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Journal articles on the topic 'Interfaces forêt'
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1
Lampin, Corinne, Marielle Jappiot, Laurent Borgniet, and Marlène Long. "Cartographie des interfaces habitat-forêt. Une approche spatiale pour estimer le risque d'incendie de forêt." Revue internationale de géomatique 16, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2006): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.16.321-340.
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Belkaid, H., and P. Carrega. "Interface habitat / forêt : enjeu et facteur de risque incendie." SHS Web of Conferences 3 (2012): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20120301003.
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Rosset, Jean. "Entre la société et la forêt: voyage sur une interface (essai)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0216.
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Forest and society: journey along an interface During the train journey to his work, the author looks through the windows on either side of the compartment. On one side, he sees the world of men, increasingly urban and technical, on the other, the forest. He notes that at the interface of these two worlds, the forester's work is becoming more and more complex and sensitive. He makes proposals about the scale of management of the forest, and the level at which the forester should become involved. He believes that today's generation is responsible for putting in place the framework necessary for the conservation of biodiversity, and proposes the creation of a specialised working group of the Swiss Forestry Society and a national centre of competence for this challenge. He notes the challenges for forest management and silviculture arising in connection with climate change and scarcity of energy. Finally, he concludes that because of a favourable politico-institutional context, the community of those responsible for forest institutions is morally obliged to act in an effective and far-sighted way to safeguard what has been achieved, while adapting to the evolution of our world and anticipating changes. The author concludes that the draft modification to the forest law at present being discussed by the federal parliament is a positive development, and calls on the forest community to unite in its support.
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Virole, Benoît. "Autisme et mondes virtuels. De l’aide des mondes virtuels à la stabilité du soi autistique." psychologie clinique, no. 49 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/psyc/202049083.
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Le fort intérêt des personnes autistes pour les interfaces numériques s’explique par leurs propriétés adaptées au soi autistique et à l’évitement des perturbations inhérentes à l’interaction avec une personne humaine. Ces interfaces numériques peuvent toutefois être utilement insérées dans des prises en charge psychothérapeutiques.
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Walchak, Shelley B. "Electronic Reserves at Fort Lewis College Using Innovative Interfaces, Millennium Integrated Library System." Journal of Interlibrary Loan,Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve 17, no. 1-2 (June 26, 2007): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j474v17n01_15.
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Briggs, K. B., Dajun Tang, and K. L. Williams. "Characterization of interface roughness of rippled sand off Fort Walton Beach, Florida." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 27, no. 3 (July 2002): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2002.1040934.
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GOTO, Satoshi, Hiroshi KAWAMURA, and Katsutoshi MOTEGI. "CT Study on bony interface after Le Fort I osteotomy. Examination of bony interface in maxillary advancement and impaction." Japanese Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 40, no. 4 (1994): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.40.483.
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Arnau, A., J. V. García, Y. Jimenez, V. Ferrari, and M. Ferrari. "Improved electronic interfaces forAT-cut quartz crystal microbalance sensors under variable damping and parallel capacitance conditions." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 7 (July 2008): 075110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2960571.
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Li, Wanshan, Yile Zhang, Yau Shu Wong, and Dong Liang. "ADI-FDTD Method for Two-Dimensional Transient Electromagnetic Problems." Communications in Computational Physics 19, no. 1 (January 2016): 94–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.160914.270315a.
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AbstractAn efficient and accurate numerical scheme is proposed for solving the transverse electric (TE) mode electromagnetic (EM) propagation problem in two-dimensional earth. The scheme is based on the alternating direction finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method. Unlike the conventional upward continuation approach for the earth-air interface, an integral formulation for the interface boundary is developed and it is effectively incorporated to the ADI solver. Stability and convergence analysis together with an error estimate are presented. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the proposed method, and the advantage of the present method over the popular Du-Fort-Frankel scheme is clearly demonstrated. Examples of the electromagnetic field propagation in the ground with anomaly further verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Haines, Seth S., and Karl J. Ellefsen. "Shear-wave seismic reflection studies of unconsolidated sediments in the near surface." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 2 (March 2010): B59—B66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3340969.
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We have successfully applied of SH-wave seismic reflection methods to two different near-surface problems targeting unconsolidated sediments. At the former Fort Ord, where the water table is approximately [Formula: see text] deep, we imaged aeolian and marine aquifer and aquitard stratigraphy to a depth of approximately [Formula: see text]. We identified reflections from sand/clay and sand/silt interfaces and we mapped these interfaces along our transects. At an aggregate study site in Indiana, where the water table is at a depth of [Formula: see text], we imaged stratigraphy in alluvial sand and gravel, and observe a strong reflection from the [Formula: see text]-deep bedrock surface. In both cases, we exploited the high resolution potential of SH waves, their insensitivity to water content, and the possibility of reducing Love wave contamination by working along a roadway. We accomplished our results using only sledgehammer sources and simple data processing flows.
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Valenti, Robert, Alex Brudno, Michael Bertoulin, and Ian Davis. "Fort Point Channel: Concrete Immersed-Tube and Ventilation Building Design." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1541, no. 1 (January 1996): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154100119.
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The Central Artery/Third Harbor Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the largest highway projects over undertaken in the country. It requires the replacement of the existing elevated artery, I-93, with an underground tunnel extending through downtown Boston and an extension of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority (MTA) I-90 from its existing termination at the I-93 interchange to Boston's Logan International Airport. The I-90 extension tunnels east under the existing South Station intercity and commuter railroad tracks, under historic Fort Point Channel while crossing above the 1915 twin subway tunnels, and continues through industrial South Boston with ramps surfacing in a new South Boston interchange, the heart of tremendous growth in Boston. From there the tunnel connects to the recently completed Ted Williams Tunnel harbor crossing to East Boston and Logan International Airport. The unique design challenges and solutions relating to the Fort Point Channel crossing, particularly the use of in-the-wet construction with concrete immersed-tube tunnels and the design interface to the ventilation structures, are presented. Structures required for the I-90 extension are concrete immersed tubes and jacked tunnels, as well as more conventional cut-and-cover tunnels, bridges, surface roads, and ancillary buildings. The geometric and physical restraints of the alignment initially required the placement of the ventilation building, which serves the tunnels, on a cut-and-cover tunnel transition section between the jacked tunnels and the concrete immersed tubes. Ultimately, placement of the ventilation building on the immersed tubes created a substantial cost and schedule benefit.
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Vandergucht, David. "ZFOREST : UN PROTOTYPE DE PLATEFORME WEB DE COVISUALISATION LIDAR, RASTER ET VECTEUR À GRANDE ÉCHELLE." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection 1, no. 211-212 (December 30, 2020): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.551.
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En recherche comme en exploitation forestière, la donnée Lidar aéroportée apporte des clefs de compréhension surla structure du terrain, de la forêt et par extension, des informations sur la biomasse aérienne. Mais pour être utile, cette donnée Lidar doit couvrir de vastes étendues tout en étant très résolue spatialement. Ces caractéristiques se traduisent par de grands volumes de données très difficiles à visualiser, manipuler et étudier sans l’aide de logiciels très onéreux.Dans le cadre du projet ANR FORESEE, nous avons développé un logiciel web, de visualisation mixte nuage de pointsLidar / surface 3D issue d’un Modèle Numérique de Terrain / carte / photographie aérienne et terrestre / donnée vectorielle : la plateforme zForest. Ce logiciel, qui s’adresse aux chercheurs en télédétection et à terme aux exploitants forestiers, permet la navigation à grande échelle dans des données massives et leur exploration, du niveau de détail le plus large (la région) jusqu’au plus fin (l’arbre). Cet outil permet la mesure, l’annotation et l’extraction des données. Il propose également une interface de programmation web (API) permettant à d’autres outils du marché d’utiliser ses données sources. zForest étant une plateforme web, elle est disponible sans installation sur tous les navigateurs internet récents, facilitant son accessibilité et son déploiement.
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Valenzuela, Raul A., and David E. Kingsmill. "Orographic Precipitation Forcing along the Coast of Northern California during a Landfalling Winter Storm." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 9 (August 31, 2015): 3570–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00365.1.
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Abstract This study documents orographic precipitation forcing along the coastal mountains of Northern California during the landfall of a significant winter storm over the period 16–18 February 2004. The primary observing asset is a scanning X-band Doppler radar deployed on the coast at Fort Ross, California, which provides low-level (e.g., below 1 km MSL) horizontal and vertical scans of radial velocity and reflectivity to characterize airflow and precipitation structures. Further context is provided by a wind-profiling radar, a radio acoustic sounding system (RASS), balloon soundings, buoys, a GPS receiver, and surface meteorological sensors. The winter storm is divided into two episodes, each having pre-cold-frontal low-level jet (LLJ) structures and atmospheric river characteristics. Episode 1 has a corridor of terrain-trapped airflow (TTA) that forms an interface with the LLJ. The interface extends ~25 km offshore in a ~0.5-km vertical layer, and the western edge of this interface near the ocean surface advances toward the coast over the course of ~5 h. The TTA acts as a dynamically driven barrier, so that the incoming LLJ slopes upward offshore below 1.5 km MSL and precipitation is enhanced over the ocean and near the coast. The absence of a TTA in episode 2 allows the cross-barrier flow to slope upward and enhance precipitation directly over the coastal mountains. A theoretical analysis favors the hypothesis that a gap flow exiting the Petaluma Gap forces the TTA.
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Larson, Debra S., and Richard Mirth. "A Case Study on the Economics of Thinning in the Wildland Urban Interface." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.1.60.
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Abstract This is a case study, supplemented by an economic model, of one 85 ac ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated stand, called Unit 16, that was treated during the summer of 2001. Unit 16 is located in the Greater Flagstaff Forests Partnership's Fort Valley project area of the Coconino National Forest and is part of the Flagstaff, AZ wildland urban interface. The silvicultural prescription was a full restoration prescription anchored to the presettlement condition and was limited by a 16 in. dbh cutting cap. The operational strategy for the merchantable material was hand felling, limbing, topping, bucking in the forest, and forwarding of logs to the landing for loading on waiting trucks. The nonmerchantable trees were cut and rough piled, along with limbs and tops. The economic model estimated the logging contractor's costs to total $124,117. His total revenue stream during the summer of 2001 was detrimentally impacted by two unforeseen changes in his market. His normal purchaser of wood from small trees <8.0 in. dbh was unable to purchase this wood and his other market reduced its purchase price by 11%. As a result, his projected income went from providing a small profit of $7,857 to a loss of $3,284. Costs to the Forest Service to prepare the unit and to conduct postthinning activities were estimated to total $31,9160. Net costs to the Greater Flagstaff Forests Partnership in the form of a service contract with the logger totaled $17,000. West. J. Appl. For. 19(1):60–65.
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Dezayes, Chrystel, and Catherine Lerouge. "Reconstructing Paleofluid Circulation at the Hercynian Basement/Mesozoic Sedimentary Cover Interface in the Upper Rhine Graben." Geofluids 2019 (March 6, 2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4849860.
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In this paper, we focus on paleocirculation at the Hercynian basement/sedimentary cover interface in the tectonic environment of the Upper Rhine graben. The goal is to increase our understanding of the behavior of the fracture-fault network and the origin of the hydrothermal fluids. We studied orientations, mineral fillings, and fluid origins of fractures that crosscut the Hercynian granitic basement and the Permo-Triassic formations in relation to the major tectonic events. Because the Mesozoic formations and the Hercynian basement on the graben flanks and inside the graben do not have the same evolution after uplift, our study includes 20 outcrops on both graben flanks and cores of the Soultz-sous-Forêts geothermal wells located inside the graben. The Hercynian granitic basement and Permo-Triassic formations were affected by several brittle phases associated with fluid circulation pulses related to graben formation during the Tertiary. We distinguished at least four stages: (1) reactivation of Hercynian structures associated with pre-rift tectonics during the early Eocene and descending meteoric waters, characterized by shearing/cataclasis textures and precipitation of illite and microquartz; (2) initiation of convective circulation of deep hot brines mixed with descending meteoric waters at the Hercynian basement/sedimentary cover interface during this first stage of Eocene rifting, characterized by dolomite and barite fillings in reactivated Hercynian fractures; (3) N-S tension fractures associated with rift tectonics just prior to uplift of the graben shoulders during Oligocene extension and descending meteoric waters, characterized by cataclastic textures and precipitation of quartz, illite, hematite, and barite; and (4) current convective circulation of deep hot brines mixed with descending meteoric waters at the Hercynian basement/sedimentary cover interface, characterized by calcite and barite fillings within the graben. This convective circulation is today present in deep geothermal wells in the western part of the Rhine graben.
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Smye, Katie M., Casee R. Lemons, Ray Eastwood, Guinevere McDaid, and Peter H. Hennings. "Stratigraphic architecture and petrophysical characterization of formations for deep disposal in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): SL1—SL17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0195.1.
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Disposal of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water into Ordovician and Cambrian formations of the Fort Worth Basin (FWB), coupled with an increase in observed seismicity in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, necessitates an understanding of the geologic character of these disposal targets. More than 2 billion barrels (Bbbls) of wastewater have been disposed into the Ordovician Ellenburger Group of the FWB over the past 35 years. Since the implementation of the TexNet Earthquake Catalog (1 January 2017), more than 20 earthquakes of local magnitude ML2.0 or greater have been detected in the area, with depths ranging from 2 to 10 km (approximately 6500–33,000 ft). The cited mechanism for inducement of these earthquakes is reactivation of basement faults due to pore pressure changes, either directly related to proximal disposal or due to disposal volume buildup over time. Here, we present a stratigraphic and petrophysical analysis of FWB disposal targets and their relation to basement rocks. The Ellenburger consists of alternating layers of limestone and dolomite, with minor siliciclastics above the basement toward the Llano Uplift. Matrix porosity averages <5 porosity units (p.u.), with higher porosity in dolomitic layers than in limestone. Dolomite dominates at the top of the Ellenburger, which was exposed at the end of both the Lower and Upper Ordovician. Where crystalline basement rocks are penetrated, the composition ranges from granitic to chlorite-bearing metamorphosed lithology. The basement-sediment interface is frequently marked by increased porosity. An updated map of structure on top of basement indicates elevations ranging from outcrop at the Llano Uplift to more than [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) subsea toward the northeast. The disposal zone pore volume is estimated from thickness and porosity maps and ranges from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] billion barrels per square mile ([Formula: see text]).
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Glaas, Carole, Patricia Patrier, Jeanne Vidal, Daniel Beaufort, and Albert Genter. "Clay Mineralogy: A Signature of Granitic Geothermal Reservoirs of the Central Upper Rhine Graben." Minerals 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050479.
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Clay minerals are the signature of hydrothermal alterations related to fluid circulation in volcanic and crystalline rocks. In the French part of the Upper Rhine Graben, in the deep-seated granites, illitic minerals (illite and I/S mixed layers (ml)) are typical products of the structurally-controlled argillic alteration in the Paleozoic granitic basement. In the new Illkirch geothermal well, GIL-1, drill-cuttings were studied with various petrographic methods to determine the characteristics of illite in paleo- and present-permeable zones, and to compare the alteration mineralogy with that of geothermal Soultz-sous-Forêts and Rittershoffen sites. Alteration petrography, crystal structure as well as the chemical composition of the illitic minerals and the altered bulk rocks were performed all along the well. This complete characterization, combined with geophysical logs and structural results, highlighted that the illitic minerals at Illkirch, Soultz-sous-Forêts, and Rittershoffen are composed of illite and illite-rich illite-smectite mixed layers (I/S ml) (<10% smectite). Two mineralogical assemblages were distinguished: chlorite + illite resulting from the propylitic alteration after the emplacement of the granitic basement under temperatures higher than 350 °C, and illite + I/S ml + carbonates + quartz resulting from the argillic alteration due to fluid circulation in the fractures at temperatures between 130 and 160 °C. Fracture zones are characterized by the occurrence of illitic minerals (illite and I/S ml), and specifically, by higher quantities of I/S ml in present-day permeable zones than in paleo-permeable zones. A conceptual model of the fracture zones at the interface between the overlying sedimentary rocks and the granitic basement is proposed. The present-day permeability distribution is controlled by the fault and fracture network, which consists of sealed zones and unsealed zones. Fluid convection in the URG implies paleo and present fluids circulating in both fractured sedimentary and crystalline reservoirs. Such circulations develop illitic minerals that could be considered as exploration guides for future geothermal sites in the URG. At Illkirch, the repartition of the present-permeable fracture zones (KFZs) in the GIL-1 well indicates that the moderately argillically altered granite distally situated from the Eschau fault is more permeable than the intensely argillically altered granite close to the Eschau fault.
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Alvarenga, Camila, Haji Abdulrazagh Parisa, and T. Hendry Michael. "Moisture and soil strength monitoring of a railway embankment remediated with wicking geotextile." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133703001.
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A 45 m section of a railway embankment located at Fort Saskatchewan County in Alberta, Canada, was remediated as a part of the Canadian Pacific Railway’s (CP) Grade Stabilization/Remediation Plan. The embankment materials were replaced while a 4.6 m wide reinforcing geotextile (Mirafi® RS580i) and a 7.3 m wide wicking geotextile (Mirafi® H2Ri) were installed in the ballast and sub-ballast interface and between the subgrade and sub-ballast, respectively, aiming to address issues such as poor drainage and moisture retention. The studied site consists of an instrumented track including a remediated and an adjacent control section that provided the opportunity to measure volumetric water content (VWC) within the sub-ballast and clayey subgrade at both configurations. The VWC variation with seasonal weather change is continuously monitored by nine moisture sensors, and an antecedent precipitation index (API) model was developed to evaluate the influence of precipitation events on the VWC in both sections and to interpret the impact of the in situ VWC on the unsaturated strength of the soil according to the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) results. An initial evaluation of the moisture-suction relationship has shown that the subgrade soil strength is improving within the remediated section; nonetheless, these trends are anticipated to be more consistent with long-term observation.
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Meyer, Edson L., and Julian C. Nwodo. "Autonomous Dynamic Adaptability System to Maintain Irradiance Levels in a Steady-State Solar Simulator." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 4534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134534.
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This paper presents the design of an autonomous dynamic adaptability system (ADAS) for maintaining the irradiance levels of a steady-state xenon arc lamp solar simulator (SS). The solar simulator is used to carry out indoor testing and accelerated age tests on photovoltaic (PV) cells at the Fort Hare Institute of Technology (FHIT). The ADAS was designed primarily for two reasons: Firstly, to maintain a set irradiance level, irrespective of external effects which may cause unintended irradiance drift or fluctuations, while carrying out indoor tests. Secondly, to achieve the solar simulator set point quicker, thus reducing temperature build up on the target area. At a cold start, the SS runs at 20% of its rated current (145 A). At 20% of 145 A, the simulator gave an irradiance of 145.97 Wm−2 with a non-uniformity of 1.02%, and a cell surface temperature of 24.9 °C. At 50%, the simulator produced irradiance of 501.30 Wm−2, with a non-uniformity of 1.53% and a cell surface temperature of 25.0 °C. The irradiance of 1000 Wm−2, with a non-uniformity of 3.26% and a cell surface temperature of 25.9 °C, was achieved at 90% of the rated current. From the results obtained, the ADAS demonstrates that it can reliably operate the SS with very minimal human–machine interaction. Through the autonomous dynamic adaptability, set irradiance levels are maintained in a steady-state solar simulator once the user supplies operational set points via the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) interface.
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Azzola, Jérôme, Benoît Valley, Jean Schmittbuhl, and Albert Genter. "Stress characterization and temporal evolution of borehole failure at the Rittershoffen geothermal project." Solid Earth 10, no. 4 (July 22, 2019): 1155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1155-2019.
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Abstract. In the Upper Rhine Graben, several innovative projects based on enhanced geothermal system (EGS) technology exploit local deep-fractured geothermal reservoirs. The principle underlying this technology consists of increasing the hydraulic performances of the natural fractures using different stimulation methods in order to circulate the natural brine at commercial flow rates. For this purpose, knowledge of the in situ stress state is of central importance to predict the response of the rock mass to different stimulation programs. Here, we propose a characterization of the in situ stress state from the analysis of ultrasonic borehole imager (UBI) data acquired at different key moments of the reservoir development using a specific image correlation technique. This unique dataset has been obtained from the open-hole sections of the two deep wells (GRT-1 and GRT-2, ∼2500 m) at the geothermal site of Rittershoffen, France. We based our analysis on the geometry of breakouts and drilling-induced tension fractures (DITFs). A transitional stress regime between strike-slip and normal faulting consistent with the neighboring site of Soultz-sous-Forêts is evident. The time-lapse dataset enables us to analyze both in time and space the evolution of the structures over 2 years after drilling. The image correlation approach developed for time-lapse UBI images shows that breakouts extend along the borehole with time and widen (i.e., angular opening between the edges of the breakouts) but do not deepen (i.e., increase in the maximal radius of the breakouts). The breakout widening is explained by wellbore thermal equilibration. A significant stress rotation at depth is evident. It is shown to be controlled by a major fault zone and not by the sediment–basement interface. Our analysis does not reveal any significant change in the stress magnitude in the reservoir.
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Zhang, Weimin, Sung Youn, and Quang T. Doan. "Understanding Reservoir Architectures and Steam-Chamber Growth at Christina Lake, Alberta, by Using 4D Seismic and Crosswell Seismic Imaging." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, no. 05 (October 1, 2007): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97808-pa.
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Summary EnCana Corporation's Christina Lake Thermal Pilot Project located 170 km south of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, uses steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology to recover bitumen from the Lower Cretaceous McMurray formation. This paper presents an analysis of time-lapse and crosswell seismic data, as part of an overall study integrating different disciplines and technologies, to understand the effects of geology on SAGD-process performance in the pilot area. A 3D baseline survey was conducted at the start of the pilot in 2001, and two follow up surveys were conducted in 2004 and 2005. In addition, six crosswell seismic profiles were acquired by placing both sources and receivers in the vertical wellbores. The goal of the seismic surveys was to better understand steam-chamber growth and reservoir architecture by detecting lithology changes, including the occurrence and distribution of mudstone stringers. Data from the surveys, especially from the crosswell profiles, indicated significant reservoir heterogeneity, and helped to characterize reservoir architecture in the pilot area more accurately. Analysis of seismic data (both 4D and crosswell) showed steam-chamber growth and oil recovery to be influenced strongly by reservoir geology. Steam-chamber growth is especially affected by the presence of low-permeability facies in the vicinity of the SAGD well pairs. Our analysis indicates that these reservoir heterogeneities have contributed to the creation of areas within the reservoir that have been unaffected by steaming operations to date. These findings are in agreement with flow-simulation results and collectively contribute significantly to the planning of future developments. Introduction The SAGD process was developed conceptually and investigated experimentally by Butler (1994). Main features of the original SAGD model for the lateral spread of the steam chamber included thermal conduction ahead of a steady-moving steam-chamber interface; countercurrent gravity drainage of mobilized bitumen, or heavy oil; and vertical rise of the steam chamber. This recovery process was field tested at the Underground Test Facility (UTF) near Fort McMurray through a number of different phases of pilot operation (Edmunds et al. 1989; Komery et al. 1993). Field applications of the SAGD process have revealed several issues of considerable importance to the recovery performance, including wellbore hydraulics, reservoir heterogeneity, effects of solution gas, and production of solids (Edmunds and Gittins 1993; Ito and Suzuki 1999; Suggett et al. 2000; Ito 1999; Edmunds 1999; Birrell 2003). This paper relates initial efforts undertaken by the Christina Lake Project team to integrate geology, geophysics (specifically, seismic technology), and reservoir engineering to further the understanding of steam-chamber growth in the McMurray reservoir for the Christina Lake SAGD project. Phase 1 of the SAGD pilot was implemented in 2001 at Christina Lake with the drilling and completion of three SAGD well pairs (A1, A2, and A3). Since then, three additional well pairs have been added (A4 well pair in October 2003 and A5 and A6 well pairs in August 2004). Fig. 1 illustrates the project area (TWP 76, R06 west of 4th Meridian), which now includes six SAGD well pairs along with observation wells and disposal wells. The following discussion will be limited to A1 through A4 well pairs, as production histories for the A5 and A6 well pairs are rather limited.
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Awodi, Peter Inalegwu. "‘Pilfering the commons’ through law: Global land governance and its impact on Nigerian smallholder women farmers in an age of land grabbing / Voler les biens communs par la loi: La gouvernance foncière mondiale et son impact sur les petites agricultrices nigérianes à l’ère de l’accaparement des terres." Journal of the African Union Commission on International Law 2021 (2021): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/aucil/2021/a4.
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This study digresses from the dominant narratives advanced in extant literature which have mainly analysed the question of national sovereignty over natural resources in Nigeria from the perspective of contestations over crude oil in the restive Niger Delta region. This study brings a fresh insight to the debate about national sovereignty over natural resources by examining the interface between international law and national land governance laws in an age of land grabbing in Nigeria. This study reveals how provisions of the ‘Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests’, international human rights laws, international investment laws, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) and the Land Use Act of 1978 were deployed to reinforce land grabbing by foreign capitalist agribusiness firms in Nigeria. Findings from the study reveal how the 2007/2008 global economic recession shifted investors’ interest to agriculture, leading to a renewed interest in acquiring large swathes of farmlands in Nigeria. The instrumentality of international and Nigerian laws was deployed in the processes of acquiring, establishing and operationalising these controversial commercial farms. A combination of superimposing international and national legal frameworks underpinning investments, land tenure systems and human rights was invoked to acquire land to establish the 15 000-hectare Casplex Farms, the 13 000-hectare Shonga Farms, and the 10 000-hectare Olam International Rice Farm in northcentral Nigeria. Basically, provisions in section 12.1 of Part 4 of the FAO’s ‘Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests’, art 17(1) of the UDHR, s 43 of Part 4 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), and s 28(1) of Part 5 of the Land Use Act of 1978 have reinforced land grabbing in Nigeria. At the same time, the study, which draws on historical and exploratory research designs, brings to light the human security implications of such expropriation of indigenous farmland used by vulnerable smallholder women farmers who hold fragile customary rights to land. The study recommends the review of legal instruments on the control of land resources to prevent exploitation by capitalist foreign investors and to provide adequate legal protection for peasants to curtail institutional arbitrariness. Cette étude se dissocie des études existantes dans la littérature qui ont le plus souvent analysé la question de la souveraineté nationale sur les ressources naturelles au Nigeria sous l’angle des contestations sur le pétrole brut dans la région rebelle du Delta du Niger. Cette étude apporte un nouvel aperçu dans le débat à propos de la souveraineté nationale sur les ressources naturelles en examinant l’interface entre le droit international et les lois nationales de gestion de la question foncière à l’ère de l’accaparement des terres au Nigeria. Cette étude révèle comment les dispositions des « Directives volontaires pour une gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers applicables aux terres, aux pêches et aux forêts », les lois internationales sur les droits de l’homme, les lois internationales sur les investissements, la Constitution de la République Fédérale du Nigeria 1999 (telle que modifiée) et la loi sur l’utilisation de la terre ont été déployées pour renforcer l’accaparement des terres par les entreprises capitalistes étrangères agro-industrielles au Nigeria. Les recherches montrent comment la récession économique mondiale de 2007/2008 a dévié l’intérêt des investisseurs vers l’agriculture, ce qui a suscité un intérêt pour l’acquisition de grandes parcelles de terres agricoles. L’instrumentalisation des lois internationales et nigérianes ont été déployées dans ce processus d’acquisition, d’établissement et d’opération de ces plantations commerciales controversées. Une combinaison suprême des cadres juridiques internationaux et nationaux sous -tendant les investissements a été invoquée pour acquérir les terrains pour établir la plantation Casplex de 15 000 hectares, la plantation Shonga de 13 000 hectares, et la rizière d’Olam International de 10 000 hectares dans le centre-nord du Nigeria. Essentiellement, les dispositions de l’article 12 alinéa 1er Partie 4 des « Directives volontaires pour une gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers applicables aux terres, aux pêches et aux forêts », de la FAO, article17 alinéa 1er de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’Homme, article 43 de la Partie 4 de la Constitution de la République Fédérale du Nigeria 1999 (telle que modifiée), et l’article 28 alinéa 1er de la loi sur l’utilisation de la terre de 1978 ont renforcé l’accaparement des terres au Nigeria. Dans le même temps, cette étude qui s’inspire des modèles de recherches historiques et exploratoires, met en relief les implications sur la sécurité humaine d’une telle expropriation des terres agricoles autochtones utilisées par des petites agricultrices détenant des droits coutumiers fragiles sur la terre. Cette étude recommande la revue des instruments juridiques sur le contrôle des ressources foncières afin de prévenir l’exploitation des investisseurs étrangers capitalistes et de prévoir une protection juridique adéquate aux paysans pour réduire l’arbitraire institutionnel.
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Bouisset, Christine, and Isabelle Degrémont. "Le rôle des riverains dans le façonnement des interfaces ville-forêt." Projets de paysage, no. 13 (December 31, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paysage.10237.
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LAMPIN-MAILLET, Corinne, Marlène LONG, and Marielle JAPPIOT. "Une méthode pour caractériser et cartographier les interfaces habitat-forêt, un enjeu pour la prévention des incendies de forêt." Revue Forestière Française, no. 3 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/19772.
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Bihay, Thomas. "Médiologie, narratologie et production de sens du webdocumentaire." Nouvelles écritures interactives audiovisuelles 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.2797.
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Cet article interroge l’influence des caractéristiques médiologiques et narratologiques du webdocumentaire sur la réception, la production de sens et la compréhension par le spectacteur. Après avoir exposé les choix méthodologiques effectués, ainsi que le corpus sélectionné (Voyage au bout du charbon, Prison Valley, Manipulations et Fort McMoney), il présente les principales réflexions élaborées sur la base des résultats de l’étude.
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Lavaud, Sophie. "Du plaisir de l’immersion dans les environnements numériques." Du plaisir dans les environnements numériques 3, no. 1 (January 19, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/interfaces-numeriques.1958.
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L’image numérique artistique qui fait appel pour sa morphogenèse à des modèles de simulation de lois internes pour rendre compte de processus d’une réalité externe, permet l’émergence de comportements dynamiques dont l’invention est source de plaisir. En premier lieu pour le créateur qui leur donne en quelque sorte « vie ». Ensuite, pour le lecteur/acteur chez qui prend forme une « conscience immersive » au cours de son exploration interactive de cette image devenue « vivante », avec laquelle il va engager un véritable dialogue. À l’inverse de ce qui se passe dans les parcs d’attraction ou de loisirs, l’esprit tout autant que le corps est alors mobilisé. De cette rencontre naissent des plaisirs sensoriels fort éloignés de la simple distraction, de la passivité et de l’ivresse euphorique. La « conscience immersive » transporte phénoménologiquement l’interacteur dans la dimension d’une esthétique de « l’énaction » à la fois cognitive et sensorielle qui donne accès à des niveaux de conscience de plus en plus profonds vers le savoir et la connaissance.
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Sorg, Jean-Pierre. "Editorial: Appréhender le changement climatique dans une interface Homme-forêt." Madagascar Conservation & Development 11, no. 1 (June 13, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v11i1.1.
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Calvo, Ignacio, Tomas Dorta, and Jean-Marc Robert. "An empirical study on the user's context in mobile videoconferencing devices." Journal d'Interaction Personne-Système Volume 3, Issue 2, Special..., Special Issue "the best... (July 22, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/jips.663.
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International audience This paper presents an exploratory empirical study on the user's context in mobile videoconferencing in order to improve the user interface of mobile video devices. Through the rich exchange of information, mobile video communication can provide a better sense of presence than other means of communication. Yet the current mobile interfaces lack the flexibility required to be creative and more meaningful in a videoconference exchange. We conducted observations with 16 participants in three activities where their conversations, reactions and behaviours were observed. Two focus groups were used to identify habits formed from regular use. Results suggest an important difference between the use of the front-facing or back-facing camera and the importance of offering tools that provide more control over the video exchange. From theses results, the study proposes several design recommendations for mobile video communication interfaces in order to support the construction of the user's mobile context. Ce document présente une étude empirique sur l'utilisation de la vidéoconférence mobile et le contexte de l'usager afin de proposer des lignes directrices pour la conception des interfaces des dispositifs de communication vidéo mobile. Grâce à un échange riche d'informations, ce type de communication peut amener un sentiment de présence fort, mais les interfaces actuelles manquent de flexibilité pour permettre aux usagers d'être créatifs et pour avoir des échanges plus significatifs dans une vidéoconférence. Nous avons mené des observations avec 16 participants dans trois activités où leurs conversations, les réactions et les comportements ont été observés. Deux groupes de discussion ont aussi servi pour identifier les habitudes formées à partir d'une utilisation régulière. Les résultats suggèrent une différence importante entre l'utilisation de la caméra de face ou de dos, le type de comportement, et la nécessité de fournir des outils qui offrent plus de contrôle sur l'échange dans la conversation. D'après les résultats, l'étude propose plusieurs lignes directrices de conception pour les interfaces de communication vidéo mobiles, concernant la construction du contexte mobile de l'utilisateur.
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DUTOIT, T., F. HENRY, and A. SAATKAMP. "Distribution de la végétation dans une interface forêt - terre de parcours : rôle du pâturage ovin." Revue Forestière Française, no. 5 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/28075.
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Garutsa, T. C., and P. M. Mahlangu. "Using transdisciplinarity in the university: Giving a voice to the voiceless in the grounding program at Fort Hare." Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/td.v10i3.179.
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In this article giving a voice to students in higher institutions acknowledges that there is much to be gained from entering into the students’ world and respecting their versions of reality. If transdiciplinarity is to be achieved in institutions of higher education, knowledge should be presented through mutual learning and dialogue across disciplines towards a horizon of shared understanding. The student participation, transdisciplinary interface provides a critical framework and an experience of building a diverse intellectual community as a basis for curriculum renewal. This paper builds upon fieldwork conducted amongst students enrolled for the Grounding Program also known as Life Knowledge Action and staff. Unstructured interviews were used. Narrative descriptions where derived and were analysed through content analysis. The findings indicated that, the student participation-transdisciplinarity interface is elucidated through the case of the Life Knowledge Program under the Centre for Transdisciplinary Studies at the University of Fort Hare. The interface is embedded in the exchange of ideas which supercedes mono-inter- discipline, addressing cross cutting issues that create additional value. The discourse of Transdisciplinarity has been promoted through the structure of the curriculum and emphasis placed on the attainment of mutual dialogue amongst learners themselves and with lecturers.
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"Numerical Analysis of Blast Pressure Distribution on RC Wall Surface." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3S3 (December 16, 2019): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c1093.1183s319.
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Three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling of blast subjected to reinforced concrete wall is studied in this paper. The Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (ALE) solvers approach is employed for the interface analysis between air and structure in AUTODYN commercial software. The previous published empirical and semi empirical methods are compared on the blast pressure profile impacted on the wall surface. Besides, the effects of air volume size, the effects of air grid mesh refinement also assessed. Initially, the 3D numerical blast pressure is validated with the blast pressure test conducted at Fort Leonard Wood Army Base for further blast pressure investigation. From series of simulation conducted, the blast pressure at the bottom part on the wall surface experienced the highest pressure. Contrary on the empirical and semi empirical, the blast pressure distribution is identical either at the top or bottom surface of the wall.