Journal articles on the topic 'Interlayer thickness'
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1
HE, YUANPING, YU-XIAO CUI, and FANG-HONG SUN. "ENHANCEMENT OF ADHESION STRENGTH AND TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF CVD DIAMOND FILMS ON TUNGSTEN CARBIDE SUBSTRATES WITH HIGH COBALT CONTENT VIA AMORPHOUS SiC INTERLAYERS." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 09 (October 17, 2019): 1950051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500513.
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In this study, the diamond films are deposited on tungsten carbide substrates with 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Co via hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). Amorphous SiC (a-SiC) interlayers with various thicknesses are fabricated between the diamond films and tungsten carbide substrates via precursor pyrolysis to promote the adhesion and friction performance of diamond films. Indentation tests are performed to evaluate the adhesion of the as-fabricated diamond films, which show that the a-SiC interlayers can greatly improve the adhesive strength between diamond films and tungsten carbide substrates with 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Co. Moreover, the thickness of a-SiC interlayer is of great importance for the effectiveness on the film–substrate adhesion enhancement. The optimum thickness of a-SiC interlayer is 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Afterwards, ball-on-disc experiments are chosen to check the tribological properties of the as-fabricated a-SiC interlayered diamond film specimen with the optimum interlayer thickness, which exhibits lower friction coefficient than the conventional diamond film with no interlayer.
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Su, Jie, Zhenghua Zhou, You Zhou, Xiaojun Li, Qing Dong, Yafei Wang, Yuping Li, and Liu Chen. "The Characteristics of Seismic Response on Hard Interlayer Sites." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1425969.
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Based on the engineering geological data of a nuclear power plant site, nine engineering geological profiles were created with hard interlayers of different thicknesses. The equivalent linearization method of seismic motion segment-input used for one-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analysis was applied to study the effect of the interlayer thickness on the peak acceleration and the acceleration response spectra of the site seismic response. The results showed that there was an obvious influence of hard interlayer thickness on site seismic responses. With the increase of hard interlayer thickness, the site nonlinear effect on seismic responses decreased. Under the same thickness of the hard interlayer, the nonlinear effect of the site was strengthened with the higher input peak acceleration. In addition, the short-period acceleration response spectrum was found to be significantly influenced by the hard interlayer and showed that the longer the period, the less influence of the hard interlayer on the acceleration response spectrum coordinates. Moreover, the influenced frequency band was wider with the increase in the thickness of hard interlayer.
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Xia, Xiong, Yi Bo Wang, Sai Ying Xi, Jun Sun, Han Dong Xu, and Yi Huang. "Study on Effects of Earthquake Response of Soft Interlayer." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.205.
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This paper carried on the numerical analysis about the impact on soft soil ground seismic effect according to the buried depth and thickness of the soft interlayer, which took Jiangsu typical stratigraphic distribution and some engineering field as the prototype. In order to analyze the impact of buried depth and thickness of soft soil interlayers on the surface of the ground motion parameter, this paper combined with the formation parameters and calculated 3 sections which the thickness of soft soil interlayers were respectively 3m, 5m and 9m, in condition of the buried depth of the soft soil interlayer was constant. Choose ElCENTRO process curve for site seismic response analysis. The results showed that the influence of soft soil interlayer thickness on ground surface acceleration peak value was related with the location of weak interlayer. The influence of soft interlayer thickness on earthquake peak acceleration Amax and the eigenperiod Tg was more obvious; When the thickness of the soft interlayer increased, the earthquake peak acceleration decreased, the maximum speed decreased, and the maximum displacement increase; When the thickness of the soft interlayer increased, The maximum response spectrum decreased, the cycle of response spectrum peak increased, and the eigenperiod increased.
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Bauer, Sondes, Adriana Rodrigues, Lukáš Horák, Xiaowei Jin, Reinhard Schneider, Tilo Baumbach, and Václav Holý. "Structure Quality of LuFeO3 Epitaxial Layers Grown by Pulsed-Laser Deposition on Sapphire/Pt." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010061.
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Structural quality of LuFeO 3 epitaxial layers grown by pulsed-laser deposition on sapphire substrates with and without platinum Pt interlayers has been investigated by in situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction (reciprocal-space mapping). The parameters of the structure such as size and misorientation of mosaic blocks have been determined as functions of the thickness of LuFeO 3 during growth and for different thicknesses of platinum interlayers up to 40 nm. By means of fitting of the time-resolved X-ray reflectivity curves and by in situ X-ray diffraction measurement, we demonstrate that the LuFeO 3 growth rate as well as the out-of-plane lattice parameter are almost independent from Pt interlayer thickness, while the in-plane LuFeO 3 lattice parameter decreases. We reveal that, despite the different morphologies of the Pt interlayers with different thickness, LuFeO 3 was growing as a continuous mosaic layer and the misorientation of the mosaic blocks decreases with increasing Pt thickness. The X-ray diffraction results combined with ex situ scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that the Pt interlayer significantly improves the structure of LuFeO 3 by reducing the misfit of the LuFeO 3 lattice with respect to the material underneath.
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Bouška, Petr, Miroslav Špaček, Drahomír Crhan, Tomáš Bittner, and Miroslav Vokáč. "Experimental Verification of the Effective Thickness of Laminated Glass." Key Engineering Materials 662 (September 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.662.245.
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Properties of laminated glass comprising two or more sheets of glass are greatly affected by the composite action of these panes which is influenced by material properties of used interlayer. Generally plastic foil or cast resin is used as the interlayer in lamination process. Laminated glass has been experimentally investigated in the laboratory condition in a four-point bending test on several kinds of interlayers in combination with variable thickness of the annealed glass. This paper establishes the so-called effective bending thickness according to standard method and presents comparisons with experimentally determined values.
6
Lee, J. J., W. S. Yang, and Jung Ho Je. "Enhanced nucleation density of chemical vapor deposition diamonds by using interlayer." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 3 (March 1997): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0100.
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Effects of interlayers on diamond nucleation were investigated for the Si substrates. Interlayers were deposited on the diamond-abraded Si substrates by rf sputtering prior to diamond growth using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Compared with 1 × 108/cm2 for the just abraded substrate, the nucleation density was greatly enhanced to 1 ∼ 2 × 109/cm2 by 50 nm thick interlayer, irrespective of the kind of interlayer material used in this study (Si, Mo, Ti, Pt, Ag, TiN, or SiO2). As the thickness of the Si interlayer increased from 20 to 500 nm, the nucleation density reached a maximum value, 3 × 109/cm2 at 100 nm. However, the growth rate was monotonically reduced from ∼300 nm/h to ∼100 nm/h. For the 700 nm thick Si interlayer, no diamond growth was observed. These results indicate that there is an optimum interlayer thickness around 100 nm for the higher nucleation density. The role of the interlayer in enhancing the nucleation density is believed to protect the nucleation sites generated by the diamond abrasion, otherwise they could be considerably etched away by atomic hydrogen during the initial diamond deposition.
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Lu, Sheng Bo, and Zheng Kui Xu. "Effect of Interlayer Thickness on Stress and Dielectric Properties of MgTiO3 Modified (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Multilayer Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1796.
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Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST)/MgTiO3 (MT)/ Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 multilayer thin films were deposited on LaNiO3 (100)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. It was found that the film orientation and dielectric properties of BST/MT/BST multilayer thin films are strongly dependent on MT interlayer thickness. Pure BST thin film exhibits a (100) preferred orientation, while BST thin films with a MT interlayer exhibit a random orientation. Residual stress is relaxed dramatically due to a closer match of thermal expansion coefficients between the BST and MT interlayers. The largest figure of merit of 18.7 is achieved in the multilayer thin film with a 50-nm-thick MT interlayer, which exhibits a tunability of 30% and a lost tangent of 0.016. Dielectric constant and loss tangent decrease with increasing MT interlayer thickness due to a series dielectric dilution effect.
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Gan, Kuan, Min Li, and Meng Meng Wu. "The Influences of Interdigitated Electrode Asymmetry on the Actuation Performance of Piezoelectric Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 664 (October 2014): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.664.18.
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The electrostatic field distribution of interdigitated electrode piezoceramics (IDEPZT) and piezoelectric fiber composite (IDEPFC) are analyzed by finite element method separately. The impact of the interdigitated electrode asymmetry on the actuation performance of piezoelectric actuators with a certain interlayer thickness is studied. The influence of the interdigitated electrode asymmetry on the actuation performance, stress concentration and electrostatic field concentration with different interlayer thicknesses are also discussed and compared. For piezoceramics, the results show that the actuation performance can be influenced little by increasing the degree of the excursion with a relatively thin interlayer thickness. As the interlayer thickness increases, the actuation performance can be influenced much by increasing the degree of the asymmetry. And it results in the decrease of the longitudinal free strain overall. The electric field becomes increasingly uneven as the degree of the asymmetry increases. The actuated stress can be improved evidently by increasing the degree of the asymmetry with a relatively thin interlayer thickness while the stress concentration is not increased apparently.
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Shmorgun, Victor Georgievich, Artem I. Bogdanov, and Alexander O. Taube. "Analysis of Thermal Stresses in Layered Composite AD1 + Cr20Ni80 + M1 after Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.8.
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The results of modeling of the influence of layers thickness of the Ni-Cr-Al composite on value of thermal stresses on its interlayer boundaries after diffusion annealing are presented. It is shown that the cooling of the AD1-Cr20Ni80 composite after annealing, which provides formation of a DZ at its interlayer boundary, consisting of three interlayers (CrAl7, NiAl3 + CrAl7 and Ni2Al3 + CrAl7), leads to spontaneous separation of the aluminum layer,due to the action of tensile stresses, exceeding the zone strength of the interlayer boundaries (CrAl7) - (NiAl3 + CrAl7), and at k> 0.3 - (NiAl3 + CrAl7) - (Ni2Al3 + CrAl7) with the ratio of layers thickness of aluminum and the alloy Cr20Ni80 - k <0.3, which leads to the formation of layered Cr20Ni80 / ( Ni2Al3 + CrAl7) / (NiAl3 + CrAl7) or Cr20Ni80 / (Ni2Al3 + CrAl7) coatings.
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Yang, Min, Zeng Da Zou, Si Li Song, and Xin Hong Wang. "Effect of Interlayer Thickness on Strength and Fracture of Si3N4 and Inconel600 Joint." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2435.
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In this study, Si3N4 was bonded to Inconel600 with Nb/Cu/Ni interlayer by partial liquid phase diffusion bonding method under vacuum condition. The bonding temperature, bonding time, bonding pressure and cooling velocity was 1403K, 50min, 7.5MPa and 5K/min, respectively. The effects of interlayer thickness on the strength and fracture behaviors of joint were investigated through evaluating the strength of joints based on shear test and observing the fracture morphology by means of SEM. The results showed that the shear strength of joint changed with variation of the interlayer thickness. When the shear strength of joint increased, the location of fracture was changed from the ceramic/interlay interface to the reaction layer.
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Li, Huigui, Jun Wang, Huamin Li, Shengjie Wei, and Xiaolong Li. "Experimental Study on Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Interbedded Sandstone with Different Interlayer Thickness under Uniaxial and Triaxial Compression." Processes 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020285.
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In order to study the effect of interlayer thickness on the deformation and strength characteristics of interbedded sandstone under load, uniaxial compression and conventional triaxial compression tests were carried out on four interbedded medium-grained sandstone samples with different interlayer thickness, accounting for different proportions of the total height of the sample (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The samples were from the Shendong Mining Area and investigated using an RMT-150C rock mechanics test system. Then the stress–strain curve characteristics, strength characteristics, and failure characteristics of the interbedded medium-grained sandstone with different interlayer thickness were analyzed, and the applicability of Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion and Rocker criterion to interbedded medium-grained sandstone with different interlayer thickness was evaluated. The research results show that, as the thickness of the interlayer gradually increases, the uniaxial compressive strength of the sandstone containing the interlayer first decreases and then increases; as the thickness of the interlayer increases, the elastic modulus of the sandstone containing the interlayer gradually decreases, and the peak strain increases gradually; the thickness of the interlayer has little effect on the triaxial compressive strength of the sandstone containing the interlayer. When the thickness of the interlayer is small, the deviation of the fitted uniaxial compressive strength of the Rocker strength criterion is relatively small, and the applicability is good; the prediction result of the uniaxial compressive strength of the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion is better; for the tensile strength of the interlayer rock, the Rocker strength criterion has good applicability. The existence of the interlayer hinders the development of medium-grained sandstone cracks, but this effect is weakened with the increasing thickness of the interlayer. The research results are helpful to further reveal the movement law of overlying rocks in Shendong mining area, and provide basic parameters for related research.
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Zheng, Ke, Jie Gao, Shengwang Yu, Yongsheng Wang, Hongjun Hei, Yong Ma, Bing Zhou, Bin Tang, and Yucheng Wu. "Gradient-Modified HfC-SiC Mixed Bi-Interlayers Synthesized under Different TMS Flow Rate Increment for Depositing Diamond Coating onto WC-Co Substrate." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071558.
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To deposit well-adhered diamond coating, gradient-modified hafnium carbide-silicon carbide (HfC-SiC) mixed bi-interlayers were prepared on cemented carbides (WC-Co) by plasma surface metallurgy technique under the different tetramethylsiline (TMS) flow rate increment. The effects of the TMS flow rate increment on the composition, microstructure, adhesion, and hardness of the bi-interlayers were investigated. Then, the well-adhered bi-interlayer was chosen for the deposition of the diamond coating. It was found that the HfC-SiC mixed bi-interlayers consisted of a diffusion-modified HfC-riched inner layer and a SiC-riched outer layer. The TMS flow rate increment played a key role in tailoring the surface morphology, thickness, and interface character of the bi-interlayer. The dense nanocrystalline diamond coating was formed on the optimized bi-interlayer at the increment of 0.20 sccm/2 min. The diamond coating showed excellent adhesion, which was benefited from the cobalt (Co) diffusion inhibition, gradient composition distribution, and mechanical interlocking.
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Yan, Pei, Jian Xin Deng, Hai Bing Cui, Xing Ai, and Jun Zhao. "Finite Element Analysis of Thermal Stress in Multi-Arc Ion Plated ZrTiN Hard Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.369.
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The thermal stresses generated in ZrTiN coating deposited on HSS and tungsten carbide substrates are investigated by finite element analysis and calculated by mathematics model. FEM analysis provides detailed information about all stress components. The influence of deposition temperature, substrate materials, coating thickness and interlayers on the generation is analyzed. The thermal stress of coatings has a linear relationship with deposition temperature, and an inverse relationship with the coating thickness. The results of simulated thermal stress are in accordance with the analytical method. The highest shear stress found at the interface between the coating and substrate indicates that the interface is the critical location which is learned from the failure point of view. Results also show that the insertion of TiZr interlayer between the coating and substrate can reduce the stress components especially the shear stress. The interlayer thickness has a great effect on stress reduction.
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Liu, Jing, Haoyuan Cai, Lingqi Kong, and Xianfang Zhu. "Effect of Chromium Interlayer Thickness on Optical Properties of Au-Ag Nanoparticle Array." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650359.
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The effect of chromium interlayer thickness on optical properties of array of hybrid Au-Ag triangular nanoparticles is systematically investigated. The optical spectrum simulated by discrete dipole approximation (DDA) numerical method shows that with increase of the chromium interlayer thickness both refractive index sensitivity (RIS) and figure of merit (FOM) of localized surface plasmon resonance from the hybrid nanostructures experience remarkable change and the intensity of the extinction efficiency decreases. The nanosphere lithography (NSL) is used to fabricate the hybrid nanostructure arrays with different chromium interlayer thicknesses. The experiment demonstrates that the spectrum as measured from the as-fabricated hybrid nanostructure arrays is essentially in agreement with the simulated results.
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Shchekin, A. K., L. A. Gosteva, T. S. Lebedeva, and D. V. Tat’yanenko. "A Unified Approach to Disjoining Pressure in Liquid and Vapor Interlayer within the Framework of the Density Functional Theory." Colloid Journal 83, no. 2 (March 2021): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061933x21010129.
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Abstract The classical density functional theory makes it possible to explicitly calculate the local density profiles, the components of the pressure tensor, and the thicknesses of thin interlayers between a lyophilic or lyophobic solid surface and, accordingly, gas or liquid phases at different values of the chemical potentials of the phases. Within the framework of a unified approach based on the gradient approximation of the classical density functional theory, it has been shown that, at certain values of parameters characterizing the wettability or nonwettability of a solid, equilibrium liquid films or vapor layers of a uniform thickness are formed around a spherical particle, if its surface is lyophilic or lyophobic, respectively. Mechanical and thermodynamic definitions have been given for the disjoining pressure in the spherical liquid or vapor interlayer around a solid particle, and the agreement between the definitions has been proven by calculations at different interlayer thicknesses and particle radii. It has been shown that the disjoining pressure in a vapor interlayer around a nanosized lyophobic particle decreases with an increase in particle radius, with this phenomenon being opposite to the situation with liquid films.
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Li, Guodong, Liuhe Li, Mingyue Han, Sida Luo, Jie Jin, Lei Wang, Jiabin Gu, and Hu Miao. "The Performance of TiAlSiN Coated Cemented Carbide Tools Enhanced by Inserting Ti Interlayers." Metals 9, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9090918.
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To enhance the cutting performance of TiAlSiN coated cemented carbide tools by inserting Ti interlayers and to explore their mechanism, TiAlSiN/Ti multilayer coatings with different Ti thicknesses, including 0 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, and 150 nm, were deposited onto cemented carbide (WC-10 wt%, Co) substrates by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The microstructure, hardness, grain orientation, residual stress, adhesion, and toughness of those coatings were measured, and the cutting performance against Inconel 718 was analyzed. Meanwhile, finite element method (FEM) indentation simulations were performed to gain detailed insight into the effects of Ti interlayer thickness on mechanical properties of TiAlSiN/Ti multilayer coatings. Results demonstrated that mechanical properties of TiAlSiN multilayer coatings were significantly changed after the Ti interlayer was introduced, and the multilayer coating #M2 with 25 nm Ti layer showed the excellent toughness and adhesion without sacrificing hardness too much. As Ti interlayer thickness increased, both toughness and adhesion decrease owing to the plastic mismatch between individual layers, and these changes were discussed detailedly with finite element method. Moreover, the result of the cutting experiment also revealed that the tool flank wear Vb can be reduced by the multilayer structure. This improvement is believed to be due to the increasing toughness, which alleviated the damage caused by the continuous impact load of hard phases generated by Inconel 718 during cutting.
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Tran Thi, May, Seokhun Kwon, Hyunil Kang, Jung-Hyun Kim, Yong-Kyu Yoon, and Wonseok Choi. "Growth Properties of Carbon Nanowalls on Nickel and Titanium Interlayers." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020406.
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This research is conducted in order to investigate the structural and electrical characteristics of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) according to the sputtering time of interlayers. The thin films were deposited through RF magnetron sputtering with a 4-inch target (Ni and Ti) on the glass substrates, and the growth times of the deposition were 5, 10, and 30 min. Then, a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system was used to grow CNWs on the interlayer-coated glass substrates by using a mixture of H2 and CH4 gases. The FE-SEM analysis of the cross-sectional and planar images confirmed that the thickness of interlayers linearly increased according to the deposition time. Furthermore, CNWs grown on the Ni interlayer were taller and denser than those grown on the Ti interlayer. Hall measurement applied to measure sheet resistance and conductivity confirmed that the electrical efficiency improved significantly as the Ni or Ti interlayers were used. Additionally, UV-Vis spectroscopy was also used to analyze the variations in light transmittance; CNWs synthesized on Ni-coated glass have lower average transmittance than those synthesized on Ti-coated glass. Based on this experiment, it was found that the direct growth of CNW was possible on the metal layer and the CNWs synthesized on Ni interlayers showed outstanding structural and electrical characterizations than the remaining interlayer type.
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Tian, Wu Bian, Hideki Kita, Hideki Hyuga, and Naoki Kondo. "Joining of SiC by Tape-Cast SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3 Interlayer." Key Engineering Materials 484 (July 2011): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.26.
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SiC substrates were successfully bonded by tape-cast SiC-Al2O3-Y2O3 interlayers in the temperature range of 1800-1900 °C for 60 min at 15 MPa pressure in flowing Ar. Based on microstructure observations, we find that the α-SiC interlayers result in equiaxed microstructure at all joining temperatures while the tape-cast β-SiC leads to a microstructure varying from a mixed characteristic to an elongated one with joining temperature. The detailed image analysis suggests the close interlayer thickness, the quicker grain growth rate of β-SiC relative to α-SiC one and the good agreement between aspect ratio and morphology in all joints. Moreover, the SiC grains of interlayer near to interface develop preferentially from the external SiC grains of substrate, which is possibly related to the morphology difference between substrate and interlayer and the grain growth behaviors. Finally, the SiC joined with tapes exhibits an average bending strength over 359 MPa and usually fracture within SiC bases.
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Nan, Senlin, Weiming Guan, Tao Hu, Weisheng Shi, Junhui Zhang, Hui Chen, Junyu Cong, and Huabin Liu. "The Influence Mechanism of the Master Weak Interlayer on Bench Blasting Effect and Its Evaluation Method." Shock and Vibration 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7814954.
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The weak interlayers in an open-pit blasting bench affect the uniform distribution of explosive energy. To explore the mechanistic influence of a weak interlayer on the effect of blasting, 9 sets of numerical blasting experiments were constructed using the orthogonal experiment method. The degree of bench crushing after blasting, the maximum velocity of the rock mass at 0.05 s, and the displacement of the back of the bench were thus investigated. The analysis revealed that the impact of the thickness of the weak interlayer, its wave impedance, and its location of occurrence on the bench blasting indicated an ordered decreasing effect. Based on this, the evaluation method for the master weak interlayer and the design plan of the specific charge structure were proposed. The evaluated design proposals were verified through both numerical and field tests. The research results will provide a scientific basis to determine a reasonable charge structure of the bench blasting of rock masses containing weak interlayers.
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Mofidi, Haman Hedaiat, Alireza Sabour Rouhaghdam, Shahrokh Ahangarani, Mansoor Bozorg, and Mahboobeh Azadi. "Fracture Toughness of TiN Coating as a Function of Interlayer Thickness." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.466.
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Single layer TiN and Ti/TiN bilayers were deposited on H-13 steel by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. TiN thickness was kept constant at 2 μm and Ti thickness values ranged between 100 nm to 1 μm. Fracture toughness and residual stress of TiN coatings was measured as functions of thickness of titanium interlayer. Vickers indentation tests, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the coatings. Results showed fracture toughness of the coating increases severely by increasing interlayer thickness. Additionally, internal stress which causes debonding and breaking of the entire coating, reduces about 70% by increasing interlayer thickness up to 600 nm. Moreover, there is maximum value for interlayer thickness in order to optimize fracture toughness of the coating.
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Li, Jian Guang. "Compressive Properties of Rock Mass with Horizontal Weak Interlayer." Key Engineering Materials 717 (November 2016): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.717.131.
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Rock mass with horizontal weak interlayer is studied on, and similar material standard samples with layers were made by using self-made device. Some conclusions are obtained by uniaxial compression experiments: both the strength and elastic modulus of rock mass decrease with thickness of weak interlayer increasing; for constant total thickness, both the strength and elastic modulus of rock mass increase with the layer number increasing, and the mathematical relationship between the strength and interlayer thickness and layer number of rock mass is given. Once compressive properties of rock mass with horizontal interlayer is obtained, researcher can get those of rock mass with dip interlayer by coordinate transformation further, and can predict the whole stability of engineering structure with weak interlayer in different situation.
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Li, Xiudi, Chaoyang Miao, Qifan Wang, and Zhengang Geng. "Antiknock Performance of Interlayered High-Damping-Rubber Blast Door under Thermobaric Shock Wave." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2420893.
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The long duration and high impulse shock wave of thermobaric bomb threatens the security of underground structures. To obtain high resistance blast door against thermobaric shock wave, firstly, the dynamic mechanic property of high damping rubber was studied by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipment and the stress-strain relationship of high damping rubber under average strain rate of 5200/s was obtained. Secondly, the numerical model of interlayered high-damping-rubber blast door was established with ANSYS/LS-DYNA code based on test results, and the antiknock performance of interlayered high-damping-rubber blast door under thermobaric shock wave was analyzed by contrast with ordinary blast door. The results showed that the midspan displacement of the blast door decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of thickness of the high-damping-rubber interlayer, and the optimal thickness of the high-damping-rubber interlayer for energy consuming was 150 mm in the calculation condition of this paper. With the increase of the distance between the interlayer and the front surface of the door, the midspan displacement of the blast door decreased continually. The midspan maximum displacement of interlayered high-damping-rubber blast door decreased 74.5% in comparison to ordinary blast door. It showed that the high-damping-rubber structure can effectively improve the antiknock performance of blast door under thermobaric shock wave.
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Park, Hong-Gyu, and Sang-Geon Park. "Electro-Optical Performance of Organic Thin-Film Using HAT(CN)6 between Anode and Organic Materials." Coatings 9, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100648.
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We report the electro-optical properties of an organic thin-film by varying the thickness of 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT(CN)6), included therein as an interlayer. Devices with HAT(CN)6, which are 7 nm thin films used as interlayers, exhibited good current density–voltage characteristics due to an improved hole injection barrier resulting from carrier ladder effects and carrier transport phenomena. The device without an interlayer showed the worst driving voltage characteristics due to the hole injection barrier. At low driving voltages, a device using 7 nm HAT(CN)6 as an interlayer exhibited a current density about 9.9 times higher than that of a device using 20 nm HAT(CN)6, and showed a current density about 9600 times higher than that of a device without an interlayer. Due to the proper carrier balance, the device using 7 nm HAT(CN)6 as an interlayer achieved a maximum current efficiency of 10.8 cd/A, which was the highest among the devices studied. This shows that the electro-optical properties of devices using HAT(CN)6 as an interlayer are dominated by the holes.
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Jiang, De Yi, Xue Qin Fan, Tao Ren, Jie Chen, and Song Ren. "The Experiment to Research the Mudstone Interbeds which Affect the Mechanical Characters of the Layered Rock Salt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1279.
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Since mudstone interlayer has a big influence on the mechanic property of layered rock salt, and in order to research its law, the mudstone which strength is lower than pure rock is used as a interlayer to make the regular layer of salt formation, then both the uniaxial and triaxial compression test are carried out on the layer of salt formation. The result indicates: (1) As the thickness of interlayer increases the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of layer type salt decrease. (2) On the condition that the thickness of interlayer does not change, the more the interlayer number, the stronger the uniaxial compressive strength. (3) If the total thickness of interlayer is stable and the interlayer number is same, then as the distance of interlayer increases the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of layer type salt decrease. The result provides practical value and theoretic basis on the further research of the mechanic property of layered rock soil and on the analysis of the stability of Karst underground salt cavity reservoir.
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Liang, J. Z. "Estimation of Interlayer Thickness in Inorganic Particulate-Filled Polymer Composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 24, no. 6 (June 13, 2011): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705711404724.
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The structure of the interlayer between matrix and inclusions affect directly the mechanical and physical properties of inorganic particulate-filled polymer composites. The interlayer thickness is an important parameter for characterization of the interfacial structure. The effects of the interlayer between the filler particles and matrix on the mechanical properties of polymer composites were analyzed in this article. On the basis of a simplified model of interlayer, an expression for estimating the interlayer thickness ([Formula: see text]) was proposed. In addition, the relationship between the [Formula: see text] and the particle size and its concentration was discussed. The results showed that the calculations of the [Formula: see text] and thickness/particle diameter ratio ([Formula: see text]) increased nonlinearly with an increase of the volume fraction of the inclusions. Moreover, the predictions of [Formula: see text] and the relevant data reported in literature were compared, and good agreement was found between them.
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Li, Shan Dong, Feng Xu, Ming Liu, Yi Hu, Jian Peng Wu, Xin Le Cai, Jie Qiu, Jian Hua Lin, and Jenq Gong Duh. "Effect of the Thickness of Cr Interlayer on the High-Frequency Characteristics of FeCoTa/Cr/FeCoTa Multilayers." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1356.
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The effect of non-ferromagnetic Cr interlayer on the high-frequency ferromagnetic properties (HFFMPs) was investigated by use of FeCoTa/Cr/ FeCoTa triple layered films. In conventional thought, the metal interlayer gives rise to a high eddy current loss and therefore a deteriorated HFFMP. However, it is found that HFFMPs depend on the thickness of Cr interlayer. The HFFPMs are improved by Cr-interlayer with a thickness less than 12 nm (sample C1). Comparing with the Cr-interlayer-free FeCoHf single layered film (sample C0), the magnetic anisotropy field of C1 dramatically increases from 185 Oe for C0 to 558 Oe for C1. As a consequence, a high ferromagnetic resonance frequency over than 3 GHz is achieved for sample C1. When the thickness of Cr-interlayer is more than 120 nm (C2), the HFFMPs are reduced due to the increase of eddy current loss and magnetic decoupling between the ferromagnetic layers.
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Guo, Y. X., and Y. W. Zhao. "Effect of Interlayer on the Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Coating Systems." Journal of Mechanics 35, no. 3 (January 3, 2019): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2018.46.
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ABSTRACTThe finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic-plastic contact in the coating systems with interlayer. The results reveal that with the increase of interlayer thickness, the maximum shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces decreases. Moreover, the sharply changed shear stress between the interfaces of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate decreases too. There is no further decrease when interlayer thickness increase to 0.04 mm and above. With the increasing of interlayer elastic modulus, the shear stress of coating/interlayer interface decreases while the shear stress of interlayer/substrate interface increases. Meanwhile, the higher elastic modulus leads to the intensive tensile stress concentration on the interface of coating/interlayer. Hence, the interlayer with appropriate elastic modulus not only reduces the shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces but also decreases the tensile stress of coating/interlayer interface. The mechanical properties of coating systems were investigated with different interlayer yield strength. The effective hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase of interlayer yield strength, which is good to protect the substrate from the deformation. In addition, higher indentation load can lead to the decrease of effective hardness and elastic modulus.
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Zheng, T., J. M. Gibson, D. S. L. Mui, and H. Morkoç. "Optimal thickness for Si interlayer as diffusion barrier at the Si3N4/GaAs interface: A transmission electron microscopy study." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 5 (May 1995): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1126.
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Using transmission electron microscopy, we investigate Si3N4 grown in situ on GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) device structures with a Si interlayer, which has been previously shown to improve the electrical properties of field-effect transistors with Si3N4 gates on GaAs. We find that the primary role of the Si interlayer is to prevent the reaction between the nitride or nitrogen used for growth and GaAs. The interlayer thickness dependence of this microstructure, and its relationship to electrical properties, are discussed. The optimal thickness of the thin pseudomorphic Si interlayer appears to be around 0.4 nm. The growth temperature dependence of the critical thickness for morphological instability is demonstrated.
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Chen, Gang, and Li Guo Zhang. "The Analysis on the Optimum Thickness of Square Air-Interlayer in Building Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.448.
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This paper conducts a simulation study on the natural convection heat transfer process in square air-interlayer. According to the meteorological parameters in regions of hot summer and cold winter, two typical boundary temperature contrast is selected 6.5 and15 °C, using Fluent software to simulate condition of air-interlayer in 10 groups of material with thickness from 6 to 60 mm respectively to draw conclusion on how heat transfer quantity, thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient change with different thickness of the air-interlayer. The result of simulation shows that when the square air-interlayer thickness was about 20mm, the variation rate of the total heat flux and heat transfer coefficient reach a turning point. Thermal resistance will change slowly with a small numerical value after this point. Therefore, the optimum square air-interlayer thickness is 20mm. Combined with practical engineering application, it provides better technical support for research and development of energy-saving building materials.
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He, Chenwei, Guangshan Pan, Lu Xie, and Qing Peng. "Enhancement of Diffusion Assisted Bonding of the Bimetal Composite of Austenitic/Ferric Steels via Intrinsic Interlayers." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092416.
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We investigate the effect of the intrinsic interlayers on the diffusion assisted bonding properties of the austenitic steel (stainless steel 316L) and ferric steels (Low-carbon steel Q345R) in a hot rolling process by molecular dynamics simulations and experiment. The introduction of an intrinsic interlayer (Cr or Ni) widens the diffusion region, leading to enhancement of bonding. The thickness of the diffusion region enlarges with an increase of temperature, with an enhancement factor of 195% and 108%, for Cr and Ni interlayer, respectively, at the temperature of 1800 K. Further diffusion analysis reveals the unsymmetrical diffusion near the interface. Our experimental investigation evidenced our computation discovery.
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Kimura, Yutaroh, Xia Zhu, Hiromichi Toyota, Ryoya Shiraishi, Yukiharu Iwamoto, and Shinfuku Nomura. "Effect of Amorphous Silicon Carbide Interlayer on Diamond-Like Carbon Film Structure and Film Hardness." Key Engineering Materials 825 (October 2019): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.825.99.
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This study was performed to improve the adhesiveness of a diamond-like carbon (DLC, a-C:H) layer film with an a-SiC interlayer. In previous studies, an a-SiC/DLC layer film was formed and changes in the DLC film structure and hardness caused by the thickness of the a-SiC layer were examined. After the a-SiC interlayer thickness increased and the G-peak position shifted to a lower frequency, the peak began shifting to higher frequencies. The G-peak position reached a minimum frequency at a film thickness of approximately 0.3 μm. In contrast, as the thickness of the a-SiC interlayer increased, the FWHM of the G-peak position increased almost monotonically and the number of sp3 bonds also increased. As the interlayer thickness increased, the hydrogen content in the DLC film increased, and then began decreasing, with the interlayer film thickness exhibiting a local maximum at approximately 0.3 μm. As for the DLC film hardness, a correlation between the hydrogen content and half width of the G-peak position was observed. When the hydrogen content was ≤40 at%, a positive correlation with the FWHM (G) was observed, and when the hydrogen content was 40 at% or above, a negative correlation with FWHM (G) was found. The adhesiveness of the DLC film and substrate was improved by forming an a-SiC thin film as an interlayer. The effects of the a-SiC thin film on DLC film quality were determined.
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Zhang, Danning, Dirk Heider, and John W. Gillespie. "Characterization of interlayer air permeability of thermoplastic prepreg stacks." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): 731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317715089.
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An important mechanism for void air removal during oven vacuum bag processing for thermoplastic composites relies on void air flow to the part perimeters through the permeable pathways created by the rough surfaces of two adjacent prepreg layers. In this paper, the interlayer air permeability of AS4/APC2 carbon poly (ether ether ketone) thermoplastic prepreg was investigated before and after oven vacuum bag processing conditions. The permeability thickness product was measured with an experimental set-up and data reduced based on one-dimensional Darcy’s flow. The interlayer permeability exhibit directional dependency and are uniquely determined by the angle between two adjacent prepreg layers. Before oven vacuum bag processing, the principal permeability thickness products for lay-ups with included angle of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° were determined. Good agreement was achieved between the rotation matrix predicted permeability thickness products and the measured results. During processing, when temperature is above resin glass transition and below melting, the permeability of 0°/0° and 90°/90° interlayers reduces dramatically with increasing temperature and dwell time. For the 0°/90° interlayer, only a slight reduction compared to the room temperature baseline was obtained for temperature ramps up to 300℃ and dwell time up to 8 h at 240℃. The changes of the surfaces roughness were correlated to the reduction of measured permeability. The 0°/90° interlayer surface shows the evidence of fiber–fiber contact that limits the contact between layers and prevents significant drop of permeability during processing. Off-axis stacking sequences with fiber–fiber contact are advantageous for oven vacuum bag processing of large thermoplastic composite parts.
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Quy, Le Minh, and Tran Ich Thinh. "Stress analysis of ceramic coatings under spherical indentation: Influence of a metallic interlayer." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 1 (April 17, 2006): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/28/1/5475.
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Spherical indentation problems of ceramic coatings/metallic interlayer/ductile substrate were investigated numerically by axisymmetric FEA for two typical ceramic coatings with relatively high and low elastic modulus deposited on aluminum alloy and carbon steel. Various indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios were used in the modeling. Radial stress distributions were discussed in connection with model parameters. The results showed that the suitable metallic interlayer could improve resistance of ceramic coating systems through reducing the peak tensile radial stress on the surface and interface of ceramic coatings.
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LE, MINH-QUY, JIN-WO YI, and SEOCK-SAM KIM. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON CERAMIC COATINGS UNDER SPHERICAL INDENTATION WITH METALLIC INTERLAYER- PART I: UNCRACKED COATINGS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041410.
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Radial stress distribution and plastic damage zones evolution in ceramic coating/metallic interlayer/ductile substrate systems under spherical indentation were investigated numerically by axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA) for a typical ceramic coating deposited on carbon steel with various indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios. The results showed that the suitable metallic interlayer could improve resistance of ceramic coating systems through reducing the peak tensile radial stress on the surface and interface of ceramic coatings and plastic damage zone size in the substrate under spherical indentation.
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Shen, Huahai, Bing Yao, Jianwei Zhang, Xinqiao Zhu, Xia Xiang, Xiaosong Zhou, and Xiaotao Zu. "Effect of Thickness of Molybdenum Nano-Interlayer on Cohesion between Molybdenum/Titanium Multilayer Film and Silicon Substrate." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040616.
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Titanium (Ti) film has been used as a hydrogen storage material. The effect of the thickness of a molybdenum (Mo) nano-interlayer on the cohesive strength between a Mo/Ti multilayer film and a single crystal silicon (Si) substrate was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nano-indenter. Four groups of Si/Mo/Ti multilayer films with different thicknesses of Mo and Ti films were fabricated. The XRD results showed that the introduction of the Mo layer suppressed the chemical reaction between the Ti film and Si substrate. The nano-indenter scratch results demonstrated that the cohesion between the Mo/Ti film and Si substrate decreased significantly with increasing Mo interlayer thickness. The XRD stress analysis indicated that the residual stress in the Si/Mo/Ti film was in-plane tensile stress which might be due to the lattice expansion at a high film growth temperature of 700 °C and the discrepancy of the thermal expansion coefficient between the Ti film and Si substrate. The tensile stress in the Si/Mo/Ti film decreased with increasing Mo interlayer thickness. During the cooling of the Si substrate, a greater decrease in tensile stress occurred for the thicker Mo interlayer sample, which became the driving force for reducing the cohesion between the Mo/Ti film and Si substrate. The results confirmed that the design of the Mo interlayer played an important role in the quality of the Ti film grown on Si substrate.
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Taweesup, Katreeya, Ratchawadee Lertsakwanit, Jessada Jirawanichkul, Niti Yongvanich, Gobboon Lothongkum, and Patama Visuttipitukul. "Effect of Type and Coating Time of Interlayer on Properties and Morphology of Cr-Zr-N Film Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering PVD on H13 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 658 (July 2015): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.658.111.
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Adhesion, hardness and surface morphology are important properties of thin film coated by PVD. Interlayer lying between substrate and coating layer plays an important role on these properties. In this research, type and thickness of interlayer for Cr-Zr-N film are varied to investigate their effect on properties of film. Cr, Zr and mixed Cr+Zr interlayer were selected for this research. Thickness of interlayer was varied by varying coating time from 5 to 45 min. The effect of interlayer on formation of Cr-Zr-N film was analyzed by XRD. Surface morphology was observed by OM, SEM and AFM. Hardness and adhesion were measure by nanoindentation tester and scatch tester. This research found that for surface morphology and hardness, Cr+Zr is the most appropriate interlayer while Zr interlayer provides the best adhesion properties.
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WO, P. C., P. R. MUNROE, Z. F. ZHOU, Z. H. XIE, and K. Y. LI. "CROSS-SECTIONAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DEFORMED MICROSTRUCTURES IN MONOLITHIC AND MULTILAYER TiSiN/TiN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210063934.
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The deformation microstructures generated by nanoindentation of multilayer coatings consisting of TiSiN layers alternating with ten TiN interlayers, were examined by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Two multilayered coatings were studied: a thin TiSiN coating interlayered with thick TiN interlayer and a thick TiSiN coating alternated with thin TiN layers. A monolithic TiSiN coating was also examined for comparison. Surface morphology of the samples was found to be variable. Both surface roughness and coating hardness increase with the thickness of the outermost TiSiN layer. All samples show columnar structures, and for the multilayer coatings, epitaxial growth of these columnar grains through the TiSiN / TiN multilayers was observed. Stair-shaped shear cracks can be seen in the multilayer coating alternated with thick TiN interlayers, whereas radial and edge cracks are observed in the coating multilayered with thin TiN layers and in the monolithic coating. TEM analysis also suggests that columnar grains help to resist the initiation of edge cracks. Compared to other studies on similar coating systems with fewer periods of interlayers, the deformation observed here appears less severe, indicating an improvement in the strength of the coating through increasing the number of interlayers.
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Polishchuk, D. M., M. M. Kulyk, E. Holmgren, G. Pasquale, A. F. Kravets, and V. Korenivski. "Influence of Nanosize Effect and Non-Magnetic Dilution on Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Fe–Cr/Cr Nanostructures." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.10.898.
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Magnetic properties of multilayered [Fe–Cr/Cr]×8 nanostructures with the interlayer exchange coupling of the antiferromagnetic type and without the interlayer coupling have been studied. The values of the saturation magnetization and the interlayer exchange coupling constant are shown to strongly depend on the thickness and non-magnetic dilution of the Fe–Cr layers. It is found that those parameters differently affect the interlayer exchange coupling, which is explained by an interplay between the size effect (the thickness of the Fe–Cr layers) and the magnetic polarization of the Fe–Cr/Cr interfaces depending on the Fe concentration.
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Zhao, Na, Yibin Zhang, Haibin Miao, and Lixin Meng. "Study on the Creep and Fracture Evolution Mechanism of Rock Mass with Weak Interlayers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5004306.
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To study the influence of weak interlayers on the creep failure characteristics of rock masses, based on the continuous-discontinuous method (CDEM), the uniaxial compression creep experiments of rock masses containing weak layers were numerically simulated; and the weakened rock masses under different conditions were analyzed in detail. We focused on the final failure mode and creep curve of the rock mass with a weak interlayer (θ = 30°, d = 20 mm, c = 1) as examples by selecting the crack distribution state of the model during compression at different time steps. We analyzed the propagation and convergence mode of cracks in a rock mass with weak layers. The research results show that the existence of weak interlayers affects the integrity of the rock mass and the creep failure mode. With the increase in the inclination of the weak interlayer, the failure mode of the rock mass changes from shear failure through the weak layer to slip along the weak layer. For shear failure, the total strain and steady-state creep rate of the rock mass first decrease and then increase, showing a U-shaped distribution; as the thickness of the weak interlayer increases, the rock mass always follows the shear in the weak layer. Creep failure occurs on the fracture surface, and the total strain and steady-state creep rate of the rock mass are positively correlated with the thickness. If the thickness continues to increase, there is no significant difference in the creep characteristics of the rock mass; the volume occupied by the soft rock in the body increases, the overall rigidity of the rock mass decreases, and the plastic deformation increases. The form of creep failure of the rock mass changes from sliding shear failure along the weak layer to sliding shear failure through the weak interlayer. The total strain and steady-state creep rate of the rock mass increase with the increase in the number of weak layers; the greater the distance between the weak layers, the smaller the total strain and steady-state creep rate of the rock mass. The slower the crack growth rate, the less likely the rock mass to undergo creep damage.
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Kang, Dong Shik, Jung Tae Ok, Su Jeong Heo, Eun Young Choi, Myung Chang Kang, and Kwang Ho Kim. "Effects of Co, Ti Interlayer, and Post-Annealing on the Adhesion Property between TiN Coatings and WC-Co Substrate." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.281.
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In order to improve adhesion strength between TiN coatings and WC-Co substrate, two kinds of interlayer of Co and Ti were pre-deposited before TiN coating process. Thickness and postannealing effects of each interlayer on the adhesion property were investigated through scratch test in this work. Introduction of thin Ti interlayer largely enhanced the adhesion strength between TiN coatings and WC-Co substrate in scratch test. The critical load, Lc2 increased from 64 N without Ti interlayer up to 130N with Ti one of ~ 0.15 thickness. However, post-annealing of TiN/Ti/WCCo system at high temperature of 600 reduced the critical load again. The Ti interlayer caused a deficit of Co content in WC-Co substrate during annealing through diffusion of Co element into Ti interlayer. The reduction of critical load after post-annealing was believed due to diminution in mechanical properties of the substrate derived from the Co deficit in WC-Co substrate. On the other hand, introduction of thin Co interlayer of ~ 0.027 thickness also increased the critical load up to 84 N and improved failure mode, but did not reduce the critical load even after annealing, rather increased it. And, any Co deficit of the substrate was not found after annealing for TiN/Co/WC-Co system.
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Vereschaka, Alexey, Marina Volosova, Anatoli Chigarev, Nikolay Sitnikov, Artem Ashmarin, Catherine Sotova, Jury Bublikov, and Dmitry Lytkin. "Influence of the Thickness of a Nanolayer Composite Coating on Values of Residual Stress and the Nature of Coating Wear." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010063.
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The article discusses the influence of the thickness of the wear-resistant layer of the Zr-ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N nanolayer composite coating on the values of residual stress and the nature of coating wear. The study focused on coatings with wear-resistant layer thicknesses of 2.0, 4.3, 5.9, and 8.5 µm, deposited using filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition (FCVAD) technology. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method based on the anisotropy of the elasticity modulus was used to find the values of the residual stress. The nature of the formation of interlayer delamination under the influence of residual compressive stress was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When the wear-resistant layers had a thickness of 2.0–5.9 μm, tensile stress formed, which decreased with an increase in the thickness of the coating. When the thickness of a wear-resistant layer was 8.5 μm, compressive stress formed. Under the action of compressive stress, periodic interlayer delamination formed, with a pitch of about 10 binary nanolayers. A mathematical model is proposed to describe the nature of the formation of interlayer delamination under the influence of compressive residual stress, including in the presence of a microdroplet embedded in the coating structure.
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Wang, Fu Lin. "Influence Factor Research of Artificial-Interlayer Shape in Bottom-Water Heavy Oil Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1245.
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Artificial barrier morphology distribution mechanism and the EOR factors of he heavy oil reservoir with bottom water is be researched, Through numerical calculation and numerical simulation method. The model for calculating the height of the artificial-interlayer with curvilinear side surface is established. This model quantitatively describes the relationship between the artificial-interlayer height and oil yield, reservoir thickness, radial distance from well axis, reservoir permeability and crude oil viscosity. Maximum artificial-interlayer height and radius, the artificial-interlayer heights at different radial distances can be obtained according to this model. Through the case, the characteristics of artificial-interlayer form are analyzed, and rules of artificial-interlayer conformation are obtained when artificial-interlayer liquid with different volume, viscosity and race are injected. The further research are carried out through numerical simulation method, and the theoretical results are be Compared and verified which deepen the study of artificial-interlayer shape influence factor . Results show that: the volume and position of injected gel have more influence on development effect is obviously, the interlayer is designed 3M over the oil-water interface and thickness perforated is 6m is better, which provides a reference for the development of bottom-water reservoir.
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Rickhaus, Peter, Ming-Hao Liu, Marcin Kurpas, Annika Kurzmann, Yongjin Lee, Hiske Overweg, Marius Eich, et al. "The electronic thickness of graphene." Science Advances 6, no. 11 (March 2020): eaay8409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay8409.
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When two dimensional crystals are atomically close, their finite thickness becomes relevant. Using transport measurements, we investigate the electrostatics of two graphene layers, twisted by θ = 22° such that the layers are decoupled by the huge momentum mismatch between the K and K′ points of the two layers. We observe a splitting of the zero-density lines of the two layers with increasing interlayer energy difference. This splitting is given by the ratio of single-layer quantum capacitance over interlayer capacitance Cm and is therefore suited to extract Cm. We explain the large observed value of Cm by considering the finite dielectric thickness dg of each graphene layer and determine dg ≈ 2.6 Å. In a second experiment, we map out the entire density range with a Fabry-Pérot resonator. We can precisely measure the Fermi wavelength λ in each layer, showing that the layers are decoupled. Our findings are reproduced using tight-binding calculations.
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Vedrtnam, Ajitanshu, and SJ Pawar. "Experimental and simulation studies on flexural strength of laminated glass using ring-on-ring and three-point bending test." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 21 (November 24, 2017): 3930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217744815.
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Flexural strength of laminated glass is noteworthy in architectural, glazing, automotive safety, photo-voltaic, and decorative applications. The flexural strength of laminated glass samples having polyvinyl butyral/ethyl vinyl acetate interlayer of different critical thickness (0.38/0.76/1.52 mm) was determined by ring-on-ring test following the ASTM C1499-15 and also by three-point bending test (for an interlayer of 0.38 mm thickness) following the ASTM D790-03. The effect of inter-layer type and inter-layer thickness on flexural strength is evidently reported from this brief study. The significance F-statics value during regression analysis shows the strong association of flexural strength with inter-layer types and inter-layer thickness, and P-value shows that the error in the analysis is within considerable limits. It is also concluded that the laminated glass samples with polyvinyl butyral interlayer have comparatively lower load capacity than laminated glass samples with ethyl vinyl acetate interlayer for same interlayer and glass thickness. The inter-layer thickness has more prominent role in the determination of load capacity in case of ethyl vinyl acetate laminated glass samples. There is an increment in average load capacity with an increment in critical inter-layer thickness in laminated glass. A finite element analysis is also carried out for simulating the experimentation and obtaining the variation of displacements in the laminated glass samples at their load capacity. The output of the finite element analysis fairly describes the fracture pattern (based on deformation and stress) of the laminated glass samples. The conclusions may be utilized for the selection of suitable laminated glass and predicting failure of laminated glass while used in various structural, automotive and other applications.
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Zhang, Xide, Chengyi Zou, and Xiaoqi Yin. "An Experimental Study on Cold-Bending Stress and Its Reverse-Coupling Effect with the Uniform Load on Cold-Bent SGP Laminated Glass." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 10073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110073.
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SentryGlas® Plus (SGP) laminated glass is a novel type of safety glass with high strength and stiffness. On the other hand, cold bending is a novel technique to build curved glass curtain walls, and is advantageous in terms of its greater energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness as well as its simple construction processes. The cold bending of SGP laminated glass could result in broad applications for the material and provide huge economic benefits in the field of glass curtain wall construction. To study cold-bending stress and its reverse-coupling effect with the uniform load in SGP laminated glass panels, single-corner cold-bending tests, uniform load tests, and ultimate capacity tests were conducted on eight pieces of such panels with different cold-bending curvatures and interlayer thicknesses. The results revealed that cold-bending stress in the glass panels under single-corner cold bending demonstrated a saddle-shaped distribution, with the maximum and second-largest cold-bending stresses located near the corner of the short side and the long side adjacent to the cold-bending corner, respectively. The cold-bending stress and coupling stress increased nonlinearly as the cold-bending curvature rose and the interlayer thickness became greater. Moreover, cold-bending curvature was a factor that affected the cold-bending stress and coupling stress more significantly than the interlayer thickness. The ultimate capacity and ultimate deflection of the glass panels decreased as the cold-bending curvature and interlayer thickness grew.
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Choi, Hyeokjoo, Chiwon Choi, Seok Hun Kwon, Young Park, and Wonseok Choi. "Characteristics of Carbon Nanowalls According to the Indium Tin Oxide Interlayer Thickness." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3790.
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Materials with low adhesion have a limited range of applications. To solve this problem, the stress can be alleviated by inserting an interlayer between the substrate and the semiconductor material. As such, the adhesion can also be improved by depositing an interlayer between the carbon nanowall (CNW) with a low adhesive force and the substrate. In this study, indium tin oxide (ITO), whose thickness was controlled via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on the substrate, was used as an interlayer, and CNWs were grown using microwaveplasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) with a mixture of methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases. To confirm the adhesion between the CNWs and the substrate according to the thickness of the ITO interlayer, the dissociation of the CNWs was confirmed using an ultrasonic washing machine. Hall measurement was used to investigate the electrical properties. Afterwards, to analyze the change in the surface structure, contact angle analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis performed.
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Hidayat, Anjar Taufik. "THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELL BY OPTICAL AND 1D DRIFT-DIFFUSION ELECTRICAL MODELING." Indonesian Physical Review 5, no. 2 (May 12, 2022): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v5i2.149.
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Finding the best thickness combination of the active layer and the interlayer of organic solar cells is essential to optimizing and producing an efficient device. In this research, the thickness combination was graphed by two scan steps, i.e., the major scan (50 nm - interval) followed by the minor scan (10 nm - interval). The solar cell device was modeled by optical and 1D drift-diffusion modeling in the gvdm simulation software with P3HT: PCBM as the active layer and three different materials for the hole-selective layer (interlayer). The best power conversion efficiencies were 5.21, 4.14, and 5.22% when PEDOT: PSS, V2O5, and Spiro-OMeTAD were interlayer materials. The effective thickness for every interlayer material is 10 nm, while the effective thickness of the active layer is 220 nm (for PEDOT: PSS and Spiro-OMeTAD devices) and 230 nm (for V2O5 device). As a result, each device gives higher power conversion efficiency than that from the original setting of the software. Furthermore, this study's highest power conversion efficiency was higher than previously reported. These results suggest that scanning a more extensive range of layer thickness combinations is necessary to find the highest power conversion efficiency possible for every organic solar cell device
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Wang, Guozhu, Yu Wang, Lei Song, Hao Shi, Mingwei Zhang, Guotao Yuan, Qiangguo Xu, Guangda Xu, Weiqian Zhang, and Jianjun Gao. "Particle Flow Simulation of the Strength and Failure Characteristics of a Layered Composite Rock-Like Sample with a Single Hole." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071132.
Full textAbstract:
Layered rock masses with holes are common in nature. Their mechanical behavior plays an important role in the safety and stability of engineering structures. However, previous studies have concentrated on a single lithological layer, and few studies have reported on the mechanical behavior of layered rock masses with holes. Based on the concept of symmetry, uniaxial compression tests and numerical simulations were performed on rock-like specimens with three layers and a hole in the interlayer. The hole was in the center of the sample and was symmetrical up and down. The influence of the thickness and strength of the interlayer on the mechanical behavior and failure processes of the layered rock masses with holes was investigated. The results show that the peak strength and elastic modulus were associated with the thickness and strength of the interlayer. Three failure modes were observed in the specimens, which were not only related to the thickness and strength of the interlayer, but also affected by the presence of the hole. When the thickness of the interlayer is small, mainly a single failure mode was observed (tensile failure or shear failure). However, when the interlayer was thick, the failure mode was tension-shear mixed failure. The failure mechanism of the specimens was primarily crack propagation at the edge of the hole. These research results can provide a basis for site selection, and the design of surrounding rock protection and support parameters, and thus have important practical significance for improving surrounding rock stability and ensuring construction safety.
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Bodepudi, S. C., X. Wang, A. P. Singh, and S. Pramanik. "Thickness Dependent Interlayer Magnetoresistance in Multilayer Graphene Stacks." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163742.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical Vapor Deposition grown multilayer graphene (MLG) exhibits large out-of-plane magnetoresistance due to interlayer magnetoresistance (ILMR) effect. It is essential to identify the factors that influence this effect in order to explore its potential in magnetic sensing and data storage applications. It has been demonstrated before that the ILMR effect is sensitive to the interlayer coupling and the orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the out-of-plane (c-axis) direction. In this work, we investigate the role of MLG thickness on ILMR effect. Our results show that the magnitude of ILMR effect increases with the number of graphene layers in the MLG stack. Surprisingly, thicker devices exhibit field induced resistance switching by a factor of at least ~107. This effect persists even at room temperature and to our knowledge such large magnetoresistance values have not been reported before in the literature at comparable fields and temperatures. In addition, an oscillatory MR effect is observed at higher field values. A physical explanation of this effect is presented, which is consistent with our experimental scenario.
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Zhou, W. "Spin Waves Excitations of Co/Pt Multilayers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496519.
Full textAbstract:
The present work investigated interlayer couplings of [Co(20 Å)/Pt(30 Å)]5, [Co(4 Å)/Pt(7 Å)]30, and [Co(4 Å)/Pt(9 Å)]30multilayers with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Brillouin light scattering measurements were utilized to obtain spin waves of these samples with in-plane external magnetic fields. Interlayer couplings were found to be very sensitive to Pt thickness change from 7 Å to 9 Å, which implies that Pt atoms were more difficult to be polarized to provide interlayer coupling between Co layers than in the perpendicular external magnetic field situation. When Pt layer is 30 Å, the observed single spin wave can confirm the disappearance of interlayer coupling even when Co layer thickness is 20 Å.