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Journal articles on the topic 'Interfacial enrichment'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Zhao, Yue, Yu Ding, Bin Qiao, Kai Zheng, Pei Liu, Fumin Li, Shuni Li, and Yu Chen. "Interfacial proton enrichment enhances proton-coupled electrocatalytic reactions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 36 (2018): 17771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06856a.

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PdNi alloy nanostructures–polyethyleneimine inorganic–organic nanocomposites exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media due to interfacial proton enrichment.
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2

Beier, J. A., Stuart G. Wakeham, C. H. Pilskaln, and S. Honjo. "Enrichment in saturated compounds of Black Sea interfacial sediment." Nature 351, no. 6328 (June 1991): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/351642a0.

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3

Yang, Yafan, Weiwei Zhu, Yukun Ji, Tao Wang, and Guangsi Zhao. "Interfacial Properties of H2O+CO2+Oil Three-Phase Systems: A Density Gradient Theory Study." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040625.

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The interfacial property of H2O+CO2+oil three-phase systems is crucial for CO2 flooding and sequestration processes but was not well understood. Density gradient theory coupled with PC-SAFT equation of state was applied to investigate the interfacial tension (IFT) of H2O+CO2+oil (hexane, cyclohexane, and benzene) systems under three-phase conditions (temperature in the range of 323–423 K and pressure in the range of 1–10 MPa). The IFTs of the aqueous phase+vapor phase in H2O+CO2+oil three-phase systems were smaller than the IFTs in H2O+CO2 two-phase systems, which could be explained by enrichment of oil in the interfacial region. The difference between IFTs of aqueous phase+vapor phase in the three-phase system and IFTs in H2O+CO2 two-phase system was largest in the benzene case and smallest in the cyclohexane case due to different degrees of oil enrichment in the interface. Meanwhile, CO2 enrichment was observed in the interfacial region of the aqueous phase+oil-rich phase, which led to the reduction of IFT with increasing pressure while different pressure effects were observed in the H2O+oil two-phase systems. The effect of CO2 on the IFTs of aqueous phase+benzene-rich phase interface was small in contrast to that on the IFTs of aqueous phase+alkane (hexane or cyclohexane)-rich phase interface. H2O had little effect on the interfacial properties of the oil-rich phase+vapor phase due to the low H2O solubilities in the oil and vapor phase. Further, the spreading coefficients of H2O+CO2 in the presence of different oil followed this sequence: benzene > hexane > cyclohexane.
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4

Chen, Xia, Wei Zhao, and Pengxiang Li. "Elements enrichment characteristics in interfacial transition zone of MgO concrete." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11859-013-0898-8.

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5

Chen, Kuan-Yu, Webber Wei-Po Lai, Hui-Ju Wang, Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chun-Wei Chen, and Angela Yu-Chen Lin. "Clean water generation through a multifunctional activated carbon-TiO2 interfacial solar distillation system." RSC Advances 11, no. 37 (2021): 23036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02185k.

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6

Staubach, Jens, and Simon Stephan. "Interfacial properties of binary azeotropic mixtures of simple fluids: Molecular dynamics simulation and density gradient theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 12 (September 28, 2022): 124702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100728.

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Interfacial properties of binary azeotropic mixtures of Lennard-Jones truncated and shifted fluids were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and density gradient theory (DGT) in combination with an equation of state. Three binary mixtures were investigated, which differ in the energetic cross interaction parameter that yields different types of azeotropic behavior. This study covers a wide temperature and composition range. Mixture A exhibits a heteroazeotrope at low temperatures, which changes to a low-boiling azeotrope at high temperatures, mixture B exhibits a low-boiling azeotrope, and mixture C exhibits a high-boiling azeotrope. The phase behavior and fluid interfacial properties as well as their relation were studied. Vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, and vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria and interfaces were considered. Density profiles, the surface tension, the interfacial thickness, as well as the relative adsorption and enrichment of the components at the interface were studied. The results obtained from the two independent methods (MD and DGT) are overall in good agreement. The results provide insights into the relation of the phase behavior, particularly the azeotropic behavior, of simple fluid mixtures and the corresponding interfacial properties. Strong enrichment was found for the mixture with a heteroazeotrope in the vicinity of the three-phase equilibrium, which is related to a wetting transition.
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7

Ishizuka, Shinnosuke, Tomihide Fujii, Akira Matsugi, Yosuke Sakamoto, Tetsuya Hama, and Shinichi Enami. "Controlling factors of oligomerization at the water surface: why is isoprene such a unique VOC?" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 22 (2018): 15400–15410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01551a.

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The interfacial oligomerization of isoprene is facilitated by the resonance stabilization through the formation of a tertiary carbocation with a conjugated CC bond pair, and electron enrichment induced by the neighboring methyl group.
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8

Wei, Gao Feng, Hong Fen Gao, and Hai Hui Jiang. "Stress Intensity Factor for Interfacial Cracks in Bi-Materials Using Incompatible Numerical Manifold Method." Advanced Materials Research 327 (September 2011): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.327.109.

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Incompatible numerical manifold method (INMM) uses interpolation functions based on the concept of partition of unity, and considers the asymptotic solution and the discontinuity of displacement. This paper describes the application of INMM to bi-material interfacial crack. The two dimensional near-tip asymptotic displacement functions are added to the trial function approximation. This enables the domain to be modeled by manifold elements without explicitly meshing the crack surfaces. The crack-tip enrichment functions are chosen as those that span the asymptotic displacement fields for an interfacial crack. The INMM facilitates the incorporation of the oscillatory nature of the singularity within a conforming manifold element approximation. The complex stress intensity factors for bi-material interfacial cracks are numerically evaluated. Good agreement between the numerical results and the analytical solutions for benchmark interfacial crack problems is realized.
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9

Liu, Dongmei, Kai Gong, Ye Lin, Tao Liu, Yu Liu, and Xiaozheng Duan. "Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study on Interfacial Properties of Symmetric Ternary Polymeric Blends." Polymers 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2021): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091516.

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We investigated the interfacial properties of symmetric ternary An/AmBm/Bn and An/Am/2BmAm/2/Bn polymeric blends by means of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We systematically analyzed the effects of composition, chain length, and concentration of the copolymers on the interfacial tensions, interfacial widths, and the structures of each polymer component in the blends. Our simulations show that: (i) the efficiency of the copolymers in reducing the interfacial tension is highly dependent on their compositions. The triblock copolymers are more effective in reducing the interfacial tension compared to that of the diblock copolymers at the same chain length and concentration; (ii) the interfacial tension of the blends increases with increases in the triblock copolymer chain length, which indicates that the triblock copolymers with a shorter chain length exhibit a better performance as the compatibilizers compared to that of their counterparts with longer chain lengths; and (iii) elevating the triblock copolymer concentration can promote copolymer enrichment at the center of the interface, which enlarges the width of the phase interfaces and reduces the interfacial tension. These findings illustrate the correlations between the efficiency of copolymer compatibilizers and their detailed molecular parameters.
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10

Xu, Guang-Rui, Juan Bai, Jia-Xing Jiang, Jong-Min Lee, and Yu Chen. "Polyethyleneimine functionalized platinum superstructures: enhancing hydrogen evolution performance by morphological and interfacial control." Chemical Science 8, no. 12 (2017): 8411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc04109h.

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11

Liu, Dongmei, Huifeng Bo, Yongchao Jin, Deyang Li, Zhanxin Zhang, Kai Gong, Ye Lin, and Sijia Li. "Effects of concentration and chain length of the sequence copolymer on interfacial properties of homopolymers/sequence copolymers ternary blends: A DPD simulation study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 26, 2022): e0270094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270094.

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The effect of the concentration and chain length of the copolymer AB with sequence length τ = 8 on the interfacial properties of the ternary mixtures A10/AB/B10 are investigated by the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. It is found that: i) As the copolymer concentration varies from 0.05 to 0.15, increasing the copolymer enrichment at the center of the interface enlarges the interface width ω and reduces the interfacial tension. However, as the concentration of the sequence copolymers further increases to 0.2, because the interface has formed micelles and the micellization could lower the efficiency of copolymers as a compatibilizer, the interfacial tension exhibits a slightly increase; ii) elevating the copolymer chain length, the copolymer volumes vary from a cylinder shape to a pancake shape. The blends of the copolymer with chain length Ncp = 24 exhibit a wider interfacial width w and a lower interfacial tension γ, which indicates that the sequenced copolymer Ncp = 24 exhibits a better performance as the compatibilizers. This study illustrates the correlations between the reduction in interfacial tension produced by the sequence copolymers and their molecular parameters, which guide a rational design of an efficient compatibilizer.
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12

Stephan, Simon, and Hans Hasse. "Interfacial properties of binary mixtures of simple fluids and their relation to the phase diagram." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 22 (2020): 12544–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01411g.

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13

Cho, C. G., T. H. Park, and Y. S. Kim. "Interfacial enrichment of a compatibilizing graft copolymer in a partially miscible polymer blend." Polymer 38, no. 18 (September 1997): 4687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(96)01073-7.

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14

Liu, Junqing, Fan Zuo, and Chao Liu. "A Trans-Scale Young’ Modulus Calculation Model of ITZ Based on Void Shape Randomness and Calcium Hydroxide Enrichment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9430875.

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The randomness of void shape and enrichment of calcium hydroxide are significant in interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of concrete; however, current theoretical models of ITZ do not include these features. In this article, ITZ was regarded as a three-phase composite material, and the pore morphological parameters were defined according to the characteristics of microscopic pores, and the corresponding random distribution function was constructed. The calcium hydroxide enrichment factor was introduced, and a cross-scale ITZ Young’s modulus calculation model was established in combination with the Mori–Tanaka method. The reliability of the proposed model in this paper was verified through comparison to experimental results in a reference.
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15

Chen, Xia, Hua Quan Yang, Yan Shi, Kai Tao Xiao, and Yu Qiang Lin. "Interfacial Transition Zone Characteristics of Light-Burnt MgO Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.397.

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The morphology and elements enrichment in the vicinity of interfacial transition zone was investigated with employment of SEM, EDS and BEI. Results indicated that the morphology of products of hydration in ITZ area and cement matrix was similar but differed in amount, size and crystal features. Elements Ca, Si, Al and Mg had tendency to enrich in ITZ zone but differed in accumulation extent in orders. MgO was non-uniformly distributed in concrete, fully mixed in construction though, richer in cement matrix than in ITZ, yet MgO later inclined to migrate to ITZ area and the gap in between was mitigated with in-depth hydration.
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16

Liu, Dongmei, Meiyuan Yang, Danping Wang, Xueying Jing, Ye Lin, Lei Feng, and Xiaozheng Duan. "DPD Study on the Interfacial Properties of PEO/PEO-PPO-PEO/PPO Ternary Blends: Effects of Pluronic Structure and Concentration." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172866.

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Using the method of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we investigated the interfacial properties of PEO/PEO-PPO-PEO/PPO ternary blends composed of the Pluronics L64(EO13PO30EO13), F68(EO76PO29EO76), F88(EO104PO39EO104), or F127(EO106PO70EO106) triblock copolymers. Our simulations show that: (i) The interfacial tensions (γ) of the ternary blends obey the relationship γF68 < γL64 < γF88 < γF127, which indicates that triblock copolymer F68 is most effective in reducing the interfacial tension, compared to L64, F88, and F127; (ii) For the blends of PEO/L64/PPO and the F64 copolymer concentration ranging from ccp = 0.2 to 0.4, the interface exhibits a saturation state, which results in the aggregation and micelle formation of F64 copolymers added to the blends, and a lowered efficiency of the L64 copolymers as a compatibilizer, thus, the interfacial tension decreases slightly; (iii) For the blends of PEO/F68/PPO, elevating the Pluronic copolymer concentration can promote Pluronic copolymer enrichment at the interfaces without forming the micelles, which reduces the interfacial tension significantly. The interfacial properties of the blends contained the PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer compatibilizers are, thus, controlled by the triblock copolymer structure and the concentration. This work provides important insights into the use of the PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer as compatibilizers in the PEO and PPO homopolymer blend systems.
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17

Jiang, Bingyan, Muhan Zhang, Liang Fu, Mingyong Zhou, and Zhanyu Zhai. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Interfacial Behavior of Over-Molded Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061270.

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Hybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are receiving important attention in lightweight applications. The fabrication process of hybrid thermoplastic composites is that discontinuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics are injected onto the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics by over-molding techniques. The key issue during this process is to get a reliable interfacial bonding strength. To understand the bonding mechanism at the heterogeneous interface of hybrid thermoplastic composites which is difficult to obtain through experimental investigations, a series of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were conducted in this paper. The influence of processing parameters on the interfacial characteristics, i.e., the distribution of interfacial high-density enrichment areas, radius of gyration, diffusion coefficient and interfacial energy, were investigated during the forming process of a heterogeneous interface. Simulation results reveal that some of molecule chains get across the interface and tangle with the molecules from the other layer, resulting in the penetration phenomenon near the interface zone. In addition, the melting temperature and injection pressure exhibit positive effects on the interfacial properties of hybrid composites. To further investigate the interfacial bonding strength and fracture mechanism of the heterogeneous interface, the uniaxial tensile and sliding simulations were performed. Results show that the non-bonded interaction energy plays a crucial role during the fracture process of heterogeneous interface. Meanwhile, the failure mode of the heterogeneous interface was demonstrated to evolve with the processing parameters.
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18

Wang, Yongxiang, and Haim Waisman. "Material-dependent crack-tip enrichment functions in XFEM for modeling interfacial cracks in bimaterials." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 112, no. 11 (May 17, 2017): 1495–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.5566.

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19

Yoon, Jeong-Won, Hyun-Suk Chun, Hoo-Jeong Lee, and Seung-Boo Jung. "Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions of fluxless-bonded Au-20Sn/Cu solder joint during reflow and aging." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 2817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0352.

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The microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions of fluxless-bonded, Au-20wt%Sn/Cu solder joint were investigated during reflow and aging. After reflowing at 310 °C, only one thick and irregularly shaped ζ(Cu) layer was formed at the interface. After the prolonged reflow reaction, the AuCu layer was formed between the ζ(Cu) layer and the Cu substrate. During reflowing, the Cu substrate reacted primarily with the ζ-phase in the solder matrix. The solid-state interfacial reaction was much faster at 250 °C than at 150 °C. After aging at 250 °C for 100 h, thick ζ(Cu), AuCu and AuCu3 IMC layers were formed at the interface. The formation of the AuCu3 intermetallic compound (IMC) was caused by Cu enrichment at the AuCu/Cu layer interface. After aging for 500 h, cracks were observed inside the interfacial AuCu layer. The study results clearly demonstrate the need for an alternative surface finish on Cu, to ensure the high temperature reliability of the Au-20Sn/Cu solder joint.
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20

HABAZAKI, Hiroki, Motonori UEMURA, Koji FUSHIMI, Etsushi TSUJI, Yoshitaka AOKI, and Shinji NAGATA. "GDOES Depth Profile Analysis of Interfacial Enrichment of Copper during Anodizing of Al-Cu Alloy." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 66, no. 12 (2015): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.66.670.

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21

Wang, Jianlong, Adrian J. T. Teo, Say H. Tan, Geoffrey M. Evans, Nam-Trung Nguyen, and Anh V. Nguyen. "Influence of Interfacial Gas Enrichment on Controlled Coalescence of Oil Droplets in Water in Microfluidics." Langmuir 35, no. 10 (February 12, 2019): 3615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03486.

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22

Shimizu, K., G. M. Brown, H. Habazaki, K. Kobayashi, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson, and G. C. Wood. "Direct evidence for interfacial enrichment of iron during anodic oxide growth on an Al6Fe phase." Corrosion Science 41, no. 9 (August 1999): 1783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(99)00015-3.

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23

Jimmy, Beenamma, Sandra Kentish, Franz Grieser, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar. "Ultrasonic Nebulization in Aqueous Solutions and the Role of Interfacial Adsorption Dynamics in Surfactant Enrichment." Langmuir 24, no. 18 (September 16, 2008): 10133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la801876s.

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24

Chen, Xia, Hua Quan Yang, Yong Zhen Zuo, Yan Shi, and Kai Tao Xiao. "Interfacial Transition Zone Micro-Structure of Light-Burnt MgO Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.514.

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The computed tomography was introduced to track the development of cracks in cement matrix and Interfacial Transitional Zone (ITZ) of MgO concrete under load to failure and EDS and BEI was employed to investigate the enrichment characteristics of elements in vicinity of ITZ area. Results indicated that cracks intended to extend along boundary of ITZ area which aggravated ITZ as the weak link of concrete structure. The morphology of products of hydration in ITZ area and cement matrix was similar but differed in amount, size and crystal features. Elements Ca, Si, Al and Mg had tendency to enrich in ITZ zone but differed in accumulation extent in orders. MgO was non-uniformly distributed in concrete, fully mixed in construction though, richer in cement matrix than in ITZ, yet MgO later inclined to migrate to ITZ area and the gap in between was mitigated with in-depth hydration.
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25

KONO, M., P. C. WONG, Y. S. LI, and K. A. R. MITCHELL. "X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES OF THE STABILITY OFAl/Mg/PETINTERFACES." Surface Review and Letters 07, no. 03 (June 2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x00000348.

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The interfacial chemistry of an Al/Mg/PET sample, prepared by thermally evaporating first Mg and then Al on to a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) film, was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Mg/PET system showed two types of Mg species, namely an O–Mg–C complex, from reaction with the carbonyl group on PET, and metal-like clusters. The deposition of Al results in intermetallic mixing, which is manifested by alloy formation and Mg enrichment at the surface. It appears that some Al atoms penetrate the Mg region to react with carbonyl groups in the PET and form an interfacial complex with O–Al–C bonding. The stability of this sample was studied on exposing it to air and then rinsing it with water. The metal overlayers are strongly modified by these treatments, although the bonding at the PET interface appears relatively unchanged.
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26

Wu, Guangshun, Lei Chen, and Li Liu. "Effects of silanization and silica enrichment of carbon fibers on interfacial properties of methylphenylsilicone resin composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 98 (July 2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.03.024.

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27

Jiang, Xinyue, Yuqun Xie, Duanji Wan, Fuping Zheng, and Jun Wang. "Enrichment-Free Rapid Detection of Phthalates in Chinese Liquor with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030901.

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A non-invasive real-time detection technique for phthalates in Chinese liquor is proposed in this paper. This method is based on the measurement of Faradaic impedance in the presence of a redox probe, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, upon the absorption of phthalates to the graphene electrode surface. This absorption activity is according to the π–π stacking interactions between phthalates and the graphene working electrode which allows direct sampling and analyte preconcentration. The absorption of phthalates retards the interfacial electron-transfer kinetics and increases the charge-transfer resistance (Rct). Numerical values of Rct were extracted from a simulation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra with the corresponding equivalent circuit. Cathodic polarization was employed prior to EIS measurements to effectively eliminate the metal ion interference. The results yielded a detection limit of 0.024 ng/L for diethyl phthalate (DEP) with a linear range from 2.22 ng to 1.11 µg. These results indicate a possibility of developing a household sensor for phthalate determination in Chinese liquor.
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28

Priye, Aashish, Yuncheng Yu, Yassin A. Hassan, and Victor M. Ugaz. "Synchronized chaotic targeting and acceleration of surface chemistry in prebiotic hydrothermal microenvironments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 6 (January 24, 2017): 1275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612924114.

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Porous mineral formations near subsea alkaline hydrothermal vents embed microenvironments that make them potential hot spots for prebiotic biochemistry. But, synthesis of long-chain macromolecules needed to support higher-order functions in living systems (e.g., polypeptides, proteins, and nucleic acids) cannot occur without enrichment of chemical precursors before initiating polymerization, and identifying a suitable mechanism has become a key unanswered question in the origin of life. Here, we apply simulations and in situ experiments to show how 3D chaotic thermal convection—flows that naturally permeate hydrothermal pore networks—supplies a robust mechanism for focused accumulation at discrete targeted surface sites. This interfacial enrichment is synchronized with bulk homogenization of chemical species, yielding two distinct processes that are seemingly opposed yet synergistically combine to accelerate surface reaction kinetics by several orders of magnitude. Our results suggest that chaotic thermal convection may play a previously unappreciated role in mediating surface-catalyzed synthesis in the prebiotic milieu.
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29

Cui, Guorong, Bo Yang, Jiabin Hou, Wenzhen Chen, and Wencong Zhang. "The Sticking Out Mechanism and Growth of TiB Whiskers from TiBw/Ti-6Al-4V Composites during Sintering." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111467.

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The process of TiB whiskers (TiBw) squeezed out and the growth of sticking out TiBw were investigated in TiBw/Ti-6Al-4V composites via adding 5 vol% TiB2 powders. TiB2 distributed along the surface of Ti-6Al-4V powders by low energy milling, resulted in the enrichment region of B and Ti elements. During sintering, TiBw nucleated and grew along the [010] direction with the diffusion of B and Ti atoms in the enrichment region. Due to larger thermal expansion ratio of TiBw, the TiBw were squeezed out from the Ti matrix, and the sticking out TiBw grew gradually with the diffusion of B and Ti atoms from the enrichment region. Because of the high interfacial strength between TiBw and Ti matrix, the matrix adhered to TiBw, and hindered the squeezing out of TiBw. Eventually, the cone TiBw stuck out the Ti matrix, and the other end of TiBw pinned in Ti matrix. Moreover, the diameter of TiBw near surface between TiB2 and Ti matrix was larger than other areas, resulting from the high concentration of B and Ti atoms. The solubilized B atoms near TiBw were absorbed by TiBw, which was considered as the other B source of TiBw.
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30

Najarzadeh, Zahra, and Abdellah Ajji. "Role of molecular architecture in interfacial self-adhesion of polyethylene films." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 33, no. 3 (March 10, 2017): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917699246.

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The influence of molecular architecture on interfacial self-adhesion above polyethylene film melt temperature was examined in this study. The investigated molecular structures include molecular weight (Mw), molecular weight distribution, long chain branch amount and distribution and short chain branch among and along polyethylene chains. The long chain branches concentration was quantified using gel permeation chromatography and short branches concentration using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The adhesion strength was measured immediately after melt bonding using a T-Peel test. The results showed that increasing Mw resulted in higher adhesion strength in linear metallocene ethylene α-olefins. Low long chain branch concentrations hinder reptation motion and diffusion, and result in lower adhesion strength. Low density polyethylene with highly branched chains yielded very low self-adhesion. A drastic difference in adhesion strength between metallocene and conventional linear low density polyethylene is attributed to homogeneity versus heterogeneity of composition distribution. The low interfacial self-adhesion in conventional polyethylene was concluded to be due to enrichment of highly branched low molecular weight chains at the film surface. These segregated chains at the interface diffuse before the high molecular weight chains located in the bulk.
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31

HABAZAKI, Hiroki, Kenichi SHIMIZU, Peter SKELDON, George E. THOMPSON, and Graham C. WOOD. "Anodic Film Growth on Aluminum Alloys: Interfacial Enrichment of Alloying Elements and Their Mobility in Anodic Films." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 49, no. 8 (1998): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.49.854.

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32

Shimizu, K., G. M. Brown, H. Habazaki, K. Kobayashi, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson, and G. C. Wood. "Selective oxidation of aluminium and interfacial enrichment of iron during anodic oxide growth on an Al6Fe phase." Corrosion Science 42, no. 5 (May 2000): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(99)00108-0.

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33

Xu, Ping, Ralph Rolly Gonzales, Jun Hong, Kecheng Guan, Yu-Hsuan Chiao, Zhaohuan Mai, Zhan Li, Saeid Rajabzadeh, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Fabrication of highly positively charged nanofiltration membranes by novel interfacial polymerization: Accelerating Mg2+ removal and Li+ enrichment." Journal of Membrane Science 668 (February 2023): 121251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121251.

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34

Wurl, O., E. Wurl, L. Miller, K. Johnson, and S. Vagle. "Formation and global distribution of sea-surface microlayers." Biogeosciences 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-121-2011.

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Abstract. Results from a study of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) in different regions of the ocean (subtropical, temperate, polar) suggest that this interfacial layer between the ocean and atmosphere covers the ocean's surface to a significant extent. New, experimentally-derived threshold values at which primary production acts as a significant source of natural surfactants to the microlayer are coupled with a wind speed threshold at which the SML is presumed to be disrupted, and the results suggest that surfactant enrichment in the SML is greater in oligotrophic regions of the ocean than in more productive waters. Furthermore, surfactant enrichments persisted at wind speeds of up to 10 m s−1, without any observed depletion above 5 m s−1. This suggests that the SML is stable enough to exist even at the global average wind speed of 6.6 m s−1. Using our observations of the surfactant enrichments at various trophic levels and wind states, global maps of primary production and wind speed allow us to extrapolate the ocean's SML coverage . The maps indicate that wide regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 30° N and 30° S may be more significantly covered with SML than north of 30° N and south of 30° S, where higher productivity (spring/summer blooms) and wind speeds exceeding 12 m s−1 may prevent extensive SML formation.
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35

Singh, V. Ram, V. Srinivasa Reddy, S. Shrihari, and T. Srikanth. "Effect of basalt fibre on the mechanical properties of M70 grade high performance concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401110.

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The presented work reveals the strength properties of M70 grade high performance basalt fibre reinforced concrete (BFRCC) containing 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% basalt fibre content by volume of concrete. 10% Silica fume is admixed for attaining higher strengths as preferred. Compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths are evaluated. The BFRCC microstructure is found to be improved due to enrichment of interfacial transition zone with chopped basalt fibres. It was found that different fibre lengths require different dosages to yield maximum effect on the properties of concrete. Stress- strain responses of M70 grade BFRSCC yields improved ultimate strain and strain at peak load indicating its energy dissipation capacity at fracture.
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36

Wurl, O., E. Wurl, L. Miller, K. Johnson, and S. Vagle. "Formation and distribution of sea-surface microlayers." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 23, 2010): 5719–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-5719-2010.

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Abstract. Results from a study of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) in different regions of the ocean (subtropical, temperate, polar) suggest that this interfacial layer between the ocean and atmosphere covers the ocean's surface to a significant extent. Threshold values at which primary production acts as a significant source of natural surfactants have been derived from the enrichment of surfactants in the SML relative to underlying water and local primary production. Similarly, we have also derived a wind speed threshold at which the SML is disrupted. The results suggest that surfactant enrichment in the SML is typically greater in oligotrophic regions of the ocean than in more productive waters. Furthermore, the enrichment of surfactants persisted at wind speeds of up to 10 m s−1 without any observed depletion above 5 m s−1. This suggests that the SML is stable enough to exist even at the global average wind speed of 6.6 m s−1. Global maps of primary production and wind speed are used to estimate the ocean's SML coverage. The maps indicate that wide regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 30° N and 30° S are more significantly affected by the SML than northern of 30° N and southern of 30° S due to higher productivity (spring/summer blooms) and wind speeds exceeding 12 m s−1 respectively.
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37

Chou, T. C., and A. Joshi. "Solid state interfacial reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (May 1992): 1253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1253.

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Solid state interfacial reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC have been studied via both bulk and thin film diffusion couples at temperatures of 1000 and 1200 °C. The nature of reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC was found to be similar. Only limited reactions were detected in samples reacted at 1000 °C. In the Ti3Al/Si3N4, layered reaction products consisting of mainly titanium silicide(s), titanium-silicon-aluminide, and titanium-silicon-nitride were formed; in the Ti3Al/SiC, the reaction product was primarily titanium-silicon-carbide. In both cases, silicon was enriched near the surface region, and aluminum was depleted from the reacted region. Reactions at 1200 °C resulted in a drastic change of the Si distribution profiles; the enrichment of Si in near surface regions was no longer observed, and the depletion of Al became more extensive. Titanium nitride and titanium-silicon-carbide were the major reaction products in the Ti3Al/Si3N4 and Ti3Al/SiC reactions, respectively. Mechanisms of driving the variation of Si, N, and C diffusion behavior (as a function of temperature) and the depletion of Al from the diffusion zone are suggested. It is proposed that reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC lead to in situ formation of a diffusion barrier, which limits the diffusion kinetics and further reaction. The thermodynamic driving force for the Ti3Al/Si3N4 reactions is discussed on the basis of Gibbs free energy.
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38

Zhang, Donglian, Jiadong Zhou, Juxin He, Xuehong Zhou, Cong Wang, Nan Zheng, Linlin Liu, et al. "Molecular base and interfacial enrichment of chain entangle in amorphous conjugated polymers: Role of racemic alkyl side groups." Organic Electronics 75 (December 2019): 105343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2019.07.001.

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39

Jiang, Jiang, Yunqing Nie, Xuemei Sun, and Youling L. Xiong. "Partial Removal of Phenolics Coupled with Alkaline pH Shift Improves Canola Protein Interfacial Properties and Emulsion in In Vitro Digestibility." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061283.

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The effect of polyphenol removal (“dephenol”) combined with an alkaline pH shift treatment on the O/W interfacial and emulsifying properties of canola seed protein isolate (CPI) was investigated. Canola seed flour was subjected to solvent extraction to remove phenolic compounds, from which prepared CPI was exposed to a pH12 shift to modify the protein structure. Dephenoled CPI had a light color when compared with an intense dark color for the control CPI. Up to 53% of phenolics were removed from the CPI after the extraction with 70% ethanol. Dephenoled CPI showed a partially unfolded structure and increased surface hydrophobicity and solubility. The particle size increased slightly, indicating that soluble protein aggregates formed after the phenol removal. The pH12 shift induced further unfolding and decreased protein particle size. Dephenoled CPI had a reduced β subunit content but an enrichment of disulfide-linked oligopeptides. Dephenol improved the interfacial rheology and emulsifying properties of CPI. Although phenol removal did not promote peptic digestion and lipolysis, it facilitated tryptic disruption of the emulsion particles due to enhanced proteolysis. In summary, dephenol accentuated the effect of the pH shift to improve the overall emulsifying properties of CPI and emulsion in in vitro digestion.
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40

Geng, Lin, Hong Yu Xu, Jun Xiang Wang, Zhen Zhu Zheng, and Ku Ai Yu. "Influence of Cu Content on Interfacial Structure and Mechanical Properties of 3Al2O32SiO2 Fiber Reinforced Al Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 313 (July 2006): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.313.165.

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In this paper, pure aluminium and Al-Cu (1%, 3% and 5% in mass fraction) alloy matrix composites reinforced with 35vol% 3Al2O32SiO2 short fibers were fabricated by a squeeze-casting technique. Interfacial structure and distribution of element of the composites were investigated by means of SEM, EPMA and TEM. The experimental results indicated that when pure aluminium was used as matrix, the interface was slick and chemical reaction occurred at the interface between amorphous SiO2 and matrix Al. When Cu element was added into the Al matrix alloy, the amorphous SiO2 on the fiber surface remained. Further more, with the increase of Cu element, the amount of the retained amorphous SiO2 increased. The interfacial reaction was inhibited due to the Cu element diffusion and enrichment towards the short fiber surface. SEM observation showed that large amount of fiber was drawn out from the matrix and some of them have been ruptured. Tensile test showed that the tensile strength of the 35vol% 3Al2O32SiO2sf/Al-Cu composite increased with the increasing of Cu content as compared with the Al2O3f/pure Al composite, the increment of the fracture strength of 3Al2O32SiO2sf/Al-Cu composite were 102%, 146% and 171%, respectively.
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41

Nguyen, Ngoc N., Anh V. Nguyen, Karen M. Steel, Liem X. Dang, and Mirza Galib. "Interfacial Gas Enrichment at Hydrophobic Surfaces and the Origin of Promotion of Gas Hydrate Formation by Hydrophobic Solid Particles." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 7 (February 13, 2017): 3830–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07136.

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42

Zielke, Claudia, Adriana J. Gutierrez Ramirez, Kelsey Voss, Maya S. Ryan, Azam Gholizadeh, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, and Paul Abbyad. "Droplet Microfluidic Technology for the Early and Label-Free Isolation of Highly-Glycolytic, Activated T-Cells." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091442.

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A label-free, fixation-free and passive sorting method is presented to isolate activated T-cells shortly after activation and prior to the display of activation surface markers. It uses a recently developed sorting platform dubbed “Sorting by Interfacial Tension” (SIFT) that sorts droplets based on pH. After polyclonal (anti-CD3/CD28 bead) activation and a brief incubation on chip, droplets containing activated T-cells display a lower pH than those containing naive cells due to increased glycolysis. Under specific surfactant conditions, a change in pH can lead to a concurrent increase in droplet interfacial tension. The isolation of activated T-cells on chip is hence achieved as flattened droplets are displaced as they encounter a micro-fabricated trench oriented diagonally with respect to the direction of flow. This technique leads to an enrichment of activated primary CD4+ T-cells to over 95% from an initial mixed population of naive cells and cells activated for as little as 15 min. Moreover, since the pH change is correlated to successful activation, the technique allows the isolation of T-cells with the earliest activation and highest glycolysis, an important feature for the testing of T-cell activation modulators and to determine regulators and predictors of differentiation outcomes.
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43

Farayibi, P. K., M. Blüm, and S. Weber. "Hard Cladding by Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering: An Experimental and Simulation Study on Martensitic Stainless Steels." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 11 (August 26, 2020): 5818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05953-4.

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Abstract Martensitic stainless steels are suitable for diverse structural applications but degrade when subjected to wear-prone activities in service. To enhance their service life, the densification of high Cr, martensitic, X190CrVMo20-4-1 tool steel powder on two different martensitic stainless steel substrates via supersolidus liquid-phase sinter (SLPS) cladding was investigated. The objective was to assess the influence of the difference in compositions of the martensitic stainless steels employed as substrates on the interfacial diffusion, microstructure, hardness and bonding strength of the steel-to-steel claddings. Computational thermodynamics and diffusion simulations were employed to supplement experimental findings. Owing to interdiffusion, a M7C3 carbide-free, banded region exists in the X190 adjacent to the interface with the width dictated by chemical potential gradient of carbon. The hardness of the substrate was lower near the interface region because of carbon enrichment, which promoted the presence of retained austenite. An interfacial strength of 798 MPa was achieved with fairly ductile X190 matrix near the cladding interface as the fracture surface was characterized by mixed fracture modes of dimple rupture and cleavage with localized quasi-cleavage features. Experimental observations and computational simulations are in agreement. The implications of the SLPS cladding technique are discussed in the context of tool development.
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44

Amdur, A. M., V. V. Pavlov, and S. A. Fedorov. "Flotation of dispersed gold drops in melts as an element of technological scheme of enrichment." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 3-1 (March 20, 2020): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-31-0-399-409.

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A significant part of gold reserves is represented by microand nanodispersed particles in natural deposits and in technogenic formations. In order to extract microdispersed gold particles by existing enrichment methods, they must be enlarged. This is possible in the process of heating and melting the material by flotation. As a result, the flotation of gold drops in the melts becomes an element of the enrichment scheme. It includes grinding the materials and enrichment by gravity methods after it has cooled. Usually flotation is analyzed as one of the technologies for mineral processing. But it is based on the complex and insufficiently studied physicochemical phenomenon of swimming bodies of higher density than that of a liquid on its surface under the influence of interfacial tension forces. Therefore, flotation refers not only to solid, but also to liquid substances. The conditions and mechanism of the flotation of gold and sulfide drops in oxide melts are analyzed. It was found that the flotation of gold drops in melts leads to their significant enlargement and proceeds at rather high rates. The process of passing a gas bubble through the interphase boundary of two immiscible liquids is considered using the example of a matte-slag system and the conditions for a matte drop to float together with a bubble. The scale of solving these problems is determined by the fact that they expand the idea of flotation of drops in melts as a stage of mineral processing in which valuable components are in a dispersed state.
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45

Guo, Jinyu, Paige Brimley, Matthew Liu, Elizabeth R. Corson, Wilson Smith, and William Abraham Tarpeh. "Engineering the Electrochemical Reaction Microenvironment to Valorize Nitrate-Polluted Wastewaters." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 60 (October 9, 2022): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02602513mtgabs.

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Anthropogenic activities have imbalanced the global nitrogen cycle since the large-scale implementation of Haber-Bosch ammonia manufacturing. The removal of reactive nitrogen species (all inorganic forms besides dinitrogen) has fallen far behind their production, leading to heavy environmental burdens and continuous losses from the nitrogen economy. As the most prevalent waterborne reactive nitrogen pollutant, excessive nitrate jeopardizes both human and ecosystem health. Rather than treat nitrate as a waste, we electrochemically reduce nitrate (NO3RR) to ammonia, a commonly used fertilizer and clean fuel. Electrochemical treatment can enable on-site, modular treatment powered by renewable energy. As an inner-sphere reaction involving multiple hydrogenation and electron-transfer steps, the activity and selectivity of electrochemical NO3RR to NH3 is strongly influenced by properties at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Properties of the electrocatalyst (e.g., chemical composition, crystal structure) are crucial to intrinsic reaction activity and selectivity, while electrolyte properties (e.g., pH, species concentrations) also exert substantial impacts. Together, the electrode and interfacial electrolyte are referred to as the reaction microenvironment. Notably, the reaction environment is dynamically evolving during the reaction process: the electrocatalyst structure can undergo reconstruction, and the interfacial electrolyte properties usually deviate from the initial and bulk electrolyte properties. Titanium (Ti) has been identified as a robust NO3RR electrocatalyst, with appreciable NH3 selectivity and is suitable for real wastewater treatment due to its abundance, moderate cost, and corrosion resistance. We found that NO3RR introduces significant surface reconstruction and forms titanium hydride (TiHx, 0 < x ≤ 2). With a combination of ex situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we demonstrated near-surface TiH2 enrichment with increasing NO3RR applied potential and duration. This quantitative relationship facilitated electrochemical treatment of Ti to form TiH2/Ti electrodes for use in NO3RR, thereby decoupling hydride formation from NO3RR performance. A wide range of NO3RR activity and selectivity on TiH2/Ti electrodes between −0.4 and −1.0 VRHE was observed and analyzed with density functional theory calculations. On the electrolyte side, mass transport modifies the interfacial electrolyte properties and thus regulates NO3RR activity and selectivity. In a representative flow-cell configuration with a Ti electrode, we systematically controlled mass transport conditions and demonstrated their impacts on NO3RR performance. With continuum model simulation and in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy, we characterized the interfacial environment under varied mass transport conditions and elucidated the impacts of interfacial electrolyte properties on NO3RR activity and selectivity. We found that diffusion layer thickness and interfacial cation concentration govern NO3RR activity, while interfacial pH steers NO3RR selectivity. In summary, our study underscores the importance of understanding the reaction microenvironment to inform rational catalyst design and electrolyte engineering to advance NO3RR performance.
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46

Deng, Mingming, Mengting Li, Shangkun Jiang, Yao Nie, Li Li, and Zidong Wei. "Interfacial Water Enrichment and Reorientation on Pt/C Catalysts Induced by Metal Oxides Participation for Boosting the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 13, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03808.

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47

Seixas, U. R., and P. R. Rios. "Influence of Interfacial Layer Growth on the Kinetics of Iron Enrichment in Hot-dip Galvanneal Coatings on IF Steel Sheets." ISIJ International 37, no. 12 (1997): 1269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.1269.

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48

Makimura, Dai, Makoto Kunieda, Yunfeng Liang, Toshifumi Matsuoka, Satoru Takahashi, and Hiroshi Okabe. "Application of Molecular Simulations to CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery: Phase Equilibria and Interfacial Phenomena." SPE Journal 18, no. 02 (January 7, 2013): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163099-pa.

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Summary Molecular simulation is a powerful technique for obtaining thermodynamic properties of a system of given composition at a specific temperature and pressure, and it enables us to visualize microscopic phenomena. In this work, we used simulations to study interfacial phenomena and phase equilibria, which are important to CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of an oil/water interface in the presence of CO2. It was found that CO2 was enriched at the interfacial region under all thermal conditions. Whereas the oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) increases with pressure, CO2 reduces the IFT by approximately one-third at low pressure and one-half at higher pressure. Further analysis on the basis of our MD trajectories shows that the O=C=O bonds to the water with a “T-shaped” structure, which provides the mechanism for CO2 enrichment at the oil/water interface. The residual nonnegligible IFT at high pressures implies that the connate or injected water in a reservoir strongly influences the transport of CO2/oil solutes in that reservoir. We used Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulation to compute phase equilibria and obtain ternary phase diagrams of such systems as CO2/n-butane/N2 and CO2/n-butane/n-decane. Simulating hydrocarbon fluids with a mixture of CO2 and N2 enables us to evaluate the effects of N2 impurity on CO2-EOR. It also enables us to study the phase behavior, which is routinely used to evaluate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). We chose these two systems because experimental data are available for them. Our calculated phase equilibria are in fair agreement with experiments. We also discuss possible ways to improve the predictive capability for CO2/hydrocarbon systems. GEMC and MD simulations of systems with heavier hydrocarbons are straightforward and enable us to combine molecular-level thinking with process considerations in CO2-EOR.
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49

Hu, Weiguo, Maria D. Ellul, Andy H. Tsou, and Sudhin Datta. "Filler Distribution and Domain Size of Elastomer Compounds by Solid-State NMR and AFM." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548166.

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Abstract Solid-state NMR methods were used to characterize the filler distribution in rubber blends and domain size of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV). Correlation between filler content and magic angle spinning (MAS) 13C and 1H NMR signal linewidth was established, and filler content in each component of the rubber blends was determined. In IIR/BR and BIMS/BR blends, carbon black enriches in BR phase. Comparison of the carbon black enrichment in both blends suggests that BIMS has a slightly stronger interaction with fillers than does IIR. Results obtained from AFM analysis were compared with NMR observations. Spin diffusion NMR was demonstrated to be useful for quantifying the amount of interfacial component in TPV. Its advantages — ease of quantification and high sensitivity for smaller domains — make it a complementary approach to microscopic techniques for elastomer morphology characterization.
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50

Hou, Ziman, Ping Peng, Yongqiang Lan, Zihui Wu, and Jianhua Wang. "Effect of MoS2 Yolk-Shell Nanostructure on the Thiophene Separation Performance of PEG Membrane." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (July 27, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5780884.

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Constructing facilitated transport based on π-complexation has been drawing more and more attention in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for pervaporative desulfurization. Herein, a unique molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) yolk-shell nanostructure (MYNS) was prepared and incorporated into the polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix to fabricate MMMs for model gasoline desulfurization by PV. Moreover, the effects of MYNS content, feed sulfur concentration, and feed temperature on the performance of PEG/MYNS MMMs were evaluated. It was found that there is good interfacial compatibility between the MYNS filler and the PEG matrix, and the resultant MMMs show enhanced swelling resistance against thiophene. The PV results revealed that the as-fabricated MMMs are thiophene-selective, and their desulfurization performance in the pervaporative removal of thiophene from n-octane is remarkably evaluated due to the addition of MYNS. The MMMs display the highest sulfur enrichment factor of 4.02 with an associated permeation flux of 2587 g·m−2·h−1 with the MYNS loading of 3 wt. % when carrying out in an n-octane and thiophene (500 μg·g−1) mixture at 343 K. Furthermore, a consistent increment in the permeation flux accompanied with a continuous reduction in the enrichment factor was observed with increasing the feed sulfur concentration and feed temperature. This work may offer great potential for practical gasoline desulfurization applications.
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