Academic literature on the topic 'Interfacial melting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interfacial melting"
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Mouritsen, Ole G., and Martin J. Zuckermann. "Model of interfacial melting." Physical Review Letters 58, no. 4 (January 26, 1987): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.58.389.
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Besold, Gerhard, and Ole G. Mouritsen. "Competition between domain growth and interfacial melting." Computational Materials Science 18, no. 2 (August 2000): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0256(00)00101-4.
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Mondolfo, L. F., N. L. Parisi, and G. J. Kardys. "Interfacial energies in low melting point metals." Materials Science and Engineering 68, no. 2 (January 1985): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(85)90414-8.
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Chou, T. C., A. Joshi, and J. Wadsworth. "Solid state reactions of SiC with Co, Ni, and Pt." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 4 (April 1991): 796–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0796.
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Solid state reactions between SiC ceramics and Co, Ni, and Pt metals have been studied at temperatures between 800 and 1200 °C for various times under He or vacuum conditions. Reactions between the metals and SiC were extensive above 900 °C. Various metal silicides and carbon precipitates were formed in layered reaction zones. Interfacial melting was also observed at certain temperatures; teardrop-shaped reaction zones, porosity, and dendritic microstructure resulting from melting/solidification were evident. The metal/ceramic interfaces exhibited either planar or nonplanar morphologies, depending upon the nature of the metal/ceramic reactions. Concave interfacial contours were observed when interfacial melting occurred. By contrast, planar interfaces were observed in the absence of interfacial melting. In all cases, the decomposition of SiC was sluggish and may serve as a rate limiting step for metal/ceramic reactions. Free unreacted carbon precipitates were formed in all the reaction zones and the precipitation behavior was dependent upon the metal system as well as the location with respect to the SiC reaction interface. Modulated carbon bands, randomly scattered carbon precipitates, and/or carbon-denuded bands were formed in many of the reaction zones, and the carbon existed in a mixed state containing both amorphous and graphitic forms.
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Shakya, Gazendra, Samuel E. Hoff, Shiyi Wang, Hendrik Heinz, Xiaoyun Ding, and Mark A. Borden. "Vaporizable endoskeletal droplets via tunable interfacial melting transitions." Science Advances 6, no. 14 (April 2020): eaaz7188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz7188.
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Liquid emulsion droplet evaporation is of importance for various sensing and imaging applications. The liquid-to-gas phase transformation is typically triggered thermally or acoustically by low–boiling point liquids, or by inclusion of solid structures that pin the vapor/liquid contact line to facilitate heterogeneous nucleation. However, these approaches lack precise tunability in vaporization behavior. Here, we describe a previously unused approach to control vaporization behavior through an endoskeleton that can melt and blend into the liquid core to either enhance or disrupt cohesive intermolecular forces. This effect is demonstrated using perfluoropentane (C5F12) droplets encapsulating a fluorocarbon (FC) or hydrocarbon (HC) endoskeleton. FC skeletons inhibit vaporization, whereas HC skeletons trigger vaporization near the rotator melting transition. Our findings highlight the importance of skeletal interfacial mixing for initiating droplet vaporization. Tuning molecular interactions between the endoskeleton and droplet phase is generalizable for achieving emulsion or other secondary phase transitions, in emulsions.
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Li, Chong He, Yong Hui Gao, Xiong Gang Lu, Wei Zhong Ding, Zhong Ming Ren, and Kang Deng. "Interaction between the Ceramic CaZrO3 and the Melt of Titanium Alloys." Advances in Science and Technology 70 (October 2010): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.70.136.
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The CaZrO3 complex oxide ceramic was synthesized in the development of the potential refractory for melting of titanium alloy, the crucible ( 40XH40mm) was prepared by the solid sintering of mixture of powder (CaO:ZrO2 =1:1) with a small amount of TiO2 as additive at 1750°C. The melting of TiNi and Ti6Al4V was carried out in the inducting furnace under vacuum or/and Ar atmosphere. The interfacial reaction between the melts of alloys and CaZrO3 refractory was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It is found that, the thickness of interfacial reaction layer between the ceramic CaZrO3 and the melt of titanium alloys (TiNi and Ti6Al4V) is approximately 30-300 μm, there are few elements such as Ca, Zr, Ti, and Ni diffused through the interfacial reaction layer. These results may provide the basement to designing a novel refractory for melting of titanium alloys.
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Kruskopf, Ari, and Lauri Holappa. "Scrap melting model for steel converter founded on interfacial solid/liquid phenomena." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017091.
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The primary goal in steel converter operation is the removal of carbon from the hot metal. This is achieved by blowing oxygen into the melt. The oxidation of carbon produces a lot of heat. To avoid too high temperatures in the melt cold scrap (recycled steel) is charged into the converter. The melting rate is affected by heat and carbon mass transfer. A process model for steel converter is in development. This model is divided into several modules, which are fluid dynamics, heat- and mass-transfer, scrap melting and chemical reactions. This article focuses on the development of the scrap melting module. A numerical model for calculating temperature and carbon concentration in the melt is presented. The melt model is connected with the solid scrap model via solid/liquid interface. The interface model can take into account solidification of iron melt, melting of solidified layer, a situation without such phase changes, and scrap melting. The aim is to predict the melting rate of the scrap including the properties of the hot metal. The model is tested by calculating the melting rates for different scrap thicknesses. All of the stages in the interface model were taking place in the test calculations.
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Tsao, J. Y., P. S. Peercy, and Michael O. Thompson. "Interfacial overheating during melting of Si at 190 m/s." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 1 (February 1987): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0091.
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An upper limit is placed on the overheating at the liquid/solid interface during melting of (100) Si at high interface velocity. The limit is based on an energy-balance analysis of melt depths measured in real time during pulsed-laser melting of Si on sapphire. When combined with previous measurements of the freezing kinetics of Si, this limit indicates that the kinetics of melting and freezing are nonlinear, i.e., the undercooling required to freeze at modest (15 m/s) velocities is proportionately much greater than the overheating required to melt at high (190 m/s) velocities.
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Chen, Mingguang, Junzhu Li, Bo Tian, Yas Mohammed Al-Hadeethi, Bassim Arkook, Xiaojuan Tian, and Xixiang Zhang. "Predicting Interfacial Thermal Resistance by Ensemble Learning." Computation 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9080087.
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Interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) plays a critical role in the thermal properties of a variety of material systems. Accurate and reliable ITR prediction is vital in the structure design and thermal management of nanodevices, aircraft, buildings, etc. However, because ITR is affected by dozens of factors, traditional models have difficulty predicting it. To address this high-dimensional problem, we employ machine learning and deep learning algorithms in this work. First, exploratory data analysis and data visualization were performed on the raw data to obtain a comprehensive picture of the objects. Second, XGBoost was chosen to demonstrate the significance of various descriptors in ITR prediction. Following that, the top 20 descriptors with the highest importance scores were chosen except for fdensity, fmass, and smass, to build concise models based on XGBoost, Kernel Ridge Regression, and deep neural network algorithms. Finally, ensemble learning was used to combine all three models and predict high melting points, high ITR material systems for spacecraft, automotive, building insulation, etc. The predicted ITR of the Pb/diamond high melting point material system was consistent with the experimental value reported in the literature, while the other predicted material systems provide valuable guidelines for experimentalists and engineers searching for high melting point, high ITR material systems.
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Sadtchenko, Vlad, and George E. Ewing. "Interfacial melting of thin ice films: An infrared study." Journal of Chemical Physics 116, no. 11 (March 15, 2002): 4686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1449947.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interfacial melting"
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Baird, Russell A. "Novel techniques for interfacial tension and contact angle measurements in polymer/CO2 systems." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/306.
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Senior Honors Thesis (Chemical Engineering)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 27 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-25). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Maeda, Nobuo, and nobuo@engineering ucsb edu. "Phase Transitions of Long-Chain N-Alkanes at Interfaces." The Australian National University. Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011203.151921.
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An experimental study of phase transitions of long-chain n-alkanes induced by the effect of interfaces is described.
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The phase behaviour of long-chain n-alkanes (carbon number 14, 16, 17, 18) adsorbed at isolated mica surfaces and confined between two mica surfaces has been studied in the vicinity of and down to several degrees below the bulk melting points, Tm. Using the Surface Force Apparatus we have measured the thickness of alkane films adsorbed from vapour (0.97 [equal to or greater-than] p/p[subscript o] [equal to or greater-than] 0.997), studied capillary condensation transition, subsequent growth of capillary condensates between two surfaces, and phase transitions in both the adsorbed films and the condensates. By measuring the growth rate of the capillary condensates we have identified a transition in the lateral mobility of molecules in the adsorbed films on isolated mica surfaces. This transition to greater mobility occurs slightly above Tm for n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane and n-octadecane but several degrees below Tm for n-tetradecane, and is accompanied by a change in wetting behaviour and a measurable decrease in adsorbed film thickness for n-heptadecane and n-octadecane. Capillary condensates that form below Tm remain liquid, but may freeze if the degree of confinement is reduced by separation of the mica surfaces. An increase in the area of the liquid-vapour interface relative to that of the liquid-mica interface facilitates freezing in the case of the long-chain alkanes, which show surface freezing at the liquid-vapour interface.
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Although thermodynamic properties of the surface freezing transition have been rather well documented, the kinetics involved in formation of such ordered monolayers has so far received very little attention. We studied the surface tension of n-octadecane as a function of temperature in the vicinity of Tm, using the static Wilhelmy plate and the dynamic maximum bubble pressure methods. The two methods give different results on cooling paths, where nucleation of the surface ordered phase is involved, but agree on heating paths, where both methods measure properties of the equilibrium surface phase. On cooling paths, the surface of bubbles may supercool below the equilibrium surface freezing temperature. The onset of surface freezing is marked by a sharp drop in the surface tension. The transition is accompanied by an increased stability of the films resulting in longer bubble lifetimes at the liquid surface, which suggests that the mechanical properties of the surfaces change from liquid-like to solid-like. Our results suggest occurrence of supercooling of the monolayer itself.
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Huaiyu, Yang. "Crystallization of Parabens : Thermodynamics, Nucleation and Processing." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknisk strömningslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122228.
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In this work, the solubility of butyl paraben in 7 pure solvents and in 5 different ethanol-water mixtures has been determined from 1 ˚C to 50 ˚C. The solubility of ethyl paraben and propyl paraben in various solvents has been determined at 10 ˚C. The molar solubility of butyl paraben in pure solvents and its thermodynamic properties, measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, have been used to estimate the activity of the pure solid phase, and solution activity coefficients. More than 5000 nucleation experiments of ethyl paraben, propyl paraben and butyl paraben in ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol and 70%, 90% ethanol aqueous solution have been performed. The induction time of each paraben has been determined at three different supersaturation levels in various solvents. The wide variation in induction time reveals the stochastic nature of nucleation. The solid-liquid interfacial energy, free energy of nucleation, nuclei critical radius and pre-exponential factor of parabens in these solvents have been determined according to the classical nucleation theory, and different methods of evaluation are compared. The interfacial energy of parabens in these solvents tends to increase with decreasing mole fraction solubility but the correlation is not very strong. The influence of solvent on nucleation of each paraben and nucleation behavior of parabens in each solvent is discussed. There is a trend in the data that the higher the boiling point of the solvent and the higher the melting point of the solute, the more difficult is the nucleation. This observation is paralleled by the fact that a metastable polymorph has a lower interfacial energy than the stable form, and that a solid compound with a higher melting point appears to have a higher solid-melt and solid-aqueous solution interfacial energy. It has been found that when a paraben is added to aqueous solutions with a certain proportion of ethanol, the solution separates into two immiscible liquid phases in equilibrium. The top layer is water-rich and the bottom layer is paraben-rich. The area in the ternary phase diagram of the liquid-liquid-phase separation region increases with increasing temperature. The area of the liquid-liquid-phase separation region decreases from butyl paraben, propyl paraben to ethyl paraben at the constant temperature. Cooling crystallization of solutions of different proportions of butyl paraben, water and ethanol have been carried out and recorded using the Focused Beam Reflectance Method, Particle Vision and Measurement, and in-situ Infrared Spectroscopy. The FBRM and IR curves and the PVM photos track the appearance of liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization. The results suggest that the liquid-liquid phase separation has a negative influence on the crystal size distribution. The work illustrates how Process Analytical Technology (PAT) can be used to increase the understanding of complex crystallizations. By cooling crystallization of butyl paraben under conditions of liquid-liquid-phase separation, crystals consisting of a porous layer in between two solid layers have been produced. The outer layers are transparent and compact while the middle layer is full of pores. The thickness of the porous layer can reach more than half of the whole crystal. These sandwich crystals contain only one polymorph as determined by Confocal Raman Microscopy and single crystal X-Ray Diffraction. However, the middle layer material melts at lower temperature than outer layer material.QC 20130515
investigate nucleation and crystallization of drug-like organic molecules
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Lin, Shih-Yen, and 林士硯. "Thermal Property、Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions of In-Bi-Sn Low-Melting Point Thermal Interfacial Alloys." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23875755282802094116.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
材料科學與工程學研究所
95
As the developing of electronic industry and consuming electronic products proceeding toward high performance、high power and low power dissipation, the demand of the heat dissipation of IC component have been promoted. The heat dissipation of conventional thermal interface materials is challenged by the increasing demand for higher frequency and higher power. Therefore, this study adopts Low-melting point alloy In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn as thermal interface material, and tries to make use of the high thermal conductivity of metal to deduce the thermal budget at the interface between ship and intergraded heat spreader. This investigation includes the interfacial reaction between In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn alloy and metal substrates, calculating the kinetic of intermetallic compounds and dissolution rates of different substrates. Metallic substrates are chosen for real condition: Cu substrate processes high thermal conductivity, Ni-electroplated layer uses as a diffusion barrier, Au usually uses as an oxidation protective player or a wetting layer. Finally, according to the high conductivity of Cu substrate, the thermal resistance of Cu/In-32.5Bi16.5Sn/Cu is measured. The results show that the intermetallic compound formed at the interface of In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn/Cu is Cu6(In, Sn)5. The growth of Cu6(In, Sn)5 compound is diffusion-controlled, and the activation energy for the growth of Cu6(In, Sn)5 compound is calculated to be 2.86 kJ/mole. The intermetallic compound formed at the interface of In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn/Ni is Ni3(Sn, In)4, and the growth of Ni3(Sn, In)4 compound is diffusion-controlled. The activation energy of Ni3(Sn, In)4 intermetallic compound is calculated to be 52.15 kJ/mole. The intermetallic compound formed at the interface In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn/Au could be divided by temperature: (1) AuIn2、AuIn intermetallics are formed respectively at 80℃(2) AuIn2、AuIn、Au7In3 intermetallics are observed respectively above 100℃. The growths of AuIn2 and Au7In3 compounds are diffusion-controlled, and the activation energies for AuIn2 and Au7In3 compounds are calculated to be 37.64 kJ/mole and 79.69 kJ/mole, respectively。In addition, the maximum consuming thickness of Ni-electroplated layer is about 3~4 μm, which is one fifth of the maximum consuming thickness of Cu substrate. The thermal impedance of Cu/In-32.5Bi-16.5Sn/Cu at 100W has similar increasing trend with the growth of Cu6(In, Sn)5 compound.
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Chen, Chih-Hao, and 陳志豪. "Development of Low Melting Solder Alloy and Analysis of Interfacial Reaction and Reliability." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8bbh93.
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博士國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
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Over the past several decades, devices and technologies that entail substrate applications have been widely developed for use in the semiconductor industry. Some new technologies are receiving a lot of attention from researchers, including three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-IC), biosensors, flexible flat-panel displays, and molecular machinery. All of these new technologies require product assembly before they can become widely available. However, many obstacles must be overcome with respect to these assembling processes. One of the most important technological issues is the low thermal budget. The 200–300 °C temperatures used in conventional lead-free-solder assembling and manufacturing presents challenges to the functionality of these technologies. As such, it is necessary to develop low-melting solders with processing temperatures low enough for these innovative technologies to maintain their functionality during the soldering process. In this study, we investigated two low-melting alloy systems, Sn-In-Bi and In-Bi. In the Sn-In-Bi system, we used 16.5Sn-51In-32.5Bi, 17Sn-26In-57Bi, and 53Sn-10In-37Bi compositions with melting peak temperatures of 56.30 °C, 82.14 °C, and 106.21 °C, respectively. In the In-Bi system, we used 68In-32Bi, 50In-50Bi, and 33In-67Bi compositions with melting peak temperature of 75.80 °C, 95.72 °C, and 116.03 °C, respectively. In this paper, we present the interfacial reaction on the Cu substrate for each alloy with different numbers of reflow cycles and temperatures. In the Sn-In-Bi system, we found the only intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the interface to be Cu6(In, Sn)5, with different percentages for the In substitution. In the In-Bi system, we found the IMCs formed at the interfaces of 68In-32Bi/Cu, 50In-50Bi/Cu, and 33In-67Bi/Cu to be CuIn2, Cu11In9, and Cu2In, respectively. We found the growth rate of the Cu11In9 IMC formed between the 50In-50Bi alloy and Cu substrate to be quite slow. In addition, we used the shear test to analyze the reliability of these low-melting alloys. Our shear test results indicate that the 17Sn-26In-57Bi and 50In-50Bi alloys have the best shear strengths in the Sn-In-Bi and In-Bi systems, respectively. Compared with the shear strength results and fracture modes of the 17Sn-26In-57Bi and 50In-50Bi alloys, 17Sn-26In-57Bi exhibited a higher shear strength value and ductile fracture percentage than the 50In-50Bi alloy. We utilized samples made with the 17Sn-26In-57Bi and 50In-50Bi solders in an electromigration analysis and found the lifetimes of the 50In-50Bi samples to be around three times longer than those of 17Sn-26In-57Bi. However, compared with other low-melting alloys, 17Sn-26In-57Bi exhibits the best shear test results and 50In-50Bi the greatest electromigration resistivity.
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Wu, CHIH-TING, and 吳致廷. "The Effect of Interfacial Structure on The Photo-induced Melting of Gold Nanorod in Gold Nanorod@non-uniform Silica Core-Shell Nanosystem." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98334055868339668115.
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碩士國立中正大學
化學暨生物化學研究所
104
This thesis focuses on the effect of the interfacial structure between gold nanorod（AuNR）and silica in the photo-induced melting of the AuNR core. We synthesized silica coated gold nanorod with non-uniform thickness in major and minor axes（AuNR-nu-SiO2）as a basic nanosystem. The particle side-thickness（ST）and end-thickness（ET） are well controlled with the typical values of ca. 12 nm for ST and ca. 1 nm for ET. There are two kinds of interfacial structures between AuNR and silica we proposed herein, one is chemical bonding and the other one is physical adsorption. The former is Au-S covalent bonding, symbolized as AuNR-SH-nu-SiO2, and the latter is physical adsorption of CTAB on the AuNR surface, symbolized as AuNR-CTAB-nu-SiO2. The chemical bonding of the interfacial structure was introduced into the nanosystem by choosing the precursor of the sol-gel process as (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPS) for the silica coating The physisorption of the interfacial structure in the other nanosystem was accomplished by the use of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor of the sol-gel process while the CTAB remain intact to the AuNR surface. Two nanosystems with different interfacial structures were designed to demonstrate a clear difference for the heat conductivity along the AuNR side to the silica and were expected that we should be able to observe different photo-induced melting products. It is well-known that AuNR will efficiently transform photon energy by light absorption to heat at its surface plasma resonance (SPR). Also, the transportation rate of heat flux is influenced by the porosity of the coated silica. In order to extract a clear evidence regarding the interfacial structure effect on the photo-induced melting process, we need to confirm that the porosity of the coated silica in both nanosystems are similar to begin with. The porosities were confirmed by examining the extent of the SPR spectral shift and also data collected from the surface area and porosimetry analyzer. The results of our photo-induced melting measurements clearly indicate that the melting process in AuNR-SH-nu-SiO2 system follows the conventional melting after absorbing single pulsed photon energy, AuNR melts to give sphere or shorter rod. A high yield of ca. 70% for such melting products was observed without any indication for the spilt-melting products. However, in AuNR-CTAB-nu-SiO2 nanosystem, after laser irradiation the split-melting products was clearly observed to give ca. 40% yield while the yield of the melting products is about 20%. We rationalized the split-melting result compared to the conventional melting process by the only reason that the temperature difference between the central region of AuNR and its ends is greatly enhanced in the AuNR-CTAB-nu-SiO2 nanosystem. The enhanced temperature gradient are attributed to the poorer thermal conductivity through its interface with weaker interaction. This less efficient thermal conductivity then results in higher temperature retained in the central region of the AuNR. Additionally, we also increased the both directions of side and end thickness of AuNR-CTAB-nu-SiO2. In those cases, we observed that increased percentage of the AuNRs melting particles via conventional pathway as we increased the thickness. It can be contributed by that the heat flux becomes more and more isotropic. Keywords：Gold nanorod, photo-induced
Book chapters on the topic "Interfacial melting"
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Yip, S. "Simulation Studies of Interfacial Phenomena — Melting, Stress Relaxation and Fracture." In Molecular Dynamics Simulations, 221–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84713-4_20.
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Carbucicchio, M., G. Palombarini, R. Ciprian, S. Tosto, M. Rateo, and G. Sambogna. "Interfacial microstructure and properties of dissimilar steels joined by high energy beam melting processes." In ISIAME 2008, 473–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01370-6_63.
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Bettermann, H., and M. Getzlaff. "Melting Processes of Magnetic 3d-Metal Nanoparticles on Surfaces." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry, 490–96. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.12977-4.
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Panda, Maheswar. "Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of Novel Polymer Nanocomposites." In Multifunctional Ferroelectric Materials. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96593.
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In this chapter, the Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric behavior of novel polymer/ceramic nano-composite (PCC) based on ferroelectric polymer [polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)] & nano Barium Titanate (n-BaTiO3) with different volume fractions of n-BaTiO3 (fBaTiO3), prepared through the novel cold pressing method has been discussed. The ferroelectric parameters of PCC are attributed to spherulites of PVDF, the increase of n-BaTiO3 and the ordered homogenous structure due to the novel cold pressing. The clustering of ceramic fillers is responsible for randomization of the structures of these composite ferroelectrics for some samples, leading to decrease of electrical polarisations. The piezoelectricity and piezoelectric coefficients of these composites ferroelectrics, increases with increase of ceramic filer content and remains constant beyond a certain ratio. However, the dielectric properties increase linearly as a function of ceramic content due to increase of interfaces/interfacial polarisations. The enhancement of effective dielectric constant (ɛeff) is attributed to the large interfacial polarization arising due to the charge storage at the spherulites of PVDF and at the polymer/filler interfaces of PCC and have been explained on the basis of sum effect with the help of the standard models. The achieved lower loss tangent (Tan δ) for the PCC as compared to the polymer/metal composites (PMC) is attributed to the highly insulating nature of PVDF & semiconducting n-BaTiO3. The thermal stability of the composites is also maintained due to the higher melting temperature (170°C) of PVDF. The cold pressed PCC based on PVDF are going to act as better polymer ferroelectric/dielectrics for memory and electrical energy storage applications.
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Han, Chang Dae. "Rheology of Particulate-Filled Polymers, Nanocomposites, and Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 1: Polymer Rheology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187823.003.0018.
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Polymer composites consisting of a thermoplastic polymer forming the matrix phase and a large amount of inorganic particles (commonly referred to as fillers) or glass fibers, which are often referred to as particulate-filled polymers, are very common in the plastics and elastomer’s industries (Deanin and Schott 1974; Kraus 1965; Lubin 1969). Polymer composites are developed to achieve a set of properties not possessed by the thermoplastic polymer (i.e., polymeric matrix) alone. Polymeric matrices can be thermoplastics, which soften and behave as viscous liquids when heated to above their glass transition temperatures (in the case of amorphous thermoplastic polymers) or above their melting temperatures (in the case of semicrystalline thermoplastic polymers). Polymeric matrices can also be thermosets, which undergo a transformation from a viscous resinous liquid to a hard or rubbery solid in the presence of heat and/or curing agents. There are numerous industrial products made of particulate-filled polymeric materials; for example, thermoplastic polymers filled with mica or calcium carbonate, carbon-black-filled elastomers, thermoplastic polymers or thermosets reinforced with glass fibers or carbon fibers. The ultimate goal of adding fillers to a thermoplastic polymer and adding glass fiber or carbon fiber to a thermoset is to improve the mechanical properties of the polymer. However, fillers, glass fibers, or carbon fibers themselves usually supply little or no reinforcement since there is little interfacial interaction between a thermoplastic polymer and fillers, and between a thermoset and glass fiber or carbon fiber. This has led to the development of “coupling agents,” chemical additives capable of improving the interfacial bonds between a thermoplastic polymer and fillers, and between a thermoset and glass fibers or carbon fibers (Plueddemann 1982). The use of coupling agents for the surface modification of fillers to reinforce thermoplastics has generally been directed towards improving the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of composites by improving adhesion across the interface. When inorganic fillers or glass fibers are added to a thermoplastic polymer, the resulting material exhibits a complex rheological behavior, quite different from the rheology of neat homopolymers presented in Chapter 6.
Conference papers on the topic "Interfacial melting"
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Zhang, Yuwen, and J. K. Chen. "An Interfacial Tracking Method for Ultrashort Pulse Laser Melting and Resolidification of a Thin Metal Film." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32475.
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An interfacial tracking method is developed to model rapid melting and resolidification of a free-standing metal film subject to an ultrashort laser pulse. The laser energy is deposited to the electrons near thin film surface, and subsequently diffused into deeper part of the electron gas and transferred to the lattice. The energy equations for the electron and lattice are coupled through an electron-lattice coupling factor. Melting and resolidification are modeled by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. An iterative solution procedure is employed to determine the elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature in the ultrafast phase-change process. The predicted surface lattice temperature, interfacial location, interfacial temperature, and interfacial velocity are compared with those obtained by an explicit enthalpy model. The effects of the electron thermal conductivity models, ballistic range, and laser fluence on the melting and resolidification are also investigated.
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Li, Zheng, Mo Yang, and Yuwen Zhang. "Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation of 3-D Melting Using Double MRT Model With Interfacial Tracking Method." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7407.
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Three-dimensional melting problems are investigated numerically with Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Regarding algorithm’s accuracy and stability, Multiple-Relaxation-Time (MRT) models are employed to simplify the collision term in LBM. Temperature and velocity fields are solved with double distribution functions, respectively. 3-D melting problems are solved with double MRT models for the first time in this article. The key point for the numerical simulation of a melting problem is the methods to obtain the location of the melting front and this article uses interfacial tracking method. The interfacial tracking method combines advantages of both deforming and fixed grid approaches. The location of the melting front was obtained by calculating the energy balance at the solid-liquid interface. Various 3-D conduction controlled melting problems are solved firstly to verify the numerical method. Liquid fraction tendency and temperature distribution obtained from numerical methods agree with the analytical results well. The proposed double MRT model with interfacial tracking method is valid to solve 3-D melting problems. Different 3-D convection controlled melting problems are then solved with the proposed numerical method. Various locations of the heat surface have different melting front moving velocities, due to the natural convection effects. Rayleigh number’s effects to the 3-D melting process is discussed.
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Chen, Qicheng, Mo Yang, Yuwen Zhang, and Yaling He. "Numerical Simulation of Melting in Porous Media via an Interfacial Tracking Model." In 42nd AIAA Thermophysics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3945.
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Huang, Jing, Yuwen Zhang, J. K. Chen, and Mo Yang. "Effect of Energy Deposition Modes on Ultrafast Solid-Liquid-Vapor Phase Change of a Thin Gold Film Irradiated by a Femtosecond Laser." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23050.
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Effects of different parameters on the melting, vaporization and resolidification processes of thin gold film irradiated by a femtosecond pulse laser are systematically studied. The classical two-temperature model was adopted to depict the non-equilibrium heat transfer in electrons and lattice. The melting and resolidification processes, which was characterized by the solid-liquid interfacial velocity, as well as elevated melting temperature and depressed solidification temperature, was obtained by considering the interfacial energy balance and nucleation dynamics. Vaporization process which leads to ablation was described by tracking the location of liquid-vapor interface with an iterative procedure based on energy balance and gas kinetics law. The parameters in discussion include film thickness, laser fluence, pulse duration, pulse number, repetition rate, pulse train number, etc. Their effects on the maximum lattice temperature, melting depth and ablation depth are discussed based on the simulation results.
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Ansari, Naseem, Chokri Guetari, Richard Martin, and Tim Thompson. "A Numerical Study of the Role of Interfacial Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Ice Melting Modeling." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32037.
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In this paper, a numerical study of the role of interfacial heat transfer in the CFD modeling of forced convection ice melting is presented. Two different approaches are typically used in the simulation of ice melting phenomena. In the first approach, a single phase approximation is used, where ice and water phases are assumed to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium. A single temperature field is solved for the two components and phase change is assumed to occur very rapidly. In this approach, the heat transfer between ice and water is assumed infinite and ice and water mass fractions are determined from the ice-water phase diagram. In the second approach, a multiphase non-equilibrium approach is used where distinct velocity and temperature fields are solved for ice and water. The inherent assumption in the multiphase approach is that the rate of melting is not infinite and is controlled by the ice-water interface heat transfer coefficient. A correct estimation of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient is crucial in setting up a proper model for ice melting. A correlation for the interfacial heat transfer coefficient is derived numerically in this paper as a function of local turbulence intensity. It is shown that the equilibrium methodology is essentially a limiting form of the non-equilibrium approach and one could recover the equilibrium approach results by making the interfacial heat transfer coefficient large, i.e. infinite, in the multiphase simulation.
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Afrin, Nazia, Yuwen Zhang, and J. K. Chen. "Uncertainty Analysis of Melting and Resolidification of Gold Film Irradiated by Nano- to Femtosecond Lasers Using Stochastic Method." In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6428.
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A sample-based stochastic model is presented to investigate the effects of uncertainties of various input parameters, including laser fluence, laser pulse duration, thermal conductivity constants for electron, and electron-lattice coupling factor, on solid-liquid phase change of gold film under nano- to femtosecond laser irradiation. Rapid melting and resolidification of a free standing gold film subject to nano- to femtosecond laser are simulated using a two-temperature model incorporated with the interfacial tracking method. The interfacial velocity and temperature are obtained by solving the energy equation in terms of volumetric enthalpy for control volume. The convergence of variance (COV) is used to characterize the variability of the input parameters, and the interquartile range (IQR) is used to calculate the uncertainty of the output parameters. The IQR analysis shows that the laser fluence and the electron-lattice coupling factor have the strongest influences on the interfacial location, velocity, and temperatures.
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Shou, Wan, and Heng Pan. "Transport and Interfacial Phenomena in Nanoscale Confined Laser Crystallization." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2818.
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Laser processing (sintering, melting, crystallization and ablation) of nanoscale materials has been extensively employed for electronics manufacturing including both integrated circuit and emerging printable electronics. Many applications in semiconductor devices require annealing step to fabricate high quality crystalline domains on substrates that may not intrinsically promote the growth of high crystalline films. The recent emergence of FinFETs (Fin-shaped Field Effect Transistor) and 3D Integrated Circuits (3D-IC) has inspired the study of crystallization of amorphous materials in nano/micro confined domains. Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, we study the characteristics of unseeded crystallization within nano/microscale confining domains. Firstly, it is demonstrated that unseeded crystallization can yield single crystal domains facilitated by the confinement effects. A phenomenological model has been developed and tailored by MD simulations, which was applied to quantitatively evaluate the effects of domain size and processing laser pulse width on single crystal formation. Secondly, to predict crystallization behaviors on confining walls, a thermodynamics integration scheme will be used to calculate interfacial energies of Si-SiO2 interfaces.
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Zhou, Min-Bo, Hong-Bo Qin, Xiao Ma, and Xin-Ping Zhang. "Interfacial reaction and melting/solidification characteristics between Sn and different metallizations of Cu, Ag, Ni and Co." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2010.5582442.
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Feng, Biao, and Li-Wu Fan. "Interfacial Heat Transfer Between Erythritol and Xylitol Crystals As a Mixture Heat Storage Material." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87195.
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The binary eutectic mixtures of sugar alcohols, which can maintain their high latent heat of fusion while extending the range of melting points for more flexible utilizations, have attracted increased attention. The eutectic mixture of erythritol and xylitol, with a melting point of 82 °C and a latent heat of fusion of 270 kJ/kg, has been identified as a promising latent heat storage material at the temperature range around 80 °C. In comparison to the pure components, the changes in thermal conductivity of mixture sugar alcohols are of great interest, which are investigated in this work with emphasis on the interfacial heat transfer across erythritol and xylitol molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the nanoscale heat transfer over an artificial interface between two crystal layers of erythritol and xylitol in contact with each other. Based on the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method and eHEX algorithm, a constant heat flux was imposed over the simulated box. The dependence of the erythritol-xylitol interfacial thermal resistance on the system length was studied by adapting different system lengths. With increasing the length from 26 to 78 Å, the interfacial thermal resistance was predicted to decrease from 5.5 × 10−10 to 3.8 × 10−10 m2·K/W, which then becomes nearly unvaried while further increasing the system length to over 100 nm. The knowledge on the interfacial thermal resistance will help understand the changes in thermal conductivity of bulk mixtures of sugar alcohols.
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Hill, Stephen D., and Prateen Desai. "Plasma Torch Interaction With a Melting Substrate." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47199.
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A model of a partially ionized, high pressure plasma in stagnation flow as it melts a nonhomogeneous solid is presented. It encompasses both the analysis of the multi-fluid plasma to ascertain its bulk temperature and the heat flux profile, as well as its interaction with a receding melt interface in and around the stagnation domain. The model examined in this study couples the plasma motion, bulk energy, electron and ion densities and temperatures, with impinging jet theory to determine the amount of heat transfer into the particular substrate material — soil. “Multi-fluid” equations are derived for an axially symmetric plasma from the Boltzmann equations for Maxwellian velocity distributions. By examining the dominant effects, the equations are scaled and the roles of the driving dimensionless parameters are established. For specified values of these parameters, various numerical methods are used to couple and solve the two distinct models. The first one, to ascertain the moving boundary phase change heat transfer characteristics, is developed by adopting a form of the enthalpy method. The second model, characterizing the plasma jet is solved via and adaptation of the commercially available code, CHEMKIN, developed by the Sandia National Laboratories. A parametric study is performed, leading to evaluation of such important torch characteristics including mass flow rate of the Argon gas, temperature of the plasma bulk, and proximity of the plasma torch to the surface, as it influences the substrate melt zone. The extremely high temperatures produced by the plasma irreversilby changes the material structure of the sample. This new structure, when cooled, forms a predominantly glassy product. Such a vitrification process has been proven to improve the construction properties of the soil and to reduce a toxic sample of the soil into a leachable solid. From the calculations of solid/liquid interfacial location, radii of the melt zones, and depths of the melt zones an overall perspective of the vitrification process is assessed.