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Journal articles on the topic 'Interlocking assemblies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Ermolai, V., A. Sover, and G. Nagîţ. "Design and physical validation of a non-planar interlocking element for tubular structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1235, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1235/1/012003.

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Abstract An interlocking topological structure represents an arrangement of parts designed so that the degrees of freedom of each component are takeover by the surrounding neighbours. For the planar arrangements, there are multiple possibilities to design such assemblies via platonic solids such as tetrahedron, cube, octahedron and osteomorphic geometries. This paper describes the geometrical modelling process of a non-planar interlocking element that can be used to produce tubular structures. The geometric element was defined by two curved surfaces identified with the inner and outer shell of the tubular structure and joined by six curved surfaces, providing through those the interlocking design. The virtual geometry was produced using an additive manufacturing process generating the physical model of a tubular construction assembled from non-planar interlocking elements.

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2

Aharoni, Lior, Ido Bachelet, and Josephine V. Carstensen. "Topology optimization of rigid interlocking assemblies." Computers & Structures 250 (July 2021): 106521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2021.106521.

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3

Ding, Zhongqiu, Yugang Duan, and Hong Xiao. "Simultaneous improvements in strength, stiffness, and toughness of bio-inspired hierarchical topological interlocking geometry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2587, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2587/1/012082.

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Abstract Structural hierarchy plays an important role in the mechanical properties of natural materials. In this work, the concept of hierarchy was applied to topological interlocking assemblies to integrate different toughening strategies of multiple biologicals. Multi-material additive manufacturing was adopted to fabricate the bio-inspired interlocking structures comprised of discrete hard building blocks and soft intricate interfaces. An approach combining finite element simulation with direct mechanical testing on 3D-printed samples was conducted to investigate the mechanical consequences of these samples. It was found that the introduction of hierarchical surface design enabled the original interlocking assemblies to own additional interlocking effects at a smaller length scale, resulting in increased strength, stiffness, and toughness by 42.4%, 31.2%, and 83.8%, respectively.

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4

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Interlocking Joints with Multiple Locks: Torsion-Shear Failure Analysis Using Discrete Element and Equilibrium-Based SiDMACIB Models." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2024): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114475.

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SiDMACIB (Structurally informed Design of Masonry Assemblages Composed of Interlocking Blocks) is the first numerical model capable of extending the equilibrium problem of limit analysis to interlocking assemblies. Adopting the concave formulation, this model can compute the stress state at the corrugated faces with orthotropic behaviour, such as their combined torsion-shear capacity. Generally speaking, finding the plastic torsion-shear capacity of planar faces shared between conventional blocks is still a fresh topic, while investigating this capacity for interlocking interfaces is particularly rather unexplored. Upon the authors’ previous works that focused on interlocking blocks with a single lock, in this paper, an extension to blocks composed of several locks (multi-lock interfaces) is presented and the SiDMACIB model is upgraded accordingly. For this purpose, the shear-torsion results obtained from the original SiDMACIB formulation are validated and subsequently compared with those derived from distinct element analysis conducted using the 3DEC 7.0 software. Based on this comparison, revisions to the SiDMACIB model are proposed, involving a reduction in the number of locks affecting torsion-shear capacity.

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5

Wang, Ziqi, Peng Song, Florin Isvoranu, and Mark Pauly. "Design and structural optimization of topological interlocking assemblies." ACM Transactions on Graphics 38, no. 6 (November 8, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356489.

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6

Stüttgen, Sascha, Reymond Akpanya, Birgit Beckmann, Rostislav Chudoba, Daniel Robertz, and Alice C. Niemeyer. "Modular Construction of Topological Interlocking Blocks—An Algebraic Approach for Resource-Efficient Carbon-Reinforced Concrete Structures." Buildings 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2023): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102565.

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An algebraic approach to the design of resource-efficient carbon-reinforced concrete structures is presented. Interdisciplinary research in the fields of mathematics and algebra on the one hand and civil engineering and concrete structures on the other can lead to fruitful interactions and can contribute to the development of resource-efficient and sustainable concrete structures. Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) using non-crimp fabric carbon reinforcement enables very thin and lightweight constructions and thus requires new construction strategies and new manufacturing methods. Algebraic methods applied to topological interlocking contribute to modular, reusable, and hence resource-efficient TRC structures. A modular approach to construct new interlocking blocks by combining different Platonic and Archimedean solids is presented. In particular, the design of blocks that can be decomposed into various n-prisms is the focus of this paper. It is demonstrated that the resulting blocks are highly versatile and offer numerous possibilities for the creation of interlocking assemblies, and a rigorous proof of the interlocking property is outlined.

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Gilibert, Pierre, Romain Mesnil, and Olivier Baverel. "Rule-based generative design of translational and rotational interlocking assemblies." Automation in Construction 135 (March 2022): 104142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104142.

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8

Gilibert, Pierre, Romain Mesnil, and Olivier Baverel. "Robust optimization for geometrical design of 2D sequential interlocking assemblies." Automation in Construction 158 (February 2024): 105207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2023.105207.

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9

Ouadfel, Hamza, and Kouddane Redouane. "Behaviour of Dense Assemblies of Disks and Ellipses - Study of Particle Shape Effect." Key Engineering Materials 820 (September 2019): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.820.128.

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In this article, the effect of particle shape is examined from the comparison of results of numerically simulated constant volume compression tests carried out on planes assemblies of disks and ellipses with equal porosity and similar gradation and test conditions. The results show that particle shape is a decisive fabric component that contributes directly and indirectly to the strength of assemblies of particles to resist shearing deformation. The results confirm previously established facts that elongated particle shapes favour particle interlocking and create, more easily than ideal spheres, stable clusters of particles through which external loads can be transferred hence resisting higher shearing stresses.

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10

Weizmann, Michael, Oded Amir, and Yasha Jacob Grobman. "The effect of block geometry on structural behavior of topological interlocking assemblies." Automation in Construction 128 (August 2021): 103717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103717.

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11

Cotton, F. Albert, Chun Lin, and Carlos A. Murillo. "The first dirhodium-based supramolecular assemblies with interlocking lattices and double helices." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 5 (2001): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b009612l.

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12

Rezaee Javan, A., H. Seifi, S. Xu, D. Ruan, and Y. M. Xie. "The impact behaviour of plate-like assemblies made of new interlocking bricks: An experimental study." Materials & Design 134 (November 2017): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.056.

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13

Maslak, M., and M. Pazdanowski. "Design Using Special Steel Sheet Profiles – Procedures Developed within the Framework of Grispe and Grispe Plus Projects." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0058.

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AbstractNew computational procedures developed within the framework of international research projects „Grispe” and „Grispe Plus” are briefly presented and characterised here. Considered algorithms pertain to the verification of bearing capacity and serviceability of selected bearing structure components erected with especially shaped thin-walled sheet metal panels. Structural components of this type are so far rather absent from the codes, and as a result the unequivocal design requirements have not been developed for them. Key problems related to the detailed analysis of the following element classes: steel decks with embossments, indentations and/or outwards stiffeners; liner trays; corrugated sheeting; curved profiles; cladding and roof profile assemblies; perforated and holed profiles; external interlocking planks and their assemblies are indicated in the text. The procedures formulated as a part of the projects indicated above have been delivered to CEN as an official proposal of amendments and/or additions submitted for introduction to the new generation of Eurocodes currently under preparation, and especially as an extension to the code EN 1993-1-3.

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Rezaee Javan, A., H. Seifi, S. Xu, X. Lin, and Y. M. Xie. "Impact behaviour of plate-like assemblies made of new and existing interlocking bricks: A comparative study." International Journal of Impact Engineering 116 (June 2018): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.02.008.

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15

Govender, Nicolin, and Patrick Pizette. "A study on the effect of grain morphology on shear strength in granular materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124906013.

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The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been successfully used to further understand GM behaviour where experimental means are not possible or limited. However, the vast majority of DEM publications use simplified spheres with rolling friction to account for particle shape, with a few using clumped spheres and super quadratics to better capture grain geometric detail. In this study, we compare the shear strength of packed polyhedral assemblies to spheres with rolling resistance to account for shape. Spheres were found to have the highest shear resistance as the limited rolling friction model could not capture the geometric of rotation grains which caused reordering and dilation. This geometric arrangement causes polyhedra to align faces in the shear direction, reducing the resistance to motion. Conversely, geometric interlocking can cause jamming resulting in a dramatic increase in shear resistance. Particle aspect ratio (elongation and fatness) was found to significantly lower shear resistance, while more uniform aspect ratio’s increased shear resistance with shape non-convexity showing extremes of massive slip or jamming. Thus, while spheres with rolling friction may yield bulk shear strength similar to some polyhedra with a mild aspect ratio, the grain scale effect that leads to compaction and jamming from rotation and interlocking is missed. These results shed light on the complex impact that individual grain shape has on bulk behaviour and its importance.

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16

Knight, Terry, and Lawrence Sass. "Looks count: Computing and constructing visually expressive mass customized housing." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 3 (March 15, 2010): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060409990126.

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AbstractThis paper introduces new research that seeks to develop low-cost, high quality, mass customizable building assembly systems that provide visually rich design variations for housing or other small structures. The building systems are intended to be tailored for particular cultures and communities by incorporating vernacular decorative design into the assembly design. Two complementary research areas are brought together in this work: shape grammars and digital fabrication. The visual, aesthetic aspects of the research are explored through shape grammars. The physical design and manufacturing aspects are explored through advanced digital design and fabrication technologies, and in particular, build on recent work on monomaterial assemblies with interlocking components that can be fabricated with computer numerical control machines and assembled easily by hand. The long-term objective of this research is the development of formal, visual–physical grammars with rules that generate complete computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing data for fabrication of full-scale components for assembly design variations. This paper reports on the first phase of this research: pilot studies for prototype assembly systems that incorporate vernacular languages from different parts of the world. The results of these studies are very promising, and demonstrate a spectrum of strategies for embedding visual properties in structural systems. Important next steps in this research are outlined. If successful, this work will lead to new solutions for low-cost, easily manufactured housing, which is especially critical in developing countries and for postdisaster environments. These new housing solutions will not only provide shelter but also support important cultural values through the integration of familiar visual design features. Beyond the specific context of housing and building assemblies, the research has the potential to impact the design and manufacture of designed artifacts on many scales and in many domains, especially in domains where visual aesthetics need to be considered jointly with physical, structural, or material requirements, and where design customization and variation is important.

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17

Rivers, Montgomery C., Alexander A. Trusov, Sergei A. Zotov, and Andrei M. Shkel. "Micro IMU Utilizing Folded MEMS Approach." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001360–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wa23.

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In this paper, we propose a novel wafer-level approach for fabrication and 3-D integration of MEMS devices in miniature multi-axis assemblies of inertial, acoustic, and optical sensors. The approach is based on simultaneous fabrication of all sensors on the same substrate connected by flexible electrical interconnects, mechanical hinges and latches. A multi-axis sensor system is then obtained by folding the fabricated structures into 3-D cubes, pyramids, or other rigid shapes, and subsequently micro-welded. In the current work, we demonstrate feasibility of the folded cube approach for creation of miniature MEMS IMU with <1 cm3 volume. Design of the IMU consists of a folded cube or pyramid backbone structure with micromachined accelerometers and gyroscopes on its sidewalls. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are used as a substrate for fabrication of both the inertial sensors and the folded backbone structure. Fabrication of the sensors consists of lithography, deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), and HF acid release of the inertial proof masses. Flexible polymer hinges connecting faces of the folded structures are defined on the same substrate and incorporate electrical interconnects. To provide rigidity to the assembled 3-D structure, interlocking silicon latches are fabricated along the edges of each sidewall, which are silicon-to-silicon welded after assembly. The approach allows for creating miniature multi-axis sensor systems without compromising performance of individual sensors. Gyroscopes integrated in the current folded cube IMU have experimentally demonstrated 3-dB bandwidth of 250 Hz and angle random walk (ARW) below 0.1 (deg/s)/rt-Hz in atmospheric pressure. Measured uncompensated temperature coefficients of gyroscope bias and scale factor were 313 (deg/h)/degC and 351ppm/degC, respectively. Accelerometers on the cube have been characterized, yielding a noise floor of 570μG/√Hz. Sensitivity of the accelerometers is measured at 40mV/G with a bandwidth of 100 Hz.

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18

Vulykh, N. V., and A. N. Vulykh. "Stress-strain numerical simulation for a microprofile subjected to orthogonal impact under constrained loading conditions." iPolytech Journal 25, no. 5 (November 9, 2021): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-5-538-548.

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The present paper aims to describe shape changes in a microroughness model developed for the working surfaces of parts at degrees of deformation commensurate with the height of the original microprofile; to establish how the degree of microprofile upsetting affects its shape under constrained loading conditions; as well as to estimate the stress state of the microprofile by stress intensity. A numerical model describing the surface microprofile of parts was calculated using the ANSYS Workbench environment. Lead, tin, aluminum, and copper were used as microprofile materials. In addition, microprofile upsetting was computer simulated under constrained loading conditions. The valley bottom was found to rise at a 10–20% microprofile upsetting by 0.213–0.275 mm relative to the original profile height, depending on its material. The relative length of the smoothed microprofile section amounted to 0.786–0.925 mm of its original length. The base angle of the deformed microprofile reached 570 and 800 for copper and lead models, respectively. The depth of valleys ranged from 1.4 mm (23% of the original profile height) for lead models and from 1.8 mm (30% of the original profile height) for copper models. In the case of maximum microprofile upsetting, an increase in the yield strength of microrough material from 10 to 60 MPa contributed to a reduction in the base angle of the deformed microprofile, as well as relative length and the vertical rise of microprofile valleys at their highest point. No interlocking of lateral microprofile surfaces was observed. At a 50% upsetting, the stress state of the microprofile exceeded its ultimate strength by 4–8 times. The shape changes simulated for the microprofile from plastic metallic materials are described. The performed numerical simulation correlates well with the experimental results obtained for lead microprofile models. It is worth noting that the complete smoothing of the microprofile is likely to occur through the rise of valleys and the approaching of its lateral surfaces. The study results can be used for designing and manufacturing valve gate assemblies.

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19

Wang, Xin-Tao, Xiao-Wen Li, and Li Ma. "Interlocking assembled 3D auxetic cellular structures." Materials & Design 99 (June 2016): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.088.

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20

Mingyu Jin, Guoxu Hu, and Zichen Bai. "Research on Ventilation and Heat Insulation Layer Design of Split-Type Roof Greening Based on Topological Interlocking Principle." Journal of World Architecture 7, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v7i4.5148.

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In this paper, the roof ventilation and heat insulation layer modules are combined with the roof greening, and each module is assembled and combined through the principle of topological interlocking. The assembly of these modules does not require any rivets or cement mortar, and the structural stability of the overall assembled roof can be achieved only through the interlocking and limiting of the specific geometric shapes between the modules. Due to the modular design, this kind of green roof has strong applicability and can be applied to roofs of different shapes. Such a roof can not only meet the aesthetic needs, but also beautify the urban environment and reduce carbon emissions.

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21

Li, Xiao-Lei, Jianfeng Wu, Lang Zhao, Wei Shi, Peng Cheng, and Jinkui Tang. "End-to-end azido-pinned interlocking lanthanide squares." Chemical Communications 53, no. 21 (2017): 3026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00048k.

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22

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Structurally informed design of interlocking block assemblages using limit analysis." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 448–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa038.

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Abstract This paper presents a computational framework to design assemblages of interlocking blocks and to analyze their structural feasibility. The core of this framework is an extension of limit analysis to corrugated interfaces with orthotropic sliding behavior. Such block interfaces are made of a number of locks (i.e. projections on the corrugated faces, locking the blocks together) with rectangular cross section. The sliding resistance at the block interfaces is governed by the shear resistance of the locks and Coulomb’s friction law, normal to and along the locks, respectively. This resistance is assumed as a function of different interface geometric parameters and the stress state on an interface is represented by using a number of contact points distributed over the lock centerlines. The abstraction model has been validated through the comparison of the torsion–shear behavior of an interface obtained by the proposed model and experimental tests reported in the literature. The extended limit analysis has been implemented to model single-layer shells. When the model is infeasible, the geometry of the overall shell, blocks, and interlocking interfaces can be adjusted by the designer to make the model structurally feasible. The performance of the framework is presented through several examples, which demonstrate the relationships between the geometry of the interlocking interfaces and the stability of the assemblages.

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23

Filipov, Evgueni T., Tomohiro Tachi, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Origami tubes assembled into stiff, yet reconfigurable structures and metamaterials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 40 (September 8, 2015): 12321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509465112.

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Thin sheets have long been known to experience an increase in stiffness when they are bent, buckled, or assembled into smaller interlocking structures. We introduce a unique orientation for coupling rigidly foldable origami tubes in a “zipper” fashion that substantially increases the system stiffness and permits only one flexible deformation mode through which the structure can deploy. The flexible deployment of the tubular structures is permitted by localized bending of the origami along prescribed fold lines. All other deformation modes, such as global bending and twisting of the structural system, are substantially stiffer because the tubular assemblages are overconstrained and the thin sheets become engaged in tension and compression. The zipper-coupled tubes yield an unusually large eigenvalue bandgap that represents the unique difference in stiffness between deformation modes. Furthermore, we couple compatible origami tubes into a variety of cellular assemblages that can enhance mechanical characteristics and geometric versatility, leading to a potential design paradigm for structures and metamaterials that can be deployed, stiffened, and tuned. The enhanced mechanical properties, versatility, and adaptivity of these thin sheet systems can provide practical solutions of varying geometric scales in science and engineering.

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24

Benniston, Andrew C., Anthony Harriman, and Dimitri S. Yufit. "Artificial Phototropism: Reversible Photoseparation of Self-Assembled Interlocking Conjugates." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36, no. 21 (November 14, 1997): 2356–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199723561.

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25

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Quantifiable feasibility check of masonry assemblages composed of interlocking blocks." Advances in Engineering Software 149 (November 2020): 102898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2020.102898.

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26

Jiang, Jinyue, Ocelio V. Lima, Yong Pei, Zhang Jiang, Ziguang Chen, Chichao Yu, Jin Wang, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Eric Forsythe, and Li Tan. "Self-Assembled Nanolayers of Conjugated Silane with π−π Interlocking." ACS Nano 4, no. 7 (June 2, 2010): 3773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn100273m.

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27

Uno, Hidemitsu, Hikaru Watanabe, Yuko Yamashita, and Noboru Ono. "Extremely large cavity assembled by self-interlocking of distorted biconcave porphyrins." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2005): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b413082k.

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28

Beyler, Maryline, Valérie Heitz, and Jean-Pierre Sauvage. "A noncovalently assembled porphyrinic catenane consisting of two interlocking [43]-membered rings." New Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 8 (2011): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1nj20294d.

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29

Avendaño, Carlos, George Jackson, Erich A. Müller, and Fernando A. Escobedo. "Assembly of porous smectic structures formed from interlocking high-symmetry planar nanorings." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 18, 2016): 9699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604717113.

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Materials comprising porous structures, often in the form of interconnected concave cavities, are typically assembled from convex molecular building blocks. The use of nanoparticles with a characteristic nonconvex shape provides a promising strategy to create new porous materials, an approach that has been recently used with cagelike molecules to form remarkable liquids with “scrabbled” porous cavities. Nonconvex mesogenic building blocks can be engineered to form unique self-assembled open structures with tunable porosity and long-range order that is intermediate between that of isotropic liquids and of crystalline solids. Here we propose the design of highly open liquid-crystalline structures from rigid nanorings with ellipsoidal and polygonal geometry. By exploiting the entropic ordering characteristics of athermal colloidal particles, we demonstrate that high-symmetry nonconvex rings with large internal cavities interlock within a 2D layered structure leading to the formation of distinctive liquid-crystalline smectic phases. We show that these smectic phases possess uniquely high free volumes of up to ∼95%, a value significantly larger than the 50% that is typically achievable with smectic phases formed by more conventional convex rod- or disklike mesogenic particles.

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30

Jia, Zhuoqiang, Jae-Hyun Kim, Gi-Ra Yi, and Stephanie S. Lee. "Transition of Dielectrophoresis-Assembled 2D Crystals to Interlocking Structures under a Magnetic Field." Langmuir 34, no. 41 (September 24, 2018): 12412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02706.

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31

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Automated Shape Adjustment of Interlocking Joints for Structurally Informed Design of Masonry Block Assemblages." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1044, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1044/1/012006.

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32

Li, Xingchao, Tong Zhang, Chen Chen, Shaolei Song, Sunyi Shen, Guanzhong He, Zheng Li, et al. "Preparation of TiB2–SiC composites toughened with interlocking microstructure by self-assembled TiB2 plates." Ceramics International 48, no. 4 (February 2022): 5119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.050.

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33

Han, Wenbin, Chongfeng Zhang, Jinqiao Sun, Cheng Zhou, and Lieyun Ding. "Experimental and numerical study on the structural behavior of assembled interlocking lunar landing pad." Acta Astronautica 207 (June 2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.03.001.

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34

Yu, Tsung-Yu, Shih-Chieh Yeh, Jen-Yu Lee, Nae-Lih Wu, and Ru-Jong Jeng. "Epoxy-Based Interlocking Membranes for All Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries: The Effects of Amine Curing Agents on Electrochemical Properties." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193244.

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In this study, a series of crosslinked membranes were prepared as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries (ASSLIBs). An epoxy-containing copolymer (glycidyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, PGA) and two amine curing agents, linear Jeffamine ED2003 and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI), were utilized to prepare SPEs with various crosslinking degrees. The PGA/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends were cured by ED2003 and PEI to obtain slightly and heavily crosslinked structures, respectively. For further optimizing the interfacial and the electrochemical properties, an interlocking bilayer membrane based on overlapping and subsequent curing of PGA/PEO/ED2003 and PEO/PEI layers was developed. The presence of this amino/epoxy network can inhibit PEO crystallinity and maintain the dimensional stability of membranes. For the slightly crosslinked PGA/PEO/ED2003 membrane, an ionic conductivity of 5.61 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a lithium ion transference number (tLi+) of 0.43 were obtained, along with a specific capacity of 156 mAh g−1 (0.05 C) acquired from an assembled half-cell battery. However, the capacity retention retained only 54% after 100 cycles (0.2 C, 80 °C), possibly because the PEO-based electrolyte was inclined to recrystallize after long term thermal treatment. On the other hand, the highly crosslinked PGA/PEO/PEI membrane exhibited a similar ionic conductivity of 3.44 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a tLi+ of 0.52. Yet, poor interfacial adhesion between the membrane and the cathode brought about a low specific capacity of 48 mAh g−1. For the reinforced interlocking bilayer membrane, an ionic conductivity of 3.24 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a tLi+ of 0.42 could be achieved. Moreover, the capacity retention reached as high as 80% after 100 cycles (0.2 C, 80 °C). This is because the presence of the epoxy-based interlocking bilayer structure can block the pathway of lithium dendrite puncture effectively. We demonstrate that the unique interlocking bilayer structure is capable of offering a new approach to fabricate a robust SPE for ASSLIBs.

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35

Xu, Wenzheng, Xiaoshan Lin, Pengda Li, Yu-Fei Wu, and Yi Min Xie. "Impact behaviour of tunnel lining assembled from non-planar interlocking steel fibre reinforced concrete bricks." Engineering Structures 296 (December 2023): 116907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116907.

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36

Chew, Zhe Zhi, Kok seng Eu, Kian Neng Yap, Tsung Heng Chiew, Yoon Ket Lee, Xian Zhu Lim, Julian Kok Ping Tan, and Yee Wai Sim. "AUTOMATIC ASSEMBLY OF INTERLOCKING BUILDING CUBES BY USING VISUAL SERVOING APPROACH." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 010274(1–10). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-01-e0462.

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Most of the robotic arms are set up for operation by the teach-and-repeat (T&R) technique, also known as coordinate-based control, using pre-recorded coordination values to generate robotic arm trajectories. This technique is inefficient because it requires teaching a robotic arm every single coordinate point to complete an operation. It is a manual, tedious and time-consuming task. Moreover, this task needs to be repeated if there are slight changes in the operation. This paper studied the visual servoing approach to replace the T&R technique in assembling different interlocking building cubes (IBC) combinations. The proposed method uses an image-based visual servo (IBVS) with a dynamic look-and-move system, and the eye-to-hand system, which requires computing the incremental joint angles of the robotic arm, a novel kinematic formula with a combination of Trigonometry formulas has been proposed in this paper. The experimental results show the feasibility of using a visual servoing approach to complete the assembly tasks without relying on the T&R technique and achieved an average success rate of 90% and an average of 40.2 seconds for task duration. Thus, this eliminates the tedious and time-consuming tasks of teaching the coordinate points to the robotic arms. Further improvement on the servo motor, camera and computer processor can be done to increase the accuracy, computation time and task duration in future.

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Stern, Nicola. "Early Hominin Activity Traces at FxJj43, a One and a Half Million Year Old Locality in the Koobi Fora Formation, in Northern Kenya: a Field Report." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 70 (2004): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001183.

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FxJj43 is one of a series of Early Stone Age archaeological sites preserved in the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, in northern Kenya. It is the focus of a new research project that aims to explore the impact of time-averaging on the composition and characteristics of Early Stone Age archaeological assemblages. FxJj43 lends itself particularly well to this exercise because, unlike other sites in the Okote Member, it preserves a laterally extensive set of interlocking landforms. These include part of a sandy river channel, its southern bank, levee, and adjacent floodplain.Chipped stone artefacts and broken-up animal bones occur in clusters of varying size and density all the way along the 200 m long strip of outcrops containing the remnants of these landforms. Small-scale excavations aimed at investigating the characteristics of archaeological assemblages preserved in different palaeotopographic settings, and in clusters of varying size and density, suggest the existence of archaeological occurrences representing different amounts of overprinting. This underscores the long-term research potential of this locality for exploring the relationship between the material remains of individual behavioural events and agglomerations of debris resulting from many, often unrelated sets of activities.

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Lee, Seung Hun, Chan Joo Lee, Bong Hwan Kim, Min Su Ahn, Byung Min Kim, and Dae Cheol Ko. "Effect of Tool Shape on Hole Clinching for CFRP with Steel and Aluminum Alloy Sheet." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.476.

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Use of light materials such as aluminum, magnesium and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has been increased to achieve the light-weight car body in automotive industry. For successful multi-material design of automotive body, the joining method for dissimilar materials is required to assemble the automotive components produced by various materials. Especially, hole clinching process is effective to fasten dissimilar materials without any additional joining element. In this study, effect of tool shape on the hole clinching is investigated by FE-analysis and experiments. The parameters related to clinching tool shape are punch diameter, punch corner radius and die depth. The geometrical interlocking is evaluated by the neck-thickness and undercut. Joint strength using single lap shear test is evaluated also to verify the effectiveness of hole clinching as automotive joints.

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Patil, Rajendra K. "A Cost Effective and Efficient Storm Water Gutter and a Novel Honeycomb Wall Using Pre-Cast Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.851.

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This paper discusses two innovative designs involving pre-cast concrete elements.The first design, described in Section 1, is of storm water gutters assembled from pre-cast elements that reduce construction time and total cost. Simple and optimum interlocking elements used to build these gutters permit ease of stacking and transport of elements, quick assembly, and possibility of dismantling the gutters if and when necessary. The bottomless design lets water seep into the ground to achieve water harvesting. A table of comparison of the present design with state of the art pre-cast and masonry gutters clearly shows the advantage of the former on many accounts.The second design, described in Section 2, is of a pre-cast slotted block as a unit for constructing cost effective honeycomb walls that provide ventilation and light yet resisting entry of rain water.

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Gao, Ming, Abhichart Krissanaprasit, Austin Miles, Lilian C. Hsiao, and Thomas H. LaBean. "Mechanical and Electrical Properties of DNA Hydrogel-Based Composites Containing Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Nanocircuits." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052245.

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Molecular self-assembly of DNA has been developed as an effective construction strategy for building complex materials. Among them, DNA hydrogels are known for their simple fabrication process and their tunable properties. In this study, we have engineered, built, and characterized a variety of pure DNA hydrogels using DNA tile-based crosslinkers and different sizes of linear DNA spacers, as well as DNA hydrogel/nanomaterial composites using DNA/nanomaterial conjugates with carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles as crosslinkers. We demonstrate the ability of this system to self-assemble into three-dimensional percolating networks when carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles are incorporated into the DNA hydrogel. These hydrogel composites showed interesting non-linear electrical properties. We also demonstrate the tuning of rheological properties of hydrogel-based composites using different types of crosslinkers and spacers. The viscoelasticity of DNA hydrogels is shown to dramatically increase by the use of a combination of interlocking DNA tiles and DNA/carbon nanotube crosslinkers. Finally, we present measurements and discuss electrically conductive nanomaterials for applications in nanoelectronics.

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Fremlova, Lucie. "LGBTIQ Roma and queer intersectionalities: the lived experiences of LGBTIQ Roma." European Journal of Politics and Gender 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251510819x15765046909970.

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Roma of minority sexual and gender identities experience oppression and inequality as Roma and LGBTIQ. Moving past a frame of reference in Romani Studies that has often foregrounded ethnicity, this article utilises the lived experiences of LGBTIQ Roma in order to explore understandings of Romani identities as fluid but nonetheless informed by interlocking axes of inequality. Data were generated through participant observation, focus groups and interviews with LGBTIQ Roma, and were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings reveal that individuals who self-identify as Roma also make multiple identifications on other grounds, including sex/gender, sexuality, gender identity or class. In this article, I argue that reading intersectionality in conjunction with queer assemblages – ‘queer intersectionalities’ – benefits queer (non-normative) intersectional understandings of Romani identities as not anchored in the notion of fixed ‘groupness’ or essentialist difference while allowing us to identify and interrogate the inequitable workings of asymmetrical hegemonic power relations constitutive of binary social norm(ativitie)s.

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Prusty, Soumyakanta, Shobhana Krishnaswamy, Sreenivasulu Bandi, Baby Chandrika, Jingwei Luo, J. Scott McIndoe, Garry S. Hanan, and Dillip Kumar Chand. "Reversible Mechanical Interlocking of D-Shaped Molecular Karabiners bearing Coordination-Bond Loaded Gates: Route to Self-Assembled [2]Catenanes." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 43 (September 23, 2015): 15174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201502394.

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Tiismus, Hans, Ants Kallaste, Anouar Belahcen, Anton Rassolkin, Toomas Vaimann, and Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi. "Additive Manufacturing and Performance of E-Type Transformer Core." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113278.

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Additive manufacturing of ferromagnetic materials for electrical machine applications is maturing. In this work, a full E-type transformer core is printed, characterized, and compared in terms of performance with a conventional Goss textured core. For facilitating a modular winding and eddy current loss reduction, the 3D printed core is assembled from four novel interlocking components, which structurally imitate the E-type core laminations. Both cores are compared at approximately their respective optimal working conditions, at identical magnetizing currents. Due to the superior magnetic properties of the Goss sheet conventional transformer core, 10% reduced efficiency (from 80.5% to 70.1%) and 34% lower power density (from 59 VA/kg to 39 VA/kg) of the printed transformer are identified at operating temperature. The first prototype transformer core demonstrates the state of the art and initial optimization step for further development of additively manufactured soft ferromagnetic components. Further optimization of both the 3D printed material and core design are proposed for obtaining higher electrical performance for AC applications.

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Moussavi, Seyed Mobin, Julian Lienhard, and Dongyuan Liu. "Design to manufacture of fully stressed curved structures through elastic deformation of thin steel sheets with interlocking connections." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (September 2023): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2542.

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AbstractThe research project presents the development of a fully digital design to manufacture process chain for high‐performance curved steel elements produced by laser cutting thin steel sheets and assembled through elastic deformation. Although there have been developments in industrial robotic setups to automate steel beam bending, these processes rely on an iterative approach and are time‐consuming and costly when there is a need for high accuracy.The paper shows how the production of tailor‐made geometric parts with interlocking connections enables the design of free‐form structure as well as the complete integration of secondary functions such as façade and mounting positions. The research is based on an integrated co‐development of the construction system, structural FEA analysis, as well as manufacturing and assembly methods. A computational tool was developed to combine geometric studies and structural analysis and to automate fabrication data. This project is situated in an industrial context to test the potential for upscaling the system and detailing techniques for the assembly of curved geometries. The potential of the system is demonstrated through the design and fabrication of a 1:1 scale canopy.

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Prusty, Soumyakanta, Shobhana Krishnaswamy, Sreenivasulu Bandi, Baby Chandrika, Jingwei Luo, J. Scott McIndoe, Garry S. Hanan, and Dillip Kumar Chand. "Frontispiece: Reversible Mechanical Interlocking of D-Shaped Molecular Karabiners bearing Coordination-Bond Loaded Gates: Route to Self-Assembled [2]Catenanes." Chemistry - A European Journal 21, no. 43 (October 16, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201584362.

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Myers, Natasha. "Animating Mechanism." Science & Technology Studies 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55192.

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In the scientific literature, proteins are frequently figured as molecular machines; that is, as tiny mechanisms that operate in interlocking assemblages, and which act to build and maintain the body as a higher-order machine. Mechanical models parse living bodies in ways that seem, at first glance, to deaden lively processes. I build on feminist contributions to the science studies literature to show how, rather than spelling the “death of nature”, mechanistic reasoning in the life sciences can become a site for feminist inquiry into modes of embodiment and the role of affect in the performance of scientific knowledge. I observe that researchers use their bodies kinaesthetically to manipulate and learn protein structures. Such forms of body-work enable modellers to animate their molecular mechanisms both onscreen and through elaborate gestures and affects. In this way molecular mechanisms are enlivened as they are propagated between researchers in pedagogical and professional contexts. I argue that this is not an extra-scientific phenomenon, but one intrinsic to the work of mechanistic modelling.

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Ibukuro, Fumiaki, Makoto Fujita, Kentaro Yamaguchi, and Jean-Pierre Sauvage. "Quantitative and Spontaneous Formation of a Doubly Interlocking [2]Catenane Using Copper(I) and Palladium(II) as Templating and Assembling Centers." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 47 (December 1999): 11014–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja992391r.

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Li, Guodong, Shugang Cao, Yong Li, and Zhenyu Zhang. "Load Bearing and Deformation Characteristics of Granular Spoils under Unconfined Compressive Loading for Coal Mine Backfill." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8530574.

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The load bearing capacity and deformation response of granular spoils under uniaxial compression are numerically and experimentally investigated, aiming to shed light on the performance of back filled waste spoils while controlling ground subsidence after coal extraction. In numerical study, the particles are assembled in PFC commercial code in light of the digitized real shape of spoils with image technique, which is proved to be consistent with the physical test. The results from numerical and laboratory experiments showed that the complete compressive process of spoils tended to have spatial and temporal characteristics. The load-strain curves of investigated specimens could be divided into three stages (stage I, rearranging stage; stage II, breaking stage; stage III, consolidating stage) and three zones (I, rearranging zone; II, interlocking zone; III, consolidated zone) from outside to inside. During stage I, the load increasing rate of smaller spoils is relatively low, but it increases faster than larger ones in stages II and III. In addition, spoils with Talbot’s gradation are greater than single gradations. The magnitude of the density in consolidated zone is maximum, indicating that it is the main part holding the overlying strata weight.

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Bělohradský, Martin, Françisco M. Raymo, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Template-Directed Syntheses of Catenanes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 4 (1997): 527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970527.

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The art and science of introducing mechanical-interlocking at the molecular level in order to generate catenanes - molecules composed of two or more macrocyclic components - offers the opportunity of constructing a new range of molecular compounds possessing intriguing properties. However, the topological features displayed by catenanes has rendered the syntheses of such molecular compounds an extremely challenging task for synthetic chemists to address. Their early syntheses were based upon either statistical approaches - the threading of a small amount of a macrocycle on to an acyclic precursor as a chance event - or directed approaches, relying upon the temporary introduction of covalent bonds in the multistep synthesis of a so-called precatenane, followed by its conversion ultimately into a catenane. These approaches afforded catenanes in very low yields overall and only after following tedious and laborious synthetic procedures. Fortunately, however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, template-directed methods that allow us to self-assemble [n]catenanes much more efficiently have become available. Numerous successful template-directed syntheses have now emerged - some by chance and others by design. These methods have been based upon (i) metal coordinating, (ii) hydrogen bonding, (iii) solvophobic, and/or (iv) π-π stacking interactions which have been found to govern self-assembly processes to catenated compounds from appropriate precursors. Their relative simplicity, the high degree of control with which they can be employed, and the remarkable efficiency with which they proceed has already provided the opportunity to synthetic chemists to self-assemble a series of [n]catenanes, incorporating from two up to five mechanically-interlocked macrocyclic components.

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Xiao, Nannan, Martin Felhofer, Sebastian J. Antreich, Jessica C. Huss, Konrad Mayer, Adya Singh, Peter Bock, and Notburga Gierlinger. "Twist and lock: nutshell structures for high strength and energy absorption." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 210399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210399.

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Nutshells achieve remarkable properties by optimizing structure and chemistry at different hierarchical levels. Probing nutshells from the cellular down to the nano- and molecular level by microchemical and nanomechanical imaging techniques reveals insights into nature's packing concepts. In walnut and pistachio shells, carbohydrate and lignin polymers assemble to form thick-walled puzzle cells, which interlock three-dimensionally and show high tissue strength. Pistachio additionally achieves high-energy absorption by numerous lobes interconnected via ball-joint-like structures. By contrast, the three times more lignified walnut shells show brittle LEGO-brick failure, often along the numerous pit channels. In both species, cell walls (CWs) show distinct lamellar structures. These lamellae involve a helicoidal arrangement of cellulose macrofibrils as a recurring motif. Between the two nutshell species, these lamellae show differences in thickness and pitch angle, which can explain the different mechanical properties on the nanolevel. Our in-depth study of the two nutshell tissues highlights the role of cell form and their interlocking as well as plant CW composition and structure for mechanical protection. Understanding these plant shell concepts might inspire biomimetic material developments as well as using walnut and pistachio shell waste as sustainable raw material in future applications.

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