Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interfaces utilisateur (informatique) – Philosophie'
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Giroud, Guillaume. "Sens – Entre – Opérations. Éléments pour une philosophie-interfaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO30019.
Full textSince the 19th century, the disciplinary use of the notion of “interface” has continued to grow. It has also been supported by the development of interfaces in our daily environment, from the “cybernetic moment” (Triclot, Wiener, Engelbart, Licklider, Sutherland, Bush...) to our time (Vial, Turkle, Johnson), marked by the so-called digital revolution. Although the “interface”, as an interactive technical object, is studied by different disciplines (HCI, architecture, design, sociology, media studies...), we intend not only to acknowledge their contributions, but above all to propose a philosophical approach according to the perspective of sense (Chazal, Nancy, Salanskis). Our objective is thus to question the relation between the sense and the interface in order to support a “philosophy-interfaces”, following the “philosophy-screens” (Carbone), itself resulting from the “philosophy-cinema” (Deleuze). We will begin by defending the idea that meaning, distinct from the meaning and non-sense of flow, is conceived as between. We will depart from the traditional conception of philosophy centered on being to think relationally this between (Serres, Nancy, Jullien). As a preposition and pre-position, the between of the inter-face challenges the idea that the interface is a type of being. Since prepositions are defined by their operations (Simondon, Mersch), we will then argue that the interface is an operator of mediation (Mersch, Latour, Aristotle, Alloa), which are characterized by the operations of transir (Neyrat, Jullien), transduce (Simondon) and translate (Cassin, Citton, Jullien, Derrida). Thereafter, we will be interested in its specific modality, namely the “face”. Neither form, nor aspect, the face (a face) is what is made (to face). The inter-face thus consists in technically making faces, that is to say in shaping dividuals (Raunig, Deleuze, Ott), and not in shaping an individual (Aristotle, Arendt) or in carrying out a taking of individualizing form (Simondon, Ingold). We will then deduce the three operations of dividuation of the interface: to control (Hookway, Maxwell, Flusser, Vernant), to modulate (Simondon, Hui, Hookway), and to machine (Deleuze). We will finally be able to deduce the effects of the interface as for the sense: 1) the interface makes it possible to locate the sense between by giving a meaning to the nonsense of the digital, and conversely (Bachimont); 2) it makes sensitive the sense, on the one hand, by approaching it by contact (Nancy) and not by touching it, on the other hand, by insisting on its interfacialization (Sloterdijk, Frontisi-Ducroux) rather than on its “visagéification” (Munster, Deleuze) ; 3) it shapes a meaning that is neither common nor universal, but in common (Nancy), making it distinguishable from the notion of device (Agamben)
Gonot, Antoine. "Conception et évaluation d'interfaces de navigation dans les environnements sonores 3D." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0616.
Full textWe are dealing with usability and Human Computer Interaction, so we are interested, not only in the way to functionalize the spatial auditory cues, but also in the way a spatial auditory display should be implemented. The first study was concerned by an egocentric perspective (or first person view), which offers the minimum of visual information about the space being explored. The experiment was a game-like test, in which the task was to navigate in a simplified virtual town using auditory cues that are provided by different targets. We observed different localization behaviours, more or less effective, which explain the differences in performance between binaural and sterephonic rendering (binaural globally reduced the time needed to make a decision at each crossroad). Secondly, we have defined the architecture of a “zoomable” auditory interface, based on a sonic abstraction composed of two audio nodes, whose semantic is borrowed from MPEG-4 standard: the DirectiveSounds, which are monophonic sounds individually spatialized, and the SurroundingSounds, which are native multi-channel sounds encoding the spatial configuration of a scene (amplitude panning). Once a first prototype has been implemented, we have conducted a last experiment, assessing to which extend the replacement of a group of DirectiveSounds by a single SurroundingSound, is an impairment for the end-user. The results showed that such a substitution offered an enhancement compared to a stereophonic upmix, only when the number of sound sources in the scene was sufficiently important
Yang, Yanwu. "Towards spatial web personalization." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002481.
Full textIn the past few years, spatial information and services have proliferated on the Web, due to the fact that most of our daily activities are related to the spatial dimension. The user communities involved in spatial web services are essentially diverse, still in an expansion and transformation with constantly increasing number of user and applications. This opens many research challenges, such as the elicitation of user's interests and preferences and customization of information services on the spatial Web. This PhD research proposes an integrated framework for user modeling and preference elicitation, and personalization services on the spatial Web. The framework identifies personalization services and a semantic user model for spatial web applications. These two components communicate information and knowledge about the user through inter-process communications. The personalization services are based on three mechanisms: the Bi-directional Neural Associative Memory, user-centric spatial proximity and similarity measures, image schemata and affordance concepts. A web-based user interface is integrated with these components, and offers a spectrum of personalized search strategies and a hybrid personalization engine. The user model employs expressive description logics to describe assumptions about the user and to infer implicit user features from user's descriptions as required by an application system. An application scenario in the tourism domain and a Web-based Java prototype provide an experimental validation of the research framework and identified personalization techniques
Rossa, Carlos. "A hybrid actuation system for haptic interfaces." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066700.
Full textCette thèse aborde la conception et la commande d'un nouveau système d'actionnement pour interface à retour haptique. Nous proposons un dispositif hybride comprenant un moteur à courant continu et deux freins magnétorhéologiques. Chaque frein étant associé à une roue libre, son couple de freinage ne peut être transmis que dans une seule direction. De ce fait, lorsqu'un frein et le moteur sont activés en même temps, le frein ne bloque pas le moteur, ce qui permet de combiner les avantages de chaque d'actionneur et d'améliorer la qualité du rendu haptique. L'actionneur peut générer 5. 5Nm, avec un couple par unité de volume de 17. 75kN/m2. Les résultats démontrent que l'actionneur hybride présente moins de frottement et moins d'inertie comparé à un moteur électrique seul connecté à un réducteur de vitesse idéal. Une nouvelle approche de commande basée sur le partage d'impédance est proposée. Les gains d'asservissement relatifs à la raideur simulée par chaque actionneur sont ajoutés en temps réel de manière à respecter les consignes et les critères de stabilité. Ces lois de commandes sont indépendantes de l'environnement virtuel et permettent l'utilisation de l'actionneur dans une large gamme de dispositifs à retour de forces
Diaz-Gonzalez, Constantino. "Augmentation de la performance d'intervention en micromanipulation : application à la microchirurgie." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10152.
Full textSaïdi, François. "Contributions à l'interaction utilisateur système multi-robot : application à un éditeur de mission." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0024.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to model a system allowing a handicapped user to give a mission to a team of robots, and to determine the whole processes necessary to its execution. The increase in the number of robots involves difficulties of management, thus we need to provide an interface adapted for the input and the supervision of this type of mission. We propose a model relying on two levels of abstraction through which the request is analyzed. A first level takes care of the syntactical and semantical checking by validating and supplementing the request. A second level takes care of the geometrical checks and validates the passage of the formations for the transport of object. The result is presented to the user. The system is interactive and incremental, with an active assistance to the mission specification. A solution of implementation is proposed as well as examples
Damala, Areti. "Interaction design and evaluation of mobile guides for the Museum Visit : e case study in multimedia and mobile augmented reality." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0630.
Full textEtude d’Interaction et Evaluation de Guides Portables Multimédia pour la visite culturelle: Des Multimédia à la Réalité Augmentée Mobile (Interaction Design and Evaluation of Mobile Guides for the Museum Visit : A case study in Multimedia and Mobile Augmented Reality). Cette thèse traite l’introduction et l’usage des guides portables multimédia (GPM) d’aide à la visite culturelle. Son hypothèse de travail principale consiste à examiner en quel degré l’usage de technologies de Réalité Augmentée (RA) mobile -en tant qu’élément principal pour la conception et l’implémentation des GPM- pourrait faciliter l’interaction et la navigation tant dans l’application interactive mobile que dans l’écologie sensible de l’enceinte du musée. Le mémoire comporte sept chapitres et est divisé en deux parties. La 1ère partie (chapitres 1-3) pose les fondements théoriques concernant l’hypothèse de recherche principale. La 2ème partie (chapitres 4-7) explore et évalue cette hypothèse de recherche à travers la conception itérative, l’implémentation et l’évaluation d’un GPM basée RA conçu pour un musée des Beaux Arts français (le Musée des Beaux Arts de Rennes). Le 1er chapitre introduit le sujet de recherche en le plaçant dans le contexte plus global de l’Interaction Homme-Machine (IHM) mobile. Nous examinons aussi la façon dont les pratiques d’interprétation et de vulgarisation de l’héritage culturel pour le grand public à l’aide des NTIC ont fait émergé les GPM comme un support nouveau de médiation culturelle. Le 2ème chapitre présente l’état de l’art dans le domaine des guides portables multimédia de visite culturelle, et introduit des critères de classification pour les guides existants. Sont présentés de manière plus extensive et en utilisant les critères de classification au préalable introduit, deux projets des guides portables multimédia pour la visite culturelle, dans l’élaboration desquels l’auteur a participé: MOBIVISIT et DANAE. L’accent est plus particulièrement mis sur les différentes stratégies employées pour la résolution des problèmes de géolocalisation et de navigation tant dans l’espace du musée
Chaari, Tarak. "Adaptation d'applications pervasives dans des environnements multi-contextes." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0058/these.pdf.
Full textPervasive systems aim to make information available anywhere and at anytime. These systems should be used in different contexts depending on the environment of the user, her/his profile and her/his device. Consequently, one of the main problems of this type of information systems is the adaptation to context. In this PHD thesis, we propose a complete, generic, and evolutionary strategy that guarantees the adaptation of applications to context on three facets: (i) the services offered to the user, (ii) the data returned by these services and (iii) their presentation to the user. Service adaptation consists of modules that intercept the application’s service calls and modifying their behaviour using a list of functional adaptation operators. Data adaptation consists in transforming or replacing the non-usable multimedia service outputs in the considered context situation. Presentation adaptation consists in automatically generating the complete code of the user interface that guarantees the interaction with the adapted data and services. Our adaptation strategy has achieved two goals: (i) integrate context incremental awareness in the application and (ii) guarantee the adaptation starting from a simple description of the services offered to the user. We have validated this strategy by developing a platform that guarantees the adaptation of applications to context. We have used Java, OSGi and Web service technologies to implement this platform. We have also successfully tested our adaptation approach on a home health care application of dialysed persons. In essence, we believe that this work is a step ahead towards building adaptive and evolutionary pervasive information systems
Gardes, Joël. "Le Document numérique : la complexité des formes et les formes de la complexité." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0061/these.pdf.
Full textTelecommunication network allow wider and wider range of interconnection of high capacities in computing, memory and bandwidth of terminals. New behaviour are emerging regarding becoming pervasive information. User is no more passive or singular, but a local actor in information processing. New accessibility modes and new use cases are fundamental trends in man machine interface studies. Information presentation is a kind of crossroad between three classical domains : signal acquisition and processing, data and knowledge engineering, man machine interaction. That means that the information presentation is a pluridisciplinar theme, very close from digital document with near subjects. This thesis presents a theorical base with the aim to identify problems of digital communication in the context of pervasive information. Results are presented through proof of concepts prototypes in character and word recognition, and information distance computing. These software are issued from complexity theory and cybernetic. Their main characteristics are represented by a very simple algorithmic solution, regarding complexity to process. An other interesting characteristics is a very handing by user totally included in process loop
Chaari, Tarak Flory André Laforest Frédérique. "Adaptation d'applications pervasives dans des environnements multi-contextes." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chaari.
Full textBailly, Gilles. "Techniques de menus : caractérisation, conception et évaluation." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10062.
Full textMenus are used for exploring and selecting commands in interactive applications. They are widespread in current applications and used by a large variety of users. As a consequence, menus are at the heart of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and motivate many studies in HCI. Facing the large variety of designed menu techniques, it is however difficult to have a clear understanding of the design possibilities, to understand the advances as well as to compare existing menu techniques. In this context, this thesis in HCI proposes a design space of menu techniques called MenUA. MenUA is based on a list of criteria that define a coherent framework of design issues for menus. MenUA also helps application designers to make informed design choices and is a support for exploring design alternatives. Stemming from MenUA, we designed, developed and evaluated four menu techniques: Wave menus, Flower menus, Leaf menus and Multi-Touch Menus. Wave menus improve the novice mode of Marking menus by making the navigation within the hierarchy of commands easier. Flower menus increase the menu breadth of Marking menus while supporting good learning performance of the expert mode. Leaf menus are linear menus enriched by stroke shortcuts to facilitate the selection of commands on small handheld touch-screen devices. Finally, Multi-Touch Menus exploit the recent capabilities of multi-touch surfaces in order to allow the users to explore and select commands using the five fingers of the hands
Borkowski, Stanislaw. "Steerable interfaces for interactive environments." Grenoble INPG, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084658.
Full textMobility is a fundamental feature of modern information technology. Ln this thesis, we investigate the use of a new class of mobile interfaces that can be moved by the computer system within the environment. We cali them steerable interfaces. We create a prototype steerable interface, explore potential applications for this class of interfaces, and evaluate the impact of interface mobility in the context 01 collocated collaborative work. A Steerable Camera-projector pair, built for this study, allows us to display digital images on almost any surface in our laboratory. To copy with image distortions resulting trom projection on surfaces at arbitrary angles, we propose two methods for dynamic image rectification; (a) based on detection of screen boundaries, and (b) based on a pinhole projector model. We use the screen boundaries detection algorithm to create a lightweight Portable Display Surface out of a handheld piece of cardboard. We use computer vision to render projected images interactive. We propose a computer vision based implementation of basic interactive widgets that is robust to changes in lighting conditions. The steerable projector together with the Portable Display Surface allows us to experiment with projection-based mobile interfaces. We propose a number of interaction techniques for controlling the location of a steerable interface, and analyse them using an adaptation of the "coupling" model. Finally, we perform a user study comparing immobile, portable and steerable interfaces in the context of colocated collaborative work. The results of the study show that users enjoy working with both portable and steerable interfaces
Leclair, Olivier. "Modélisation des interfaces utilisateur intelligentes pour les environnements informatisés dédiés à l'apprentissage humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27056/27056.pdf.
Full textSternberger, Ludovic. "Interaction en réalité virtuelle." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/STERNBERGER_Ludovic_2006.pdf.
Full textChristmann, Olivier Carbonell Noëlle. "Navigation dans de grands ensembles non structurés de documents visuels." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0046_CHRISTMANN.pdf.
Full textSternberger, Ludovic Bechmann Dominique. "Interaction en réalité virtuelle." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/775/01/sternberger2006.pdf.
Full textZorola, Villarreal Renaut. "L'évaluation des IHMs multi-utilisateurs dans le travail coopératif." Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10032.
Full textThis thesis entered in the area of the predictive evaluation of multi-users interface for the cooperative work in complex dynamic systems. In this thesis, a multi-users interface evaluation method is proposed: the MESC method (evaluation method of the communication support). The goal of this method is to characterize the interface capacity to aid the communication between users of the work group, when they perform a common task. MESC is a predictive and task-oriented evaluation method, the method integrate an evaluation process based on the modelisation and simulation of the two models: the cognitive communication model and the conceptual specification model of the multi-users interface. MESC is based on the speech acts theory and the cognitive communication theory of sperber and Wilson. MESC aims to usability evaluation of the communication support (that is measured in terms of mutual knowledge and mutual beliefs), because the communication is considered an important element for the cooperation. MESC is an extension and an integration of two methods: the ergonomics method of cooperative environment design and the Diane+ method. The MESC method allows to know the communication support utilisability, to determine what tasks have problems for the communication support, to reduce cycles of evaluation with users in the design phase, to evaluate conceptual specification alternatives, etc. . . On the implementation aspect, the objective of this thesis is the development of a computer. .
Dzeakou, Djoum Patricia. "Interface de recherche multicritère dans un contexte collaboratif : application à la construction et à l'utilisation collaborative d'une mémoire documentaire environnementale." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2016.
Full textNguyen, Viêt Tung. "Infrastructure matérielle et logicielle pour la fusion/fission d'interface homme-machine." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0107.
Full textNowadays, the User Interface (UI) Is changlng: it moves from centralization to distribution, from sedentary function mode to nomadic function mode. This thesis deals with the plastlcity of UI focuslng on the hardware and software infrastructure for fusion/fission of Human Computer Interface. Because of the similarity between the adaptation of the UI and the adaptation of the adaptive controls, this thesls proposes to combine these two areas. Our work revealed the requirements of the continuous estimation for context of use and for usability of UI. We have developed a system prototype capturing contexts to detect changes ln UI interaction resources. An application was developed as an Illustration of UI fusion/fission. Using the developed sensor system, the interactive system provides the user new capabilities such as (i) two-way interaction, (ii) accessing to the different services and (iii) adapting the UI
Robineau, Fabien. "Étude d'un dispositif de guidage de geste chirurgical de ponction par stimulation électrotactile linguale." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10030.
Full textThe purpose of the work is to use the tactile modality to allow the surgeon to guide a needle until a target preserving the visual modality dedicated to the operative field observation. With this intention, the paradigm of sensory substitution using the lingual visuo-tactile device (Tongue Display Unit - TDU -) of Bach-y-Rita is exploited. This research relates to the guidance of puncture gesture with lingual electrotactile spatial information. The objective is to evaluate the performances of the lingual electrotactile system and the spatial tactile discriminative capacities of the tongue. For that, various experiments were carried out : two series of psychophysical fundamental experiments to analyze the lingual comfort and liminary electrotactile thresholds on various areas of the tongue surface and the capacity to discriminate electrotactile patterns of direction. The results are very heterogeneous according to the position of stimulation on the tongue and depend on the perceptive task carried out. Moreover, two experiments applied to the realization of trajectory of puncture using guidance TDU showed that a lingual electrotactile guidance allowed very precisely to direct a needle until a percutaneous target of a few millimeters
Gamha, Youssef. "Composition automatique des services Web sémantiques avec prise en compte des contraintes utilisateur." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112220.
Full textThe development of the Web these last years caused an increase in the number of Web services. The need for the automation of the Web services composition is among the main concerns of the Web. In our thesis, we defined an automatic Framework of composition based on a distributed architecture using a semantic services description with OWL-S and the concept of services community. We defined a set of mapping rules from the user request described in OWL-S towards a representation in statecharts in order to build the composition execution models. The execution is dynamic and is managed by a composition agent which checks the user’s constraints and manages the invocation of the eservices belonging to the various communities. We developed a prototype of composition which simulates the execution of the composition models generated automatically starting from the user request
Sardain, Frédéric. "La propriété intellectuelle à l'épreuve du logiciel : l'exemple des interfaces." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3009.
Full textLaforest, Frédérique. "Modèles et interfaces génériques. Application aux systèmes d'information médicaux." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0001.
Full textThis thesis provides a new approach for the adaptation of soft wares. Especially for organizations that contain repetitive units. Each unit of the structure both uses elements which are common to the whole organization and specific elements. We have introduced a new type of software based on generic system. A generic system aims at gathering the elements which are common to all units of an application domain and allows adaptation to each unit thanks to derivation operations. A generic system contains a generic model (main data and methods of the domain) and a generic user interface ‘discriminant attitudes, entry points, models and documents). The computer Scientific’s concerns the development of the generic system. We provide a methodology for this development. One the other hand, we have introduced a new kind of actor in the software development process: the user conceptor. He (she) is an expert in the concerned domain and well knows the unit’s organization: his (her) role is to make the adaptation of the generic system to his (her) own unit. The interface built by the user-conceptor is based on virtual hypermedia documents: they are the filed on demanded from a database and presentation skeleton. S methodology and tool are also provides to help derivation. This tool offers a page for the document under construction and a palette containing a representation of the model and the items allowing derivation of the interface and of the model in parallel. Lastly we give an example for the conception of a generic system dedicated to the management of medical records in hospital. The aim of this generic system is to allow the management of medical records adapted to each service as well as to assure communication between the services
Carlier, Patrice. "ScenIC : une proposition pour l'assistance à la composition spatio-temporelle des interfaces des environnements de TCAO." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-373.pdf.
Full textSantoro, Carmen. "A task model-based approach for the design and evaluation of innovative user interfaces." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10054.
Full textNowadays, the advent of the wireless Internet and the rapid expanding of novel technologies on the mass market have represented a tremendous stimulus for pushing the development of interactive systems able to encompass support for a larger and larger variety of users, tasks, devices and contexts. In this thesis we present the benefits of using task models in the various steps of the lifecycle of an interactive application. Indeed, we show how they can play an important role in the requirements elicitation phase for example, by requiring precise definition of temporal relationships between the different activities that should be performed, so avoiding any ambiguities. Furthermore, we describe how task models may be exploited in software development beyond early analysis as they can provide valuable information for the design of interactive applications through a number of criteria specifying how to use the data contained in task models to drive the design of the user interface. Additionally, we analyse how they can be used for verification purposes, in order to check some properties of the modelled system (in combination with other models), so improving the level of confidence towards the system, which can be relevant especially in safety-critical contexts. Lastly, we show the benefits that can be gained from using task models in the usability evaluation phase, through a systematic analysis of the impact that the deviations from an expected task plan could have on the quality of the overall system
Oualid, Abdechahid. "Conception et réalisation d'un système interface multilingue pour logiciels : application à un SGBD relationnel : REBU." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4068.
Full textRostam, Beiktafreshi Sasan. "Userware : de l'intégration de l'usage à l'interfonctionnement des services." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0054.
Full textToday s telecommunication systems provide a variety of mobile and fixed applications. These applications can be used by different users having personal preferences concerning which terminal and access mechanism should be used depending on different criteria such as: location, time, access costs, security concerns, etc. In this context, this thesis aims to provide all necessary transparencies needed to be achieved to make users communicate in a simple and optimized way in such a highly dynamic context. Our first proposal concerns the user’s information system. We introduce a novel structure to represent the information related to users. The result is called user profile and contains user’s personal information and his preferences concerning terminals, networks and services. Meanwhile, to each individual resource we associate a usage profile that contains the description of its offered possibilities as well as its imposed constraints. To discover ambient resources and to verify their usability, we introduce a new functional components called ambient grid. In addition, we propose the access grid, which dynamically determines, between all usable resources, those that satisfy the user’s request (VPUN). All these components are integrated into a distributed framework named Userware that resides in all the user devices. A self-management mechanism is proposed through the VUN concept to deal with QoS issues. VUN is a virtual community gathering providers considered equivalent from the point of view of the provided service. If necessary (e. G. In case of failure), each member may intervene to replace a failed provider in the VPUN and thus to maintain the end-to-end QoS
Rostam, Beiktafreshi Sasan. "Userware : de l'intégration de l'usage à l'interfonctionnement des services /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40977539k.
Full textBalbo, Sandrine. "Evaluation ergonomique des interfaces utilisateur : un pas vers l'automatisation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005077.
Full textLeray, David. "D’une famille de composants dialogiques à une méthodologie de synthèse de modèles d’assistance pour un agent conversationnel assistant." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112277.
Full textIn this thesis we deal with the problem of the synthesis of assistance models dedicated to the support of help systems based on natural language interaction with users of computer applications. This problem is challenging because assistance models have to unify two different, sometimes contradictory, points of view upon the same entity: the application at runtime. The hypothesis defended in this work is that using a perceptual-driven representation to organize information in the assistance model resolves (at least partially) the unification problem. We explore this hypothesis on the issue of perceptual grouping of interface components (or widgets). To obtain the representation, we implement an algorithm derived from the gestalt theory. This work has led to the development of a family of so-called “dialogical components” used as modeling items. This family of components, called daft-swing, fits into a generic architecture of query/answer processing, called daft, developed in previous work. The problematic of perceptual grouping and the synthesis of assistance models are then handled via two case studies: the first one, which led to the development of a software tool called dom-filter, describes the implementation of the perceptual grouping algorithm in the context of an experience of model synthesis from a web application. The second one, which led to the development of a software tool called kiwi, is more focused on the synthesis of models involving user’s actions as the main source of information. Each tool produces assistance models based on daft-swing components. Hence these models are directly embeddable in the daft architecture and can be used by its assisting agent
Marx, Anja. "Utilization of an under-actuated robot for co-manipulated guidance for breast cancer detection." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066645.
Full textCette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la co-manipulation. Dans les systèmes co-manipulés, le robot et l'utilisateur accomplissent une tâche d'une manière collaborative. Il existe trois types de co-manipulation. La co-manipulation orthodique est notamment utilisée pour la rééducation des membres où le robot et l'humain sont liés dans plus qu'un point. Dans un système de co-manipulation sérielle, le robot se situe entre l'utilisateur et l'outil qui est contrôlé par le robot. Cette thèse se situe dans le contexte de la co-manipulation parallèle. Dans cette classe, le robot et l'humain manient l'outil directement et en même temps. Ce principe de co-manipulation parallèle a été appliqué dans un contexte médical, plus précisément au diagnostic du cancer du sein. Aujourd'hui, la procédure standard pour ces examens est basée sur des imageries consécutives du sein utilisant d'abord la mammographie (MX) et puis l'échographie (U/S). Cette image U/S en 2D représente une coupe de l'objet. Les images MX peuvent être superposées comme des ``couches d'images'' afin d'obtenir un modèle 3D du sein. Ce fait relève la difficulté principale de cet examen d'imagerie. Pendant l'examen échographique, le radiologue doit localiser une zone d'intérêt précédemment définie dans les images MX en se servant seulement de la coupe 2D du sein. Il est à noter que la patiente doit adopter des positions différentes pour chaque examen. Elle est debout avec un sein comprimé entre une pelote de compression et le détecteur du système pour une mammographie. Cependant pour l'échographie, la patiente est couchée sur le dos. Cette différence de posture de la patiente représentent la deuxième difficulté de l'examen du sein. Le système proposé dans cette thèse facilite la procédure d'examens combinés en gardant la même géométrie du sein. De plus, un bras robotisé guidant la sonde échographique est rajouté au système de mammographie existant. Ainsi, un système de co-manipulation parallèle, qui permet la manipulation simultanée de la sonde échographique par le robot et l'utilisateur, a été mis en place. Jusqu'à présent, plusieurs systèmes de co-manipulation parallèle ont été présentés dans le domaine médical. Tous ont comme point commun d'avoir au moins autant de degrés de liberté (DDL) actionnés que la tâche à effectuer. Ceci implique un coût élevé du système entier ainsi qu'un possible encombrement causé par la structure robotisée. L'intérêt de ce travail est d'analyser des solutions alternatives permettant une amélioration significative du geste médical tout en réduisant l'encombrement dût au robot ainsi que son coût. D'un point de vue robotique, l'innovation consiste à proposer des guidages d'outils d'une manière sous-actionnée. Le robot ne fourni donc pas d'assistance couvrant tous les DDL de la tâche mais une aide partielle ayant comme but d'améliorer les gestes du radiologue. Des mesures comme la distance à la cible et le temps d’examen ont été choisies comme indicateur de performance. Les résultats d'une première série de tests ont démontré qu'un guidage complètement actionné améliore les performances des utilisateurs comparé à aucun guidage. Pour qualifier des améliorations des examens avec un guidage sous-actionné, différents modes de sous-actionnements ont été testés. Les résultats montrent que même un guidage partiel augmente d'une manière significative la qualité des examens échographiques. La précision a pu être augmentée en diminuant la durée de l'intervention. La réduction des DDL nécessite néanmoins une adaptation de la commande du robot à l'architecture du système. Il a été observé dans cette thèse qu'une simple réduction des DDL peut induire des instabilités reliées à l'architecture du système. Elle doit donc être adaptée en fonction du sous-actionnement de chaque cas
Karsenty, Solange. "Graffiti un outil interactif et graphique pour la construction d'interfaces homme-machine adaptables /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606338b.
Full textJia, Ji You. "Mensch-Computer-Kommunikation mit natürlicher Sprache in computerunterstützten Lehr- und Lernsystemen : Probleme und Lösungen /." Göttingen : E. Cuvillier, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41145846b.
Full textFischer, Bertrand. "Etude d'un modèle pour les interfaces de systèmes multimédia distribués." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0406.
Full textAbdul, Razak Bessam. "Interaction homme-machine dans le cas d'un handicap moteur." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TELE0001.
Full textThe main objective of our research work is to improve the integration in daily life of assistive technologies dedicated to compensate motor incapacities for heavily handicapped people. The disadvantages and the social exclusion faced by people with disabilities are considerably increased because of their physical situation , the lack of support, the lack of accessibility and the lack of adapted systems. The use of systems based on new technology, represents a certain potential for autonomy of these people. This enable their integration, and reduces their dependence on their circle of relations. However, the majority of these systems are not adapted to the needs of people with disabilities, which results in a low or non-existent use. Often, this is due to a poor design of the human-machineinterface, wich doesn't take in account the user profile of people with disabilities, doesn't allow further adaptation and customisation. The originality of our work lies primarily in how we coupled our research tasks. We carried out an evaluation of the human-machine interaction, which resulted in the development of quantitative analyses tools. We also worked on the development of generic and configurable software architecture. This system allows users to control complex systems, and is applied to assistive robotic and the smart home dedicated to people with disabilities. Our work allowed the validation of an evaluation methodology which was applied on the field with the involvement of people with disabilities. It also resulted in a control architecture which is a currently applied to the concept of accessibility to a smart environment dedicated to people with heavy disabilities
Dardailler, Pascale. "Hyperview : un éditeur graphique de réseaux dans un environnement hypertexte réparti." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4395.
Full textEsteban, Olivier. "Programmation visuelle pour la construction d'interfaces homme-machine hautement interactives." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10028.
Full textThis thesis presents VILAGE (VIsual LAnguage for Graphical Environnement), a visual language for construction of highly interactive interfaces. VILAGE makes it possible to visually describe by direct manipulation the behaviour of graphical objects and their interrelations. It provides elementary bricks that encapsulate basic interactive behaviours. VILAGE aims at allowing designers to build visual programs in which the control structure is described using data-flows. The flow graph can be structured in order toreuse complex behaviours, thus allowing the designer to create new reusable bricks at design time. Whizz'ed is a visual environment upon VILAGE that can be used for building such user interfaces
Hina, Manolo Dulva. "Le paradigme d'un système multimodal multimedia ubiquitaire au contexte d'interaction." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0028.
Full textContext evolves over time and acquisition of contextual information is essential. We believe that contextual information is best defined by end users. This leads us to the incremental definition of context where context parameters are added, modified and deleted, one context parameter at a time. To be more conclusive and inclusive, we extended the notion of context for it becomes an interaction context (IC). IC refres to the collective context of the users, of his working environnment and of his computing system. To obtain the full benefit of the richness of interaction context with regards to communication in human-machine interaction, we invoke multimodality. With mobile computing, pervasive and adaptative multimodality is more than ever apt to enrich communication in human-computer interaction and in providing the most suitable modes for data input and output in relation to the involving context of interaction. Our work - the paradigm of an interaction context-sensitive pervasive multimodal multimedia computing system is an architectural design, exhibiting adaptability to IC. It is conceived with two purposes. First, given an instance of IC, our system determines the optimal modalities that suit such IC. Second, given an instance of IC and the user's task and preferences, a mechamisn performs an automatic selection of user's application, the preferred suppliers to these applications and the preferred quality of service (QoS) dimension's configurations of these suppliers. This mechanism does its task in consultation with computing resources, sensing the available suppliers and possible configuration restrictions within the given computing set-up
Riman, Chadi. "Méthodologie de développement d'une plateforme d'évaluation pour le handicap : application pour les interfaces de commande." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0033.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study and do a conceptual work of an evaluation tool for handicapped persons. Our work is to create a software platform for interface and assistance evaluation (PLEIA) wich has to answer multiple needs for the command interface : command aptitude evaluation, interface and feedback evaluation and assitance evaluation. The methodology that we followed consists of choosing a command interface that can be described following two tasks : computer using and functional. We cut PLEIA functions into 4 functional blocs : pointing (interface), awakening ( learn input/output), functional and therapeutic environment. The PLEIA tool permits an assistance. With a therapist using the system, we can have an aptitude evaluation and/or education aid for a person. The therapist can create an exercise and activity measure for a chosen situation (functional bloc). He can have multiples modality (or services) configurations : evaluation, assistance, adaptation and supervision. The validation of the 4 functional blocs was partially done by demonstrations and targeted population in France (St. Maurice and Garches hospitals) and in Lebanon (AinWazein hospital)
Fajardo, Flores Silvia. "Modélisation des interactions non visuelles dans un environnement de travail mathématique visuel et non visuel synchronisé." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/184982189#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe students with blindness who study mathematics in an integrated environment face problems that go beyond the difficulty of the subject. The difference of content representation and supporting tools makes difficult the direct communication between people with and without blindness. The computer makes possible the synchronised representation of contents in multiple modalities, allowing direct communication between them. The objective of this work is to identify the characteristics of visual and non visual representation and the interactions that could be useful on an interface to support the teaching and learning process of algebra learning in an integrated environment. We have developed a prototype of a multimodal interface following the principles of user centered design, in which students and mathematics teachers with and without visual disability were involved during the process of development. The prototype allows writing contents using the computer and the braille keyboard ; active reading is possible through different levels of navigation in the semantic tree of the expression ; we also provide some auxiliary functions to facilitate resolution
Xu, Quan. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement de techniques de gestion de fenêtres." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10167/document.
Full textWindow switching is one of the most frequent tasks of any window manager happening several hundred times per day. However this task can become laborious when the number of windows becomes important.This dissertation aims at understanding and developing new switching techniques to help users to improve task switching. In order to understand how users manage their windows, a tool was developed to log user window management activity in mainstream Windows OS. Three techniques: Push-and-Pull Switching, stack scanning and WindowsTagging were designed and developed based on the results of this data.First, Push-and-Pull Switching, a window switching technique using window overlapping to implicitly define groups. Push-and-Pull Switching further allows switching between groups and restacking the focused window to any position to change its group affectation. The empirical evaluations showed that it was 50% faster than other techniques in different scenarios.Second, stack scanning, a window switching technique based on a widget that combines generalized scrolling and crossing to control the stack order of layers of visible windows. The empirical evaluations showed that it was faster than other techniques when the number of windows is high and the visual similarity among windows is important. They also showed that Taskbar was the best choice when the number of windows is small.Finally, to theorize window and group switching, we provided eleven design principles to help designers to design new switching techniques. WindowsTagging was implemented based on these design principles. The empirical evaluations showed that it was faster than Exposé, and participants strongly preferred it
Denjean, Pascale. "Interrogation d'un système vidéotex arborescent : l"indexation des textes." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30235.
Full textMartin, Benoît. "Contribution pour une nouvelle approche du dialogue homme-machine en C. F. A. O." Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Martin.Benoit.SMZ9523.pdf.
Full textUser interfaces takes a large place in CAD/CAM where applications are intensively interactive. User interacts with the objects models in order to make a prototype for vizualization, simulation, manufacturing,. . . To solve the difficulties of this domain, we propose a new interaction model that is based on an unique interaction primitive called interaction. This primitive manages the end-ser intentions and insures a maximum freedom with the guaranty of the dialog coherence. But, the dialog of the interface is often complex and difficult to develop. We propose a dual approach dialog based on the intervention of the user and on the inner knowledge of the models. On one hand, in providing the user a tool based on a graphic formalism, we show that he may create a smart dialog. On the other hand, to facilitate and ensure the completeness of the dialog, we propose to infer it from knowledge of the models. Thus, we define the elements of the models that make possible the generation of dialog. Moreover, using the same formalism, the user can adapt the dialog for his needs. Because of this duality that form the basis of our work, the end-user can specify by himself the interface or even the architecture of the system
Dumoncel, Franck. "Géographie et graphes : une interaction pour exprimer des requëtes spatiales guidée par des adjacences conceptuelles." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2007.
Full textFangseu, Badjio Edwige P. "Evaluation qualitative et guidage des utilisateurs en fouille visuelle de données." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/fangseubadjio_ep.
Full textThe research context of these works is the visual data mining domain and more precisely supervised data classification. Other related fields are: knowledge extraction in the data, machine learning, quality of interface, software ergonomic, software engineering and human machine interaction. The result provided by a visual data mining tool is a data model. Generally, in order to access the quality of visual data mining tools, there is an estimation of the rate of bad classification. We believe that, this estimation is necessary but not sufficient for the evaluation of visual data mining tools. In fact, this type of tools use interfaces, graphical representations, data sets and require the participation of the end-users. On the basis of a state of the art on visualization, visual data mining and software quality, we propose two analysis and evaluation methods: an inspection method for experts and a diagnosis method which can be used by end-users for analysis and quality evaluation that takes account of the specificities of the treated domain. We developed guidelines and quality criteria (measures and metrics) for the analysis and the diagnosis of the visual data mining tools. From the users' point of view, in order to use information relating to their profiles and their preferences throughout the mining process, we also proposed a user model of visual data mining tools. Case studies performed with the proposed diagnosis method enable us to raise other problems than those resulting from the estimation of the rate of bad classification. This work presents also solutions brought to two problems listed during the analysis and the diagnosis of some existing visual data mining tools: the choice of the best algorithm to perform for a supervised classification task and the pre-treatment of very large data sets. We considered the problem of the choice of the best classification algorithm as a multi criteria decision problem. Artificial intelligence allows bringing solutions to the multi criteria analysis. We use the results coming from this domain through the multi-agents paradigm and the case based reasoning to propose a list of algorithms of decreasing effectiveness for the resolution of a given problem and to evolve knowledge of the case base. For the treatment of very large data sets, the limits of visual approaches concerning the number of records and the number of attributes are known. To be able to treat these data sets, a solution is to perform a pre-treatment of the data set before applying the interactive algorithm. The reduction of the number of records is performed by the application of a clustering algorithm, the reduction of the number of attributes is done by the combination of the results of feature selection algorithms by applying the consensus theory (with a visual weight assignment tool). We evaluate the performances of our new approaches on data sets of the UCI and the Kent Ridge Bio Medical Dataset Repository
Barthélemy, Hervé. "Analyse et approfondissement des méthodes de radiosité et d'illumination globale pour le contrôle et la visualisation de simulations numériques de rendu réaliste." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL561N.
Full textGrosjean, Jérôme. "Environnements virtuels : contrôle d'application et exploration de scènes 3D." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0029.
Full textProjection based virtual reality configurations create virtual environments (VE) that favors the direct manipulation of 3D objects and the navigation inside virtual scenes. In comparison, application control is a novice and still scarcely studied research field, which is more difficult to realize in VE than on workstations. We propose for VE application control a simple, fast, compact, evolving and light application control system, named Command and Control Cube (C3). The C3 exists also in a hierarchical and contextual version. In the same context, VEs don't have simple tools for the capture of characters or numerical values. We present a method named QuikWrite VR, inspired by a writing technique on PDA with an interface similar to the C3. Finally, two metaphors are proposed for the creation of a 3D scenes exploration tool. This multifunction tool uses a palette hold in the hand
Fangseu, Badjio Edwige P. Zighed Djamel Abdelkader. "Evaluation qualitative et guidage des utilisateurs en fouille visuelle de données." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/fangseubadjio_ep.
Full textGrynszpan, Ouriel. "Interfaces homme-machines multimédias : conception d'applications éducatives adaptées à l'autisme de haut niveau." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112287.
Full textPsychopathologists express growing interest in the use of computers for special education of people with autism. Our research aims at providing design guidelines for educational software dedicated to specialized teaching for autism. This exploratory investigation relies on an experimental protocol focusing on the study of two dimensions: the domain of learning targeted by educative games (spatial planning versus dialogue understanding) and modalities used in Human Computer Interfaces (HCI). We designed computer games that were tested with 10 teenagers diagnosed with high functioning autism. The subjects' skills were assessed before and after a training period. During evaluation phases, we also controlled for the impact of multimodal as compared to minimalist, task oriented interfaces. Moreover, different HCI were tested during training. The experiment comprised 13 sessions, at the rate of one session per week. We replicated the experiment with a control group of 10 children without autism. A software platform was developed to control HCI modalities and to log users' actions. Moreover, we annotated video recordings of two sessions with the subjects with autism. Results led to underline the role played by executive functions during the interaction with a computer. They also tended to show that multimodality is not necessarily an advantage for people with autism
Couturier, Jean-Michel. "Utilisation avancée d'interfaces graphiques dans le contrôle gestuel de processus sonores." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22074.
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