Journal articles: 'Intergenerational effects of war trauma'

1

Parlett, Malcolm. "The impact of war." British Gestalt Journal 23, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53667/lnbf5833.

Full text

Abstract:

"Abstract: War remains central to ‘normal’ thinking in society. Gestalt therapy may already (unwittingly) be a form of peace education. Fritz Perls was a survivor of war trauma. Many of those who survive war are wounded physically or emotionally in long-lasting ways. Traumatic effects of war, through intergenerational transmission, can last decades. The writer, himself once a ‘war baby’, presents a personal journey of ‘self-recognising’, exploring war’s effects on his own life and attitudes. He suggests how a Gestalt focus on polarities has a place in peace and war thinking. Key words: war, trauma, self-recognising, D-Day, peace education, violence, Fritz Perls, Gestalt history."

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wyatt, Zoe. "Intergenerational Trauma in the Aftermath of Genocide." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 2 (May 11, 2023): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(2).07.

Full text

Abstract:

Intergenerational trauma can be understood as the transmission of historical trauma and its adverse effects and impact across generations. This has been witnessed across many nations, populations and marginalized groups, particularly in countries that have experienced long histories of war, systemic violence and/or human rights abuses. The article focuses on Cambodia in the aftermath of the Khmer Rouge and subsequent genocide as the impact of this short but profoundly devastating period in the country’s history continues to permeate many layers of life in Cambodia today. Some examples of trauma-informed research from Rwanda are also presented to highlight cross-cultural understandings of trauma and resilience. Through the research, this article explores the long-standing impacts of intergenerational trauma on the Cambodian population and discusses resilience in the aftermath of human rights violations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Costa, Dora L., Noelle Yetter, and Heather DeSomer. "Intergenerational transmission of paternal trauma among US Civil War ex-POWs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 44 (October 15, 2018): 11215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803630115.

Full text

Abstract:

We study whether paternal trauma is transmitted to the children of survivors of Confederate prisoner of war (POW) camps during the US Civil War (1861–1865) to affect their longevity at older ages, the mechanisms behind this transmission, and the reversibility of this transmission. We examine children born after the war who survived to age 45, comparing children whose fathers were non-POW veterans and ex-POWs imprisoned in very different camp conditions. We also compare children born before and after the war within the same family by paternal ex-POW status. The sons of ex-POWs imprisoned when camp conditions were at their worst were 1.11 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and 1.09 times more likely to die than the sons of ex-POWs when camp conditions were better. Paternal ex-POW status had no impact on daughters. Among sons born in the fourth quarter, when maternal in utero nutrition was adequate, there was no impact of paternal ex-POW status. In contrast, among sons born in the second quarter, when maternal nutrition was inadequate, the sons of ex-POWs who experienced severe hardship were 1.2 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and ex-POWs who fared better in captivity. Socioeconomic effects, family structure, father-specific survival traits, and maternal effects, including quality of paternal marriages, cannot explain our findings. While we cannot rule out fully psychological or cultural effects, our findings are most consistent with an epigenetic explanation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Palosaari, Esa, Raija-Leena Punamäki, Samir Qouta, and Marwan Diab. "Intergenerational effects of war trauma among Palestinian families mediated via psychological maltreatment." Child Abuse & Neglect 37, no. 11 (November 2013): 955–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gangi, Sarah, Alessandra Talamo, and Stefano Ferracuti. "The Long-Term Effects of Extreme War-Related Trauma on the Second Generation of Holocaust Survivors." Violence and Victims 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 687–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.5.687.

Full text

Abstract:

The psychological consequences of intergenerational trauma on the second generation of Holocaust survivors were studied in a sample of 40 nonimmigrant Italian Jews and compared to a control group. Differences between offspring of Holocaust survivors (HSO) and a comparison group were assessed by the Adjective Check List, Anxiety Questionnaire Scale, Defence Mechanism Inventory, and Family Environment Scale. Although the HSO displayed no serious psychological consequences, they had higher anxiety levels than controls, low self-esteem, inhibition of aggression, and relational ambivalence. These data partially confirm previous research on the topic, although the level of psychological distress seems to be lower in the Italian sample than in other samples of second-generation Holocaust survivors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hjort, Line, Feride Rushiti, Shr-Jie Wang, Peter Fransquet, Sebahate P Krasniqi, Selvi I Çarkaxhiu, Dafina Arifaj, et al. "Intergenerational effects of maternal post-traumatic stress disorder on offspring epigenetic patterns and cortisol levels." Epigenomics 13, no. 12 (June 2021): 967–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2021-0015.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim: To investigate the association between maternal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during pregnancy and offspring DNA methylation and cortisol levels. Materials & methods: Blood genome-wide DNA methylation and cortisol was measured in the youngest child of 117 women who experienced sexual violence/torture during the Kosovo war. Results: Seventy-two percent of women had PTSD symptoms during pregnancy. Their children had higher cortisol levels and differential methylation at candidate genes ( NR3C1, HTR3A and BNDF) . No methylation differences reached epigenome-wide corrected significance levels. Conclusion: Identifying the biological processes whereby the negative effects of trauma are passed across generations and defining groups at high risk is a key step to breaking the intergenerational transmission of the effects of mental disorders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Davidson, Ann C., and David J. Mellor. "The Adjustment of Children of Australian Vietnam Veterans: Is There Evidence for the Transgenerational Transmission of the Effects of War-Related Trauma?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (June 2001): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00897.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: The presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma survivors has been linked with family dysfunction and symptoms in their children, including lower selfesteem, higher disorder rates and symptoms resembling those of the traumatized parent. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of intergenerational transfer of PTSD in an Australian context. Method: 50 children (aged 16–30) of 50 male Vietnam veterans, subgrouped according to their fathers’ PTSD status, were compared with an age-matched group of 33 civilian peers. Participants completed questionnaires with measures of self-esteem, PTSD symptomatology and family functioning. Results: Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found between the selfesteem and PTSD symptomatology scores for any offspring groups. Unhealthy family functioning is the area in which the effect of the veteran's PTSD appears to manifest itself, particularly the inability of the family both to experience appropriate emotional responses and to solve problems effectively within and outside the family unit. Conclusion: Methodological refinements and further focus on the role of wives/mothers in buffering the impact of veterans’ PTSD symptomatology on their children are indicated. Further effort to support families of Veterans with PTSD is also indicated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tsur, N., and Z. Solomon. "Posttraumatic orientation to bodily signals: The engraving of trauma in bodily perceptions." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S475—S476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1018.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionTheoretical perspectives emphasize that trauma and complex/posttraumatic stress disorder (C/PTSD) may interrupt with the perception of normal day-to-day bodily sensations, such as hunger, temperature and pain. Yet, a coherent conceptual synthesis of such processes is still lacking.ObjectivesThis presentation portrayes two studies that provide empirical grounding for the conceptualization of ‘Posttraumatic Orientation to Bodily Signals’ (posttraumatic-OBS); an umbrella term reflecting the tendency to interpret bodily signals as catastrophic and frightful following trauma.MethodsTwo studies assessing exposure to trauma, C/PTSD, and OBD (Pain catastrophizing scale, PCS; body vigilance scale, BVS; Anxiety sensitivity index-physical), were conducted to test the hypothesized association between exposure to trauma and posttraumatic-OBD, as explained by C/PTSD.ResultsStudy 1 included 59 ex-prisoners of war and 44 controls along three time-points, revealing that exposure to trauma was associated with a more catastrophic OBS (t = 2.73, p = .008; Cohen’s d = .57), which was mediated by longitudinal hyperarousal PTSD symptoms (indirect effect = .04 [.009, .11]). Additionally, a long-term chronic trajectory of PTSD was implicated in a more catastrophic OBS (F (2102)=6.91, p = .046).Study 2 included 194 dyads of mothers and their young adult daughter. Dyadic path analyses demonstrated that OBD was associated with exposure to trauma, through the mediation of CPTSD among mothers (indirect effects between 0.13–0.28; p > 0.021) and daughters (indirect effects between 0.21–0.11; p > 0.032). Mothers’ OBD was associated with daughters’ OBD (effects between 0.19-0.27; p < 0.016). Daughters’ OBD was serially associated with mothers’ trauma exposure through mothers’ CPTSD and mothers’ OBD, (indirect effect = 0.064; p = 0.023). The findings demonstrate that trauma is often implicated in posttraumatic-OBD, which is mediated by C/PTSD, and that these processes may be intergenerationally transmitted.ConclusionsThe findings lay the foundation for the conceptualization of posttraumatic-OBD. The implications of the unified encapsulation of posttraumatic-OBD as an umbrella term reflecting subjective perception of bodily sensations for future research and practice will be presented.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

McDonnell, Christina G., and Kristin Valentino. "Intergenerational Effects of Childhood Trauma." Child Maltreatment 21, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516659556.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gajdos, Kathleen Curzie. "The Intergenerational Effects of Grief and Trauma." Illness, Crisis & Loss 10, no. 4 (October 2002): 304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413702236514.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses the multigenerational effects of grief and trauma. When grief and trauma are not attended to with awareness and compassion in one generation, the deleterious effects of that trauma and grief cascade through the family tree, creating a domino effect of dysfunction. How this cascade manifests within individuals and families is explored.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Duyilemi, Femi. "Effects of Intergenerational Trauma on African-Americans and Interventions." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 7, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-heqkc67n.

Full text

Abstract:

Trauma is the response to a deeply distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms an individual’s coping ability with such a situation. Trauma causes helplessness and diminishes an individual’s sense of self and the ability to feel the full range of emotions and experiences. Intergenerational trauma is about the effects of trauma suffered or undergone by one generation which impacts future generations' lives and mental health. The problem has been pervasive among African-Americans, with law enforcement worsening the situation through racial bias and profiling that increases police brutality. This article describes the effects of intergenerational trauma as related to African-Americans and suggests trauma-informed interventions in U.S. law enforcement. The primary effects of intergenerational trauma among African-Americans include healthcare disparities, family problems, violence and abuse, and feelings of inferiority. The interventions to consider include offering continuous training lessons to law enforcement officers on police psychology, ensuring strict adherence to ethical conduct and enhancing healthcare and education sectors. Officers dismissed from the force for misconduct should not be rehired to increase public trust and to discourage the repetition of misconduct(s).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Himmelfarb, Sabine, John J. Sigal, and Morton Weinfeld. "Trauma and Rebirth: Intergenerational Effects of the Holocaust." Contemporary Sociology 21, no. 3 (May 1992): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076314.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Krell, Robert. "Trauma and Rebirth: Intergenerational Effects of the Holocaust." American Journal of Psychotherapy 44, no. 2 (April 1990): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1990.44.2.302a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Krystal, Henry. "Trauma and Rebirth: Intergenerational Effects of the Holocaust." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 179, no. 2 (February 1991): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199102000-00009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Lin, Nancy J., Karen L. Suyemoto, and Peter Nien-chu Kiang. "Education as Catalyst for Intergenerational Refugee Family Communication About War and Trauma." Communication Disorders Quarterly 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2008): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740108329234.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Gaywsh, Rainey, and Elaine Mordoch. "Situating Intergenerational Trauma in the Educational Journey." in education 24, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37119/ojs2018.v24i2.386.

Full text

Abstract:

The impact of trauma on learning in post-secondary institutions is largely ignored. However, recent studies on how Aboriginal people experience mental health issues are bringing attention to Aboriginal students’ experiences of intergenerational trauma (IGT). IGT occurs when the maladaptive effects of an original trauma experience, such as historic trauma inclusive of Indian Residential Schools (IRS), results in unhealthy effects on the first generation being passed down to the next generation or multiple generations. Given the lengthy history of collective historic trauma experienced by Aboriginal people, it is reasonable to expect that Aboriginal students’ learning is affected by IGT. As post-secondary educators, we engaged a limited study to further our knowledge of the impact of IGT on Aboriginal students. We were puzzled by Aboriginal students’ attrition within university programs—students we believed who were more than capable of success. We chose to explore this issue from the perspective of trauma-informed education principles (Mordoch & Gaywish, 2011). Building on past work, this qualitative study explores how IGT affects the educational journeys of Aboriginal students. A conceptual framework based on an Anishinabe teaching of Four Lodges (directional)—Talking, Planning, Teaching, and Healing—guided our research. The researchers formulated questions for each Lodge to frame our research on how IGT is understood by students enrolled in select programs for mature Indigenous students. We asked about the effects of IGT in the classroom and the resultant problems students face in their educational journey. Sixteen Indigenous students, 10 instructors, and nine administrators employed in Aboriginal focus or access programs for at least three years participated in semi-structured interview conversations. Findings reflect their perceptions of the interplay between IGT and educational experiences and potential strategies to redress resultant issues. Keywords: intergenerational trauma; post-secondary education; trauma-informed education

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Frazier, Kimberly, Cirecie West-Olatunji, Shirley St. Juste, and Rachael Goodman. "Transgenerational Trauma and Child Sexual Abuse: Reconceptualizing Cases Involving Young Survivors of CSA." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 31, no. 1 (December 29, 2008): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.31.1.u72580m253524811.

Full text

Abstract:

While current research on child sexual abuse (CSA) has delineated the immediate and long-term effects of sexual trauma, little has been written about intergenerational influences on the presence and etiology of CSA among young children. Dass-Brailsford (2007) defined transgenerational trauma as trauma that has been passed down from one generation to another, either directly or indirectly. In this paper the authors review the literature on CSA, the influence of primary caregivers, and transgenerational trauma, followed by a case illustration. Specific interventions are pointed out to offer mental health counselors innovative tools for ameliorating the effects of transgenerational trauma with this client population. The authors also highlight effective clinical programs on CSA among young children that acknowledge the influence of intergenerational trauma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Belsky, Jay. "War, trauma and children's development: Observations from a modern evolutionary perspective." International Journal of Behavioral Development 32, no. 4 (July 2008): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408090969.

Full text

Abstract:

Lethal intergroup conflict has been part of the human experience ever since our species emerged on the African savannah. Modern evolutionary thinking suggests that children's development could have evolved a variety of responses to it, some of which are highlighted upon considering, from the field of behavioural ecology, life-history theory and, derived from it, Belsky, Steinberg and Draper's (1991) evolutionary theory of socialization. This speculative essay examines the implications of such thinking, specifically with regard to insecure attachment, anxiety, depression, aggression, pubertal and sexual development, as well as mating and parenting. Considered, too, are issues of intergenerational transmission and variation in developmental reactivity to exposure to deadly political violence of the ethnic-cleansing variety in childhood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sidorenko, Ewa. "Remembering the War: An Autoethnography of Survival." Qualitative Inquiry 28, no. 3-4 (January 8, 2022): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778004211066881.

Full text

Abstract:

This is an autoethnography of World War II (WW2) survival and trauma based on a recovered family archive and a reflexive engagement with my own childhood memories. Driven by subjective imperatives to bear witness to forgotten war experiences, and to explore family mental health problems, I delve into not just personal memories but forgotten voices found in the archive whose stories have never been told thus offering a perspective of multiple subjects. My grandmother’s witness testimony of concentration camp survival recorded in 1946 compels me to research and reflect on life in the state of exception and the long-term and intergenerational impact on survivors. This autoethnographic work helps me examine the character of survival of war trauma as a form of exclusion from community and often an incomplete return from bare life to polis. Through engaging with the archive, I find some partial answers to questions about my family members, and reconstruct my family memory narrative.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Reese, Emma M., Melissa Jane Barlow, Maddison Dillon, Sariah Villalon, Michael D. Barnes, and AliceAnn Crandall. "Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: The Mediating Effects of Family Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105944.

Full text

Abstract:

Family health is important to the well-being of individual family members and the collective family unit, and as such, may serve as a mediator for the intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT). This study aimed to understand the intergenerational impact of parent’s adverse and positive childhood experiences (ACEs and PCEs) on their children’s adverse family experiences (AFEs) and how family health mediated those relationships. The sample consisted of 482 heterosexual married or cohabiting couples (dyads) in the United States who had a child between the ages of 3 and 13 years old. Each member of the dyad completed a survey, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Parental ACEs were associated with more AFEs. The fathers’, but not the mothers’, ACEs were associated with worse family health. Parental PCEs were associated with better family health, and family health was associated with lower AFE scores. Indirect effects indicated that parental PCEs decreased AFEs through their impact on family health. Family health also mediated the relationship between the father’s ACEs and the child’s AFEs. Interventions designed to support family health may help decrease child AFEs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Nagata, Donna K., Jackie H. J. Kim, and Teresa U. Nguyen. "Processing Cultural Trauma: Intergenerational Effects of the Japanese American Incarceration." Journal of Social Issues 71, no. 2 (June 2015): 356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josi.12115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kaitz, Marsha, Mindy Levy, Richard Ebstein, Stephen V. Faraone, and David Mankuta. "The intergenerational effects of trauma from terror: A real possibility." Infant Mental Health Journal 30, no. 2 (March 2009): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Yehuda, Rachel, and Amy Lehrner. "Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms." World Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wps.20568.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Schick, Matthis, Naser Morina, Richard Klaghofer, Ulrich Schnyder, and Julia Müller. "Trauma, mental health, and intergenerational associations in Kosovar Families 11 years after the war." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 4, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 21060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21060.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Botticelli, Steven. "Has Sexuality Anything to Do With War Trauma? Intergenerational Transmission and the Homosexual Imaginary." Psychoanalytic Perspectives 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2015): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1551806x.2015.1063936.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Bachem, Rahel, Johanna Scherf, Yafit Levin, Michela Schröder-Abé, and Zahava Solomon. "The role of parental negative world assumptions in the intergenerational transmission of war trauma." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 55, no. 6 (October 29, 2019): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01801-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Trujillo, Ester N. "Rupturing the Silences: Intergenerational Construction of Salvadoran Immigrant War Necronarratives." Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18085/1549-9502.11.1.75.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract As the children of wartime immigrants from El Salvador become adults, they must grapple with the role violence played—and continues to play—in Salvadoran society. Second-generation Salvadorans interpret their relatives’ stories of war, death, and violence through a lens that prioritizes lessons gained over traumatization. Thus, immigrant parents’ casual discussions about their experiences during the Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992) become what this article calls necronarratives: stories pieced together from memories based on foiling death and violence generated through state necropolitics. Youth interpret inherited memories through a lens of survival, resilience, and healing. Necropolitics refers to the ability of the state to legislate and draw policies that determine who lives and who dies. Although scholars have noted that high levels of war-related trauma among Salvadoran immigrants cause them to remain silent about those experiences, my research reveals that children of these immigrants collect and construct narratives using the memory fragments shared during casual conversations with their relatives. Drawing from 20 semi-structured interviews with U.S. Salvadorans, this paper shows that U.S. Salvadorans construct narratives out of their family’s war memories in order to locate affirming qualities of the Salvadoran experience such as surviving a war, achieving migration, and building a life in a new country. Contrary to past indications that Central American migrants live in silence about their national origins in order to avoid discrimination in the U.S. and to avoid traumatizing their children, this study on second-generation Salvadoran adults describes the ethnic roots information families do share through war stories. The Salvadoran case shows youth actively engage with necronarratives as they come of age to adulthood to yield lessons about how their national origins and ethnic heritages shape their senses of belonging and exclusion within U.S. society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Saniya Fatima Gilani and Dr. Fariha Chaudhary. "Family and Intergenerational Trauma: A Comparative Analysis of Shafaq’s Honour and Lahiri’s The Namesake." Panacea Journal of Linguistics & Literature 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.59075/pjll.v2i2.302.

Full text

Abstract:

The current study is a comparative exploration of intergenerational trauma within families and its effects on the various characters of the selected fiction namely, Shafak’s Honour (2012) and Lahiri’s The Namesake (2009). This qualitative inquiry is based on the close-text analysis of the selected passages. The theoretical framework employed in this paper borrows concepts from Familial Trauma theory. This research explores the following aspects: Firstly, it examines the intergenerational trauma within families. Secondly, it focuses on the ways the characters are left vulnerable and react to their corresponding trauma. Lastly, the research also explores the possible gender differences as a response to trauma. The research is significant in its understanding of the multi- faceted display of trauma within the generation of families and its role in shaping the life trajectories of the various characters, collectively as well as individually.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Swain, Gloria. "The Healing Power of Art in Intergenerational Trauma." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i1.469.

Full text

Abstract:

Throughout this paper, I use a political and activist lens to think about disability arts and its potential role in opening up a necessary conversation around how madness is produced by experiences of racism, poverty, sexism, and inter-generational trauma within the Black community. I begin by explaining how the Black body has a history of being the site of medical experimentation. From the perspective of my own experience, I suggest that this history of medical abuse has caused Black people to be suspicious and wary of the healthcare system, including the mental healthcare system, which forecloses discussions around the intersection of Blackness and mental health. I go on to argue that this discussion is further silenced through the trope of the ‘strong Black woman,’ which, in my experience works to perpetuate the idea that Black women must bear the effects of systemic racism by being ‘strong,’ rather than society addressing this racism, and she must not admit the toll that this ‘resilience’ might have on her mental health. I close with a discussion of how my art practice seeks to open up a conversation about madness in the Black community by suggesting that madness is political.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Narayan, Angela J., Chandra Ghosh Ippen, William W. Harris, and Alicia F. Lieberman. "Protective factors that buffer against the intergenerational transmission of trauma from mothers to young children: A replication study of angels in the nursery." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001530.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis replication study examined protective effects of positive childhood memories with caregivers (“angels in the nursery”) against lifespan and intergenerational transmission of trauma. More positive, elaborated angel memories were hypothesized to buffer associations between mothers’ childhood maltreatment and their adulthood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, comorbid psychopathology, and children's trauma exposure. Participants were 185 mothers (M age = 30.67 years, SD = 6.44, range = 17–46 years, 54.6% Latina, 17.8% White, 10.3% African American, 17.3% other; 24% Spanish speaking) and children (M age = 42.51 months; SD = 15.95, range = 3–72 months; 51.4% male). Mothers completed the Angels in the Nursery Interview (Van Horn, Lieberman, & Harris, 2008), and assessments of childhood maltreatment, adulthood psychopathology, children's trauma exposure, and demographics. Angel memories significantly moderated associations between maltreatment and PTSD (but not depression) symptoms, comorbid psychopathology, and children's trauma exposure. For mothers with less positive, elaborated angel memories, higher levels of maltreatment predicted higher levels of psychopathology and children's trauma exposure. For mothers with more positive, elaborated memories, however, predictive associations were not significant, reflecting protective effects. Furthermore, protective effects against children's trauma exposure were significant only for female children, suggesting that angel memories may specifically buffer against intergenerational trauma from mothers to daughters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Nela, Alfred. "Psychological Effects of Armed Conflicts on Children." Global Psychotherapist 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52982/lkj227.

Full text

Abstract:

Armed conflicts have caused extreme social crises worldwide, where children represent the most vulnerable group, often experiencing severe trauma and violence in war zones. Globally, one in four children lives in a country affected by armed conflicts, natural disasters, or epidemics. This study aims to provide an overview of research on the psychological impact of armed conflicts on children, including the types of mental disorders that result after war trauma and interventions to minimize psychological damage after exposure to war and conflict. The research was based on a systematic review of the literature, using the Elsevier, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases. Key terms used in the research include: war and mental health or armed conflict, children or refugees and trauma or exposure to war trauma; and post-traumatic stress disorder. Children’s continued exposure to war trauma is associated with mental health problems including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviors, dissociative disorders, depersonalization, derealization, numbing, catatonia, and behavior disorders, especially aggression and violent criminal behavior. Based on the studies used, the results show that the crises caused in children by wars has significant effects on mental health, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, sleep disorders, and suicidal thoughts. The cited studies recommend increasing human resources for the identification, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and psychosocial support of children who are evacuated from war zones to other countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Suyemoto, Karen. "Ethnic and Racial Identity in Multiracial Sansei: Intergenerational Effects of the World War II Mass Incarceration of Japanese Americans1." Genealogy 2, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2030026.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reflects on ways in which intergenerational familial experience of the Japanese American World War II mass incarceration may have differentially affected the ethnic and racial identity development of multiracial Sansei (third generation Japanese Americans). I begin with a brief review of the literature related to the effects of the camps on Nisei, integrating psychological understandings of racial and ethnic identity development, contextual history, and research on the psychological effects; I focus here on effects for Nisei that have been connected to their intergenerational interactions: distancing from Japanese American heritage and identity, silence about the camp experience, and the negotiation of racism and discrimination. I turn then to the primary focus of the paper: Using a combination of autoethnographical reflection, examples from qualitative interviews, and literature review, I engage in reflective exploration of two ways in which intergenerational effects of the camp experience influenced Sansei racial and ethnic identities that vary among monoracial and multiracial Sansei: familial transmission of Japanese American culture by Nisei to Sansei, and the intergenerational effects and transmission of racial discrimination and racial acceptance. I conclude with reflections on intergenerational healing within Japanese American families and communities, and reflections on the relation of these dynamics to current issues of racial justice more generally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Devakumar, D., M. Birch, D. Osrin, E. Sondorp, and J. Wells. "G307 The intergenerational effects of war on the health of children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, Suppl 1 (April 1, 2014): A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-306237.290.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Smuda, Sean. "Memory Zero." ARTMargins 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00341.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The repression of memory as a result of trauma from war and social divisions is often an experience that obscures or intensifies personal histories. This is especially true between generations. The Memory Zero project is an attempt to bridge this gap through drawn impressions from intergenerational family stories collaged with image and text searches to locate their approximate times and places. Together this creates, hopefully, a fuller historical and affective context. For this, I drew from family stories and histories in England and Poland before and after World War l. In this way the personal and historical approximations merge into their own continuum, greater than their parts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Fachinger, Petra. "Healing Intergenerational Trauma through Cultural Reclamation in David Alexander Robertson’s Cree-Centric Retelling of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse-14.1.01.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, I argue that Cree author David Alexander Robertson’s YA novel The Barren Grounds retells C.S. Lewis’s war trauma narrative The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe from a Cree perspective. The “war” addressed in The Barren Grounds is that of the violent acts of colonization that have disconnected several Indigenous generations from their ancestral cultures. The compulsion to reimagine this British classic story in a way that focuses on his own cultural background shows that there was something missing for Robertson in the source text: his Cree identity. Using as a framework Suzanne Methot’s approach to complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), which results from repeated traumatic experiences over a prolonged period, I demonstrate that The Barren Grounds emphasizes the significance of cultural reclamation for the healing of intergenerational trauma, including trauma resulting from the foster care experience. The Indigenization of Lewis’s story recognizes children’s rights to an education that includes Indigenous children’s and YA literature and adopts nation-specific Indigenous knowledge as a framework for reading this literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gee, Graham, Raelene Lesniowska, Radhika Santhanam-Martin, and Catherine Chamberlain. "Breaking the Cycle of Trauma – Koori Parenting, What Works for Us." First Peoples Child & Family Review 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1080809ar.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To develop an understanding of parenting strategies used by Aboriginal Australian parents impacted by colonisation and other forms of adversity to break cycles of trauma within families. Design: “Yarning circles” involving qualitative interviews with six Aboriginal parents were conducted. Parents who identified as having experienced childhood histories of trauma and historical loss were asked about parenting strategies that helped them to break cycles of intergenerational trauma. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal psychologists who worked for an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation. Results: Parents identified over 100 strategies associated with parenting and breaking cycles of trauma. Some strategies aligned well with research on the protective effects of safe, stable, nurturing relationships. Other strategies focused upon domains of culture, community, and history, and addressed issues such as family violence, colonisation, and the intergenerational links between trauma and parenting. The strategies were collated into a community resource that could be used by other Aboriginal parents. Conclusion: Parental histories of colonisation and interpersonal and intergenerational trauma can have a significant impact on kinship networks and community environments that Aboriginal parenting practices are embedded within. Parents who identified with having managed to break cycles of trauma reported using a wide range of successful parenting strategies. These strategies serve a diversity of functions, such as parenting approaches that aim to directly influence children’s behaviour and foster wellbeing, manage family and community conflict, and manage parental histories of trauma and trauma responses in ways that mitigate the impact on their children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

YEHUDA, RACHEL, SARAH L. HALLIGAN, and ROBERT GROSSMAN. "Childhood trauma and risk for PTSD: Relationship to intergenerational effects of trauma, parental PTSD, and cortisol excretion." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 3 (September 2001): 733–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401003170.

Full text

Abstract:

Among the adverse mental health consequences of childhood trauma is the risk related to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Other risk factors for PTSD, including parental trauma exposure and parental PTSD, can also contribute to the experience of child trauma. We examined associations between childhood trauma and PTSD in 51 adult children of Holocaust survivors and 41 comparison subjects, in consideration of parental trauma exposure and parental PTSD. We also examined these variables in relation to 24-hr urinary cortisol levels. Adult offspring of Holocaust survivors showed significantly higher levels of self-reported childhood trauma, particularly emotional abuse and neglect, relative to comparison subjects. The difference was largely attributable to parental PTSD. Self-reported childhood trauma was also related to severity of PTSD in subjects, and emotional abuse was significantly associated with 24-hr mean urinary cortisol secretion. We conclude that the experience of childhood trauma may be an important factor in the transmission of PTSD from parent to child.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Yehuda, Rachel, and Michael J. Meaney. "Relevance of Psychological Symptoms in Pregnancy to Intergenerational Effects of Preconception Trauma." Biological Psychiatry 83, no. 2 (January 2018): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kruse, Johannes, Ljiljana Joksimovic, Majda Cavka, Wolfgang Wöller, and Norbert Schmitz. "Effects of trauma-focused psychotherapy upon war refugees." Journal of Traumatic Stress 22, no. 6 (December 2009): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20477.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Knoblauch, Steven H. "War Sex: Discussion of Steven Botticelli’s “Has Sexuality Anything to Do With War Trauma: Intergenerational Transmission and the Homosexual Imaginary”." Psychoanalytic Perspectives 12, no. 3 (August 26, 2015): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1551806x.2015.1063941.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rowland-Klein, Dani, and Rosemary Dunlop. "The Transmission of Trauma across Generations: Identification with Parental Trauma in Children of Holocaust Survivors." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (June 1998): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809065528.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: This study examines the phenomenology of intergenerational transmission of trauma with the aim of elucidating the interactional process of transmission within an object relations framework. Method: The method consisted of systematic textual analysis of semi-structured interviews with six Jewish women born after the war who were children of concentration camp interned Holocaust survivors. Results: Four superordinate themes were identified: heightened awareness of parents' Holocaust survivor status, parenting style, overidentification with parents' experiences and transmission of fear and mistrust. These were found despite the variation in parental communication. Conclusions: The data suggest that unconscious processes are at least partially involved in the transmission of trauma. A form of projective identification is proposed as an explanatory mechanism which brings together diverse aspects of the observed phenomena: projection by the parent of Holocaust-related feelings and anxieties into the child; introjection by the child as if she herself had experienced the concentration camps; and return of this input by the child in the form of compliant and solicitous behaviour associated with enmeshment and individuation problems. Further research may establish these phenomena as a particular form of Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Lehrner, Amy, and Rachel Yehuda. "Cultural trauma and epigenetic inheritance." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 1763–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001153.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe question of whether and how the effects of cultural trauma can be transmitted intergenerationally from parents to offspring, or even to later generations, has evoked interest and controversy in academic and popular forums. Recent methodological advances have spurred investigations of potential epigenetic mechanisms for this inheritance, representing an exciting area of emergent research. Epigenetics has been described as the means through which environmental influences “get under the skin,” directing transcriptional activity and influencing the expression or suppression of genes. Over the past decade, this complex environment–biology interface has shown increasing promise as a potential pathway for the intergenerational transmission of the effects of trauma. This article reviews challenges facing research on cultural trauma, biological findings in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder, and putative epigenetic mechanisms for transmission of trauma effects, including through social, intrauterine, and gametic pathways. Implications for transmission of cultural trauma effects are discussed, focused on the relevance of cultural narratives and the possibilities of resilience and adaptivity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Marsh, Teresa Naseba, David C. Marsh, and Lisa M. Najavits. "The Impact of Training Indigenous Facilitators for a Two-Eyed Seeing Research Treatment Intervention for Intergenerational Trauma and Addiction." International Indigenous Policy Journal 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2020.11.4.8623.

Full text

Abstract:

Intergenerational trauma in Indigenous Peoples was not the result of a targeted event, but rather political and governmental policies inflicted upon entire generations. The resultant effects of these traumas and multiple losses include addiction, depression, anxiety, violence, self-destructive behaviors, and suicide, to name but a few. Traditional healers, Elders, and Indigenous facilitators agree that the reclamation of traditional healing practices combined with conventional interventions could be effective in addressing intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. Recent research has shown that the blending of Indigenous traditional healing practices and the Western treatment model Seeking Safety resulted in a reduction of intergenerational trauma (IGT) symptoms and substance use disorders (SUD). This article focuses on the Indigenous facilitators who were recruited and trained to conduct the sharing circles as part of the research effort. We describe the six-day training, which focused on the implementation of the Indigenous Healing and Seeking Safety model, as well as the impact the training had on the facilitators. Through the viewpoints and voices of the facilitators, we explore the growth and changes the training brought about for them, as well as their perception of how their changes impacted their clients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rizkalla, Niveen, Nour K. Mallat, Rahma Arafa, Suher Adi, Laila Soudi, and Steven P. Segal. "“Children Are Not Children Anymore; They Are a Lost Generation”: Adverse Physical and Mental Health Consequences on Syrian Refugee Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228378.

Full text

Abstract:

This research examines Syrian refugee mothers’ accounts of the physical and mental health of their children being affected by war traumas and displacement challenges. Open-ended audio-recorded interviews were conducted in Arabic with 23 mothers residing in Jordan. Using a narrative approach in the data collection and analysis, five major themes were identified: (1) children were exposed to diverse war traumatic experiences in Syria; (2) the escape journey and refugee camps threatened children’s lives; (3) displacement and family stressors exposed children to poverty, hostility from local peers, educational and recreational challenges, child labor, and domestic violence (these three major themes were considered as trauma related variables); (4) children were not only directly affected physically and mentally by their own traumatic experiences and displacement stressors, but these experiences were mediated and magnified by familial interrelated processes, evidenced in intergenerational transmission of trauma, harsh parenting style, parental control, and parentification; and (5) adverse consequences of both trauma related variables and family processes directly and indirectly traumatized children and adversely impacted their physical and mental health. We examined the themes that emerged from the data in view of three theoretical frameworks and the impact of trauma in the family system on child development. To conclude, humanitarian organizations that provide services and interventions to refugees need to take into account familial processes and not only individual factors affecting refugee children’s physical and mental health. Further implications on policies and trauma research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Pennycooke, Earl. "Everyday Racial Trauma and Psychosis: Diagnosis and Presentation." Psychoanalysis and History 24, no. 3 (December 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2022.0440.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article the author reflects on racism from a personal and socio-political angle. He describes how the continuous repetition of racist trauma in personal and societal life not only damages the psyche of individuals but also has a detrimental effect on interpersonal and intergenerational relations. He further describes the work of USEMI, a project which offers psychoanalytic psychotherapy to Black men, and by doing so presents the possibilities and limitations of psychoanalysis to help those suffering under the psychological effects of racism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Pilkay, Stefanie R., Terri Combs-Orme, Frances Tylavsky, Nicole Bush, and Alicia K. Smith. "Maternal trauma and fear history predict BDNF methylation and gene expression in newborns." PeerJ 8 (May 22, 2020): e8858. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8858.

Full text

Abstract:

Trauma and related fear exert significant influence on mental and physical health throughout the lifespan and are associated with intergenerational patterns of development, health, and behavior. DNA methylation and gene expression are involved in our developmental adaptations to our experiences and can be influenced by social interventions. Patterns of DNA methylation and expression of a gene involved in neurodevelopment and psychiatric risk (BDNF) have been linked with childhood trauma. Given the intergenerational patterns of health and behavior, and previous links between childhood trauma and BDNF methylation and expression, this study investigated the potential for maternal history of traumatic experiences to influence development in her newborn, via changes in her newborn’s BDNF methylation and expression. We found that mothers’ trauma history was associated with epigenetic regulation of BDNF in their newborns. Moreover, the association between maternal trauma and BDNF methylation and expression patterns were moderated by newborn sex. Male newborns showed increased BDNF expression with maternal exposure to child abuse (p = .001), and increased BDNF methylation with greater maternal fear (p = .001). Female newborns showed reduced BDNF expression with greater maternal fear (p = .004). Practitioners strive to identify prevention and intervention avenues that will reduce the harmful effects of trauma. Future research should consider the potential for maternal historical trauma experiences to influence offspring DNA methylation and gene expression in a manner that could alter development and inform novel prevention strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Schwartz, Agatha, Christabelle Sethna, and Danielle Lyn Carron. "Not Supposed to be Born?" Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies 16, no. 3 (December 18, 2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjers.v16i3.4034.

Full text

Abstract:

Drawing from two published literary narratives, the German wartime diary by Anonymous, A Woman in Berlin, and the novel based on women’s testimonies of war rape and unwanted pregnancies in Bosnia by Slavenka Drakulić, S.: A Novel About the Balkans, in addition to published testimonies and unpublished interview data by now young adult (in the case of Bosnia) and elderly (in the case of Germany) children born of war rape (CBOWR), this article examines the intergenerational impact of wartime sexual violence. Applying feminist narrative analysis, the authors demonstrate the situation of “impossible motherhood” and experiences of children who were not supposed to be born. The article focuses on the narrative process marked by trauma but also by agency and resilience so as to challenge dominant stories of war and unwanted pregnancy following rape in armed conflict. The authors propose a resolution of tensions around the ethnic identity of CBOWR along their maternal lineage rather than the imposition of the paternal heritage of the enemy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Šehagić, Merima. "How a Collective Trauma Influences Ethno-Religious Relations of Adolescents in Present-Day Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina." Social Inclusion 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.497.

Full text

Abstract:

This article combines a historical perspective on intergenerational transmission of collective trauma with a psycho-anthropological approach in regards to the construction of multiple identifications by Bosniak adolescents growing up in Bosnia and Herzegovina, after the Balkan war that took place in the early 1990s. This research is based on the ethnographic fieldwork I conducted during my three-month stay in Sarajevo, a city that has been the center of battles between Bosnian Serbs and Bosniaks. The aim of this research is to understand the ways in which memories of the war linger on in contemporary interethnic and interreligious relations. I applied Dialogical Self Theory to analyze dilemmas and ambiguities emerging from the multiple identifications of Muslim adolescents, to whom coexistence with Bosnian Serbs has come to be part of everyday life. During oral histories, my informants expressed a desire to maintain a sense of normality, consisting of a stable political and economic present and future. I argue that nationalist ideologies on ethno-religious differences which were propagated during the war stand in the way of living up to this desire. On a micro level, people try to manage their desire for normality by promoting a certain degree of social cohesion and including the ethno-religious other to a shared national identity of ‘being Bosnian’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ager, Philipp, Leah Boustan, and Katherine Eriksson. "The Intergenerational Effects of a Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners after the Civil War." American Economic Review 111, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 3767–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191422.

Full text

Abstract:

The nullification of slave wealth after the US Civil War (1861–1865) was one of the largest episodes of wealth compression in history. We document that White Southern households that owned more slaves in 1860 lost substantially more wealth by 1870, relative to Southern households that had been equally wealthy before the war. Yet, their sons almost entirely recovered from this wealth shock by 1900, and their grandsons completely converged by 1940. Marriage networks and connections to other elite families may have aided in recovery, whereas transmission of entrepreneurship and skills appear less central. (JEL D31, G51, J15, J24, N31, N32)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Krahn, Elizabeth. "Transcending the “Black Raven”: An Autoethnographic and Intergenerational Exploration of Stalinist Oppression." Qualitative Sociology Review 9, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.9.3.04.

Full text

Abstract:

Many of Canada’s aging immigrants were displaced persons in Europe post-WWII and have internalized psychological effects of their traumatic past within a society that tends to marginalize or pathologize them. While early collective trauma literature focuses on individualized, psychotherapeutic approaches, more recent literature demonstrates the importance of externalizing and contextualizing trauma and fostering validating dialogue within families and community systems to facilitate transformation on many levels. My research is an autoethnographic exploration of lifespan and intergenerational effects of trauma perceived by Russian Mennonite women who fled Stalinist Russia to Germany during WWII and migrated to Winnipeg, Canada, and adult sons or daughters of this generation of women. Sixteen individual life narratives, including my own, generated a collective narrative for each generation. Most participants lost male family members during Stalin’s Great Terror, verschleppt, or disappeared in a vehicle dubbed the Black Raven. Survivors tended to privilege stories of resilience – marginalizing emotions and mental weakness. The signature story of many adult children involved their mother’s resilience, suppressed psychological issues, and emotional unavailability. Results underline the importance of narrative exchange that validates marginalized storylines and promotes individual, intergenerational, and cultural story reconstruction within safe social and/or professional environments, thus supporting healthy attachments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Intergenerational effects of war trauma'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles