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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interferometer'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Ho, Lap. "High precision short-baseline pointing system using GPS interferometry." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179435242.

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2

Ramasubramanian, Srikanth. "Design and development of a portable Moiré interferometer." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3460.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 132 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131).
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3

Srnský, Petr. "Optovláknová interferometrie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317128.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is theoretical analysis of optical fiber sensory sensing using coherent and incoherent interferometry, creation of simulation models of interferometers and their practical measurement. The first part deals with the description of basic physical principles and interferometers. In the second part the thesis deals with the description and design of optical microphones, which are based on the principles of physical interferometers Michelson and Mach - Zehneder interferometer. Both models are simulated in the VPIphotonics simulation environment. In the third part of the thesis, both models are assembled and measured. The last part of the thesis presents the differences between the interferometers and the results of the measurements.
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4

Pulido, Daniel. "Instability in a cold atom interferometer." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430103-095432.

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5

Otto, Markus [Verfasser]. "Time-delay interferometry simulations for the laser interferometer space antenna / Markus Otto." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118740769/34.

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6

Mercer, Carolyn Regan. "Liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187127.

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A new instrument, the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI), has been developed for the measurement of phase objects. This instrument maintains the compact, robust design of Linnik's point diffiaction interferometer (PDI) and adds to it phase stepping capability for quantitative interferogram analysis. The result is a compact, simple to align, environmentally insensitive interferometer capable of accurately measuring optical wavefronts with very high data density and with automated data reduction. This dissertation describes the theory of both the PDI and liquid crystal phase control. The design considerations for the LCPDI are presented, including manufacturing considerations. The operation and performance of the LCPDI are discussed, including sections regarding alignment, calibration, and amplitude modulation effects. The LCPDI is then demonstrated using two phase objects: a defocus difference wavefront, and a temperature distribution across a heated chamber filled with silicone oil. The measured results are compared to theoretical or independently measured results and show excellent agreement. A computer simulation of the LCPDI was performed to verify the source of observed periodic phase measurement error. The error stems from intensity variations caused by dye molecules rotating within the liquid crystal layer. Methods are discussed for reducing this error. Algorithms are presented which reduce this error; they are also useful for any phase-stepping interferometer that has unwanted intensity fluctuations, such as those caused by unregulated lasers. It is expected that this instrument will have application in the fluid sciences as a diagnostic tool, particularly in space based applications where autonomy, robustness, and compactness are desirable qualities. It should also be useful for the testing of optical elements, provided a master is available for comparison.
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7

Gordon, James Andrew. "Investigations in preparation for the Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648406.

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8

Arain, Muzamil Arshad. "INTERFEROMETRY-BASED FREE SPACE COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION PROCESSING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3304.

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This dissertation studies, analyzes, and experimentally demonstrates the innovative use of interference phenomenon in the field of opto-electronic information processing and optical communications. A number of optical systems using interferometric techniques both in the optical and the electronic domains has been demonstrated in the filed of signal transmission and processing, optical metrology, defense, and physical sensors. Specifically it has been shown that the interference of waves in the form of holography can be exploited to realize a novel optical scanner called Code Multiplexed Optical Scanner (C-MOS). The C-MOS features large aperture, wide scan angles, 3-D beam control, no moving parts, and high beam scanning resolution. A C-MOS based free space optical transceiver for bi-directional communication has also been experimentally demonstrated. For high speed, large bandwidth, and high frequency operation, an optically implemented reconfigurable RF transversal filter design is presented that implements wide range of filtering algorithms. A number of techniques using heterodyne interferometry via acousto-optic device for optical path length measurements have been described. Finally, a whole new class of interferometric sensors for optical metrology and sensing applications is presented. A non-traditional interferometric output signal processing scheme has been developed. Applications include, for example, temperature sensors for harsh environments for a wide temperature range from room temperature to 1000 degree C.
Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics
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9

Doloca, Nicolae Radu. "Random phase shift interferometer." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989418529/04.

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10

Vémola, Tomáš. "Soustava Fabry-Perotova a Michelsonova interferometru pro měření délek s femtosekundovým laserem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229934.

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The thesis deals with a design of a comparing interferometer. It concerns a setup of two interferometers, one of them is a Michelson and another a Fabry-Pérot type. This set-up is made to compare results of length measurements simultaneously performed by each of them. In the Theory, basic principles of Michelson and Fabry-Pérot interferometers are described. A special attention is paid to an innovative method of length measurement with tunable lasers and optical frequency comb. In the Practical Part, so-called Pilot Experimental Setup is described. It is a prototype that has been used to perform basic experiments on comparing of the two above mentioned methods. Based on experimental results and practical experience with the Pilot Experimental Setup, a Final Setup is designed. It comes in a form of a stand-alone instrument.
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11

Kafle, Rudra Prasad. "Theoretical Study of Bose-Einstein Condensate-Based Atom Michelson Interferometers." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/184.

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Atom interferometers and gyroscopes are highly sensitive atom-optical devices which are capable to measure inertial, gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields and to sense rotations. Theoretically, the signal-to-noise ratio of atomic gyroscopes is about a hundred billion times more than that of their optical counterparts for the same particle flux and the enclosed area. Ultra cold atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) can easily be controlled and coherently manipulated on small chips by laser pulses. Atom-optical devices will therefore play a significant role in fundamental research, precision measurements, and navigation systems. In BEC-based atom interferometers, a BEC in a trap is split by using laser pulses, the split clouds are allowed to evolve, they are reflected, and then recombined by laser pulses to observe interference. The split clouds accumulate spatial phase because of the trap and the nonlinearity caused by atom-atom interactions. A velocity mismatch due to reflection laser pulses also introduces a phase gradient across each cloud. These factors contribute to spatial relative phase between the clouds at recombination, causing the loss of contrast of the interference fringes. The main objective of this dissertation is to study the dynamics of a split condensate in atom Michelson interferometers, investigate the effect of trap frequencies, nonlinearity, and the velocity mismatch on the contrast, and to obtain the best theoretical limit of performance in terms of the experimental parameters: trap frequencies, number of atoms, and the velocity imparted to the clouds by the splitting laser pulses.
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12

Klochko, S. "The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28700.

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13

North-Morris, Michael Brenton. "Phase-shifting birefringent scatterplate interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284209.

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A new phase-shifting scatterplate interferometer is realized by exploiting the polarization characteristics of a birefringent scatterplate. Controlling the component of polarization that is scattered allows the birefringent scatterplate to separate the test and reference beams. The advantages of this design are that it does not require auxiliary optics to be placed near the surface under test and the "hot spot" and background irradiance, which are inherent to scatterplate interferometers, can be eliminated. This study provides a description of the phase-shifting birefringent scatterplate interferometer, expands the theoretical model of the scatterplate interferometer to include polarization and phase shifting, analyzes the performance of the new interferometer and discusses possible sources of error induced by the design. In addition, a few component specific topics are addressed. Two methods for generating the birefringent scatterplate are presented and the role the scatterplate plays in removing the "hot spot" is explored. Furthermore, the practicality of using a liquid crystal retarder for phase shifting is analyzed in the process of determining the performance of the interferometer.
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14

Shiefman, Joseph 1947. "An achromatic Michelson stellar interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288742.

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Amplitude stellar interferometry systems are often limited by signal-to-noise ratio. When the limiting noise is photon noise it is possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio simply by increasing the observation time. When the source signal is extremely faint, the source signal may be overwhelmed by noises associated with the detection system. In these cases it is not possible to get an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio by increasing the observation time. It is for these faint object observations that the achromatic Michelson stellar interferometer (AMSI) is proposed. The AMSI uses N sub-systems, each sub-system being of the same design as a conventional Michelson stellar interferometer (MSI). The light from these N sub-systems is combined in such a way so as to produce a single set of "white light" fringes. By increasing the signal by a factor of N, the AMSI produces a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio. This dissertation first presents the theory behind the conventional MSI. Results are given from tolerancing the conventional MSI. The tolerancing is performed both with a computer model and with parallel analytical calculations. A chart which summarizes the tolerance results is presented near the end of Chapter 4. The theory behind the AMSI is stated along with the limitations of this method. A method for extending the AMSI through spectral multiplexing is also given. Tolerancing of the AMSI is also performed, again using both a computer model and parallel calculations. The AMSI is found to provide an increase in detectability of faint sources provided that it can be supplied with an adequate fringe-locking system or used in a space-based environment.
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15

Liu, Xiaojun. "A polarized lateral shearing interferometer and application for on-machine form error measurement of engineering surfaces /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20LIUX.

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16

Frater, Eric, and Eric Frater. "Optical Alignment with CGH Phase References." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621452.

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The growing field of high-order aspheric and freeform optical fabrication has inspired the creation of optical surfaces and systems which are difficult to align. Advances in optical alignment technology are critical to fabricating and integrating aspheric components in advanced optical systems. This dissertation explores the field of optical alignment with a computer-generated hologram (CGH) used as a reference. A CGH is a diffractive optic which may be used to create a desired phase profile across a beam of light, project irradiance patterns, or serve as a mask for an incident beam. The alignment methods presented in this dissertation are concerned with the use of a CGH to create reference phase profiles, or "wavefronts" , in a beam. In one application a set of axisymmetric CGH references are co-aligned. Each CGH has also been aligned to an aspheric mirror so the co-alignment of the CGH references is also a co-alignment of the aspheric mirrors. Another application is concerned with aligning an interferometer to test an aspheric mirror surface. The interferometer measures a "null" interference pattern when its wavefront accommodates a known surface profile. In this alignment application the CGH creates wavefronts which accommodate a known set of small spherical reference features at the test surface. An interference null from all the "phase fiducial" reference features indicates an aligned projection of the CGH. The CGH co-alignment method is implemented on a 4-mirror prime focus corrector known as the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Wide Field Corrector (HET WFC). It is shown that this method was very successful for centration alignment of some mirrors, whereas mechanical stability was the hardware limitation for other degrees of freedom. The additional alignment methods used in this project are described in detail and the expected alignment of the HET WFC is reported.The fabrication, characterization and application of spherical phase fiducials is demonstrated in a CGH-corrected Fizeau test prototype. It is shown that these reference features achieve <±1.5µm transverse alignment precision. A pair of phase fiducials is also applied to constrain the clocking and magnification of a projected wavefront. Fabrication and coordinate measurement of the features present the dominant challenges in these demonstrations.
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17

McConnell, Sean R. "Gas detection by use of Sagnac interferometer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16701/1/Sean_McConnell_Thesis.pdf.

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Gas composition and analysis forms a large field of research whose requirements demand that measurement equipment be as affordable, uncomplicated and convenient as possible. The precise quantitative composition of an atmospheric, industrial or chemically synthesised sample of gas is of utmost importance when inferring the properties and nature of the environment from which the sample was taken, or for inferring how a prepared sample will react in its application. The most popular and widely used technique to achieve this is Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and, without a doubt, this technique has set the standard for gas analysis. Despite the accuracy of the GCMS technique, the equipment itself is bulky, expensive and cannot be applied readily to field work. Instead, most field work is conducted using a single gas detector, capable only of detecting one particular molecule or element at a time. Presented here is an interferometric technique that theoretically, has the ability to address all three issues of bulkiness, affordability and convenience, whilst not being limited to one particular element or molecule in its analysis. Identifying the unknown constituents of a gaseous mixture using the proposed method, employs the optical refractive properties of the mixture to determine its composition. A key aspect of this technique is that the refractive index of an arbitrary mixture of gases will vary depending on pressure and wavelength1. The Lorentz-Lorenz formula and the Sellmeier equations form the foundation of the theoretical background. The optical refractive properties of air and other atmospheric gases have been well established in the literature. The experimental investigations described here have been conducted based on this, insofar as no analysis has been conducted on gases that do not naturally occur in reasonable abundance in the atmosphere. However this does not in any way preclude the results and procedure developed from applying to a synthesised gas mixture. As mentioned, the platform of this technique relies on the pressure and wavelength dependence of the refractivity of the gas. The pressure dependence of the system is easily accounted for, in making this claim however it is still imperative the mixture be impervious to contamination from the wider atmosphere. Wavelength dependence however is perhaps slightly more difficult to accommodate. Multiple lasers, of differing wavelength form the radiative sources which underpin the method developed. Laser sources were chosen because of their coherence, making it easy to produce interference, when combined with the inherent stability of the Sagnac interferometer, provides for a very user friendly system that is able to quickly take results. The other key part of the experimental apparatus is the gas handling system, the gas(es) of interest need to be contained within an optical medium in the path of one of the beams of the interferometer. Precise manipulation of the pressure of the gas is critical in determining concentration, this has been achieved through the use of a gas syringe whose plunger is moved on a finely threaded screw, and measured on a digital manometer. The optical setup has also been explored, specifically in ruling out the use of such radiative sources as passing an incandescent source through a monochromator or the use of LED's to produce interference before settling on lasers to produce the required interference. Finally, a comprehensive theoretical background has been presented using classical electromagnetic theory as well as confirmation from a quantum perspective. The theoretical background for this study relies upon the Lorentz-Lorenz formula. It is commonly presented either from a classical or quantum perspective, in this work both classical and quantum mechanical treatments are given whilst also showing how each confirms the other. Furthermore, a thorough investigation into the dispersion functions of each of the major components of the atmosphere has been compiled from the study of refractivity on individual gases from other authors, in some cases, where no work has been done previously, this has been derived. The technique developed could be considered an ample addition to gas analysis techniques in certain circumstances in terms of expense, convenience and accuracy. The system can predict relative quantities of constituents of the atmosphere to at least 3%. The method described here would allow researchers more time to concentrate on actual results and more resources to allocate to broadening intellectual horizons. This would certainly justify further development.
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18

McConnell, Sean R. "Gas detection by use of Sagnac interferometer." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16701/.

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Gas composition and analysis forms a large field of research whose requirements demand that measurement equipment be as affordable, uncomplicated and convenient as possible. The precise quantitative composition of an atmospheric, industrial or chemically synthesised sample of gas is of utmost importance when inferring the properties and nature of the environment from which the sample was taken, or for inferring how a prepared sample will react in its application. The most popular and widely used technique to achieve this is Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and, without a doubt, this technique has set the standard for gas analysis. Despite the accuracy of the GCMS technique, the equipment itself is bulky, expensive and cannot be applied readily to field work. Instead, most field work is conducted using a single gas detector, capable only of detecting one particular molecule or element at a time. Presented here is an interferometric technique that theoretically, has the ability to address all three issues of bulkiness, affordability and convenience, whilst not being limited to one particular element or molecule in its analysis. Identifying the unknown constituents of a gaseous mixture using the proposed method, employs the optical refractive properties of the mixture to determine its composition. A key aspect of this technique is that the refractive index of an arbitrary mixture of gases will vary depending on pressure and wavelength1. The Lorentz-Lorenz formula and the Sellmeier equations form the foundation of the theoretical background. The optical refractive properties of air and other atmospheric gases have been well established in the literature. The experimental investigations described here have been conducted based on this, insofar as no analysis has been conducted on gases that do not naturally occur in reasonable abundance in the atmosphere. However this does not in any way preclude the results and procedure developed from applying to a synthesised gas mixture. As mentioned, the platform of this technique relies on the pressure and wavelength dependence of the refractivity of the gas. The pressure dependence of the system is easily accounted for, in making this claim however it is still imperative the mixture be impervious to contamination from the wider atmosphere. Wavelength dependence however is perhaps slightly more difficult to accommodate. Multiple lasers, of differing wavelength form the radiative sources which underpin the method developed. Laser sources were chosen because of their coherence, making it easy to produce interference, when combined with the inherent stability of the Sagnac interferometer, provides for a very user friendly system that is able to quickly take results. The other key part of the experimental apparatus is the gas handling system, the gas(es) of interest need to be contained within an optical medium in the path of one of the beams of the interferometer. Precise manipulation of the pressure of the gas is critical in determining concentration, this has been achieved through the use of a gas syringe whose plunger is moved on a finely threaded screw, and measured on a digital manometer. The optical setup has also been explored, specifically in ruling out the use of such radiative sources as passing an incandescent source through a monochromator or the use of LED's to produce interference before settling on lasers to produce the required interference. Finally, a comprehensive theoretical background has been presented using classical electromagnetic theory as well as confirmation from a quantum perspective. The theoretical background for this study relies upon the Lorentz-Lorenz formula. It is commonly presented either from a classical or quantum perspective, in this work both classical and quantum mechanical treatments are given whilst also showing how each confirms the other. Furthermore, a thorough investigation into the dispersion functions of each of the major components of the atmosphere has been compiled from the study of refractivity on individual gases from other authors, in some cases, where no work has been done previously, this has been derived. The technique developed could be considered an ample addition to gas analysis techniques in certain circumstances in terms of expense, convenience and accuracy. The system can predict relative quantities of constituents of the atmosphere to at least 3%. The method described here would allow researchers more time to concentrate on actual results and more resources to allocate to broadening intellectual horizons. This would certainly justify further development.
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19

Kimbrough, Bradley Trent. "Path Matched Vibration Insensitive Fizeau Interferometer." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1444%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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20

Webb, Claire. "Experiments with a caesium atom interferometer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301650.

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21

Ortiz, Julio Enrique. "New millennium interferometer laser metrology testbed." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42639.

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22

Nisbet, Andrew Marc. "Design of an optical interferometer spacecraft." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43255.

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23

Micali, Jason Daniel. "Interferometer for Measuring Dynamic Corneal Topography." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581129.

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The cornea is the anterior most surface of the eye and plays a critical role in vision. A thin fluid layer, the tear film, coats the outer surface of the cornea and serves to protect, nourish, and lubricate the cornea. At the same time, the tear film is responsible for creating a smooth continuous surface where the majority of refraction takes place in the eye. A significant component of vision quality is determined by the shape of the cornea and stability of the tear film. It is desirable to possess an instrument that can measure the corneal shape and tear film surface with the same accuracy and resolution that is currently performed on common optical elements. A dual interferometer system for measuring the dynamic corneal topography is designed, built, and verified. The completed system is validated by testing on human subjects. The system consists of two co-aligned polarization splitting Twyman-Green interferometers designed to measure phase instantaneously. The primary interferometer measures the surface of the tear film while the secondary interferometer simultaneously tracks the absolute position of the cornea. Eye motion, ocular variation, and a dynamic tear film surface will result in a non-null configuration of the surface with respect to the interferometer system. A non-null test results in significant interferometer induced errors that add to the measured phase. New algorithms are developed to recover the absolute surface topography of the tear film and corneal surface from the simultaneous interferometer measurements. The results are high-resolution and high-accuracy surface topography measurements of the in vivo cornea that are captured at standard camera frame rates. This dissertation will cover the development and construction of an interferometer system for measuring the dynamic corneal topography of the human eye. The discussion starts with the completion of an interferometer for measuring the tear film. The tear film interferometer is part of an ongoing research project that has spanned multiple dissertations. For this research, the instrument was tested on human subjects and resulted in refinements to the interferometer design. The final configuration of the tear film interferometer and results from human subjects testing are presented. Feedback from this instrument was used to support the development and construction of the interferometric corneal topographer system. A calibration is performed on the instrument, and then verified against simulated eye surfaces. Finally, the instrument is validated by testing on human subjects. The result is an interferometer system that can non-invasively measure the dynamic corneal topography with greater accuracy and resolution than existing technologies.
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24

Neal, Robert Mark. "Polarization phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280372.

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A new instrument, the polarization phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer (PPSPDI), is developed utilizing a birefringent pinhole plate. The interferometer uses polarization to separate the test and reference beams, interfering what begin as orthogonal polarization states. The instrument combines the robust nature of Linnik's original point-diffraction interferometer with the ability to phase-shift for interferogram analysis. The instrument is compact, simple to align, vibration insensitive and can phase-shift without moving parts or separate reference optics. This dissertation describes the theory, design, application and manufacturing considerations of the PPSPDI. The original PDI design is expanded to include polarization and phase-shifting. The discussion includes the properties of the birefringent material used as well as various fabrication methods used for creating the pinhole. A new model is developed to determine the quality of the diffracted reference wavefront from the pinhole as a function of pinhole size and aberrations of the test optic. The operation and performance of the interferometer are also presented along with a detailed error analysis and performance limits of the design.
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25

Meller, Scott A. "Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer System Using Wavelength Modulated Source." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36516.

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Interferometric optical fiber sensors have proved many orders of magnitude more sensitive than their electrical counterparts, but they suffer from limitations in signal demodulation caused by phase ambiguity and complex fringe counting when the output phase difference exceeds one fringe period. Various signal demodulation methods have been developed to overcome some of the these drawbacks with limited success. This thesis proposes a new measurement system for the extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor. Using a wavelength modulated source and a novel extended-gap EFPI, some of the limitations of interferometric signal demodulation are overcome. By scanning the output wavelength of a multilongitudinal mode laser diode through current modulation, the EFPI sensor signal is scanned through multiple fringes. Gap movement is then unambiguously determined by monitoring the phase of the multiple fringe pattern.
Master of Science
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26

McMorran, Benjamin James. "Electron Diffraction and Interferometry Using Nanostructures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194029.

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Here it is demonstrated that nanofabricated structures can be used as electron optical elements in new types of electron interferometers. This enables novel investigations with electrons analogous to experiments in light and atom optics. Far field diffraction from a single nanograting is used to examine the force on a charge moving in close proximity to a surface. Near field diffraction from the nanograting is investigated in a Talbot interferometer. It is found that electron waves form replicas of the grating in free space, and these replicas can be de-magnified using illumination by a converging beam. An electron Lau interferometer has the same grating configuration as the Talbot interferometer, but uses spatially incoherent beams that give rise to drastically different interference behavior. A single optical theory is developed to efficiently model a variety of grating interferometers under a diverse set of illumination conditions, and it is used to understand the experiments described here. Applications for these new interferometers are discussed, as well as possible directions for future research.
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27

Karhade, Omkar. "Scanning micro interferometer with tunable diffraction grating for low noise parallel operation." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28142.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Degertekin, Levent; Committee Co-Chair: Kurfess, Thomas; Committee Member: Adibi, Ali; Committee Member: Danyluk, Steven; Committee Member: Hesketh, Peter.
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28

Seader, Shawn Eugene 1978. "Multi-interferometer search methods for gravitational waves." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/s%5Fseader%5F120705.pdf.

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29

McClure, Douglas. "Interferometer-Based Studies of Quantum Hall Phenomena." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10300.

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The fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect harbors a wealth of unique phenomena, many of which remain mysterious. Of particular interest is the predicted existence of quasi-particles with unusual topological properties, especially in light of recent proposals to observe these properties using electronic interferometers. An introduction to quantum Hall physics and electronic interferometry is given in Chapter 1 of this thesis. The remaining chapters, summarized below, describe a set of experiments in which FQH systems are studied using electronic Fabry-Perot interferometry and related techniques. Since prior studies of electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers revealed unexpected behavior even in the integer quantum Hall (IQH) regime, we began our measurements there. Our initial experiment, presented in Chapter 2, disentangles signatures of Coulomb interaction effects from those of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference and provides the first measurement of pure AB interference in these devices. In our next experiment, presented in Chapter 3, we measure AB interference oscillations as a function of an applied dc bias, use their period to study the velocity of the interfering electrons, and study how the oscillations decay as a function of bias and magnetic field. Moving to the FQH regime, applying a similar-sized bias to a quantum point contact leads to long-lasting changes in the strengths and positions of FQH plateaus. The involvement of lattice nuclear spins in this effect, suggested by the long persistence times, is confirmed using NMR-type measurements. Although the exact physical process responsible for the effect remains unclear, its filling-factor dependence provides a striking illustration of composite fermion physics. These measurements are described in Chapter 4. In certain devices, interference oscillations associated with several FQH states are observed. Interpretation of their magnetic-field and gate-voltage periods provides a measurement of quasi-particle charge, and temperature dependence measurements suggest differences between the edge structure of IQH and FQH states. These measurements are described in Chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 6 presents some recent, not-yet-published observations that may shed light on ways to improve the visibility of existing oscillations and potentially observe interference at additional FQH states. This chapter concludes with a discussion of possible next steps toward achieving these goals.
Physics
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30

Doloca, Nicolae R. [Verfasser]. "Random phase shift interferometer / Nicolae R Doloca." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162918705/34.

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31

Clarke, Colin George. "A common path interferometer for analytical science." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359643.

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32

Fritschel, Peter Kurt. "Techniques for laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77753.

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33

Ekstrom, Christopher Russell. "Experiments with a separated beam atom interferometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26855.

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34

Roberts, Tony David 1972. "Measuring atomic properties with an atom interferometer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29302.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-186).
Two experiments are presented which measure atomic properties using an atom interferometer. The interferometer splits the sodium de Broglie wave into two paths, one of which travels through an interaction region. The paths are recombined, and the interference pattern exhibits a phase shift depending on the strength of the interaction. In the first experiment, the interaction involves a gas. De Broglie waves traveling through the gas experience a phase shift represented by an index of refraction. By measuring the index of refraction at various wavelengths, the predicted phenomenon of glory oscillations in the phase shift has been observed for the first time. The index of refraction has been measured for sodium atoms in gases of argon, krypton, xenon, and nitrogen over a wide range of wavelength. These measurements offer detailed insight into the interatomic potential between sodium atoms and the gases. Theoretical predictions of the interatomic potentials are challenged by these results, which should encourage a renewed effort to better understand these potentials. The second experiment measures atomic polarizability with an atom interferometer. Here, the interaction is with an electric field; the atom experiences a phase shift proportional to its energy inside the field. Previously, this method was used to perform the most accurate (< 1%) measurement of sodium polarizability. The precision was limited, however, by the spread of velocities in the atomic beam-the phase shift is different depending on velocity, and the -interference pattern is washed out.
(cont.) This thesis presents a new technique to "rephase" the interference pattern at large applied fields, and demonstrates a measurement that is free of this limitation. In addition, most of the systematic errors that plagued the previous polarizability measurement are eliminated by the new technique, and an order of magnitude improvement in precision now appears quite feasible. The remaining systematic errors can be eliminated by measuring the ratio of polarizabilities between two different atoms, a comparison whose precision is better by another order of magnitude.
by Tony David Roberts.
Ph.D.
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35

Murphy, Kent A. "Temperature insensitive fiber optic interferometer and applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46054.

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A method of modifying a uÌ ber optic fused biconical tapered coupler to produce a relatively temperature insensitive Michelson interferometer is presented. The modification was accomplished by cleaving the coupler after the minimum taper region and polishing, perpendicular to the endface, to a point just short of the interaction region. This allows one of the two fiber cores, which are within micrometers of each other with their claddings fused together, to be coated at its endface with a reflecting material. This reflecting core serves as the reference arm, while the other core serves as the sensing arm. Variations in the method of fabrication of the sensor are described. Because of the close proximity and short length of the reference and sensing arms, the interferometer is temperature insensitive.

The miniaturized Michelson interferometer is characterized and its limitations are discussed. A surface acoustic wave detection scheme is successfully demonstrated. Results of a magnetic field sensor using the miniaturized Michelson interferometer and a magnetostrictive material are presented.


Master of Science
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36

Erickson, Christopher Joseph. "Construction of a Calcium Matter-Wave Interferometer." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2162.pdf.

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37

Seki, Yoshichika. "Multilayer Neutron Interferometer with Complete Path Separation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142371.

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38

Erickson, Christopher Joseph. "Development of a Strontium-87 Ion Interferometer." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2750.

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I present the construction of a low-velocity intense source (LVIS) of laser-cooled neutral strontium using permanent ring magnets. The LVIS consists of a magneto-optical trap from which cold strontium is extracted in a well-collimated beam. I also present the development and implementation of a full suite of low-noise, high-bandwidth laser control electronics including a microcontroller unit. This microcontroller remotely controls and monitors the current driver, temperature controller, and PID lock circuit for each diode laser simultaneously. The current driver output is accurate to within 2 micro-amps and repeatable to with a few nano-amps. The noise spectral density of the current driver hits a floor of 10^(-10) amps per root Hz at ~50 Hz and has a modulation bandwidth of ~50 MHz. The PID lock-circuit includes a scan-balancing option that we have used to scan an AR coated laser diode ~30 GHz mode-hop free. I describe the construction of an 80 mW frequency doubled 461 nm laser system using PPKTP for cooling and trapping neutral strontium in the LVIS. The LVIS, the electronics systems, and the 461 nm laser system represent major milestones on the way to producing a matter-wave interferometer using Sr-87 ions. The interferometer is based on an optical Raman transition between the hyperfine ground states of the Sr-87 ion. The ions will be produced by exciting the strontium LVIS beam to an auto-ionizing state in the continuum. In the interferometer two half-pi pulses of light and one pi pulse will be delivered to the ions to split and recombine their wave functions. I present calculations of the predicted sensitivity and a discussion of the possible applications. I present a method for locking a 407.8 nm laser to the 5s doublet S J=1/2 to 5p doublet P J=3/2 strontium ion transition in a neutral vapor. I present calculations for the necessary vacuum levels for the experiment and describe the preparation and assembly of the vacuum apparatus. The major vacuum system consists of two connected elastomer sealed chambers: one at 10^(-7) Torr and the other at 10^(-10) Torr separated by a region of low conductance. I present a Sr vapor cell constructed from standard CF fittings that allows the strontium to be heated to ~730 C, which can also be run as a thermal beam. I present a method for protecting the viewports on small-form alkali-earth vapor cells using lead or indium foil during the evaporation of oxide layers. Finally, I report on the current status of the experiment as well as detail future work on the apparatus.
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39

Vybíral, Dominik. "Měření velmi malých výchylek pomocí optovláknového interferometru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413204.

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This master's thesis is focused on optical methods of measurement of very small dynamic displacements. Principles of interfermeters with picometer resolution including Fabry-Pérot interferometer are discussed and an integration using this interferometer was designed. Parasitic influencers of Fabry-Pérot interferometer were described as well as signal processing methods for interferometer's output signal. An interferometric meter for measurement of dynamic displacement was designed with frequency range of several kHz. These parameters are achieved under condition of photonic crystal layer placed on measured sample.
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Wavering, Thomas A. "Optical Path Length Multiplexing of Optical Fiber Sensors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36037.

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Optical fiber sensor multiplexing reduces cost per sensor by designing a system that minimizes the expensive system components (sources, spectrometers, etc.) needed for a set number of sensors. The market for multiplexed optical sensors is growing as fiberoptic sensors are finding application in automated factories, mines, offshore platforms, air, sea, land, and space vehicles, energy distribution systems, medical patient surveillance systems, etc. Optical path length multiplexing (OPLM) is a modification to traditional white-light interferometry techniques to multiplex extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers and optical path length two-mode sensors. Additionally, OPLM techniques can be used to design an optical fiber sensor to detect pressure/force/acceleration and temperature simultaneously at a single point. While power losses and operating range restrictions limit the broadscale applicability of OPLM, it provides a way to easily double or quadruple the number of sensors by modifying the demodulation algorithm. The exciting aspect of OPLM is that no additional hardware is needed to multiplex a few sensors. In this way OPLM works with conventional technology and algorithms to drastically increase their efficiency. [1]
Master of Science
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41

Cavicchioli, Luca. "Image enhancement for a Bose-Einstein condensate interferometer." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21719/.

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The atom, thanks to its wave behaviour, can manifest phenomena which are, usually, associated to light: interference is one of them. The possibility of cooling atomic clouds and manipulating the states of the atoms contained in them opened many new opportunities to exploit these states in many ways; one of them is measuring various kinds of physical observables with high precision, thanks to the aforementioned interference phenomena: this is atom interferometry. Since the first Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases were obtained, there has been a keen interest in interference between them, as it would mean to observe coherent quantum phenomena between macroscopic objects. Nevertheless, the high atomic density of condensates with respect to non condensed, thermal atomic clouds makes it difficult to ignore the effects of interactions within them. For the applications, understanding the role of interactions in the formation of interference figures is crucial. In this thesis, an algorithm for the enhancement of absorption images of a condensate has been developed. This algorithm computes an image basis for the noise and then remove the projection of the starting image from this basis, thus obtaining a clean image. This algorithm has then been applied to the enhancement of images obtained from atom interferometry. These images have then been analyzed using two techniques, and the obtained results have been compared to those for an ideal condensate. The results have been found not compatible with the ideal case, and are then due to atom-atom interactions.
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42

Kumar, Nishith. "Design and construction of a novel thermal interferometer." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/64905.

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43

Stanimirovic, Tomislav, and Johan Winberg. "DARK AGES LUNAR INTERFEROMETER (DALI): DEPLOYMENT-ROVER - CHASSIS." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-22444.

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In this thesis we have looked at the possibility of using a rover for deployment oflunar interferometers on the far side of the Moon. This project was made togetherwith two other groups from the mechanical engineering program at HalmstadUniversity. The project was divided into three units and we had the mainresponsibility for the design of the chassis.The goal of this project is to create a better understanding of the origin of the universeand how it still to this day keeps changing. This is believed to be achievable by usinglunar interferometers that will collect data in form of cosmic microwaves from outerspace. The lunar interferometers will be placed at the far side of the Moon since thisis the only site in solar system that is shielded from human-generated interference.The work was completed in collaboration with JPL and NASA, which are worldleading designers and manufacturers of space-related products.
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44

Kim, Jihun. "Assembly of a large common mount astronomical interferometer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559991.

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A large multi-aperture telescope has the potential to reach the diffraction limit corresponding to its baseline. To do so, Adaptive Optics (AO) and beam combination are critical to good performance. Operation as an interferometer is a complicated mode for the telescope. The system now has much tighter tolerances and is difficult to align. The alignment process needs to be planned in multiple steps, and tolerance and sensitivity analysis needs to be performed for each step. Alignment tools can be prepared based on the resolution found in the sensitivity analysis in each step.

Random fluctuation is another critical factor that reduces system performance. If noise sources near the telescope are characterized and identified, image quality can be improved by post-image processing.

Measuring the outer scale of atmosphere is also helpful for understanding the system performance. The fringe tracking method in the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) system provides optical path difference (OPD) variation, and the power spectral density of the OPD variation is used to estimate the size of the outer scale. However, this method is limited by the baseline of the LBTI by 5[special characters omitted] B, where B is the baseline, and by this equation the outer scale size which is able to be estimated should be more than 125 m.

AO simulation can provide an understanding of new AO system concepts and parameter variations before they are applied to the real system. In this dissertation study, we simulated an LBTI system with structural vibration of 10 Hz and 20 Hz and with various amplitudes. From the simulation, we learned that the slower bandwidth of piston-correcting systems allows stars as faint as ~13the magnitude to be observed. If there is significant vibration on the structure, the increased bandwidth will limit the phasing stars to 10~11th magnitudes. This demonstrates the limits of the LBTI system regarding structural vibration.

An alternative phasing sensor for the LBTI system, the pseudo phasing sensor, can be used for more than 1000 m of outer scale of atmosphere. If the direct phasing sensor embedded in the LBTI system cannot be used for a very faint star, the pseudo phasing sensor, which approximately estimates the phase difference by AO wavefront sensor, can be useful for atmospheric conditions with estimated outer scale of about 1000 m.

The analyses in this dissertation provide a partial guide for developing large-scale telescopes and astronomical instruments.

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45

Schubert, Christian [Verfasser]. "Grossflächiges Sagnac Interferometer mit kalten Atomen / Christian Schubert." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024389138/34.

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46

Godun, Rachel M. "Beam splitting mechanisms for a caesium atom interferometer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343474.

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47

XIE, YI-DING, and 謝儀定. "Lau interferometer." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67203300532874123765.

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碩士
淡江大學
物理研究所
79
Lau 干涉儀近年來曾被應用在光學的測試，相位物體的觀察和光資訊處理等方面。本 文將利用交互頻譜函數和傳斯涅耳繞射來分析和推導與Lau effect有關的一些現象。 首先討論觀察面在無窮遠時，江柵的狹縫寬和兩片光柵間距對觀察面干涉條紋對比的 影響，其次說明當觀察面在有限距離且match condition 不被滿足時，觀察面上的干 涉條紋對比如何受到光源大小，光源成像位置和光柵周期的影響。 接著我們將研究在match condition 時，將兩片光柵做一相對的旋轉，然後觀察角度 對干涉圖形和它的繞射花樣的影響。 此外，我們更進一步移動觀察面位置，亦能得到不同的繞射階組合來產生良好對比的 干涉圖形。最後比較使用時間同調而空間非同調的單色光和時間與空間均非同調的白 光所產生干涉圖形的差異性。
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48

YE, WEN-JIN, and 葉文津. "Ronchi interferometer." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01526312975134889129.

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49

Yang, Hsiao-Ling, and 楊筱伶. "Bi-Interferometer Fiber Sensor Formed by Combining Fabry-Pérot Fiber Interferometer and Mach-Zehnder Fiber Interferometer." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j99vjd.

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碩士
國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
104
Optical fibers have been widely applied in micro sensors in recent years due to they are sensitive to the variations of environment. Among all the optic-fiber sensors, combination of an interferometer fiber sensor and a fiber Bragg grating is the most common structure for simultaneously measuring two or more parameters. In this thesis, we propose a bi-interferometer fiber sensor which integrates a Fabry-Pérot fiber interferometer (FPFI) and a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer (MZFI) by splicing an etched single mode fiber with a cleaved photonic crystal fiber to form an air cavity and introducing a misalignment between the photonic crystal fiber and another cleaved single mode fiber. We have presented the sensing properties of the bi-interferometer fiber sensor for refractive index (RI), strain and temperature. The RI sensitivities of the FPFI and MZFI between 1.333 and 1.3902 are 0nm/RIU and 58.37nm/RIU, respectively. The strain sensitivities of the FPFI and MZFI between 0με and 500με are 4.71pm/με and 2.76pm/με, respectively. In addition, the sensor is insensitive to temperature because of the all silica and air structure. We have also demonstrated the property of the sensor for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and strain. The error of strain and refractive index sensing are 13.9με and 0.0023. As a result, we have successfully realized a compact fiber sensor for two-parameter sensing.
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WU, FENG-TING, and 吳封庭. "Double grating interferometer." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67996492179684893670.

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