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Journal articles on the topic 'Interferometry diagnostics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Trolinger, James D., Amit Lal, Joshua Jo, and Stephen Kupiec. "Programmable Holographic Optical Elements as Adaptive Optics in Optical Diagnostics Devices." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.108.

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This paper reports a combined, Hartmann/Digital Holographic interferometry inspection system for inspecting optical components that do not easily lend themselves to conventional interferometric or Hartmann inspection. A programmable holographic optical element (HOE) preconditions wavefronts to extend the dynamic range of interferometry measurements and also transforms the same system into a scanning Hartmann operation, which has lower resolution but higher dynamic range. Inspecting aspherical surfaces with existing interferometers requires special, computer generated holographic optical elements to transform the wavefront to within the dynamic range of the interferometer. The Hartmann measurement provides the information required to precondition a reference wave that avails the measurement process to the more precise phase shifting interferometry. The SLM offers yet other benefits including a method for minimizing the effects of speckle on the measurement. The paper provides example measurements, discusses the limitations, and suggests other potential applications.

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2

Drozd, Alexey, and Dmitriy Sergeev. "Design of a phasemeter for real-time measurements of the average plasma density with the microwave interferometer of the tokamak T-15MD." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 063501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087847.

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Interferometry is one of the key diagnostics for fusion research. This diagnostic measures electron plasma density. Interferometers that work on an intermediate frequency are widespread nowadays. The phase shift between interferometer signals has to be measured. The use of a microwave interferometer on machines, such as a tokamak, leads to challenging requirements for the phasemeter operation. We present a method to provide real-time measurements of phase shifts with values much higher than 2[Formula: see text]. The phasemeter has been designed for the microwave interferometer of the T-15MD tokamak. It is based on microcircuits AD8302. Two signals with frequencies of 5 and 10 MHz are used as interferometer outputs. The phasemeter output will be used to create a feedback loop for the working gas injection into the tokamak chamber to control the plasma density. The phasemeter has been successfully tested. The typical phase error and non-linearity of the device are 1° and 5 × 10−4, respectively.

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3

Dugin, N., A. Antipenko, V. Bezrukovs, V. Gavrilenko, A. Dementjev, A. Lesins, M. Nechaeva, et al. "Radio Interferometric Research of Ionosphere by Signals of Space Satellites." Open Astronomy 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2017-0144.

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AbstractSince 2012, the Radiophysical Research Institute and the Lobachevsky State University at Nizhny Novgorod, Russia and the Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Centre at Irbene, Latvia are making radio interferometric experiments on study of ionosphere parameters in a quiet (natural) state of medium and research of artificial turbulence of the ionosphere, heated by the emission from the SURA facility. Remote diagnostics of the ionosphere is implemented using a method of radio sounding by signals of navigation satellites in combination with the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) method. As a result of spectral and correlation analysis, interferometric responses of the two-element (RRI–UNN) and three-element (RRI–UNN–Irbene) interferometers were received by observations of 12 satellites of the navigation systems GLONASS and GPS. Here the first results are reported.

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4

Stoller, P. C., J. Carstensen, B. Galletti, C. B. Doiron, and A. Sokolov. "Optical Diagnostics of Switching Arcs Near Current-zero: Speckle Imaging and Interferometry." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2017.1.44.

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Optical diagnostics can be used to obtain spatially resolved measurements of the density, temperature, conductivity, and electron density of circuit breaker arcs embedded in transonic flows; these can be used to validate the results of simulations, the accuracy of which can currently be assessed in only a limited way. We compare speckle imaging and an interferometric approach. Both use a pulsed nanosecond laser. The speckle imaging setup does not require a reference beam, but only yields information about the gradient of the refractive index. Its accuracy is sensitive to the alignment of the optical components. Interferometry directly yields high resolution images of the index of refraction, from which the density can be calculated using the Gladstone-Dale relation. By using two laser beams, interferometry provides spatially resolved information about the electron density. Such measurements are a significant step towards more accurate CFD models.

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5

Chizhov, P., V. Bukin, and S. Garnov. "Interferometry in Femtosecond Laser Plasma Diagnostics." Physics Procedia 71 (2015): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.08.363.

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6

Hojo, H., and A. Mase. "Fabry-Pérot interferometry for microplasma diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 10 (October 2006): 10F329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2351910.

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7

Cotton, W., G. Perrin, R. Millan-Gabet, O. Delaa, and B. Mennesson. "High Resolution Radio and IR Observations of AGB Stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S287 (January 2012): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312007041.

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AbstractAsymptotic Giant Branch Stars (AGB) are evolved, mass losing red giants with tenuous molecular envelopes which have been the subject of much recent study using infrared and radio interferometers. In oxygen rich stars, radio SiO masers form in the outer regions of the molecular envelopes and are powerful diagnostics of the extent of these envelopes. Spectroscopically resolved infrared interferometry helps constrain the extent of various species in the molecular layer. We made VLBA 7 mm SiO maser, Keck Interferometer near IR and VLTI/MIDI mid IR high resolution observations of the stars U Ari, W Cnc, RX Tau, RT Aql, S Ser and V Mon. This paper presents evidence that the SiO is depleted from the gas phase and speculate that it is frozen onto Al2O3 grains and that radiation pressure on these grains help drive the outflow.

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8

Spolladore, Luca, Ivan Wyss, Riccardo Rossi, and Pasquale Gaudio. "A Multiphysics Ray Optics Model for the Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas and the Design of Laser-Based Diagnostics in Nuclear Fusion Reactors." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010434.

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Laser-based methods are widely used techniques for thermonuclear plasma diagnostics, since they can probe the internal of the plasma, being contactless and non-invasive. The interferometer, the polarimeter and Thomson scattering are the most widespread techniques, providing line-integral information of the electron density and the magnetic field (interferometer–polarimeter) and local information of the electron density and temperature (Thomson scattering). The design of the diagnostics is a fundamental step, which usually requires an iterative process to maximise the performances of the diagnostics and their durability. In the future reactors, such as ITER and DEMO, the working environment will be much challenging, due to the various electro-mechanical, thermal and nuclear loads which may affect the life of the components and degrade the performances of the diagnostics. This work aims to present the modelling of plasma interferometry, polarimetry and Thomson scattering applied to a ray optics code. The model, developed on the COMSOL Multiphysics software, can be easily interfaced with multiphysics problems, allowing the possibility to test the performances of the diagnostics in several conditions.

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9

Kubes, P., M. Paduch, S. Auluck, M. J. Sadowski, J. Cikhardt, D. Klir, J. Kravarik, et al. "Observation of filaments in mega-ampere dense plasma focus within pure deuterium by means of simultaneous schlieren and interferometry diagnostics." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (January 2023): 012710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124093.

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Fifteen-frames interferometric diagnostics at the PF-1000 facility was enhanced by adding four frames of the schlieren diagnostics and by splitting of four channels in the optical delay line. This setup enabled the visualization of gradients in the plasma density perpendicular to the direction of the diagnostic laser beam, and their relationship with larger structures visualized by using laser interferometry. The schlieren pictures showed filamentary structures of submillimeter 200–300 μm diameter in shots performed with pure deuterium filling. Filaments were observed in a thin (millimeter-thick) lateral-boundary layer, in lobules, and in internal fast transforming regions of the dense plasma column. Their high-density gradients and location in the regions of recorded (or inferred) currents indicated local concentrations of the magnetic field and current distribution. Millimeter- and submillimeter-size sources of fast charged particles, which were identified in the recorded ion pinhole pictures, have been conjectured to be a manifestation of high local concentrations of the magnetic energy.

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10

Buccellato, R., P. F. Cunningham, M. M. Michaelis, and A. Prause. "Comparative electron density measurements for the refractive fringe diagnostic and Nomarski interferometry." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004638.

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Massive carbon targets were irradiated with a pulsed ruby laser and the laser-produced plasma electron densities were simultaneously evaluated using Nomarski interferometry and the refractive fringe diagnostic. An agreement of half an order of magnitude between the two diagnostics was obtained.

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11

Zaidel', A. N. "Application of holographic interferometry for plasma diagnostics." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 149, no. 05 (May 1986): 105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0149.198605d.0105.

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12

Saridakis, Emmanuel, Attia Boudjemline, Marcus J. Swann, Irene M. Mavridis, and Naomi E. Chayen. "Dual polarization interferometry in macromolecular crystallisation diagnostics." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (August 29, 2010): s293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876731009330x.

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13

Zaidel', A. N. "Application of holographic interferometry for plasma diagnostics." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 29, no. 5 (May 31, 1986): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1986v029n05abeh003381.

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14

Lehecka, T., W. A. Peebles, N. C. Luhmann, and T. N. Carlstrom. "Two‐color interferometry for fusion plasma diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 8 (August 1988): 1580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140151.

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15

Loktionov, E., and V. Telekh. "Application of polarization interferometry to plasma diagnostics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1009 (April 2018): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1009/1/012026.

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16

Parker, S. C. J., C. M. E. Holden, and P. J. Bryanston-Cross. "The Study of Transonic Flows by Quantitative Holographic Interferometry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 208, no. 2 (July 1994): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_258_02.

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Optical flow diagnostics are non-intrusive and therefore suitable for investigating perturbation sensitive transonic flows. Unfortunately, most of these techniques depend on particle seeding and are confined to point measurements. In contrast, holographic interferometry is whole field, does not require seeding, and is an appropriate tool for the study of temporal and spatial properties of unsteady flows. At present, however, holographic interferometry is mainly used qualitatively due to the practical restrictions of data recording, acquisition and processing. This paper addresses some of the limitations that have prevented routine use of holographic interferometry in production wind tunnel testing. Vibration is a frequent problem when capturing interferometric data; however, this paper shows that the associated rigid body movements are easily removed during Fourier transform fringe analysis. A second major limitation arises when attempting to interpret and analyse interferograms from three-dimensional flows. To overcome this problem, a prototype optical system is described which can record multiple interferometric views around the working section. The information extracted from these images may then be used to tomographically reconstruct the three-dimensional density field. Holographic measurements for two-dimensional and three-dimensional axisymmetric flows are presented and compared quantitatively to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions. The experimental and computational results are in general agreement and demonstrate the feasibility of automating the extraction of three-dimensional density data from holographic interferograms.

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17

Chizhov, P. A., V. V. Bukin, and S. V. Garnov. "Interferometry diagnostics of plasma channel of femtosecond filament." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 666 (January 11, 2016): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/666/1/012018.

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18

Britun, N., M. Gaillard, S.-G. Oh, and J. G. Han. "Fabry–Perot interferometry for magnetron plasma temperature diagnostics." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 17 (August 16, 2007): 5098–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/17/015.

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19

Gut, Kazimierz. "Broadband differential interference in a waveguide with a gradient refractive index distribution." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i3.1157.

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The paper presents a model of a planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer with a gradient refractive index distribution. Its response to the change in the refractive index of the waveguide cover layer is presented. The analysis was performed for the wavelength range from 0.5um to 0.7um. The orthogonal TE0 and TM0 modes propagating in this wavelength range are considered. The influence of the coverage refractive index change on the output characteristics of the system is shown. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Kozma, F. Kehl, E.Ehrentreich-Forster, C. Stamm and F.F. Bier, "Integrated planar optical waveguide interferometer biosensors: A comparative review", Biosens. Bioelectron. 58, 287 (2014), CrossRef M. Kitsara, K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, and E. Makarona, "Integrated optical frequency-resolved Mach-Zehnder interferometers for label-free affinity sensing", Opt. Express 18, 8193 (2010). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, A. Salapatas, E. Makarona, A. Bostials, et al., "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express 22, 8856 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, E. Makarona, A. Botsialas, A. Salapatas, et al, "All-silicon monolithic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a refractive index and bio-chemical sensor", Opt. Express 22, 26803 (2014) CrossRef K. Misiakos, E. Makarona, M. Hoekman, R. Fyrogenis, K. Tukkiniemi, et al., "All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components", ACS Photonics 6, 1694 (2019). CrossRef E. Makarona, A. Salapatas, I. Raptis, P. Petrou, S. Kakabakos, et al., "Broadband Young interferometry for simultaneous dual polarization bioanalytics", J Opt Soc Am B 34, 1691 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express 25, 3111 (2017), CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials 9, 729 (2019), CrossRef T. Pustelny, J. Ignac-Nowacka and Z. Opilski, "Optical investigations on layered metalphthalocyanine nanostructures affected by NO2 applying the surface plasmon resonance method", Opt. Appl. 34, 563 (2004). CrossRef W. Lukosz, Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. "Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors", 29, 37 (1995). CrossRef Z. Qi, S. Xia and N. Matsuda, "Spectropolarimetric interferometer based on single-mode glass waveguides", Opt. Express, 16, 2245 (2008). CrossRef K. Gut, A. Zakrzewski, T. Pustelny, "Sensitivity of Polarimetric Waveguide Interferometer for Different Wavelengths", Acta Phys. Pol. 118, 1140 (2010). CrossRef J.E. Broquin, S. Honkanen, "Integrated Photonics on Glass: A Review of the Ion-Exchange Technology Achievements", Appl.Sci. 11, 4472 (2021). CrossRef G.C. Righini, J. Linares, "Active and Quantum Integrated Photonic Elements by Ion Exchange in Glass", Appl.Sci. 11, 5222 (2021). CrossRef

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20

Mascali, David, Eugenia Naselli, and Giuseppe Torrisi. "Microwave techniques for electron cyclotron resonance plasma diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 033302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075496.

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This paper reviews the main microwave diagnostic techniques and tools adopted in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) (and others) ion source laboratories, with a special focus on techniques and instruments developed at INFN-LNS. Along with the tools used for optimization of microwave launching (power monitors, spectral analysis, and network analyzers), this paper deals, in particular, with more recent devices on-purpose developed to perform in-plasma analysis, such as absolute density measurements and density profiles retrieval. Among these, the first example of microwave interferometry for ECR compact machines (the VESPRI interferometer at INFN-LNS) will be briefly discussed, in combination with microwave polarimetric techniques based on Faraday rotation detection. More sophisticated microwave techniques are going to be designed and are now at a numerical study stage, e.g., profilometry and imaging via inverse scattering methods (this paper will offer short theoretical bases and first numerical results on 1D profilometry). In the end, the relevance about the implications and interplays of microwave techniques in multidiagnostic systems (microwave, optical, and x-ray domains) will be commented, with a special focus on time resolved microwave measurements and advanced signal processing via wavelet transform, useful for characterization of plasma instabilities.

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21

Torrisi, G., E. Naselli, L. Di Donato, G. S. Mauro, M. Mazzaglia, B. Mishra, A. Pidatella, G. Sorbello, and D. Mascali. "RF and microwave diagnostics for compact plasma traps and possible perspectives for fusion devices." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): C01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01050.

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Abstract Plasma diagnostics is a topic having a great impact on R&D in compact ion sources as well as in large fusion reactors. Towards this aim, non-invasive microwave diagnostics approaches, such as interferometric, polarimetric and microwave imaging profilometric techniques can allow obtaining volumetric, line-integrated or even space-resolved information about plasma electron density. Special probes can be also designed and implemented in order to characterize external and/or self-generated radio-waves in the plasmas. In particular, the design, construction and operation of a K-band microwave interferometry/polarimetry setup based on the Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) method at INFN-LNS will be described: this tool provides reliable measurements of the plasma density even in the extreme unfavorable wavelength-to-plasma scale ratio in plasma-based ion sources. A “frequency sweep” and a post-processing filtering method (for interferometry and polarimetry, respectively) were used to filter out the multipath contributions or cavity induced depolarizations in the detected signals. Besides this, the use of the aforementioned RF plasma-immersed probes will also be discussed, which allow measuring local E-fields and fast temporal response in order to characterize turbulent (through kinetic instabilities, cyclotron maser emission, etc.) vs. stable plasma regimes. An analysis based on wavelet transform applied to measurements of plasma radio self-emission in B-minimum and simple mirror traps will be presented. These tools and methods have the potential to be applied to plasma machines both in compact traps and large-size reactors with a proper scaling.

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22

Paoletti, D., G. Schirripa Spagnolo, M. Facchini, and P. Zanetta. "Artwork diagnostics with fiber-optic digital speckle pattern interferometry." Applied Optics 32, no. 31 (November 1, 1993): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.006236.

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23

Soto, Leopoldo, Hernán Chuaqui, and Maurice Skowronek. "Eight-frame holographic interferometry system for transient plasma diagnostics." Applied Optics 34, no. 34 (December 1, 1995): 7831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.007831.

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24

Valdivia, M. P., G. Perez-Callejo, V. Bouffetier, G. W. Collins, C. Stoeckl, T. Filkins, C. Mileham, et al. "Current advances on Talbot–Lau x-ray imaging diagnostics for high energy density experiments (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 115102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101865.

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Talbot–Lau x-ray interferometry is a refraction-based diagnostic that can map electron density gradients through phase-contrast methods. The Talbot–Lau x-ray deflectometry (TXD) diagnostics have been deployed in several high energy density experiments. To improve diagnostic performance, a monochromatic TXD was implemented on the Multi-Tera Watt (MTW) laser using 8 keV multilayer mirrors (Δθ/θ = 4.5%-5.6%). Copper foil and wire targets were irradiated at 1014–1015 W/cm2. Laser pulse length (∼10 to 80 ps) and backlighter target configurations were explored in the context of Moiré fringe contrast and spatial resolution. Foil and wire targets delivered increased contrast <30%. The best spatial resolution (<6 μm) was measured for foils irradiated 80° from the surface. Further TXD diagnostic capability enhancement was achieved through the development of advanced data postprocessing tools. The Talbot Interferometry Analysis (TIA) code enabled x-ray refraction measurements from the MTW monochromatic TXD. Additionally, phase, attenuation, and dark-field maps of an ablating x-pinch load were retrieved through TXD. The images show a dense wire core of ∼60 μm diameter surrounded by low-density material of ∼40 μm thickness with an outer diameter ratio of ∼2.3. Attenuation at 8 keV was measured at ∼20% for the dense core and ∼10% for the low-density material. Instrumental and experimental limitations for monochromatic TXD diagnostics are presented. Enhanced postprocessing capabilities enabled by TIA are demonstrated in the context of high-intensity laser and pulsed power experimental data analysis. Significant advances in TXD diagnostic capabilities are presented. These results inform future diagnostic technique upgrades that will improve the accuracy of plasma characterization through TXD.

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25

Zhang, P., S. Ohshima, H. Zhao, C. Deng, S. Kobayashi, S. Kado, T. Minami, et al. "Development and initial results of 320 GHz interferometer system in Heliotron J." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 113519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101808.

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A new 320 GHz solid-state source interferometer is installed in the Heliotron J helical device to explore the physics of high-density plasmas (ne > 2–3 × 1019 m−3, typically) realized with advanced fueling techniques. This interferometry system is of the Michelson type and is based on the heterodyne principle, with two independent solid-state sources that can deliver an output power of up to 50 mW. A high time resolution measurement of <1 µs can be derived by tuning the frequency of one source in the frequency range of 312–324 GHz on the new system, which can realize the fluctuation measurement. We successfully measured the line-averaged electron density in high-density plasma experiments. The measured density agreed well with a microwave interferometer measurement using a different viewing chord, demonstrating that the new system can be used for routine diagnostics of electron density in Heliotron J.

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26

Ul’yanov, S. S. "Speckle interferometry and Doppler diagnostics of microflows of scattering liquids." Optics and Spectroscopy 94, no. 1 (January 2003): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1540202.

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27

Ibarra-Castanedo, Clemente, Stefano Sfarra, Dario Ambrosini, Domenica Paoletti, Abdelhakim Bendada, and Xavier Maldague. "Diagnostics of panel paintings using holographic interferometry and pulsed thermography." Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 7, no. 1 (June 2010): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/qirt.7.85-114.

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28

Vyacheslavov, L. N., A. L. Sanin, K. Tanaka, and K. Kawahata. "Capabilities of Imaging Interferometry for Plasma Diagnostics in Open Systems." Fusion Science and Technology 47, no. 1T (January 2005): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a638.

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29

HERGOTT, J. F., P. SALIÈRES, H. MERDJI, L. LE DÉROFF, B. CARRÉ, T. AUGUSTE, P. MONOT, et al. "XUV interferometry using high-order harmonics: Application to plasma diagnostics." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191056.

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In this paper, we present and compare the two different XUV interferometric techniques using high-order harmonics that have been developed so far. The first scheme is based on the interference between two spatially separated phase-locked harmonic sources while the second uses two temporally separated harmonic sources. These techniques have been applied to plasma diagnostics in feasibility experiments where electron densities up to a few 1020 e−/cm3 have been measured with a temporal resolution of 200 fs. We present the main characteristics of each technique and discuss their respective potentials and limitations.

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30

Philipp, Harald. "Flame diagnostics by light sheet imaging and by shearing interferometry." Optical Engineering 32, no. 5 (1993): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.133341.

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31

Lobanov, L., and V. Pivtorak. "Diagnostics of Residual Stressed State of Welded Structures Using the Methods of Holographic Interferometry and Electron Speckle-Interferometry." Materials Science Forum 404-407 (August 2002): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.404-407.867.

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32

Chen Guanghua, 陈光华, 郭江建 Guo Jiangjian, 黄显宾 Huang Xianbin, 刘俊 Liu Jun, 张朝辉 Zhang Zhaohui, 王贵林 Wang Guilin, 周少彤 Zhou Shaotong, and 阳庆国 Yang Qingguo. "Twoframe differential interferometry for aluminum wires Zpinch plasma diagnostics." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 9 (2013): 2287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20132509.2287.

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33

Paoletti, D., and G. S. Spagnolo. "Application of fibre optic digital speckle interferometry to mural painting diagnostics." Measurement Science and Technology 4, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/5/012.

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34

Zhou, M., Y. K. Zhang, L. Cai, Z. H. Shen, X. R. Zhang, and S. Y. Zhang. "Optical interferometry diagnostics in laser-induced spallation on film–substrate systems." Surface and Coatings Technology 165, no. 2 (February 2003): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(02)00773-9.

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35

Ivanov, V. V., V. A. Markelov, M. A. Novikov, and S. S. Ustavshchikov. "Differential low-coherence interferometry for in situ diagnostics of transparent structures." Technical Physics Letters 30, no. 5 (May 2004): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1760864.

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36

Han, Sang Beom, Yu-Chi Liu, Karim Mohamed-Noriega, Louis Tong, and Jodhbir S. Mehta. "Objective Imaging Diagnostics for Dry Eye Disease." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3509064.

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Traditional diagnostic tests for dry eye disease (DED), such as fluorescein tear film break-up time and the Schirmer test, are often associated with poor reproducibility and reliability, which make the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of the disease challenging. Advances in ocular imaging technology enables objective and reproducible measurement of changes in the ocular surface, tear film, and optical quality associated with DED. In this review, the authors will discuss the application of various imaging techniques, such as, noninvasive tear break-up time, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, meibography, interferometry, aberrometry, thermometry, and tear film imager in DED. Many studies have shown these devices to correlate with clinical symptoms and signs of DED, suggesting the potential of these imaging modalities as alternative tests for diagnosis and monitoring of the condition.

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Gut, Kazimierz. "Model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer as a humidity sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i2.1022.

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The paper presents a model of the planar broadband differential waveguide interferometer. Its response to the change in thickness and refractive index of the waveguide layer due to the change in humidity is presented. The analysis was carried out for the wavelength range from 450 nm to 850 nm. The orthogonal modes TE0 and TM0, which propagate in this wavelength range, are considered. It is shown that by using light near the maximum of the system characteristic, instead of the spectrometer, the total power at the system output can be measured. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Kitsara, K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, and E. Makarona, "Integrated optical frequency-resolved Mach-Zehnder interferometers for label-free affinity sensing", Opt. Express 18, 8193 (2010). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, A. Salapatas, E. Makarona, A. Bostials, et al., "Broad-band Mach-Zehnder interferometers as high performance refractive index sensors: Theory and monolithic implementation", Opt. Express 22, 8856 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, I. Raptis, E. Makarona, A. Botsialas, A. Salapatas, et al "All-silicon monolithic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a refractive index and bio-chemical sensor", Opt. Express 22, 26803 (2014). CrossRef K. Misiakos, E. Makarona, M. Hoekman, R. Fyrogenis, K. Tukkiniemi, et al., "All-Silicon Spectrally Resolved Interferometric Circuit for Multiplexed Diagnostics: A Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Integrating All Active and Passive Components", ACS Photonics 6, 1694 (2019). CrossRef E. Makarona, A. Salapatas, I. Raptis, P. Petrou, S. Kakabakos, et al., "Broadband Young interferometry for simultaneous dual polarization bioanalytics", J Opt Soc Am B 34, 1691 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Broad-band difference interferometer as a refractive index sensor", Opt. Express 25, 3111 (2017). CrossRef K. Gut, "Study of a Broadband Difference Interferometer Based on Low-Cost Polymer Slab Waveguides", Nanomaterials 9, 729 (2019). CrossRef W. Lukosz, "Integrated optical chemical and direct biochemical sensors", Sensor Actuat. B-Chem. 29, 37 (1995). CrossRef W. Knoll, O. Azzaroni, H. Duran, J. Kunze-Liebhäuser, K. Lau, et al. "Nanoporous thin films in optical waveguide spectroscopy for chemical analytics", Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, 3299 (2020). CrossRef A. Bucciarellia, V. Mullonib, D. Maniglio, R.K. Pal, V.K. Yadavalli, at al., "A comparative study of the refractive index of silk protein thin films towards biomaterial based optical devices", Optical Materials 78, 407 (2018). CrossRef V.Prajzler, K. Min, S. Kim, and P. Nekvindova, "The Investigation of the Waveguiding Properties of Silk Fibroin from the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectrum", Materials 11, 112 (2018). CrossRef Q. Li, N. Qi, Y. Peng, Y. Zhange, L.Shi, et al. "Aggregation induced red shift emission of phosphorus doped carbon dots", RSC Advances 7, 178889 (2017). CrossRef P. Giovanni, Z. Yuji, N. Deboki, P. Nereus, D. Kaplan, et al. "The optical properties of regenerated silk fibroin films obtained from different sources", App. Phys. Lett. 111, 103702 (2017). CrossRef M. Procek, Z. Opilski, A. M. Maquenda, X.M. Berbel, S.Aznar-Cervantes et al., "Silk fibroin thin films for optical humidity sensing", Proceedings of SPIE 11204,1120409 (2019). CrossRef https://www.thorlabs.com/thorproduct.cfm?partnumber=M595F2 DirectLink

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Charatis, G., G. E. Busch, B. K. F. Young, and R. E. Stewart. "Diagnostic Characterization of Laser-Irradiated dot Targets." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100108139.

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AbstractWe have conducted a series of experiments at the KMS CHROMA facility using dot spectroscopy techniques to characterize uncertainties associated with spectral line ratio models commonly applied in determining electron temperatures and densities. Temperatures determined from the slope of the H-like free-bound continuum and densities via holographic interferometry, are compared to line ratio methods. Dot targets of (typically 100µmD Mg or Al) are irradiated with 2 to 40 × 1013W/cm2of 0.53µmlight. Time and spatial gradients are resolved using 4 diagnostics: a 4-frame holographic interferometer, an x-ray streak crystal spectrograph with a spatial imaging slit, a framing crystal x-ray spectrometer, and a conventional space-resolved time-integrating crystal spectrograph used for survey and calibration purposes. Preliminary results indicate the ionization distribution of these laser produced plasmas is not steady-state which plays an important role in measuring the temperature and and density. Electron temperatures derived from line-ratio techniques, assuming steady state conditions, disagree dramatically from simultaneous measurements using the slope of the H-like continuum. Electron densities using He-like triplet to singlet line ratios also differ from densities measured interferometrically.

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39

Yaskevich, Sergey, Anton A. Duchkov, and Artem Myasnikov. "A case study on receiver-clamping quality assessment from the seismic-interferometry processing of downhole seismic noise recordings." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): B195—B203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0293.1.

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For downhole microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing, the acquisition is performed using a set of three-component (3C) seismic receivers attached firmly to the borehole wall by a clamping mechanism. Such an acquisition cannot be repeated, and it is focused on recording weak signals. Thus, proper installation of the receivers is especially crucial for microseismic applications. We have developed a case study of using a seismic-interferometry approach for assessing the receiver’s installation quality from ambient-noise records. Crosscorrelation of one vertical receiver noise records with the others allows us to retrieve the direct body wave propagating along the receiver array. Our observations indicate that the inability to retrieve the direct body wave is an indicator of clamping issues. Our case study does not support the emergence-frequency hypothesis reported in the literature (that higher frequencies present in the retrieved body-wave spectrum imply better clamping quality). Another conclusion is that seismic-interferometry processing provides a stable assessment of the clamping quality only for the vertical receivers. Thus, one gets only partial diagnostics of the clamping quality for the 3C downhole tool. This is important because the horizontal components may be affected more by the clamping issues compared with the vertical components. The overall conclusion is that seismic-interferometry processing of noise records is recommended for the assessment of the downhole receiver installation prior to microseismic monitoring. It does not provide complete diagnostics but comes for free (does not need any additional technological operations or extra time).

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Lee, Sang-Joon, and Seok Kim. "Application of holographic interferometry and 2D PIV for HSC convective flow diagnostics." Measurement Science and Technology 15, no. 4 (March 19, 2004): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/15/4/008.

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Siders, C. W., S. P. Le Blanc, A. Babine, A. Stepanov, A. Sergeev, T. Tajima, and M. C. Downer. "Plasma-based accelerator diagnostics based upon longitudinal interferometry with ultrashort optical pulses." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.509994.

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42

Kálal, M. "Complex interferometry: Its principles and applications to fully automated on-line diagnostics." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 41, no. 8 (August 1991): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01597808.

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43

Lobanov, L. M., and V. A. Pivtorak. "Diagnostics of Structures by the Methods of Electron Shearography and Speckle-Interferometry." Materials Science 49, no. 4 (January 2014): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-014-9635-5.

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44

Zuiker, Christopher D., Dieter M. Gruen, and Alan R. Krauss. "Laser-Reflectance Interferometry Measurements of Diamond-Film Growth." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 5 (May 1995): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400044869.

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The remarkable properties of diamond, including its hardness, chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of friction, optical transparency, and semiconducting properties, have led to considerable research in the area of diamond thin-film deposition. Diamond films have been characterized ex situ by a large number of diagnostic techniques including Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, SEM, and TEM. In situ diagnostics, which can provide information in real time as the film is growing, are less common.Laser-reflectance interferometry (LRI) has been used to monitor the growth of diamond films in situ. The technique involves measuring the intensity of a laser beam reflected from the substrate surface on which the film is growing. The reflected beam is the sum of beams reflected by the gas-diamond interface and the diamond-silicon interface. Oscillations in the reflectivity are observed as the film grows because of interference between the reflected beams. Each oscillation indicates an increase in film thickness of λ/2n, where λ is the laser wavelength and n is the index of refraction of the film. If the index of refraction of the film is known, the thickness and growth rate can be determined in situ. For LRI measurements with 632.8-nm-wavelength HeNe lasers, the index of refraction of diamond films has been found to be within 10% of the bulk diamond value of 2.4. Each oscillation therefore indicates an increase in film thickness of 0.13 μm.The reflectivity measured by LRI is also affected by scattering because of surface roughness.

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Guteneva, Natalia V., Sergey L. Znoyko, Alexey V. Orlov, Maxim P. Nikitin, and Petr I. Nikitin. "Volumetric registration of magnetic nanoparticles for optimization of quantitative immunochromatographic assays for detection of small molecules." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818510006.

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Precise quantitative and highly sensitive detection of small molecules (haptens) is highly demanded in medicine, food quality control, in vitro diagnostics, criminalistics, environmental monitoring, etc. In the present work, the magnetic method of particle quantification and the optical methods of spectral correlation and spectral phase interferometry complement each other for optimization of a quantitative assay for measuring concentrations of small molecules. The assay employs magnetic nanoparticles as labels in rapid immunochromatographic format. The approach was demonstrated with fluorescein as a model molecule. The interferometric label-free biosensors were employed for selection of optimal reagents that produced high specificity and sensitivity. The method of magnetic particle quantification counted the magnetic labels over the entire volume of the immunochromatographic membrane to provide their distribution along the test strip. Such distribution was used for optimization of such parameters as concentrations of the used reagents and of antibody immobilized on the labels, amount of the labels and conjugates of haptens with protein carriers to realize the advanced quantitative immunochromatographic assay.

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Mustafina, I. A., Naufal Sh Zagidullin, V. N. Palvov, V. Sh Ishmetov, H. Jia, S. Hu, and B. Yu. "The use of optical coherent tomography for diagnostics of the coronary plaque structure." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 8 (September 26, 2017): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-8-687-692.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution method for intravascular imaging of coronary arteries based on interferometry. This review presents technical features of OCT systems and basic characteristics of OCT images with reference to its diagnosis value for the study of atherosclerosis in comparison with intravascular ultrasound. The experience with detection of vulnerable plaque and elucidation of plaque morphology as a mechanism of acute coronary syndrome is analyzed. This review focuses on the applicability of OCT to research and clinical practice in the field of invasive cardiology.

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Dhareshwar, L. J., N. Gopi, C. G. Murali, B. S. Narayan, and U. K. Chatterjee. "Studies on laser-driven shocks using a Nd:glass laser." Laser and Particle Beams 15, no. 2 (June 1997): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600010600.

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A review of work done on laser generated shocks in solids using a high-peak-power Nd:glass laser in the Laser and Plasma Technology Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is presented in this paper. The 20-J/5-ns Nd:glass laser used in the experiments is able to produce focused laser intensities in the range of 5 × 1011-1013 W/cm2 and a shock pressure in the range of 0.1–5 Mbar. A l-J/100-ps Nd:glass laser is also being developed for laser shock studies, details of which are presented. Several diagnostics have been developed for laser shock studies of which the main diagnostics are optical shadowgraphy, optical interferometry, and laser velocity interferometry for particle velocity measurement. The measurement of ablation pressure in various types of targets, the scaling of ablation pressure with laser intensity, the effect of laser beam nonuniformity on shockfront or ablation pressure uniformity, the smoothing of shockfront and pressure profiles in high-Z coated and high-Z doped targets, and so on, are the various experimental studies conducted. We have tried to study X-ray driven ablation in aluminum and plastic targets using gold and copper as X-ray producing targets. Uniform pressure of about 0.1 Mbar has been generated over an area of 4 mm2

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Makaeva, R. Kh, V. V. Takmovtsev, A. M. Tsareva, and N. I. Shakirov. "Diagnostics of the Technical Condition of Aircraft Rolling Bearings Using the Holographic Interferometry." Russian Aeronautics 64, no. 4 (October 2021): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068799821040139.

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Poplavski, Sergej, Bastian Hagmeister, Sebastian Tesch, and Georg Pretzler. "Spectral phase-front diagnostics for ultrashort laser pulses via quasi-self-referenced interferometry." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 39, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.437894.

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Chuaqui, H., L. Soto, M. Moreno, M. Favre, and E. Wyndham. "Optical design of a fast multiframe holographic interferometry system for transient plasma diagnostics." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 11 (November 1993): 3330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144300.

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