Journal articles on the topic 'Intergenerational Childcare'
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Cardia, Emanuela, and Serena Ng. "Intergenerational time transfers and childcare." Review of Economic Dynamics 6, no. 2 (April 2003): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1094-2025(03)00009-7.
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Samsudin, Intan Liana, Syed Iskandar Ariffin, and Maimunah Sapri. "INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAM AND CARE: ANALYSIS OF MALAYSIA INTERGENERATIONAL MODULES, POLICIES AND GUIDELINES." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 7, no. 27 (March 10, 2022): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.727002.
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Globally, there is growing interest in strengthening intergenerational connectivity through intergenerational practices. Intergenerational practice is one of the solutions to support the social and emotional needs of a senior citizen. The rationale of intergenerational learning is essential to provide benefits for the young and the older generations while offering mutual benefits through activity. Although the intergenerational exchange exists in Malaysia, there is still a lack of evidence on the program and care modules. The research aims to analyse the evidence of modules, policies, and guidelines related to Malaysia's intergenerational program. The research objectives are to identify intergenerational historical development and modules, review intergenerational policies and care facilities' guidelines. The focus policies and guidelines review are related to social, senior citizen, and childcare scope through the content analysis method. The result shows that the community-based intergenerational module is the preference for intergenerational development in Malaysia. The intergenerational aged care module typology can be further enhanced and extended to childcare facility building as one of the alternatives to the existing intergenerational care module.
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Wang, Ye, and Xindong Zhao. "Grandparental Childcare and Second Birth in China: Evidence from a Dynamic Model and Empirical Study." Complexity 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6693853.
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The availability of nonparental childcare may be an important factor that influences reproductive decisions. While there is still a shortage of formal childcare service in China, grandparents are one primary source of childcare for their grandchildren. However, impact evaluations regarding the contribution of grandparenting on fertility level in China are still limited; the established evaluation results are not conclusive, especially for the birth of the second child. In this paper, we provide a theoretical justification and an empirical study of the influence of grandparental childcare on the second birth. By introducing a dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) model, this study proves that intergenerational childcare plays a critical role in both boosting the fertility level and maintaining its positive tendency. Drawing on the nationally representative data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2016, we estimate the treatment effects of grandparental childcare for the first child on the second birth with the Propensity Score Matching method. After controlling the self-selection bias, the results show that intergenerational childcare can positively affect the second birth. Sensitivity analysis results show the relative robustness of our empirical estimates to potential hidden bias attributed to unobserved variables. We also draw policy implications from the analysis, calling for government policies not only to promote sustainable and healthy development of the childcare industry but also to support family life, especially grandparental childcare.
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Samsudin, Intan Liana, Syed Iskandar Ariffin, Maimunah Sapri, and Jamilia Mohd Marsin. "Reviewing Guidelines on Facilities and Practices of Intergenerational Care in Australia and Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, no. 16 (March 21, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2720.
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Developed countries like Australia have guidelines to support intergenerational care development for aged citizen. In Malaysia, the current facilities for aged care are single-user facilities and lack intergenerational interaction conducted with the other generations. The study reviewed the care facilities guidelines to support intergenerational interaction in the Malaysian context based on the Australian intergenerational care practice perspective. The qualitative method is employed through a comparative and content analysis of the guidelines. The finding showed that the childcare visitation model had been identified as a promising alternative intergenerational care to enhance intergenerational interaction in the Malaysian context. Keywords: Intergenerational care facilities; Aged Care; Childcare; Guidelines eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2720
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Zhong, Xiaohui, and Minggang Peng. "The Grandmothers’ Farewell to Childcare Provision under China’s Two-Child Policy: Evidence from Guangzhou Middle-Class Families." Social Inclusion 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2674.
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As China’s one-child policy is replaced by the two-child policy, young Chinese women and their spouses are increasingly concerned about who will take care of the ‘second child.’ Due to the absence of public childcare services and the rising cost of privatised care services in China, childcare provision mainly relies on families, such that working women’s choices of childbirth, childcare and employment are heavily constrained. To deal with structural barriers, young urban mothers mobilise grandmothers as joint caregivers. Based on interviews with Guangzhou middle-class families, this study examines the impact of childcare policy reform since 1978 on childbirth and childcare choices of women. It illustrates the longstanding contributions and struggles of women, particularly grandmothers, engaged in childcare. It also shows that intergenerational parenting involves a set of practices of intergenerational intimacy embedded in material conditions, practical acts of care, moral values and power dynamics. We argue that the liberation, to some extent, of young Chinese mothers from childcare is at the expense of considerable unpaid care work from grandmothers rather than being driven by increased public care services and improved gender equality in domestic labour. Given the significant stress and seriously constrained choices in later life that childcare imposes, grandmothers now become reluctant to help rear a second grandchild. This situation calls for changes in family policies to increase the supply of affordable and good-quality childcare services, enhance job security in the labour market, provide supportive services to grandmothers and, most importantly, prioritise the wellbeing of women and families over national goals.
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Bui, Cindy, Kyungmin Kim, and Karen Fingerman. "INTERGENERATIONAL SUPPORT EXCHANGES AND OLDER PARENTS' CARE RECEIPT AND EXPECTATIONS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.485.
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Abstract Distinguishing between support and care, this study investigated how different types of past support exchanges with children were associated with older parents’ care receipt and expectations. Older parents (N=190; Mage=79.98) reported on tangible, non-tangible, and childcare support exchanges with each of their adult children (N=709; Mage=52.69) in two waves of the Family Exchanges Study (2008 and 2013). Multilevel, within-family, logistic regression models were estimated. Parents with functional limitations more likely received care from children whom they received more tangible support from at the prior wave. Parents without current limitations more likely named children whom they previously provided childcare support to and received more tangible support from as their expected future caregiver. These findings emphasize continuity in the transition from receiving tangible support to receiving and expecting care from adult children. The importance of older parents’ childcare support given to adult children also highlights reciprocity in intergenerational care exchanges.
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Moussié, Rachel. "Childcare services in cities: challenges and emerging solutions for women informal workers and their children." Environment and Urbanization 33, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247820987096.
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Cities present important challenges for the extension of quality childcare services to informal workers, who make up most of the urban poor across the global South. For women, who are disproportionately responsible for childcare in their own households, access to quality childcare services allows for more time to earn an income and seek new employment. This is particularly important as women informal workers struggle to recover their earnings following the economic recession brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. For children, quality childcare services can contribute to lifelong health, educational and social development benefits. This article explores the key barriers to childcare provision for women informal workers and their children in cities, and assesses the role municipalities can play in the provision of childcare services. Access to quality childcare services in urban areas can help break the cycle of gendered and intergenerational poverty as cities recover from the pandemic.
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Humboldt, Sofia von, Ana Monteiro, and Isabel Leal. "INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG OLDER ADULTS AND GRANDCHILDREN: SUPPORTIVE AND CONFLICTUAL RELATIONSHIPS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.637.
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Abstract Objectives: To analyze how older adults conceptualize these intergenerational relationships. Methods: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were carried out with 316 older adults, aged 65-102, from three different nationalities who lived at home. Verbatim transcripts were examined. Results: Data analysis generated six themes representing intergenerational relationships: affection and reward; interest and integration; grandparent-grandchild interaction quality; privacy and boundaries definition; provision of support; and obligation of providing childcare, on two dimensions of ambivalence concerning their intergenerational relationships (supportive and conflictual). Conclusions: The empirical findings from this research indicate how ambivalence in intergenerational relationships is experienced by older adults and stress the contradictory expectations of older adults with grandchildren. Keywords: Ambivalence; conflict; intergenerational relationships; older adults; support.
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Jeon, Sesong, and Katie Walker. "The Role of Maternal Grandmothers’ Childcare Provision for Korean Working Adult Daughters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114226.
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Despite the Korean government’s investment in childcare facilities for dual-earner households, maternal grandmothers are increasingly taking on the responsibility of caring for their grandchildren. This trend is examined in the current research. While many studies have been conducted on grandparents’ experiences providing childcare for their grandchildren, significantly less research has been conducted on adult daughters’ experiences with their mothers’ childcare provision. This study utilized the concepts of intergenerational solidarity and a life-course approach to understand the experiences of 24 working adult daughters in Korea (ages 30–43) whose mothers provide childcare. Three major themes were identified following a grounded theory approach: gratitude vs. guilt, dependence vs. independence, and closeness vs. disagreement. The results indicated that adult daughters were found to have ambivalence toward their mothers, reflecting the lack of alternative options for childcare. The results from this study suggest that not only improving the quality of public childcare services, but also diversifying services to reflect the needs of dual-income families.
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Souralová, Adéla. "Mother–grandmother contracts: Local care loops and the intergenerational transfer of childcare in the Czech Republic." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 5 (December 2019): 666–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928719873833.
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This article explores the local care loops in the Czech Republic, a country that experienced radical changes in family policies and in the organization of childcare after the fall of Communism in 1989. The aim of this article is to answer the following questions: What is the dominant pattern of childcare organization? What is the nature of the local care loops in the Czech Republic? How are these local care loops reproduced by current social policies? Where are their roots in the pre-1989 period? To answer these questions, the article investigates the local care loops and everyday mobilities of childcare in the Czech Republic. It draws upon secondary analysis of scholarly (sociological and anthropological) works that focus on childcare and its organization and of works that analyse relevant social policies. The article presents the following findings: local care loops in the Czech Republic are endogamous and matrilineal, they follow a gendered care contract between generations of women, and they are thus part of intergenerational solidarity. The analysis illuminates how the care loops are shaped by the social policies that affect care cultures in the Czech Republic.
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Lu, Qiling, and Jing Hua. "Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031696.
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Education is highly valued in Asian families. However, as family members age, competition for intra-family resources affects children’s actualization in the family, which impacts the family’s future capital. However, most existing studies have interpreted the family’s intergenerational conflicts in terms of care services for older adults, and few have analyzed and simulated intra-family competition based on the intergenerational conflict. This study introduces a multi-agent simulation approach to observe micro-households’ educational investment choices under the dual pressures of retirement and childcare. This measure captures households’ investment choices and provides a decision basis for given households. Using data from the China Family Panel Study for 2014, 2016, and 2018, we explore the impact of these dual pressures on household educational expenditures and their differences across urban and rural areas, household aging, and income samples. We also simulated the micro-households’ investment choices under these dual pressures to observe that these pressures reduce investments in educational human capital in these “sandwich-like” households. The simulation results suggest that households with high childcare stress invest more in education than those with a high retirement burden. Moreover, income growth can mitigate the dual stress “crowding-out” effect on education, which is most pronounced in low-income, high childcare-stress households.
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KANJI, SHIREEN. "Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 523–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727941700071x.
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AbstractThe relationships between paid work and informal care are critical to understanding how paid work is made possible. An extensive source of childcare in the UK is the intergenerational care grandparents provide. Using data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample of children born in 2000, biprobit and instrumental variables (IV) analysis of mothers’ participation (given the social construction of caring responsibility) identifies a significant causal effect of grandparents’ childcare in that it:(i)raises the labour force participation of mothers with a child of school entry age on average by 12 percentage points (the average marginal effect);(ii)raises the participation of the group of mothers who use grandparent childcare by 33 percentage points compared to the situation if they did not have access to this care (the average treatment effect on the treated).Thus grandparent-provided childcare has a substantial impact on the labour market in the UK, an impact that may not be sustainable with forthcoming changes to the state pension age. Grandparents’ childcare increases the labour force participation of lone and partnered mothers at all levels of educational qualifications but by different degrees. Grandparents’ childcare enables mothers to enter paid work rather than extending their hours of paid work.
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Mookherjee, Dilip, Silvia Prina, and Debraj Ray. "A Theory of Occupational Choice with Endogenous Fertility." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.4.4.1.
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Theories based on partial equilibrium reasoning alone cannot explain the widespread negative cross-sectional correlation between parental wages and fertility, without restrictive assumptions on preferences and childcare costs. We argue that incorporating a dynamic general equilibrium analysis of returns to human capital can help explain observed empirical patterns. Other by-products of this theory include explanations for intergenerational mobility without stochastic shocks, connections between mobility and fertility patterns, and locally determinate steady states. Comparative statics exercises on steady states shed light on the effects of education, childcare subsidies, child labor regulations, and income redistribution policy on long run living standards. (JEL H23, I31, J13, J24, J62, J82)
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Qi, Xiaoying. "Floating grandparents: Rethinking family obligation and intergenerational support." International Sociology 33, no. 6 (August 21, 2018): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580918792777.
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Discussion of China’s internal migration typically focuses on the movement of young rural workers to cities and, correspondingly, on the women, children and elderly who remain in villages and small towns, the so-called ‘left-behind’. This article fills a gap in the literature by examining the situation of grandparents who join their migrant adult children to facilitate their workforce participation by providing childcare. The article shows how grandparents and their adult children reinterpret and negotiate intergenerational family obligation in constructing their own lives. Based on extensive interview data the article provides a theoretically-informed and empirically-based understanding of intergenerational relations in China’s internal labor migration.
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O'Connor, Henrietta. "Resisters, mimics and coincidentals: intergenerational influences on childcare values and practices." Community, Work & Family 14, no. 4 (November 2011): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2011.574869.
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Brannen, Julia. "Towards a Typology of Intergenerational Relations: Continuities and Change in Families." Sociological Research Online 8, no. 2 (May 2003): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.800.
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This paper focuses on ‘beanpole’ families, that is those with several living generations; it analyses patterns of care and paid work across the generations and the resource transfers which take place between generations. Drawing on a small-scale study of four generation families, it provides a typology of intergenerational relations with respect to the transmission of material assets, childcare and elder care, sociability, emotional support, and values. It examines two a fortiori conditions which are considered to shape intergenerational relations: (a) occupational status continuity/ mobility and (b) geographical proximity/ mobility. Four types of intergenerational relations are generated by this examination: traditional solidaristic; differentiated; incorporation of difference; and reparation in estrangement. The paper looks at families holistically and draws on the concept of ambivalence to describe the forces which push family members to carry on family patterns and those which pull them apart and lead them to strike out on their own. It shows how, whatever the type of intergenerational pattern, each generational unit seeks to make its own mark.
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Wyss, Malika. "Transnational Grandparenting at the Test of Migration Policy: The Case of European and Non-European Grandparents Who Come to Switzerland to Care for Their Grandchildren." Swiss Journal of Sociology 46, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjs-2020-0013.
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AbstractThis article is based on a qualitative and comparative study of childcare arrangements that European and non-European grandparents engage in in Switzerland. It shows that the Swiss migration regime significantly shapes these arrangements, as a result of free circulation versus visa constraints that discriminate EU and non-EU nationals. It also points to other structuring factors, such as the Swiss care and gender regimes or the quality of intergenerational relations.
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Chen, Mengtong, Qiqi Chen, Camilla Kin Ming Lo, Susan J. Kelley, Ko Ling Chan, and Patrick Ip. "Attitudes toward Grandparental Involvement in Hong Kong: A Trend Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169858.
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This article examines individuals’ attitudes toward the involvement of grandparents in family issues in Hong Kong. While existing studies have largely focused on the nature and types of grandparents’ involvement in childcare, it is worth conducting a quantitative investigation of the attitudes in the general population about grandparental involvement. Drawing on the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 waves of the Family Surveys, the study examined the trend in attitudes toward grandparental involvement with 8932 HK residents. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess individual and family relationship factors associated with the attitudes toward grandparental involvement. Results show that although most people held positive attitudes toward grandparental involvement, there was a significant drop in the agreement with grandparental involvement in 2017 across all age groups. The findings imply that intergenerational support tends to be weakened in HK in recent years. Involving grandparents in family issues in HK was more likely to be need-driven rather than value-driven, as parent respondents had relatively more positive attitudes toward grandparental involvement compared with non-parents. Positive family and intergenerational relationships were significantly associated with the positive attitudes toward grandparental involvement. Policymakers and service providers should recognize the changes in people’s attitudes toward family lives and provide appropriate support such as family counselling, (grand)parenting programs and childcare support to promote the wellbeing of families and older adults.
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Xu, Sipei, and Jia Zhang. "Do Social Pensions Affect the Physical and Mental Health of Rural Children in China? An Intergenerational Care Perspective." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 26, 2022): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073949.
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Research Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of China’s New Rural Pension (NRP) on the physical and mental health of rural children from the perspective of intergenerational care, and to examine whether family childcare types and the child’s gender affect the relationships between social pensions and the physical and mental health of rural children. Methods: We used data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) of the China Social Science Survey Center, a nationally representative sample at the individual, family, and county levels from 25 provinces (cities and districts) in China. A total of 2142 sets of valid samples of children, the elderly, family economic and social conditions, and basic family information were retained after data screening. The regression discontinuity (RD) method was employed for the statistical analyses. Results: The NRP had a significant effect on both the mental health (β = −2.818, p < 0.1) and physical health (β = −2.214, p < 0.1) of rural children. This effect varied with the family childcare type and child’s gender. Conclusions: We reveal a positive effect of the NRP on the physical and mental health of rural children. Therefore, the establishment of a social pension system may be used as an effective approach to enhance the health of rural children. The impact of the NRP on the physical and mental health of children differs with the family childcare type and their gender, which should be taken into consideration when using social pensions to enhance child health.
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Kraniauskienė, Sigita, and Margarita Gedvilaitė-Kordušienė. "Kartų solidarumas Lietuvoje: anūkų priežiūros įtaka senelių gerovei." Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2012.2.397.
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Santrauka. Remiantis tarpgeneracinėmis solidarumo bei konflikto teorijomis, straipsnyje analizuojama senelių pagalba prižiūrint anūkus Lietuvoje. Straipsnis pagrįstas 2009 metais Demografinių tyrimų instituto atlikto „Kartų ir lyčių tyrimo“ duomenimis, kurie parodė, kad aktyviausiai senelių vaidmuo yra atliekamas nuo 50-ties iki 65-rių metų, o apie pusė anūkus prižiūrinčių senelių dar ir dirba. Svarbiausi veiksniai, lemiantys senelių dalyvavimą prižiūrint anūkus, yra senelių lytis, santuokinis statusas, subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas bei tai, ar gyvena kartu su anūkas, ar atskirai. Siekiant nustatyti senelių dalyvavimo prižiūrint anūkus sąsajas su jų gerove, naudotas Demografinių tyrimų institute sukurtas gerovės indeksas, susijęs su demografiniais procesais. Paaiškėjo, kad senelių dalyvavimas prižiūrint anūkus susijęs ne su visais, bet tik tam tikrais senelių gerovės aspektais. Straipsnyje ir aptariama šių skirtingų gerovės aspektų diferenciacija pagal anūkų priežiūros pagalbos teikimą ar neteikimą bei kitus svarbius veiksnius – senelių amžių, lytį bei užimtumo statusą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: seneliai, vaikų priežiūra, gerovė, daugialypiai vaidmenys.Key words: grandparents, child care, well-being, multiple roles.ABSTRACTGRANDPARENTS’ CHILDCARE SUPPORT IN LITHUANIA: PREDICTORS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR WELL-BEINGUsing theories of intergenerational solidarity and conflict, and data from the Demographic Research Institute’s 2009 survey, ‘Gender and Generations’, this article analyses childcare support provided by grandparents in Lithuania. The survey results revealed that the most active grandparents are aged between 50 and 65, and that half of those grandparents participating in childcare also have a job. The most important factors determining grandparents’ participation in childcare are gender, marital status, subjective health and whether grandparents and grandchildren live together or separately. To assess the connection between grandparents’ well-being and their role in childcare, the Demographic Research Institute’s well-being index, linked to demographic processes, was employed. The results show that childcare provision is related only to some aspects of grandparents’ well-being; this article discusses the distribution of various aspects of wellbeing by the provision or non-provision of childcare and by other crucial predictors: the age, gender and employment status of grandparents.
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Wang, Qi. "Family relations of middle-aged citizens in contemporary urban China: a grounded theory approach." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 41, no. 13/14 (September 14, 2021): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2021-0163.
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PurposeAlthough the Chinese nation is undergoing rapid modernisation and urbanisation, there remains widespread interest in some traditional familial arrangements and practices, particularly in the intergenerational context. This paper discusses the family relations of urban middle-aged citizens in present-day China.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed the grounded theory method to investigate family relations among middle-aged citizens in urban China based on data obtained via semi-structured interviews with 34 participants. A grounded theory coding strategy was used for data analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed evidence of a transformation towards downward solidarity, with decreasing intergenerational co-residency; that is, the traditional norm of adult children providing support to their older parents is rapidly losing popularity. However, middle-aged and older citizens continue to support their adult children by helping them purchase real estate and assisting with childcare activities.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the existence of intergenerational inequality. Policymakers should acknowledge this phenomenon and provide the younger generation with enough support to improve the wellbeing of the country's middle-aged and older population.Originality/valueThe transformation towards downward solidarity implies a new intergenerational relationship in contemporary China, in which many young people rely on financial and functional support from their older parents. Meanwhile, traditional norms continue to exist despite greater downward solidarity among the younger generation. In other words, old and new norms simultaneously exist.
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Doerwald, Friederike, Birte Marie Albrecht, Imke Stalling, and Karin Bammann. "Domain-specific life satisfaction among older adults with and without children: The role of intergenerational contact." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257048.
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Background Life satisfaction is associated with many important health outcomes among older adults and is an indicator of successful ageing. The present study aims to replicate earlier findings regarding relationships between satisfaction with various life domains and life satisfaction in older adults. The study furthermore explores how parental status is associated with satisfaction with different life domains and how two types of intergenerational contact (contact with own children; post-retirement work in childcare) relate to life satisfaction. Methods Participants were 1978 older adults, aged 65–75 year (51.7% female), who live in Bremen and took part in the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study. 82.6% of the participants had one or more children. All participants completed a questionnaire, which among others comprised items assessing life satisfaction as well as satisfaction with six different life domains (satisfaction with living situation, financial situation, leisure time, health, family, neighbors and friends). Results LS is significantly related to all of the investigated life domains, independent of sex and age. For the participants with children, life satisfaction had the highest association with satisfaction with family (β: 0.202; 95%CI: 0.170–0.235), followed by satisfaction with neighbors and friends (β: 0.151; 95%CI: 0.111–0.191), and health satisfaction (β: 0.148; 95%CI: 0.120–0.176). In comparison to that, participants without children had the highest association between life satisfaction and satisfaction with health (β: 0.193; 95%CI: 0.135–0.252), followed by satisfaction with family (β: 0.175; 95%CI: 0.114–0.236) and satisfaction with neighbors and friends (β: 0.154; 95%CI: 0.077–0.232). In participants with children, there was a non-significant negative association between life satisfaction and work in childcare (β: -0.031; 95%CI: -0.178–0.116), while life satisfaction was statistically significantly positively associated to work in childcare in participants without own children (β: 0.681; 95%CI: 0.075–1.288). Conclusions The results suggest that the domain-specific approach to life satisfaction can elucidate differences in the correlates of life satisfaction and well-being between older adults with and without children. They further suggest that the benefits of working with children for life satisfaction may be more pronounced in older adults without children than older adults with children.
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Young, Katie. "Hindi Film Songs in the Home: Gendered Experiences of Singing Popular Songs in Tamale, Northern Ghana." Ethnomusicology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 264–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21567417.66.2.05.
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Abstract Beginning in the 1950s, Dagbamba and Hausa women in Tamale listened to Hindi film songs in their homes, via gramophone records and through state-run women's radio programs. Hindi film songs were soon integrated into existing domestic singing practices, including songs meant for domestic labor (tuma-yila) and childcare (biyola-yila). Through an analysis of oral history interviews as well as recorded performances of Hindi film songs sung by women, men, and youth in Tamale, I show how everyday performances of Hindi film songs reveal gendered and intergenerational experiences of domestic space, labor, and social life in Tamale.
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Deindl, Christian. "The Connection Between Social Inequality And Intergenerational Transfers Between Three Generations In Europe." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 789–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2913.
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Abstract Family members support each other across the entire family cycle. Parents help their adult children with financial transfers and hands-on-support and childcare, while children in mid-life often support their older parents with help and care. However, there is profound social inequalities linked to intergenerational transfers. While there is some research on inequality for some types of intergenerational transfers and some transfer directions, there is still no conclusive study bringing together all different support types between multiple generations from different social backgrounds over time. In our view, taking a longitudinal multi-generational perspective is essential to capture dependencies and negotiations within families from different socio-economic backgrounds within different regional contexts. If middle-aged parents have to take care of their own older parents, they have fewer resources for their(grand-)children, who might then receive less attention and support from them. This may differ according to access to support from public or private institutions. Here, country and regional specifics have a huge impact on support patterns within the family, which can only be captured when looking into developments and change. Using six waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we look at intergenerational transfers between multiple generations over time across European regions, considering mid-aged Europeans in the “sandwich” position between older parents and children and include multiple transfer directions and types over time to assess the links between social inequality and intergenerational solidarity in Europe’s ageing societies. The impact of Covid 19 on this issue will also be considered.
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Zhao, Yan, and Yu Huang. "Migrating (Grand)Parents, Intergenerational Relationships and Neo-Familism in China." Journal of Comparative Social Work 13, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v13i2.175.
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Based on a case study in one residential community in Shenzhen, China, this article explores the relationship between the migration of elder (grand)parents and the intergenerational relationship between the elders and their adult children. Specifically, we analyse how the intergenerational relationship influences and is influenced by the migration of the elders. The empirical data consists of eight qualitative in-depth interviews with elder migrants, who primarily migrated for helping with childcare. The analysis is embedded in theoretical discussions around Chinese descending/neo-familism (Yan, 2011, 2016), which depicts the significant changes that have taken place in Chinese family life, and new perceptions on the traditional ideals and norms regarding family relations in China (e.g. the notion of filial piety). Based on the analysis, this article argues that the migration of the elder (grand)parents is one specific form of descending/neo-familism, which entails an intergenerational solidarity that builds upon intimacy, with the focus and meaning of life flow downward to the third generation, as well as entailing aspects of self-salvation (Yan, 2017). However, it also identifies tensions between the generations that are further intensified by the migration, most notably the elder generation’s loss of autonomy and authority within the joint family structure. Furthermore, this article also raises some suggestions for social work intervention for this group.
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Norouzi, Neda, and Jacqueline L. Angel. "Intergenerational Day Centers: A New Wave in Adult and Child Day Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010809.
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Intergenerational Day Centers (IDCs) are an innovation that addresses two important societal challenges, the continuing need for childcare and the emerging demand for older-adult supportive services that help them remain independent in their homes. These facilities provide care, and specialized resources and activities for both older adults and children in one location. While the importance and benefits of these programs have been proven, there is scant information in the literature and best-practice guidelines on the planning and development of these programs. This qualitative study focuses on the research, planning, and building development for new IDCs in metropolitan areas. It is based on a case example of the process of establishing an IDC in the City of Austin, which was an element of the Age-Friendly Austin Plan. It examines the applicable literature and the extensive involvement of experts in architecture, community planning, and public health policy as well as data collected from community engagement workshops to facilitate the IDC’s creation and operation. This study offers a developmental strategy method that can be adopted and utilized by other cities, developers, and designers who are interested in building IDCs.
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Bosoni, Maria Letizia, and Sara Mazzucchelli. "Generations Comparison: Father Role Representations in the 1980s and the New Millennium." Genealogy 3, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3020017.
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In the light of relevant and current debate on the changing role of fathers, this contribution is aimed at analysing the international literature on fatherhood, comparing two distinct periods of time, from the social, cultural and demographic point of view: the years 1980–1999 and the new millennium. This will contribute to identifying features of the fatherhood transformation in these two contexts, which in fact refer to two generations of fathers. The research questions to be answered are: Which aspects characterize the process of fatherhood transformation, in an intergenerational perspective? How are paternal childcare practices represented in different historical and social periods? An analysis of the academic publications on fathers in Scopus and Google Scholar will be conducted, in the two temporal periods indicated, using T-Lab software, in order to map fathers’ role representations.
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Hünteler, Bettina, and Clara H. Mulder. "Geographic Proximity to Parents, Intergenerational Support Exchange, and Migration Within Germany." European Journal of Population 36, no. 5 (March 17, 2020): 895–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09558-w.
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Abstract Previous research on internal migration has emphasised the importance of local ties to family members outside the household, and to parents in particular. Family members who live close to an individual’s place of residence represent a form of local social capital that could make migrating costlier, and therefore less likely. This idea has been empirically supported. Yet, how family ties bind remains largely unexplained. We assume that intergenerational support is a manifestation of local social capital, and that spatial proximity is needed for support to be exchanged. Thus, we used mediation analysis that includes explicit measures of support exchanges between parents and their adult–children born in 1971–1973, 1981–1983, and 1991–1993 to explain the binding effect of living close to parents. Logistic regression models of migrating a distance of more than 40 km were conducted using eight waves of the German pairfam data. Living close to one’s parents was indeed found to be negatively associated with the likelihood of migration, and part of this association could be explained through intergenerational support: the more the instrumental support an adult child exchanged with her/his parent, the less likely she/he was to migrate. Receiving emotional support from the parents was associated with an increase in migration propensity. Neither giving emotional help nor receiving help with childcare functioned as mediators. It thus appears that adult children are particularly likely to value the proximity of their parents when they are exchanging instrumental support, but that the emotional bond between adult children and their parents can often be maintained over longer distances.
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Ngin, ChorSwang, and Julie DaVanzo. "Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular Malaysia." Asian Journal of Social Science 27, no. 2 (1999): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382499x00048.
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AbstractThis paper reports the findings from focus group discussions and ethnographic interviews that were conducted in 1996 in Malay, Chinese and Indian communities in Peninsular Malaysia. Whereas a common perception in the literature is that formal parent-child coresidence remains the ideal, many urban participants of all ethnic groups felt that quasi-coresidence-parents and their adult children living nearby and assisting each other but not actually coresiding was a desirable arrangement, but there were different degrees of emphasis and different motivations, depending on the traditional pressure on coresidence and their experience with urban living. Multiple forces are shaping decisions regarding intergenerational living arrangements, including religion, traditional ideals regarding post-marital residence, labour market opportunities and women's participation in urban employment, availability and cost of housing, needs for childcare, people's experience with rural and urban living, and the health status and socioeconomic status of the elderly.
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Ta, Na, Zhilin Liu, and Yanwei Chai. "Help whom and help what? Intergenerational co-residence and the gender differences in time use among dual-earner households in Beijing, China." Urban Studies 56, no. 10 (October 24, 2018): 2058–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018787153.
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An extensive literature has documented the conflict between employment and household responsibilities and its impacts on the gendered patterns of daily activities in dual-earner households. However, most studies have focused exclusively on the division of household labour in nuclear households, with insufficient attention paid to the impact of alternative household strategies such as co-residence with extended family members. This article investigates the extent to which the presence of elderly parents shifts gendered activity patterns and even reduces the gender inequality in time use in urban China. By drawing on an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2012, we compare and contrast the gendered patterns in time use between nuclear family households and extended family households. We find that co-residence mitigates the tension between employment and household responsibilities for women and leads to greater gender equality in the division of household labour and a reduced gender gap in the time spent on employment. However, co-residence only enables women to shift their time allocation from household responsibilities to employment rather than to pursue discretionary activities, and therefore its positive role is limited. We further discuss the policy implications given the limitations of intergenerational co-residence as an individual-based solution for childcare and other social services in transitional urban China.
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Williams, Nicole, Katrina Milaney, Daniel Dutton, and Wilfreda E. Thurston. "Systemic Factors Explain Differences in Low and High Frequency Shelter Use for Victims of Interpersonal Violence." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 11, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29413.
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Intimate partner violence is detrimental to women and children’s health and social outcomes. In order to identify the complex factors that shape help-seeking behaviour and what places women at highest risk of recurrence of violence and shelter use, it is critical to examine how individual and systemic factors influence shelter use. The Healing Journey Project was a longitudinal study conducted across Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to identify the experiences of women who were victims of intimate partner violence. A total of 665 women who had previously experienced IPV were interviewed biannually over a four-year period. Descriptive statistics informed probit regressions that then identified several factors that differentiate single frequency shelter users from high frequency users. The results emphasize the importance of using intersectionality theory to recognize the interplay of multiple factors to showcase the complexity of IPV and how it affects shelter use. The results also emphasize how colonialism’s lasting effects are pervasive, alongside the impacts of poverty, intergenerational abuse and structural barriers to housing and childcare. Implications require changes to policy and government funding to enhance access to gender and culturally safe housing with trauma-informed supports to both intervene and potentially prevent multiple experiences of violence.
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GOERRES, ACHIM, and MARKUS TEPE. "Age-based self-interest, intergenerational solidarity and the welfare state: A comparative analysis of older people's attitudes towards public childcare in 12 OECD countries." European Journal of Political Research 49, no. 6 (September 14, 2010): 818–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01920.x.
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Sear, Rebecca. "Family and fertility: does kin help influence women’s fertility, and how does this vary worldwide?" Population Horizons 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pophzn-2017-0006.
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AbstractDespite the tendency of some academic disciplines to assume that the nuclear family is normative, the family takes a number of different forms cross-culturally. Regardless of family form, family members typically cooperate in raising children. Intergenerational help (from grandparents to parents and children), for example, is a cross-cultural universal. Such cooperation means that the availability of kin may be one salient factor in deciding whether and when to have children. Here I consider the evidence for whether the availability of kin does influence fertility, and whether these relationships vary cross-culturally. I find evidence from middle and lower income populations that the presence of kin does increase fertility, and that these relationships are plausibly driven by cooperation between family members. In higher income contexts, associations between kin and fertility are mixed, and appear particularly sensitive to how kin availability and support is measured. There is some evidence that certain measures of support from kin (such as emotional support or help with childcare) increases the likelihood of subsequent births, but kin support is not always positively associated with fertility. Family matters for fertility, then, though these relationships may be complex and context-specific. Policy needs to take this diversity into account, and should not focus exclusively on the nuclear family model, nor neglect the roles other family members play in reproductive decisions.
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Donrovich, Robyn, Paul Puschmann, and Koen Matthijs. "Mortality Clustering in the Family. Fast Life History Trajectories and the Intergenerational Transfer of Infant Death in Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Antwerp, Belgium." Historical Life Course Studies 7 (March 16, 2018): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9285.
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In this article, we investigate to what degree infant mortality risk was transferred from grandmothers to mothers in the Antwerp district, Belgium, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We also investigate some of the determinants of infant mortality and explore the role of the family - paternal factors (presence, age, and social class), mother’s childcare experience, and infant household location - in the survival of infants. The data for this research were retrieved from the Antwerp COR*-database and were transferred into the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS). The results of the survival models show that women whose mother experienced three or more infant deaths had a 77% higher risk of experiencing the loss of an infant themselves, compared to women whose mother experienced zero infant deaths in the past. These results remained robust after controlling for potential mediating and moderating factors. The results on the age of the mother at birth, her marital status, as well as the living environment suggest that at least part of the intergenerational transfer in infant mortality can be explained on the basis of life history theory: women who grew up in a high-risk family tended to reproduce earlier and faster, and often raised their children without a partner. In this way they unconsciously created riskier conditions for the raising of their own infants: the mothers had little life experience, limited resources, and often no assistance from a partner. As a result, their own children were also at an increased risk of dying in infancy.
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Clark, Akia D., and Natalie A. DiPietro Mager. "“How do we get to them?” Insights on Preconception and Interconception Health for Women in Rural Northwest Ohio." Ohio Journal of Public Health 5, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v5i1.8739.
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Background: Rural women in the United States are at increased risk for poor preconception and interconception health. In a previous study, women living in Hardin County, a Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Area and maternity care desert in rural northwest Ohio expressed their concerns and their need for more resources to improve their health. As a follow-up study, key informants of Hardin County were interviewed to provide further insight on current resources for preconception and women’s health available to community members, barriers and challenges community members face, and interventions could be implemented in the county to improve health and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A purposive sample of 14 key informants from community assets in Hardin County were recruited and individually interviewed with semistructured questions from 2 domains: perceived needs and barriers to care. Interview recordings were transcribed, precoded, and thematically analyzed. Participants received a $20 gift card as a token of appreciation. Results: Three themes were characterized from the data: current resources available, community observations, and suggested intervention strategies. Key informants identified the federally-qualified health center and YMCA, among others, as potentially underutilized resources for reproductive-age women. The small-town culture was described as both an advantage and disadvantage when trying to raise awareness about preconception/interconception health. Interventions built on partnerships and utilizing various outlets were suggested. Childcare, intergenerational knowledge transfer, and trust were issues crossing multiple themes. Conclusion: Key informants gave direction on available resources for reproductive-age women and potential approaches to provide education and outreach regarding preconception/interconception health and care.
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Kvist, Jon. "The post-crisis European social model: developing or dismantling social investments?" Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2013.809666.
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This paper offers a theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of the changing European social models in wake of the economic crisis and the promotion of social investments by the European Commission. Theoretically, the article provides a conceptual framework for comparative macro-analysis of social investments that takes into account how social investment policies and returns vary over the life-course and are interdependent. Empirically, the article uses this conceptual framework to examine whether EU policy strategies and national welfare reforms follow a social investment approach. Analysing developments of social investment strategies and policies in three life-stages, the article finds that many EU strategies embody elements of a social investment strategy whereas the impact of the crisis on the national level differs across countries, life-stages, and policies. In most countries, the overall policy impact of the crisis seems to be small on childcare coverage, large on youth polarization, and to increase retirement ages. The crisis will be felt in years to come with reduced life-income for younger cohorts, lower fertility laying the ground for intergenerational conflicts, and migration of skilled youth implying returns of social investments made in southern parts of Europe benefitting northern parts. That said, the overall evidence points towards social investments taking a larger role in Europe after the crisis. However, the result is unlikely to become a uniform European social investment model as the countries most in need of social investments are also the countries least likely to develop high-quality social investments.
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Khan, Mushira, Sheetal Shah, and Ajla Basic. "PROMOTING POSITIVE AGING IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING SOUTH ASIAN AMERICANS: AN EXPLORATORY QUALITATIVE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1918.
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Abstract Between 2010 and 2017, South Asians were the fastest-growing major ethnic minority group in the US, growing at a rate of 40% over the previous decade (SAALT, 2019). This exponential growth, along with a rapidly aging US population, implies that a significant proportion of the South Asian American population will be 65 years or older in the coming years; yet research on the lived experiences/needs of older South Asian Americans is limited. To address this gap, this qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators to healthy or positive aging in a sample of community-dwelling South Asian Americans 50 years and older. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 South Asian American older adults (18 women and 14 men). Thematic analysis of the interview data showed that level of acculturation, proficiency in English, cultural beliefs/practices, awareness about available health and social services, degree of religiosity, and the density of social networks were key determinants of healthy aging. Compared to those who were US-born or had immigrated earlier in life, participants who had immigrated later in life (post-retirement) appeared more financially and/or emotionally dependent on their adult children and expressed ambivalence vis-à-vis future caregiving arrangements and intergenerational co-residence. Nearly all participants shared that helping their adult children with childcare, cooking, or other household chores gave them a sense of purpose and made them feel valued. Study findings suggest that along with culturally appropriate programs and policies to support healthy aging, increased volunteering opportunities may enhance subjective well-being in South Asian American older adults.
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Prins, Esther, and Kai A. Schafft. "Individual and Structural Attributions for Poverty and Persistence in Family Literacy Programs: The Resurgence of the Culture of Poverty." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 9 (September 2009): 2280–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100902.
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Background/Context Educational researchers have long sought to understand the factors that enable or constrain persistence in non-formal adult education and family literacy programs. Scholars typically posit three sets of factors influencing persistence: situational (learners’ life circumstances), institutional (programmatic factors), and dispositional (learners’ personal experiences and attitudes). This body of literature tends to emphasize institutional and dispositional factors such as program quality, learner motivation, and self-efficacy. Situational factors, such as lack of childcare, are often considered less influential and/or beyond practitioners’ control. However, by focusing on individualistic and programmatic factors, scholars and educators risk overlooking the ways in which social structures and community contexts shape educational participation and achievement, thereby underestimating the chronic socio-economic insecurity experienced by families in poverty. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The purpose of this article is to analyze how family literacy practitioners utilize individual and/or structural factors in explaining the determinants of adult persistence in family literacy programs and the causes of poverty for adult learners and other community residents. Research Design This article is based on a qualitative study of persistence in family literacy programs across urban and rural contexts. The data are drawn from interviews with 30 family literacy professionals at 20 program sites across Pennsylvania, supplemented by interviews with 17 learners in three programs. Conclusions/Recommendations The family literacy practitioners in this study tended to attribute learner persistence mainly to individual qualities such as motivation, and often described adult learners in terms consistent with the culture of poverty thesis, specifically, the failure to value education, lack of motivation, and the view that poverty is an intergenerational cycle perpetuated by the habits and traits of the poor. Contrary to culture of poverty stereotypes, family literacy participants characterized themselves as determined individuals who value education and want to make something of themselves. Individual-level explanations characterize the dominant understandings of poverty and educational persistence in the U.S., and thus shape practitioner thinking about adult learners’ economic circumstances and the reasons they stay in or drop out of adult education. The pervasiveness of the culture of poverty thesis in professional environments and discourses helps explain why dedicated, compassionate practitioners frame persistence and poverty individualistically. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the interrelationship between individual and structural dimensions of persistence, suggesting how a constellation of poverty-related factors disrupts program participation. We argue that motivation and other personal attributes are socially constructed, geographically distributed, and inextricably linked to structural factors such as the economic exclusion of the poor.
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Gubernskaya, Zoya, and Joanna Dreby. "US Immigration Policy and the Case for Family Unity." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 2 (June 2017): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500210.
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As the Trump administration contemplates immigration reform, it is important to better understand what works and what does not in the current system. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the principle of family unity, a hallmark of US immigration policy over the past 50 years and the most important mechanism for immigration to the United States. Since 1965, the United States has been admitting a relatively high proportion of family-based migrants and allowing for the immigration of a broader range of family members. However, restrictive annual quotas have resulted in a long line of prospective immigrants waiting outside of the United States or within the United States, but without status. Further policy changes have led to an increasing number of undocumented migrants and mixed-status families in the United States. Several policies and practices contribute to prolonged periods of family separation by restricting travel and effectively locking in a large number of people either inside or outside of the United States. On top of that, increasingly aggressive enforcement practices undermine family unity of a large number of undocumented and mixed-status families. Deportations — and even a fear of deportation —cause severe psychological distress and often leave US-born children of undocumented parents without economic and social support. A recent comprehensive report concluded that immigration has overall positive impact on the US economy, suggesting that a predominantly family-based migration system carries net economic benefits. Immigrants rely on family networks for employment, housing, transportation, informal financial services, schooling, childcare, and old age care. In the US context where there is nearly no federal support for immigrants' integration and limited welfare policies, family unity is critical for promoting immigrant integration, social and economic well-being, and intergenerational mobility. Given the benefits of family unity in the US immigrant context and the significant negative consequences of family separation, the United States would do well to make a number of changes to current policy and practice that reaffirm its commitment to family unity. Reducing wait times for family reunification with spouses and children of lawful permanent residents, allowing prospective family-based migrants to visit their relatives in the United States while their applications are being processed, and providing relief from deportation and a path to legalization to parents and spouses of US citizens should be prioritized. The cost to implement these measures would likely be minor compared to current and projected spending on immigration enforcement and it would be more than offset by the improved health and well-being of American families.
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Airey, Laura, David Lain, Jakov Jandrić, and Wendy Loretto. "A selfish generation? ‘Baby boomers’, values, and the provision of childcare for grandchildren." Sociological Review, May 4, 2020, 003802612091610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120916104.
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‘Baby boomers’, born after the Second World War, have been portrayed as selfish and individualistic, depriving subsequent generations of the opportunities they themselves benefitted from. This debate has ignored intergenerational transfers within families, such as provision of grandparental childcare. This article explores why grandparents choose to provide childcare for grandchildren while their adult children are working. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 55 grandparents, we argue that values are essential to understanding why grandparents chose to provide childcare in the first place. These values relate to the importance of family-based childcare, familial obligations towards adult children, and intergenerational solidarity. While values shaped the desire to provide some childcare, the socio-economic and employment circumstances of adult children and grandparents influenced the nature of the childcare provided and the changes grandparents made to their lives to accommodate caring. Some grandparents significantly changed their employment and housing circumstances to provide childcare, undermining the stereotype of a ‘selfish generation’.
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Gleeson, Judy. "Planting Seeds: Fostering Preschool Children’s Interactions with Nature and Enhancing Intergenerational Relationships in a Campus Community Garden." Journal of Childhood Studies, December 22, 2019, 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/jcs00019340.
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Since 2015, children aged 3–6 years attending a childcare centre on a university campus in western Canada have been part of an intergenerational community gardening initiative called Planting Seeds. This article provides an overview of the project to date and explores the positive outcomes for children who took part, namely, the fostering of intergenerational relationships, an increased understanding of where food comes from, and an enhanced knowledge of planting, nurturing, growing, and consuming plants, including food (herbs, fruits, and vegetables).
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Ansari, Nadia Umair, Muhammad Zaki Rashidi, and Kashif Mehmood. "“My roots are green”: a phenomenological discourse on intergenerational green motherhood in non-Western consumption contexts." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, September 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-02-2021-0017.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe the lived experiences of modern urban mothers in Pakistan as they navigate shared motherhood responsibilities with family elders. This paper brings to light their feelings, fears and ambitions towards safeguarding the environment for the future of their children, by reconciling ancient traditions of their female elders with contemporary sustainable consumption practices. Design/methodology/approach This phenomenological study explores lived experiences of urban mothers through in-depth personal interviews. Their discourse explores sharing childcare responsibilities with family matriarchs, negotiating “green” parenting strategies between intergenerational parenting partners. Findings Navigating life through the intersections of modernity and tradition and ethical choices and consumerism, urban mothers integrate wisdom of their ancestors into their modern lives to mitigate the environmental degradation of today. Originality/value This study sheds light on a unique genre of green mothers, termed as the traditionally green eco-mom, which allows modern mothers and their female elders to synchronously adopt sustainable childcare behaviours that overcome intergenerational barriers by reconciling contemporary lifestyles with traditional wisdom.
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Yang, Qingqing, and Jinzhu Jia. "Association of intergenerational relationships with cognitive impairment among Chinese adults 80 years of age or older: prospective cohort study." BMC Geriatrics 22, no. 1 (November 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03529-y.
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Abstract Background The oldest-old (aged 80 or older) are the most rapidly growing age group, and they are more likely to suffer from cognitive impairment, leading to severe medical and economic burdens. The influence of intergenerational relationships on cognition among Chinese oldest-old adults is not clear. We aim to examine the association of intergenerational relationships with cognitive impairment among Chinese adults aged 80 or older. Methods This was a prospective cohort study, and data were obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 14,180 participants aged 80 or older with at least one follow-up survey from 1998 to 2018. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini Mental State Examination, and intergenerational relationships were assessed by getting main financial support from children, living with children or often being visited by children, and doing housework or childcare. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of associations between intergenerational relationships and cognitive impairment. Results We identified 5443 incident cognitive impairments in the 24-cut-off MMSE cohort and 4778 in the 18-cut-off MMSE cohort between 1998 and 2018. After adjusting for a wide range of confounders, the HR was 2.50 (95% CI: 2.31, 2.72) in the old who received main financial support from children, compared with those who did not. The HR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) in the oldest-old who did housework or childcare, compared with those who did not. However, there were no significant associations between older adults’ cognitive impairments and whether they were living with or often visited by their children. Our findings were consistent in two different MMSE cut-off values (24 vs. 18) for cognitive impairment. Conclusions Sharing housework or childcare for children showed a protective effect on older adults’ cognitive function, whereas having children provide primary financial support could increase the risk for cognitive impairments. Our findings suggest that governments and children should pay more attention to older adults whose main financial sources from their children. Children can arrange some easy tasks for adults 80 years of age or older to prevent cognitive impairments.
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Boll, Christina, and Till Nikolka. "Rightly blamed the ‘bad guy’? Grandparental childcare and COVID-19." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569121x16152354192487.
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This study explores the link between regular grandparental childcare and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates at the level of German counties. In our analysis, we suggest that a region’s infection rates are shaped by region-, household- and individual-specific parameters. We extensively draw on the latter, exploring the intra- and extra-familial mechanisms fuelling individual contact frequency to test the potential role of regular grandparental childcare in explaining overall infection rates. We combine aggregate survey data with local administrative data for German counties and find a positive correlation between the frequency of regular grandparental childcare and local SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. However, the statistical significance of this relationship breaks down as soon as potentially confounding factors, in particular, the local Catholic population share, are controlled for. Our findings do not provide valid support for a significant role of grandparental childcare in driving SARS-CoV-2 infections, but rather suggest that the frequency of extra-familial contacts driven by religious communities might be a more relevant channel in this context. Our results cast doubt on simplistic narratives postulating a link between intergenerational contacts and infection rates.
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Bui, Cindy N., Kyungmin Kim, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Support Now to Care Later: Intergenerational Support Exchanges and Older Parents’ Care Receipt and Expectations." Journals of Gerontology: Series B, April 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac059.
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Abstract Objectives Older parents’ previous support exchanges with adult children could influence which child currently provides care, or which child they expect to provide care in the future. Distinguishing between support and care, we investigated how different types of past support exchanges with children were associated with care receipt and expectations from the parent’s perspective. Methods Older parents (N = 190; Mage = 79.98) reported on exchanges of tangible and non-tangible support, and provision of childcare support with each of their adult children (N = 709; Mage = 52.69) in two waves of the Family Exchanges Study (2008 and 2013). Multilevel, within-family, logistic regression models were estimated to examine how past patterns of support exchanges were associated with which child the older parent receives or expects to receive care from. Results Parents with functional limitations at Wave 2 were more likely to receive care from children whom they received more tangible support from at the prior wave. Parents without current limitations more likely named children whom they previously provided childcare support to and received more tangible support from as their expected future caregiver. Discussion This study distinguished different types of support to examine unique pathways to received and expected care within families. Taking the older parent’s perspective, these findings endorse previous studies that emphasize continuity in the transition from receiving tangible support to receiving and expecting care from adult children. The findings also suggest the importance of older parents’ childcare support given to adult children, highlighting reciprocity in intergenerational care exchanges.
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Keizer, Renske, Caspar J. van Lissa, Henning Tiemeier, and Nicole Lucassen. "The Influence of Fathers and Mothers Equally Sharing Childcare Responsibilities on Children’s Cognitive Development from Early Childhood to School Age: An Overlooked Mechanism in the Intergenerational Transmission of (Dis)Advantages?" European Sociological Review, October 11, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz046.
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Abstract There is increasing awareness that the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantages is filtered through intra-familial dynamics, in particular, parenting practices. Surprisingly, few studies have investigated what role the extent to which fathers and mothers equally share childcare responsibilities plays in this transmission. Using data from 2,027 families in a Dutch prospective cohort study, our structural equation modelling analyses showed direct effects of equally sharing responsibilities for playful activities on children’s cognitive development. Additionally, our study yielded some evidence for the hypothesis that equally sharing responsibilities for playful activities mediates the impact of parents’ educational attainment on children’s cognitive development. This suggests that the extent to which fathers and mothers equally share childcare responsibilities functions as an underlying mechanism for maintaining social class disparities in children’s cognitive development. Our findings also suggest that policies and programmes that encourage fathers and mothers to equally share playful activities may help promote children’s cognitive development.
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Abbott, Karla M., Beth M. S. Boyens, and Jennifer A. A. Gubbels. "Intergenerational Talking Circles Exploring Psychosocial Stressors for Preterm Birth and Strategies for Resilience among American Indian Women." Journal of Transcultural Nursing, March 4, 2022, 104365962210812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10436596221081269.
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Introduction: This study used phenomenological qualitative research design to understand the primary psychosocial stressors American Indian (AI) women face during pregnancy—factors that may be overlooked as contributing to the community’s heightened preterm birth rate—and to identify mechanisms of resilience. Method: Using Lakota talking circles (TCs) as the data collection method, researchers collected young mothers’ and tribal elders’ narratives about pregnancy and parenting. Themes were derived and verified from the transcripts. Results: During the TCs, the women identified transgenerational/historical trauma and instability in housing, childcare, and relationships as major contributors to pregnancy and parenting stress. Discussion: Having overcome obstacles while bearing and raising children, AI women exhibit resilience. Participants indicated that the TCs provided support and a cultural connection, thus serving as both a data collection method and an intervention. Future work will involve using TCs to support young mothers, transmit elder wisdom, and increase resilience among AI women.
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Jahanshahi, Babak, Susan McVie, and Kath Murray. "Like mother, like child? Sex differences in the maternal transmission of offending among a Scottish cohort of pre-adolescent children." Criminology & Criminal Justice, November 18, 2021, 174889582110561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17488958211056177.
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That parental offending acts as a strong risk factor for offending in children is well-established within criminology. Yet, research on maternal offending is relatively limited, even though many women take on a significantly higher share of childcare responsibilities, and as such, might reasonably be expected to exert an especially strong influence on their children. In part, this lacuna might be attributed to a male-centric lens within criminology, which has tended to overlook female offending. Aimed in part at redressing this imbalance, this article investigates the maternal transmission of offending among a cohort of 12-year-olds, using self-report data from the longitudinal Growing Up in Scotland study. The analysis shows that intragenerational maternal offending acts as a significant predictor of offending among daughters, but that intergenerational offending does not. We found no significant relationship between mothers’ offending and sons’, who appear more vulnerable to a range of wider risk factors.
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Juozeliūnienė, Irena, Gintė Martinkėnė, Irma Budginaitė-Mačkinė, and Laimutė Žilinskienė. "Mobility Restrictions and Transnational Families: How COVID-19 Pandemic May Affect Families and Caring for Children?" Filosofija. Sociologija 32, no. 4 (December 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/fil-soc.v32i4.4616.
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In this article, we analyse how global mobility restrictions related to COVID-19 may affect Lithuanian transnational families and transnational practices of parenting. The article draws on the data from the quota-based survey, implemented while carrying out the research project ‘Global Migration and Lithuanian Family: Family Practices, Circulation of Care and Return Strategies’ (No. S-MIP-17-117), funded by the Lithuanian Research Council, to analyse the transnational care practices that require the mobility of family members. The challenges created by the pandemic are discussed while analysing the data from the case studies of transnational families. The article reveals that the free mobility of family members in the global world is an important part of the transnational care practices, ensuring continuity of family relations and childcare, regardless of the residence of the family members. The anti-mobility regimes create challenges to family unity, intergenerational relations and give ground to the emergence of new stigmas.
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Tecklenburg, Rena, and Mandy Boehnke. "The role of kinship in bi-national couples: Intergenerational solidarity in Turkish-German families." Frontiers in Sociology 7 (September 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.856178.
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Intermarriages, i.e., marriages between people from different ethnic backgrounds, have increased in recent years in many parts of the world and also in Germany. These marriages, often between an immigrant and a native partner, have various implications for family dynamics. To date, research has focused on the causes of ethnic exogamy, partnership quality, and fertility among interethnic couples. Using problem-centered interviews with Turkish-German couples living in Germany, the present study aims to broaden this perspective by looking at kin relationships (modes of interaction, spatial and emotional closeness, assistance and support, agreement on values and responsibilities), which have hardly been studied in bi-national families so far. The study pursues a qualitative research design that allows tracing kinship relations and perceived negotiation processes. Using the intergenerational solidarity typology as an heuristic for the qualitative content analysis the results will provide answers to the question what role kinship networks play in these partnerships and how their possibly different demands are balanced. The analysis of the interviews shows that in most cases the quality of relationships is high in both Turkish and German kinship networks and is characterized by openness and cordiality. As a result, relatives from both sides offer emotional, financial, or childcare support to the interviewed families, but differ in the type of support mainly due to physical proximity. Based on the results, we cannot claim that family cohesion is generally closer on one side of the extended family.