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De Vrieze, Franklin. "The South-East European Cooperation Process and Its New Parliamentary Assembly: Regional Dialogue in Action." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 11, no. 2-3 (March 11, 2016): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341341.
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This article analyses the contribution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the South-East European Cooperation Process (seecp) to regional dialogue among parliamentarians. First, it examines the transformation of the seecp Parliamentary Dimension into a Parliamentary Assembly (seecp pa). Second, the article analyses two case studies: the participation of Kosovo in the seecp pa; and the establishment of a Secretariat for the seecp pa. These two case studies are selected because they have given rise to intensive political dialogue, thus providing a basis for the conduct of parliamentary diplomacy. They demonstrate the potential contribution of the seecp Parliamentary Dimension to conflict resolution, while acknowledging the dependence of the Parliamentary Assembly on the political processes handled through intergovernmental diplomacy. The article shows the limited, although positive, impact of the institutionalisation of this Parliamentary Assembly on parliamentary relations in South-East Europe.
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Hansen, Ingrid K. "INNOVATIVE PROCEDURES FOR NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-351.
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ABSTRACT The State of Texas has developed an innovative scheme for resolving contentious issues in assessing natural resource damages from coastal oil spills. The Texas statute and regulations provide for mediation among state natural resource trustees to resolve differences among them when assessing natural resource damages. The state trustees have formally signed a memorandum of agreement to institute mediation whenever they have disputes about any aspect of damage assessment in a case. The statute and regulations also require the responsible person (the spiller) to mediate any disagreement about the assessment as a prerequisite to the jurisdiction of any court. This provision gives both the trustees and the responsible person an opportunity to reach a negotiated agreement without initiating expensive and lengthy litigation. The regulations implementing damage assessment procedures and protocols were developed through the use of a negotiated rulemaking process. This process brought together representatives from state trustee agencies, the regulated community, and citizen environmental groups. The Texas statute and rules require the state natural resource trustees to invite the responsible person to participate in all phases of the damage assessment process. By specifically providing for a negotiated assessment process, this provision encourages cooperation and discourages duplication and withholding of vital information. The regulations are designed to encourage the trustees and the responsible person to coordinate information, studies, and assessment procedures. The goal is to initiate restoration of the injured resources as quickly as possible without a “battle of the experts.” The regulations require the state trustees to coordinate their assessment activities in conjunction with federal natural resource trustees. The obvious benefits of the arrangement are to promote intergovernmental cooperation and coordination and to allow the responsible person to deal with a unified trustee response to damage assessment. The benefits to all parties are the swift initiation of restoration actions, efficient use of expended funds, and an open process.
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Sehic, Andrea. "Government’s involvement in regional policy and development in the state of Ohio, USA." Spatium, no. 19 (2009): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0919051s.
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Brownfield redevelopment has been playing a leading role in urban development in the state of Ohio for some time now. Being one of the most industrialized states in the US, Ohio has been struggling for a long time with numerous consequences of businesses that were shutting down, moving out of Ohio, or restructuring. The State officials have been addressing and taking care of these issues very carefully, and with a lot of concern and attention. Furthermore, the officials have been cooperating on all levels of government, which created a very positive and encouraging environment for successful redevelopment projects. The State has been focusing on comparative advantages of regions, and assisting where the demand is. The State has also been encouraging regional development by providing programs especially designed for ones in need, or valuing projects that propose a regional component/strategy. With establishing public-private partnerships between applicants and the government as the fund provider, a very important way of cooperation is established, and maintained, throughout the funding process. With the evident burden that brown fields impose on all participants in the process of redevelopment, it is sometimes difficult to see the overall benefit of such actions. The crucial role of government?s support has proved to be the key to successful implementation of brown field projects. Enabling continuous flow of funds, establishing intergovernmental relations, along with enabling public-private partnerships, and tightly linking the participants in the process of redevelopment resulted in successfully completed projects, which brought new life and brighter perspective to communities that haven?t been able to struggle through this complex process on their own.
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Malichenko, V. S. "The Rise of International Health Law." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2021-4-6-20.
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INTRODUCTION. Over the past decades under the influence of demographic processes, economic shocks, morbidity increase and other systemic problems a whole spectrum of threats to health has gradually formed at the international level, characterized by severe socio-economic consequences for each country regardless of the welfare level. Today, the challenges of ensuring universal coverage of services, access to safe, quality medicines, control of health care costs, effective response to health emergencies, antibiotic resistance are not limited by the WHO regulations, but are included in the agenda of the UN, ILO, FAO and other intergovernmental organizations. The need to form a unified approach to regulate activities of numerous participants in international healthcare regulation has served as an incentive for the gradual development of international legal regulation of the field of health protection, becoming the subject of study by leading legal scholars, as well as international organizations. The presented article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main historical stages in the development of international cooperation in the field of health protection, which served as the basis for the formation of international health law in the field of health protection as a new branch of international law. Special attention in the article is paid to the assessment of the role of globalization processes in changing the nature of threats to human and public health and their impact on the formation of global health governance concept. Based on the systemic problems that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, the author formulated the main directions for improving the international legal regulation of the health sector.MATERIALS AND METHODS. During article preparation the following document were studied: acts of a universal and regional nature, resolutions of international organizations, legal positions of UN specialized agencies, as well as professional scientific associations. The theoretical basis of the research are the scientific works of national and foreign scientists in the field of international law and international relations in the field of health protection. The article was prepared using the general scientific method of cognition, including the formal logical and situational method and private law methods, such as comparative, historical and formal legal methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. Within the framework of the study, a conclusion was formulated about the formation of "international health law" as a new branch of international law, uniting international legal norms and principles governing the relations of subjects of international law, as well as other participants in international relations in the field of human health. In the work, the author presents the main sources of "international health law" and formulates the subject of regulation of this branch of law.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Describing the features of international cooperation in the field of health protection, expressed in an increase in the number of involved international organizations and other participants which are not subjects of international law, the author substantiates the formation of the concept of global health management and analyzes the main scientific publications in this area. Having studied the nature of health threats that have formed over the past decade under the influence of globalization processes, as well as the systematic problems of international cooperation demonstrated by the coronavirus pandemic, the authors emphasize the need to implement the repeatedly proposed initiative to develop a universal act that forms the basis of international legal regulation of health protection.
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Botterill, Linda Courtenay. "Managing Intergovernmental Relations in Australia: The Case of Agricultural Policy Cooperation." Australian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 2 (June 2007): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00527.x.
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Abbott, Frederick M. "NAFTA and the Legalization of World Politics: A Case Study." International Organization 54, no. 3 (2000): 519–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551316.
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I examine the trend toward using hard legal instruments in international trade governance and explain this trend in the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). I suggest that hard law (1) reduces intergovernmental transaction costs, (2) reduces private risk premiums associated with trade and investment, (3) promotes transparency and provides corollary participation benefits, (4) tends to restrain strategic political behaviors, and (5) may increase the range of integration effects by encouraging private actors to enforce intergovernmental obligations. I compare the legalization model of NAFTA with those of the European Union (EU) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum.
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Fessha, Yonatan T. "Intergovernmental cooperation, divided societies and capital cities: The case of the Ethiopian capital." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 53, no. 1 (2020): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2020-1-12.
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Some call it Addis Ababa. Others call it Finfinnee. That is the capital city of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. “What’s in a name?” In fact, the name is at the centre of the row over the federal capital. Those who opt to refer the capital as Finfinnee claim that the capital belongs to the Oromo. Those that stick to the official name, Addis Ababa, reject the language of ownership. But this is not merely a fight over history. It is a constitutional politics that has gripped the federation. The debate over the Ethiopian capital brings to fore the question about the place of capital cities in multi-ethnic federations. Using the Ethiopian capital as a case study, this article investigates how capital cities can manage the tension between the accommodation of diverse communities and the indigeneity argument that is often used as a basis to claim ownership. The article argues that the mediation of tensions can be best addressed through the framework of intergovernmental cooperation.
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Kozheurov, Ya S., and E. S. Teymurov. "Institutional Models of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation (Based on the Case Study of Marine Scientific Research)." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.119-130.
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The institutional model of international scientific and technical cooperation in the field of marine scientific research characterizes the status and activities of subjects. It is mainly expressed in the establishment of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. European research infrastructure consortia act as an independent institutional model.Institutional models of international scientific and technical cooperation can be divided into ecosystem-based and collaborative models. Ecosystem-based models only create the necessary legal, organizational, economic and other conditions for international cooperation and joint marine scientific research. Collaborative models are created directly for international scientific research. There is no strict border between them, but while the former are mainly focused on creating the necessary environment and conditions for simplifying and strengthening international scientific and technical cooperation, the latter mainly adapt the developed mechanisms of interaction to the needs of a particular project.As ecosystem-type models, the UNESCO IOC and SСOR make the most visible contribution to the formation of regulatory and organizational conditions for the implementation of international projects in the field of ocean research and their financing. They involve a significant number of bodies and programs of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, specialized national scientific institutions, related structures and individual scientists. Collaborative institutional models, such as the European research infrastructure consortium "The European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC)" and GRID-Arendal, carry out international research projects and act as a unifying platform for various research institutions and scientists, based largely on the organizational, financial and structural basis developed by ecosystem models.
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Beyers, Jan, Tom Delreux, and Caroline Steensels. "The Europeanisation of intergovernmental cooperation and conflict resolution in Belgium: The case of agriculture." Perspectives on European Politics and Society 5, no. 1 (January 2004): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15705850408438881.
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Voitsikhovskyi, Andrii, Oleksandr Bakumov, Olena Ustymenko, and Mykola Marchuk. "The Legal Mechanisms of Ensuring Regional Cooperation in Combatting Crime Within the Framework of the Council of Europe: Experience of Ukraine." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 13, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/cejiss.a130101.
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Implementation of legal reform in Ukraine, the content of which can be defined as a gradual movement towards a democratic and rule of law state, makes the problem of counteraction to crime especially relevant. Nowadays it is the object of broad regulatory measures, in particular, international and legal regulation of cooperation between states in combatting crime. The multifaceted nature of modern international relations in one way or another causes expansion of the spheres of cooperation between states in counteracting crime, which requires universal and regional international cooperation. It is quite clear that universal international cooperation cannot cover all aspects of the cooperation of states. Regional international cooperation helps to get more effective cooperation between states located in the same geographic region. Cooperation of the states at the regional level in combatting crime is mainly carried out in the framework established by regional international organizations of both general and special competence. The regional level of international cooperation allows the states to react promptly to any manifestations in the criminal sphere that pose a threat of the international nature. In this case, the mechanism of such a cooperation and elements of control, as a rule, have a great degree of specificity and details. Regional international organizations in Europe have a great deal of experience in intergovernmental cooperation in the field of combatting crime, which is explained by the historically established process of economic and political integration. The problem of counteracting crime is given considerable attention within the Council of Europe, which is the most representative European intergovernmental organization established on May 5, 1949, aimed at achieving greater unity between its members in order to preserve and realize the ideals and principles that are their common good, as well as to promote their economic and social progress. The Council of Europe is a purely European organization, with 47 Member States.
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MCMICHAEL, TAYLOR C. "When Formulas Go Political: The Curious Case of Japan's Financial Index." Japanese Journal of Political Science 18, no. 3 (August 4, 2017): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109917000093.
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AbstractScholars of distributive politics in Japan have shifted from large items in the general account budget to more geographically targeted spending known as intergovernmental transfers. However, a portion of the funds sent to prefectural governments are ostensibly determined by the apolitical ‘financial index’. However, even though the financial index is included in most studies of intergovernmental transfers, only slight attention focuses on the financial index and its determination. Using prefectural level data on intergovernmental transfers, economic indicators and electoral support for the LDP, this research shows that the LDP possesses strong incentives to manipulate the index and that politics is a significant determinant of the financial index.
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Kory, Delores N. "Coordinating Intergovernmental Policies on Emergency Management in a Multi-Centered Metropolis." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 16, no. 1 (March 1998): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709801600102.
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In the intervening years since Hurricane Andrew in August 1992, there have been studies by federal agencies and the Academy of Public Administration, changes in Florida statutes, assessments of the affected counties, a strengthened directive of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in training activities, and legislative and executive orders to link the levels of government. The emerging problem is how to effect cooperation in a multi-centered county with multiple municipalities, more communities seeking incorporation, and only unincorporated areas under direct county control. The problem is not for the threat of hurricanes alone. It is for the many potential disasters, natural and man-made, which may be addressed with incident command systems at the local level, but may also need mechanisms to coordinate county, regional, state, or national responses. The counties in southeast Florida are a true megalopolis and officials are slowly recognizing that intergovernmental cooperation is imperative. This article examines the issue and provides data on local support for regional efforts in southeast Florida.
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Tannam, Etain. "Intergovernmental and Cross-Border Civil Service Cooperation: The Good Friday Agreement and Brexit." Ethnopolitics 17, no. 3 (May 27, 2018): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1472422.
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Zhao, Zhihua, and Olga Gordyachkova. "Chinese Direct Investments in the Russian Far East Economy." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(2).101-109.
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The Far East is traditionally very attractive to Chinese business. The region has everything to attract Chinese investments: geographic proximity, accumulated experience of cooperation, differences in economic development and factors of complementarity. All these facts have an impact on the economic ties of the Russian Far East and the PRC. In theory, the Far East should become the main beneficiary of the strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing. Currently, the four southern regions of the Russian Far East demonstrate different models of China’s economic activity, depending on the historical background and the level of economic development. The bulk of Chinese investment in the Russian economy comes from intergovernmental cooperation, especially in the energy sector and large infrastructure projects, while there are few private investors from China. Therefore, Chinese investors face the problem of transforming their activities and looking for new business opportunities. This paper systematizes the main projects of Russian-Chinese investment cooperation carried out through intergovernmental agreements, as well as investigates the dynamics of direct investment from China. Despite the positive trend, it was revealed that the total amount of accumulated investments is decreasing with debt instruments being the main share of it. In the northern regions of the Far East, the activity of Chinese investors is practically excluded. The authors identify the main problems of Russian-Chinese investment cooperation in the Far East based on the analysis of Russian and foreign studies.
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Brown, Josh, Phill Jones, Alice Meadows, and Fiona Murphy. "Building resilience through cooperation: Two case studies." Learned Publishing 34, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/leap.1354.
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Shchyptsov, O. A. "Prospects of exchange of marine technology in the field of ecological and oceanological research." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 22 (December 3, 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.22.2018.11.
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“Global Ocean Science Report: The Current Status of Ocean Science around the World” published in 2017 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO was a first consolidated assessment of the ocean science and was intended to show the current status of the science in question. One of the important points of the report was a statement that sharing infrastructure and development of new technologies will reduce the cost of field expeditions and stimulate the scientific potential of the countries participating in international cooperation.
The article studies the possibility of sharing marine technologies associated with marine research activities. It considers the possibility of application of some of the Criteria and Guidelines of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) when sharing the marine technology in the field of ecological and oceanographic research based on the provisions of international conventions, resolutions, documents of the United Nations General Assembly and IOC-UNESCO. Special attention is drawn to UN General Assembly Resolution “Oceans and the law of the sea" which mentions the issue of marine technology transfer.
The article studies the definition of the term “marine technology” in the context of the IOC's Criteria and Guidelines on the transfer of marine technology. It determines that the term “marine technology” covers a wide range of subjects including information and data, manuals, guidelines, criteria, standards, reference materials, observation facilities and equipment, computers and computer software, expertise, know-how and analytical methods related to marine scientific research and observation.
The article also presents the results of the scientific and practical seminar "International Cooperation in the Field of Marine Scientific Research – an Important Factor in the Development of Black Sea Regional Projects of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and European Union" which took place in Kyiv on October 19, 2017.
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Xiong, Chenxi. "Deng Xiaoping’s Views on Science and Technology: Origins of the Sino-U.S. Science and Technology Cooperation, 1977–1979." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 28, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-28020005.
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Abstract In the late 1970s, after the tumultuous period of the Cultural Revolution, the policy of the government of the People’s Republic of China (prc) in terms of scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with the United States changed from rejection and exclusion to active participation and promotion. In this process, ideas and views played an important role. The outlook of the Chinese leadership and particularly Deng Xiaoping on science redefined China’s national interests, turning the promotion of Sino-U.S. science and technology cooperation into an active policy of the Chinese government. During the 1970s, the two countries conducted large-scale intergovernmental cooperation in the field of civil science and technology, signed the agreement on scientific and technological cooperation and dozens of memorandums of understanding and protocols, and finally, in 1979, established a long-term scientific and technological cooperation system. The article explores Sino-American relations through the prism of scientific and technological cooperation, showing how this contributed to creating long-term friendly relations beyond other high politics issues.
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Rosén, Guri, and Marianne Riddervold. "Beyond Intergovernmental Cooperation: The Influence of the European Parliament and the Commission on EU Foreign and Security Policies." European Foreign Affairs Review 20, Issue 3 (October 1, 2015): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2015034.
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Although the Lisbon Treaty removed the pillar structure, the Member States have kept the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) as an intergovernmental instrument, run by special procedures. At the same time, the reality of this description is increasingly questioned in the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy literature. However, the role of supranational institutions in the CFSP remains to be studied systematically. There are no empirical studies that try to capture the de facto involvement and influence of both the Commission and the European Parliament (EP) in the CFSP. Aiming to contribute to fill this gap in the literature, this article explores if and in what way the involvement and influence of the Commission and EP testify to the claim that the CFSP has moved beyond intergovernmental cooperation. Our findings challenge the way we conventionally perceive of EU foreign policy cooperation as a policy-area firmly placed in the hands of Member States’ executives. Although the Member States formally remain in position to veto all final decisions, the EP and Commission’s involvement and influence on CFSP decision-making questions the reality of this right. Our analysis thus questions whether decision-making within the CFSP is as special as a reading of the treaties might suggest.
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STEFFEK, JENS. "Explaining cooperation between IGOs and NGOs – push factors, pull factors, and the policy cycle." Review of International Studies 39, no. 4 (December 11, 2012): 993–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000393.
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AbstractThe ever closer collaboration between intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is empirically well described but poorly theorised. In this article I develop a general theoretical framework for analysing emergent patterns of cooperation between IGOs and NGOs, which may be used to generate hypotheses or guide comparatives studies. The starting point is a conception of organisational actors as purposeful but resource-dependent. The article then combines a ‘resource exchange perspective’ from organisational sociology with the model of a policy cycle from comparative politics. The result is a theoretical framework that allows to identify incentives for, as well as obstacles to, IGO-NGO cooperation along all phases of the policy cycle. In a concluding section the limits of this model and the underlying assumptions are discussed.
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Woo, Yang-Ho, and Sang-Goo Kim. "Successful Conditions for Intergovernmental Cooperation Project in Border Region: A Case Study of Singapore-Malaysia Water Relationship." Korean Journal of Local Government Studies 24, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20484/klog.24.3.1.
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NEWCOMB, TIM. "The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions." Environmental Conservation 26, no. 3 (September 1999): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892999000247.
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Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).
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Rutto, Andrew, David Minja, and George Kosimbei. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Decentralization Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of SNGs in Kenya." SDMIMD Journal of Management 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2022/29505.
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<p>Intergovernmental fiscal transfer is a pillar of fiscal decentralization initiatives in developing and transition economies. These transfers serve several functions that include: correcting the vertical and the horizontal fiscal balances, compensating or offsetting for the spill-overs or externalities between different jurisdictions, funding national priorities and administrative priorities and capacities of the national. However, SNGs in developing countries particularly in Sub-saharan Africa is struggling with fiscal decentralization initiatives due to the lowered potential of local revenue generation. Due to these gaps in studies on Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers (IGFT) in devolved government structures, the study evaluated how IGFT is organized and structured in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive design and undertook a review of publicly available data which was supported by interviews of selected directors from the budget, finance and planning departments in three county governments of Baringo, Kiambu and Vihiga. The study established that intergovernmental fiscal transfers make up 87 per cent of SNG revenues, equalization fund is about 2 per cent while own source revenues make up 10 per cent. Other revenue sources are conditional transfers in form of ad hoc and cost-reimbursement approaches from both the national government and development partners. Regarding intergovernmental fiscal transfers, the national government should disburse funds in a timely and efficient manner to enable county governments to fulfil their mandates. The study makes the following conclusions; there is an overreliance on intergovernmental fiscal transfers by SNGs and this might constrain their capacity to provide services and impede devolution initiatives; the formula-based unconditional grant in Kenya offers great prospects for devolution and the rise in unconditional transfers portends well for SNGs. The study recommends that SNGs speed up the legal mechanism for identifying and classifying and assigning local revenues, the national government should consider introducing or substituting fiscal transfers with the tax-sharing arrangement to incentivize revenue diversification among SNGs and lastly, SNGs should consider pooling of resources to incorporate special purpose vehicles for sub-national government borrowing. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by delving more into the elements of fiscal decentralization and in particular intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Recommendations for further studies include studies on how other elements of decentralization impact the performance of the counties, how decentralization is improving governance at the local level and how the East African Community may affect governance and service delivery at the sub-national levels.</p>
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Mizo, Robert. "India, China and Climate Cooperation." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 72, no. 4 (December 2016): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928416677474.
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India and China—two of the largest emitters today—share common concerns arising from climate change. Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and several other studies have concluded that the two countries face imminent threat in the form of ecological degradation, food and water scarcity, agricultural shifts, health hazards, etc. due to climate change. In addition, India and China have shared national circumstances as developing countries. Both nations face serious third world challenges such as socio-economic development, poverty eradication, and health and food security concerns in their respective home fronts. Home to approximately one third of the global population, the developmental needs and aspirations of these countries are enormous and certainly bound to be further complicated by the effects of climate change. India and China have emerged as key players in the international climate change negotiations voicing the concerns of the developing world and ensuring that issues of equity and justice are incorporated in any climate change related international agreement. Given the commonalities of the problems faced by these countries, India and China have embarked on halting yet deliberate climate diplomacy over the years. The core concern of this article is to explore the nature and extent to which India and China have developed cooperative engagement on climate change both at the bilateral as well as the multilateral levels. The article would also seek to analyse the challenges that stand in the way to this cooperative endeavour. Prospects for further cooperation would be explored in the final section.
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Tomàs, Mariona. "Explaining Metropolitan Governance. The Case of Spain." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 75, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0445-0.
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Abstract In this paper I examine the characteristics of metropolitan governance in Spain. In the first part, I briefly analyse the different theoretical conceptions and the existing models of metropolitan governance in Europe. I argue that metropolitan governance is explained by the interrelations between the specific institutional context (intergovernmental system) and political culture (attitudes towards metropolitan cooperation). This institutional milieu sets the conditions for the action of political actors and favours the existence of a specific model of metropolitan governance. In the second part, I study the case of Spain, which is interesting for two main reasons. First, it exemplifies well one of the problems of metropolitan governance: the permanent gap between institutions and the process of metropolitanization. Second, in Spain there is a diversity of models of metropolitan governance, which is useful to analyse the reasons for this variation. To do so, I focus on five urban areas (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao and Sevilla), analysing their models of metropolitan governance and particularly their degree of institutionalization and the type of institutional arrangements that have been made.
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Nolte, Detlef. "Costs and Benefits of Overlapping Regional Organizations in Latin America: The Case of the OAS and UNASUR." Latin American Politics and Society 60, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 128–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2017.8.
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AbstractThis article investigates whether the overlapping of intergovernmental regional organizations in Latin America with regard to membership and mandate is harmful or beneficial to regional cooperation (with a special focus on mediation in domestic and international conflicts). The article begins by systematizing the discussion about the possible risks and potential benefits of overlapping regional organizations, and then outlines hypotheses that can be tested in concrete episodes of overlap of action. The article then analyzes nine episodes in which an overlap of action has occurred between two Latin American organizations, the Organization of American States (OAS) and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). The results of the study are mixed. However, the effects of overlapping seem to be much less problematic than a large body of literature generally assumes.
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Junbo, Jian, Chen Zhimin, and Chen Diyu. "The Provinces and China’s Multi-Layered Diplomacy: The Cases of GMS and Africa." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 5, no. 4 (2010): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119110x529203.
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AbstractChina’s diplomacy has become increasingly multi-layered, as provinces and cities step up efforts to expand their networks and involvement in foreign affairs. This article aims to provide a general picture about how Chinese provinces feature in the overall Chinese foreign policy system. Specifically, the article uses two cases to illustrate how such a multi-layered diplomatic system functions to meet the interests of the national and local governments. The first case discusses the role of Yunnan province in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Economic Cooperation. Yunnan’s involvement in GMS as a local actor demonstrates how cross-border cooperation has served local developmental interest as well as China’s national foreign policy goals. It also gave rise to a new form in China’s multi-layered diplomacy, namely multi-layered multilateral diplomacy. The second case is the engagement of China’s provinces in Africa. The article identifies Chinese provinces’ roles in Africa as traders, investors, aid providers and intergovernmental actors. The article also discusses how foreign countries and China itself should cope with China’s new multi-layered engagement in international affairs.
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Domínguez Castro, Luis, and José Ramón Rodríguez Lago. "Institutionalizing cultural Europeanism: between transnationalism and national identity (1948-1954)." Culture & History Digital Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): e009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.009.
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Cultural Europeanism is a variant of the process of European integration attested within the framework of the Cold War. It will be mostly anti-communist, although it will couch elements favouring West-East dialogue. The governments will promote an intergovernmental model based on multilateral cooperation and national identity, and put into practice in institutions such as the Western Union or the Council of Europe. Non-governmental organizations, such as the European Movement, will be committed to a more transnational model based on the affirmation and promotion of the idea of Europe through institutions such as the College of Europe, the European Centre for Culture or the European Cultural Foundation. Within cultural Europeanism, networks of secondary institutionalization, such as educational seminars, ended up having as much or more impact than the primary entities from which they emerged.
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Li, Ling, Yao Song, and Zhiqiang Zhang. "A Tripartite Game Analysis of Environmental Pollution Control Based on Complicated Intergovernmental Relations." Complexity 2021 (August 21, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8148799.
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An excellent ecological environment is conducive for improving economic benefits and social benefits. The environmental pollution control requires the cooperation of governments at all levels and a large amount of capital investment. However, under the system with Chinese characteristics, the intergovernmental relations present complex and dynamic characteristics: the central government is authoritative, the local governments are obedient and self-interested, and the environmental pollution control usually involves multiple government departments, while it has strong externality, which makes it easy to breed “free rider” behavior in the process of environmental pollution control. Therefore, the cross-regional environmental pollution control cooperation model of governments at all levels is a complex and worthwhile research problem. Based on this, the paper studies a tripartite game problem of environmental pollution control from both horizontal and vertical intergovernmental relations. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation was used to obtain the optimal effort strategy, environmental pollution control level, and environmental pollution losses under the Nash game model, the Stackelberg game model, and the Cooperative game model. The results show the following: firstly, the governments’ environmental pollution control efforts are positively related to their own execution ability and influence ability and negatively related to the cost coefficient; secondly, from the perspectives of environmental pollution control level and environmental pollution losses, the Cooperative game model is superior to the Nash game model and the Stackelberg game; thirdly, this paper analyzes the relationship between the loss-bearing ratio, the special financial funds, the effort level of government, and the environmental pollution control level; finally, the conclusions are verified by numerical analysis, which proves the validity of the models.
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Huelshoff, Michael G. "A "Privileged Partnership?" Franco-German Relations and the Development of EU Social Policy." American Review of Politics 16 (November 1, 1995): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1995.16.0.253-276.
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The revival of European Union studies has, to date, been guided primarily by intergovernmental theories of regional integration. This essay examines one intergovernmental model of regional integration, namely coalition building between France and Germany. In a case study of EU social policy, it is found that the trajectory of policy-making is not consistent with the predictions of the coalition version of intergovemmentalism. Rather, models of regional integration should pay more attention to the domestic politics of members to better explain their behavior at the European level.
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Mubarok, Muhammad Husni, Abdillah Arif Nasution, Sambas Ade Kesuma, and Widyawati Pangestu. "Local government financial performance: the effects of capital expenditure and intergovernmental revenue (The case of South Sumatra Province, Indonesia)." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 9, no. 6 (February 28, 2022): 503–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v9i6.11364.
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The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of capital expenditure and intergovernmental revenue on local government financial performance in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The result is expected to extend the knowledge about local government financial performance and different relevance of financial performance factors. Data on seventeen districts/cities in South Sumatra Province during 2014-2018 were used to test the research model. The data is sourced from the financial reports of the district/city government of South Sumatra province and the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical results showed that capital expenditure is statistically positive and has a significant effect on the financial performance of local governments. Meanwhile, the intergovernmental revenue is negative and significantly affects local government financial performance. Future studies should consider various variables that may influence the financial performance of local governments. Future studies could also use different methodologies such as focus groups and interviews.
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YÁÑEZ, CLEMENTE J. NAVARRO, ANNICK MAGNIER, and M. ANTONIA RAMÍREZ. "Local Governance as Government-Business Cooperation in Western Democracies: Analysing Local and Intergovernmental Effects by Multi-Level Comparison." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 32, no. 3 (September 2008): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00816.x.
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Baldi, Brunetta. "Il federalismo competitivo: l'Italia in prospettiva comparata." TEORIA POLITICA, no. 2 (October 2009): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tp2009-002005.
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- The article analyses the most recent reforms of Italian regionalism using the theory of competitive federalism as opposed to cooperative federalism. Although new competitive dynamics are developing with main reference to asymmetrical regionalism and fiscal federalism, the article shows the coexistence of competitive and cooperative institutional arrangements. Taking a comparative perspective the case of Italy portrays similarities to those of Germany and Spain: German cooperative federalism is more and more challenged by the developing of competitive dynamics between the Western and Eastern Länder as well as Spanish competitive regionalism is opening up to intergovernmental cooperation to assure policy coordination. As a whole the article provides an analytical framework to guide future empirical research.
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Balogh, Péter. "Cooperation in conflict." Belvedere Meridionale 30, no. 4 (2018): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2018.4.7.
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Social embeddedness may ensure a facilitating context for cooperation and the opportunity of individual actors to harmonize their interests. In a corresponding social setting coalitions can be formed that have the potential to support goal-attainment. By outlining a brief theoretical frame we intend to apply the concept of social embeddedness and cooperation in the rather specific field of international conflicts. We introduce two case studies investigating the structure of the global coalition of the war on terrorism, and the long-term trends of terrorist attacks and the international cooperation network of terrorist organizations. Based on the results of the case studies we seek to shed some light empirically on the patterns and outcomes of cooperation and coalition building.
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Kilduff. "TIED UP IN KNOTS? CASE STUDIES OF COOPERATION IN TEAMS." American Journal of Psychology 127, no. 1 (2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.127.1.0133.
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Hophmayer-Tokich, Sharon, and Nurit Kliot. "Inter-municipal cooperation for wastewater treatment: Case studies from Israel." Journal of Environmental Management 86, no. 3 (February 2008): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.015.
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Matveev, Alexandr, and A. Metelkov. "Development of an information exchange system in the interests of supporting security in the Russian Federation Arctic zone." National Security and Strategic Planning 2021, no. 4 (January 29, 2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2022-2021-4-12-19.
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A complex analysis of the security situation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation shows the limited independent capabilities of the EMERCOM of Russia in solving the problems of search and rescue at sea area across the entire width of territorial waters. An effective method for organizing search and rescue at sea in the Arctic can be interagency and intergovernmental cooperation based on the Agreement on Cooperation in Aviation and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic and the Polar Code. In order to increase the efficiency of the tasks being solved, it is proposed to strengthen the coordinating role of the control bodies of functional and territorial subsystems in their search and rescue activities in internal waters and the territorial sea. The authors proposed a solution consisting of the integration of information resources of information and coordination centers in Murmansk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with the information capabilities of the functional subsystems of the EMERCOM of Russia and equipping Arctic complex emergency rescue centers with ice-class ships.
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Davis, Glyn, and Helen Silver. "Intergovernmental Relations and the Role of Senior Officials: Two Case Studies and Some Lessons Learned." Australian Journal of Public Administration 74, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12171.
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Meshkova, Tatyana A., Vladimir S. Izotov, Olga V. Demidkina, and Jurij C. Kofner. "THE EAEU IN A CHANGING GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT: PRIORITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-1-7-33.
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The article focuses on the international activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) as an actor in the global economy with a full-fledged legal standing. It analyzes the current state of Eurasian integration within international cooperation and spotlights its correlations with intergovernmental organizations and integration associations. By means of examining the Eurasian Economic Commission’s (EEC’s) regulatory documents, the Main Directions of the EAEU International Activities for 2019 and the agenda of the Russian EAEU presidency in 2018, the author determines key conceptual approaches to evaluation and prognosis of the EAEU integration strategy. By applying comparative analysis, the author studies the experience of other integration associations relevant to the EAEU. The article determines the highestpotential models of EAEU international cooperation with due regard to the unstable global economic and geopolitical context. The author points out priority directions of the EAEU cooperation with an eye on strategic interests of the Russian Federation, differentiating them according to geographic areas of focus and taking into account the current state, risks and opportunities. The author concludes the article by giving recommendations on the implementation of the international agenda of the EAEU on a long-, midand short-term horizon. The author offers her ideas on further development of the EAEU international cooperation with a view to maximizing economic benefits for both Russia and the Union with future partnership in mind.
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Campbell, Joseph T., Linda M. Lobao, and Michael R. Betz. "Collaborative Counties: Questioning the Role of Civil Society." Economic Development Quarterly 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242417710497.
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Local governments face increased pressure to collaborate with one another to provide services aimed at increasing economic development. While scholars and practitioners share interest in intergovernmental collaboration, past studies have rarely questioned the role of civil society. Based on the social capital literature, a robust local civil society with high rates of volunteerism and civic engagement should facilitate local government cooperation. Using unique primary data from county governments across the United States, the authors question the degree to which local civil society influences collaborative behavior. The authors further contrast civil society’s influence relative to that of private business interests. This study provides modest evidence for the role of civil society. Rather, the findings suggest that collaboration is greatest where business involvement in development is higher and public participation tends toward more “token” policies (i.e., citizen input mechanisms) rather than organized, citizen group involvement in decision making.
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Orlandi, Eugenio. "Corporate Governance in EU Agencies: The Europol Case." International Journal of Operations Management 1, no. 4 (July 2021): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijom.2757-0509.2020.14.4004.
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There is a trend in government to establish semi-autonomous public organizations, “Agencies”, to carry out public tasks, implement policies, regulate markets and policy sectorsor deliver public services. Once an Agency is established, it is necessary to ensure proper governance. Object of this paper is to answer three Research Questions. RQ1: “Is EU Agencies governance subject to change over time”? If the answeris “Yes”, a second question (RQ2) pops up: ‘Why EU Agencies’ governance is subject to change?” Last but not least, change has to be implemented. The topic is developed in relation to the choice made by the European Union,the one-size-fits-all modelthat makes the work of controllers simple. Are we sure that such a model“is the best choice for EU Agencies’ governance?” (RQ3). If RQ1 is self-evident, more interesting are RQ2 and RQ3 because explain the nature of change (Why) and How change was introduced. In this quest, the tasks assigned to the Board of Directors and the Executive Directorare mapped against Agencies’ mission. In the case of the European Police Office, in eight years three founding acts-an international Convention, a Council decision and a Regulation - have changed the tasks of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Directorin line with the evolution of the political scenari: from intergovernmental cooperation to a policy assigned by the Lisbon Treatyto the European Union.
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Burzykowska, Anna. "Transnational Satellite Technology Transfers – European Case Studies." Air and Space Law 32, Issue 2 (April 1, 2007): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2007015.
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This article illustrates the mechanisms regulating the transnational transfer of satellite technology in Europe on international, regional and national level. The author attempts to define binding political determinants, legal prerequisites, benefits and weaknesses of current practices and the impact of the commercialization of the space sector on the current scheme of transnational technology transfers within the short and long-term perspectives. Moreover the existing multilateral ‘dual use’ export control regimes and three national case studies are used to visualize the balance between the theory and practice of European regional cooperation in space.
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Valkovičová, Veronika. "The Struggle of Benchmarking and Ranking Gender Equality: The Case of the European Institute for Gender Equality." Croatian International Relations Review 23, no. 77 (March 1, 2017): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cirr-2017-0001.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to explore the conceptualisation of benchmarking, ranking and good practice sharing tools within European Union gender equality policymaking. In the first part, the article looks at these soft law measures applied within intergovernmental cooperation. Stemming from the extensive body of literature, the study approaches these measures as a form of scientific knowledge, which is diversely applied within policymaking. Next, the article directs various points of criticism at these policymaking tools through different variables that may hinder knowledge use. The second section of this article further focuses on the Open Method of Coordination and the role of the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) in relation to gender equality policies. The empirical part of this article is focused on the criticism of EIGE’s External Evaluation Report and the different conceptualisations of scientific knowledge use which are presented within this audit document. As such, this article aims to contribute to a new conceptualisation of the technocratic tools of benchmarking, ranking and good practice sharing within the highly ideological area of gender equality policies.
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Mutiary, Lili. "FLYPAPER EFFECT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDONESIA CASE (2004 – 2010)." INFO ARTHA 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jia.v1i1.19.
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Flypaper effect is a well-known phenomenon in public finance with regard to intergovernmental transfer. It exists when an increase in grants is more stimulative than a similar increase in income towards the local government (recipient’s) expenditure. Numerous studies had occurred to both identify the existence of flypaper effect as well as to determine the cause. Most researchers worldwide disagree about the existence and even more disagree upon different results regarding the existence and the cause of different results. Two studies had been done in Indonesia within municipalities and they resulted in differing conclusions of the existence. This study is meant to identify flypaper effect within provincial level using what is hoped to be the proper way to investigate the existence.
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Arimoto, Takafumi, Hiroshi Inada, Masao Nemoto, and Yoshihiro Inoue. "International Cooperation in Fishing Technology Research: Case Studies and Future Prospects." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 60, no. 5 (1994): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.60.687.
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Ovchintseva, L. A. "Case-study method in the studies of the Russian rural cooperation." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-3-669-680.
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Qualitative methods are highly appreciated in both foreign and Russian sociological research focused on practical results and recommendations. Among numerous qualitative methods, case study seems to be the most relevant for the study of rural cooperation. Cooperatives are traditionally the most important means for supporting small producers in agriculture. Historical studies show that rural cooperation has always revived under social transformations. Today in Russia, transformations in rural areas are not complete and still determine serious social-economic consequences. The state support for cooperatives and small business is one of the priorities in rural development, but it has contradictory effects. Every year, many new cooperatives are registered, but their number is always smaller than the number of closed cooperatives. The study aims at understanding motives for creating cooperatives, and at identifying mechanisms of economic interaction of cooperative members and risks and conflicts that affect the life of the cooperative. The author shows the relevance of the case study method for studying the formation and functioning of cooperatives and for testing the hypothesis about combination of formal and informal mechanisms of economic interaction in cooperatives. The case study proved the dependence of formalization of economic relations in the cooperative on the scale of its activities, and revealed motives for cooperation of small agricultural producers. This work is a part of the research within the state assignment of the RANEPA Informal economy of rural households: Possibilities and limitations of economic practices in increasing the potential and general attractiveness of rural areas.
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Mejaš, Ula, Mitja Ruzzier, and Miha Škerlavaj. "Stereotypes about Intergenerational Cooperation in Companies: Case studies of Slovene companies." Our Economy, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Economics and Business 60, no. 3-4 (June 20, 2014): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7549/ourecon.2014.3-4.04.
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BUCHANAN, DAVID R. "University/Industry Cooperation at North Carolina State University: Some Case Studies." Sen'i Gakkaishi 50, no. 2 (1994): P48—P54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.50.2_p48.
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Harrisson, Denis, and Normand Laplante. "TQM, Trade Unions and Cooperation: Case Studies in Quebec Manufacturing Plants." Economic and Industrial Democracy 17, no. 1 (February 1996): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x96171005.
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du Vall, Marta, and Marta Majorek. "Media labs–creative cooperation and mutual learning: Case studies across Europe." SHS Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184801044.
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The idea of a media lab is not strictly defined. Media labs, in general, are experimental projects combining creative, research and education activities. As some researchers have concluded, “Media lab is not a name, only a tag that you can describe a specific type of place and - as with tags - use freely, according to and contributing to its conceptual meaning.” The study will present the most contemporary, important theoretical issues regarding media labs which, by creating a platform for exchanging experience and knowledge between people representing different professional groups, such as programmers, culture animators and academic researchers, enable work on projects seeking convergence of knowledge, multimedia and technology. The authors will also focus on case studies to indicate the wide range of possibilities for applying this model of creative cooperation.
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Vaičiūnaitė, Gerda, and Eugenijus Dunajevas. "Interorganizational Cooperation and Youth Policy: Case of Utena." Politologija 94, no. 2 (July 17, 2019): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/polit.2019.94.4.
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The implementation of youth policy is closely connected to interorganizational cooperation between the organizations that are active in the field of youth activities. The goal of this paper is to present the results of a study wherein the factors that possibly determine cooperation between youth organizations and the local government administration in the Utena District municipality were studied. According to the studies on cooperation and organizational behavior, the factors that contribute to cooperation are the following: an uncertainty of the future, possessing mutual goals, the costs and benefits of cooperation maintenance, and the level of trust between organizations. In order to determine the exact combination of factors and how they contribute to cross-organizational cooperation, a crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis was conducted. The possible cooperation situations between the organizations that are active in the field of youth and the local government administration were the study cases. The semistructured interview method was employed in order to interview the representatives of local the government administration and organizations. The results of data analysis revealed that the most important factor for interorganizational cooperation in the field of youth policy is the level of trust between organizations in the Utena District municipality.