Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interfaces de recherche'
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Da, Silva Franck. "Cartographie des interfaces protéine-protéine et recherche de cavités droguables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF034/document.
Full textProtein-protein interfaces are involved in many physiological mechanisms of living cells. Their characterization at the molecular level is therefore crucial in drug discovery.We propose here new methods for the analysis protein-protein interfaces of pharmaceutical interest. Our automated protocol detects the biologicaly relevant interfaces within the Protein Data Bank structures, droguables cavities, ligands present at the interface and pharmacophores derived directly from the cavities. Our method enables a state-of- the-art of all available structural information about protein-protein interfaces and predicts potential new targets for drug candidates
Thièvre, Jérôme. "Cartographies pour la recherche et l'exploration de données documentaires." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20115.
Full textThis thesis is based on information visualization techniques in order to explore and analyze documentary data. Two representations are studied from a theoretical and practical point of view: Venn-Euler diagrams and node-link diagrams. Venn-Euler diagrams are set-based representations. We use them as graphical formulation interface for boolean queries. Each diagram can also be seen as a map of the documents base which provides information on its content and feedback on the quality of the search keywords. Node-link diagrams are used to visualize graphs. We studied layout, filtering and graphical encoding methods applicable to this kind of diagrams. We designed a graph visualization API which allows us to evaluate the properties of various force models, such as the classics from Fruchterman-Reingold and Eades, or the visual clustering models from Noack. We implemented several filtering algorithms in order to enhance the readability of diagrams while controlling the lost of information. Graphical encoding is the use of various visual display elements, such as color, size and shape to map data attributes. Customization of graphical encoding allows users to bring to the foreground their objects of interest within the visualization. The association of these methods provides us solutions to create interactive and customizable displays which are particularly useful for exploration and visual analysis of various real complex graphs, such as web pages, bibliographical and documentary data networks
Limare, Nicolas. "Recherche reproductible, qualité logicielle, publication et interfaces en ligne pour le traitement d'image." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783299.
Full textDzeakou, Djoum Patricia. "Interface de recherche multicritère dans un contexte collaboratif : application à la construction et à l'utilisation collaborative d'une mémoire documentaire environnementale." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2016.
Full textNaït-Baha, Leïla. "Les points de vue : vers une caractéristation de la notion de besoins utilisateurs pour la collecte d'informations sur le Web, conception et réalisation du méta-moteur de recherche RAP." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040122.
Full textThis thesis comes within the framework of information retrieval on the Web with the help of methods inspired by the computational linguistics researchs of LaLICC laboratory. The purpose of our work is to develop a tool that allows to assist in an interactive way, during an information retrieval session, a user who wants to collect some information available on the Web on a given notion or topic. The main idea which is realized through this tool called RAP (Research, Analyse, Propose), consists in foàcusing the search according to one or more points of view which allow to satisfy, in a gradual way, the user information needs. Conceptually, a great part of our work consisted to study how to characterize the user need notion that constitute the intuitive foundation on which rely the notion of points de view. In this order, the linguistic knowledge we use allows as to not see the need notion as necessarily related to a particular community of users. Our reflexions led us to pose the elementary or complex informational need notions as a theoritical framework of our research. To these needs correspond the points of view that a user can select to focus his search. Technically, direct the search according to a point of view means that we reformulate the user query by integrating there the linguistics markers relating to the chosen point of view, for example that of Causality or that of Quotation. The purpose of this reformulation is in one part, to reduce significantly the noise, and in the other part to target Web pages having rich semantic contents. The realization of the points of view by this reformulation technique implies the use of linguistics markers resulting from the team LaLICC works on the semantic filtering of the texts. Each class of these markers relating to the selected point of view intervenes in the process of user query reformulation through the reformulation technique that we developed; then, in the part of extraction of the paragraphs or textual segments of the document where signs of the chosen point of view are detected, thus to help the user to make a better choice of Web pages among the resulted pages computed by the search engine (AltaVista in our case). The whole of the processes was realized by the construction of the RAP tool written in Java and including a convivial interface, in which, 27 points of view resulting from the various approaches of the sixth principal points of view : Causality, Descriptive Relations, Quotation, Theme/Position, Problem/Solution and Actors
Sellami, Maher. "Smard : un système multibase d'aide à la recherche documentaire." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20151.
Full textZidi, Amir. "Recherche d'information dirigée par les interfaces utilisateur : approche basée sur l'utilisation des ontologies de domaine." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0012/document.
Full textThis thesis study the using of ontologies in information retrieval systemdedicated to a specific domain. For that we propose a two-level approach to deal with i) the query formulation that assists the user in selecting concepts and properties of the used ontology ; ii) the query recommendation that uses the case-based reasoning method, where a new query is considered as a new case. Solving a new case consists of reusing similar cases from the history of the previous similar cases already processed. For the validation of the proposed approaches, a system was developed and a set of computational experimentations was made. Finally, research perspectives conclude that this present report
Merzouki, Mustapha. "Recherche de catalyseurs sélectifs dans l'oxydation ménagée de l'éthane en acide acétique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD457.
Full textXu, Quan. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement de techniques de gestion de fenêtres." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10167/document.
Full textWindow switching is one of the most frequent tasks of any window manager happening several hundred times per day. However this task can become laborious when the number of windows becomes important.This dissertation aims at understanding and developing new switching techniques to help users to improve task switching. In order to understand how users manage their windows, a tool was developed to log user window management activity in mainstream Windows OS. Three techniques: Push-and-Pull Switching, stack scanning and WindowsTagging were designed and developed based on the results of this data.First, Push-and-Pull Switching, a window switching technique using window overlapping to implicitly define groups. Push-and-Pull Switching further allows switching between groups and restacking the focused window to any position to change its group affectation. The empirical evaluations showed that it was 50% faster than other techniques in different scenarios.Second, stack scanning, a window switching technique based on a widget that combines generalized scrolling and crossing to control the stack order of layers of visible windows. The empirical evaluations showed that it was faster than other techniques when the number of windows is high and the visual similarity among windows is important. They also showed that Taskbar was the best choice when the number of windows is small.Finally, to theorize window and group switching, we provided eleven design principles to help designers to design new switching techniques. WindowsTagging was implemented based on these design principles. The empirical evaluations showed that it was faster than Exposé, and participants strongly preferred it
Denjean, Pascale. "Interrogation d'un système vidéotex arborescent : l"indexation des textes." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30235.
Full textVilley-Migraine, Marjolaine. "Multimédia et carto-géographie : Ergonomie des interfaces de navigation hypermédia dans les systèmes documentaires." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020016.
Full textNapoléon, Thibault. "Indexation multi-vues et recherche d'objets 3D." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00576966.
Full textChristmann, Olivier. "Navigation dans de grands ensembles non structurés de documents visuels." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10046/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to propose and to assess a 3D representation of large unstructured collections of images. The purpose is to improve comfort of visual search, to reduce search times and to better support memorization of documents’ locations, compared with standard photo browsers. With a representation as a vertical cylinder, we designed two visualizations: photos are plastered on the inner or the outer side of the cylinder, to implement 2 common interaction metaphors, respectively locomotion and manipulation. 3 experimental studies were performed, with the same methodology: subjects performed 2 common types of visual search tasks. The first study is exploratory, the second one compares both 3D views in-depth and the last one compares 3D views with a standard 2D view. In this study, an eye-tracker helps us to understand relations between geometrical features and visual exploration strategies. 3D views are preferred by a majority of participants. Preferences are not influenced by performances; static visual features were mainly used to justified preferences. Visual exploration strategies are mainly influenced by the common dynamic visual feature (i.e., horizontal scrolling), which is an advantage for the inner view. At last, 3D views ensure a better comfort of visual search, with a better gaze guidance (especially the inner view) and by minimizing uncoordinated saccades which were observed in the 2D view
Zemirli, Wahiba Nesrine. "Modèle d'accès personnalisé à l'information basé sur les Diagrammes d'Influence intégrant un profil utilisateur évolutif." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30234.
Full textThe goal of personalization in information retrieval is to tailor the search engine results to the specific goals, preferences and general interests of the users. This thesis presents a novel IR model able to integrate the user in the process of information access. Our contribution is particularly based on the belief that personalized retrieval is a decision making problem. For this reason, we propose to apply influence diagrams which are an extension of Bayesian networks to such problems, in order to solve the hard problem of user based relevance estimation. The basic underlying idea is to substitute the traditional relevance function which measures the degree of matching document-query, a function indexed by the user. In our approach, the user is profiled using his long-term interests. More precisely the user profiling is performed by managing the user search history using statistical based operators in order to highlight the user short-term interests seen as surrogates for building the long-term ones. The method focuses on the use of both user relevance point of view on familiar words in order to infer and express his interests and the use of a correlation metric measure in order to update them. In order to validate our model, we propose furthermore a novel evaluation protocol suitable for the personalized retrieval task. The test collection is an expansion of the standard TREC test data with user's profiles, obtained using a learning scenario of the user's interests. The experimental results show that our personalized retrieval model is effective
Limare, Nicolas. "Reproducible research, software quality, online interfaces and publishing for image processing." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752569.
Full textBen, Romdhane Mohamed. "Navigation dans l'espace textuel : accès à l'information scientifique." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31008.
Full textChauvin, Sophie. "Visualisations heuristiques pour la recherche et l'exploration de données dynamiques : l'art informationnel en tant que révélateur de sens." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083708.
Full textIn spite of the information retrieval systems performance, the electronic document production generate cognitive and information overload and disorientation. The heuristic potential of visualization gives encouraging perspectives on ability to synthesize research results, to reveal global relevance and to highlight disciplinary perception. However, precepts of visual communication and information design come up against the specific problematic of end-users perception and their multiple profiles in information use. This thesis introduce perspectives of information art as part of an instrumentalized social mediation process to improve textual retrieval system. An experiment developed within Paris 8 University library on bibliographical datas provided this research problematic
Delsart, Fabrice. "Diagnostic collectif dans la conduite de processus industriel : coopération et ergonomie des systèmes homme-homme et homme-machine." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081062.
Full textWith an ergonomic objective, particularly in order to design a computerised diagnosis aid, we describe the cooperation of operators in charge of driving an industrial process (blast furnace). Three components of cooperation are important, they are the distribution activity, adjustment of representations, and using representations of the partner. They improve the performance and efficiency of diagnosis reached by pairs of operators in comparison with the results obtained by single operators. On this basis recommendations are proposed to integrate man-machine cooperation in designing computerised aide
Laitano, María Inés. "Le modèle trifocal : une approche communicationnelle des interfaces numériques : Contributions à la conception d'interfaces accessibles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080025.
Full textObject of study for several disciplines, digital interfaces appear as a heterogeneous object: a human-computer dialogue, a reflection of a mental model, an instrument, a set of semiotic signs ... All these dimensions, addressed individually by disciplinary approaches, have never been gathered in a common paradigmatic framework. This thesis argues that interfaces, as a complex object of study, must be addressed in a framework capable of dealing with this complexity. It proposes to do so by the Systemic Communication Theory and to think about not in terms of interface quality attributes (usability, communicability, conviviality...) but in terms of meanings. This implies a human-centered model and provides an integrated point of view enabling the design of new interfaces as well as their implementation in numerous contexts and sensory modalities.The trifocal model is thus a systemic approach to communication via the interface. It studies the relationships between user and machine, between user and object of his activity and between user and designer, as well as emergent properties of the system. The trifocal model provides an interface description transposable from one modality to another. It allows, on one hand, to study the meaning of non-visual interfaces and, on the other, to translate interfaces from one modality to another. The trifocal model takes a fresh look on designing accessible interfaces since it complements existing methods with new analytical dimensions
Rabaud, Suzanne. "Les indicateurs de biodiversité entre connaissances et actions : impasses, détours ou raccourcis pour les stratégies environnementales ?" Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0005.
Full textFor twenty years biodiversity indicators have been elaborated at all scales of public policies. Our thesis proposes a strategic analysis of the design and use of indicators based on four case studies. Our goals are first to understand the strategic role of indicators at the interface between knowledge and action, and second to propose useful insights to researchers and practitioners who design and use biodiversity indicators in the field.The biodiversity indicators that we have studied contribute to at least two types of conservation practitioners’ strategies : strategies of intervention, which main focus is to help some actors to better integrate biodiversity in various collective action systems ; and strategies of positioning, which main objective is to modify power relationships in a way that benefits to those actors. In the current context in which scientific expertise prevails more than militant actions, biodiversity indicators are mostly used in strategies to reinforce a temporary disconnection between knowledge and action and to improve environmental actors positioning. The interest in using indicators lies partly on their ability to simultaneously connect and disconnect knowledge and action depending on the strategic needs of actors. Furthermore, conservation actors are confronted to a double objective : (1) to propose indicators that can be part of the existing action system and (2) that can modify this action system, by bringing new conceptions of biodiversity, new rules, new power relationships, etc. In this perspective, actors try to anticipate future evolutions of the action system. In our work, the mobilization of negotiation studies allows us to clarify actors' perspectives and to better understand how various action systems work. More generally, the strategic analysis of indicators that we developed in this thesis, inspired by management sciences, is complementary to sociology and policy sciences approaches on instruments, and more precisely on indicators. It underlines new aspects of the contribution that indicators can bring to biodiversity conservation
Daoud, Mariam. "Accès personnalisé à l'information : approche basée sur l'utilisation d'un profil utilisateur sémantique dérivé d'une ontologie de domaines à travers l'historique des sessions de recherche." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442931.
Full textMandran, Nadine. "THEDRE : langage et méthode de conduite de la recherche : Traceable Human Experiment Design Research." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM014/document.
Full textMy research focuses on the experimental methodology for research in human centered computer science (RICH). It concerns areas of informatics research that integrate users to build scientific knowledge and supporting tools for this research. As example, we can mention the fields concerned, such as the field of Human Computer Interface (HCI) or the Technology for Enhance Learning (TEL). The objective of this thesis is to propose a method which accompanies researchers in the integration of the methods of data production from the humanities and social sciences. In this research the problem of the traceability of the results and the quality of the data arises. This method provides conceptual and technical tools to ensure the traceability of the research conduct process. It is called THEDRE for "Traceable Human Experiment Design Research". This work of formalizing a process of conducting research has been an opportunity to create a modeling language for conducting research processes. The construction of this language and method relies on experiments carried out since 2008 in the field of RICH
Lamirel, Jean-Charles. "Application d'une approche symbolico-connexionniste pour la conception d'un système documentaire hautement interactif : le prototype NOMAD." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10423.
Full textReyssier-Danzart, Annie. "Serebral, un système expert pour l'aide à l'interrogation d'une base de données." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112284.
Full textFlexible query of data bases has provoked the interest of researchers in artificial intelligence. We have developed a tool called SEREBRAL that makes it possible to query a data base intelligently. This data base contains descriptions of jobs offered by computer science firms. SEREBRAL is made up of three modules: BASEXP, an expert system that allows a user to carry out a search for a job in computer science, an interface with the data base, a relational data base ORACLE (distributed by ORACLE Corporation) in which descriptions of job vacancies are stored. The main concern of the research carried out was the development of an expert system called BASEXP. This system of knowledge representation and knowledge exploitation uses schemes and rules in association with credibility factors. It can be used in various fields like that which was examined in this study. Ln order to query the data base, we developed an interface that generates the SQL queries, These queries adapt themselves to the constraints generated by BASEXP in the field of computing jobs. The interface then transmits these queries to the DBMS. Finally, it communicates the responses of the base to the user. SEREBRAL is now operational and can dialogue with the job seeker, for whom a job profile can be drawn up so that he can receive those job offers stored in the base that correspond to his profile
Essayeh, Aroua. "Une approche de personnalisation de la recherche d'information basée sur le Web sémantique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0003.
Full textThis PhD thesis reports on a recent study in the field of information retrieval (IR), more specifically personalized IR. Traditional IR uses various methods and approaches. However, given the proliferation of data from different sources, traditional IR is no longer considered to be an effective means of meeting users’ requirements. (‘Users’ here refers to the main actor in an IR system.) In this thesis, we address two main problems related to personalized IR: (1) the development and implementation of a user model; and (2) the formulation of a search query to improve the results returned to users according to their perceptions and preferences. To achieve these goals, we propose a semantic information search approach, based on the use of semantic information and guided by ontologies. The contribution of our work is threefold. First, it models and constructs user profiles following a modular ontological approach; this model allows the capture of information related to the user, and models the data according to the semantic approach so that the data can be re-used for reasoning and inference tasks. Second, it provides evidence for reformulating a query by exploiting concepts, hierarchical and non-hierarchical relationships between concepts and properties. Third, based on our findings, we recommend search results that are informed by the user’s communities, built by the improved unsupervised classification approach called the ‘Fuzzy K-mode’. These communities are also semantically modeled with modular profile ontology. To validate our proposed approach, we implemented a system for searching the itineraries for public transport. Finally, this thesis proposes research perspectives based on the limitations we encountered
Kostadinov, Dimitre Davidov. "Personnalisation de l'information : une approche de gestion de profils et de reformulation de requêtes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0027.
Full textThis thesis contains two parts. The first one is a study of the state of the art on data personalization and a proposition of a user profile model. The second one is a focus on a specific problem which is the query reformulation using profile knowledge. The relevance of the information is defined by a set of criteria and preferences describing the user. The data describing the users is often gathered in the form of profiles. In this thesis we propose a generic and extensible model of profile, which enables the classification of the profile's contents. Personalization may occur in each step of the query life cycle. The second contribution of this thesis is the study of two query reformulation approaches based on algorithms of query enrichment and query rewriting and the proposition of an advanced query reformulation approach
Porhel, Sabine. "Extraction liquide-liquide sur matériaux poreux. Mise en oeuvre et recherche de paramètres influents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4709.
Full textThis study is falls within the framework of uranium mining. The step more specifically aimed is the solvent extraction during which the uranium is transferred from a lixiviation aqueous solution to an organic phase by a complexation with a tertiary amine (Alamine 336®). The study focuses on this step of separation using a liquid-liquid contact without dispersal guaranteed by an organic macroporous membrane (pertraction). This technology allows the use of phases with close densities. So, uranium and molybdenum extraction, co-extracted industrially by Alamine 336, were studied for various high extractantes molecules concentrations. For that purpose, all the influential physical chemical parameters of the chemical system (distribution curve, viscosity, density, surface tension, infinite diffusion coefficient, etc.) and of the membrane (porosity, size, tortuosity, etc.) are characterized. Pertraction essays on a single hollow fibre, developed within the framework of this study, are performed and the results are modelized by an approach of mass transfer resistances in series. A single adjustable parameter is retained: the diffusion coefficient in organic phase. This modelling allows highlighting the limitations of uranium transfer from the aqueous phase towards the organic phase during the extraction process through the membrane function of chemical system, the flows and the membrane
Assaf-Medawar, Eleni. "Les potentialités des interfaces « bâti/non bâti » dans une approche de résilience territoriale et environnementale : recherche appliquée aux Zones d'Activités Economiques de la rive droite du Var (Alpes-Maritimes)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2010.
Full textThe thesis addresses the overarching challenge of enhancing the long-term general resilience of the peri-urban territory located on the right bank of the lower Var Valley (06), spanning from Le Broc to Saint-Laurent-du-Var. This area encompasses diverse functions such as housing, agriculture, industry, and natural spaces, all coexisting without functional interrelation. Economic activity zones play a predominant role in this landscape, with the Carros industrial zone alone hosting 600 companies and providing 10,000 jobs.This territory has been rightly considered for several decades as a strategically important area, as indicated by the Regional Land Use Plan (DTA) of Alpes-Maritimes and the Plaine du Var Urban Development Project (OIN Eco-vallée). In reality, it is subjected to intense, difficult-to-regulate urban pressure, particularly affecting agricultural spaces. Moreover, industrial parks present a paradox as they are both dynamic and aging. However, initiatives undertaken inside the industrial parks, such as the approach to industrial and territorial ecology, are typically conducted independently in each park, with little or no connection to neighboring spaces. Conversely, these industrial areas are aging, facing increasing land scarcity and constraints, and landscape quality is neglected. The dynamics of change are further constrained by strong regulatory pressures related to various risks (flooding, fire, technological).The thesis takes the stance that the organization of built and non-built spaces represents an untapped potential for environmental and territorial resilience. The entire right bank of the Var is structured as a nesting of interfaces at different scales: built/non-built; urban/agricultural; agricultural/urban/natural; urban/natural; and agricultural/natural. These spaces harbor substantial potential, especially considering that local economic players view them merely as opportunities to expand economic activities. Instead, these spaces could be perceived and utilized innovatively to enhance the territory economically, socially, and environmentally by creating "recycled landscapes". Implementing such developments not only contributes to the overall ecological enhancement of the territory but also enhances its socio-economic aspects by improving quality of work life and internal functioning, promoting, for instance, soft mobility
Bonnel, Nicolas. "Génération dynamique de présentations interactives en multimédia 3D, de données, pour les applications en ligne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532641.
Full textLaitano, María Inés. "Le modèle trifocal : une approche communicationnelle des interfaces numériques : Contributions à la conception d'interfaces accessibles." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080025.
Full textObject of study for several disciplines, digital interfaces appear as a heterogeneous object: a human-computer dialogue, a reflection of a mental model, an instrument, a set of semiotic signs ... All these dimensions, addressed individually by disciplinary approaches, have never been gathered in a common paradigmatic framework. This thesis argues that interfaces, as a complex object of study, must be addressed in a framework capable of dealing with this complexity. It proposes to do so by the Systemic Communication Theory and to think about not in terms of interface quality attributes (usability, communicability, conviviality...) but in terms of meanings. This implies a human-centered model and provides an integrated point of view enabling the design of new interfaces as well as their implementation in numerous contexts and sensory modalities.The trifocal model is thus a systemic approach to communication via the interface. It studies the relationships between user and machine, between user and object of his activity and between user and designer, as well as emergent properties of the system. The trifocal model provides an interface description transposable from one modality to another. It allows, on one hand, to study the meaning of non-visual interfaces and, on the other, to translate interfaces from one modality to another. The trifocal model takes a fresh look on designing accessible interfaces since it complements existing methods with new analytical dimensions
Griffon, Nicolas. "Modélisation, création et évaluation de flux de terminologies et de terminologies d'interface : application à la production d'examens complémentaires de biologie et d'imagerie médicale." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES008.
Full textTreguer, Véronique. "Recherche des conditions optimales de mise en contact de particules solides et de gouttelettes dans un réacteur à jets : application au craquage catalytique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_TREGUER_V.pdf.
Full textEl, Guedria Sgaier Zina. "Assistance à la recherche documentaire par une approche adaptative à base d’agents et d’artefacts." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR24/document.
Full textThe development and multiplication of information systems and platforms for information access has been accentuated over the past thirty years. The large volume of information available has raised many scientific challenges in different areas such as information retrieval. To access documents grouped in a digital corpus, one must be able to express his/her information need, often in the form of a query, to associate the relevant documents and present them in the best possible way to users. Document research in a thematic digital corpus presenting a high level of technicality in the concerned discipline can be considered as a browsing process driven by some information needs. Such browses requires the use of traditional information retrieval tools to select relevant documents based on a query But they can be improved by the use of customization and adaptation mechanisms in order to refine the representation of information needs according to the specificities of a user, his current browsing or the corpus considered. Indeed, access to digital documents raises problems related to the search for information, the visualization of the results of a query and the browsing between the documents. The process of information retrieval requires to be improved and especially by the integration of the user as a main factor to take into account in the search for satisfaction of his/her information needs. We consider several approaches to help users in their search for documents. A first assistance concerns the reformulation of queries by targeting an audience of users unfamiliar with the technical terms of the field and struggling to express in the form of a query their need. The second approach that we propose is not to consider the user in isolation but to bring it closer to those who have expressed similar research to find the documents they considered relevant. Finally, we include works from the field of the recommendation to better understand the informational needs of the user and help them find what they are looking for by recommending documentary resources. In this thesis, we propose to treat this diversity of influence by a multi-agent system interacting with a shared environment representing the users browsing so that the system may be adapted to use either assistance facilities according to the user's expertise. We applied our work for document research in a digital corpus of legal documents
Le, Crosnier Hervé. "Systèmes d'accès à des ressources documentaires : vers des anté-serveurs intelligents." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004654.
Full textVion, Julien. "Contributions à la résolution générique des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262080.
Full textPar ailleurs, nous avons également cherché à améliorer MGAC, tout d'abord en équipant celui-ci d'heuristiques de choix de valeurs. Nous nous sommes pour cela basés sur l'heuristique de Jeroslow-Wang, issue du problème SAT. En utilisant deux techniques de conversion de CSP vers SAT, nous montrons comment cette heuristique se comporterait sur un CSP. Enfin, nous avons cherché à utiliser une hybridation entre un algorithme de recherche locale basé sur la pondération des contraintes et un algorithme MGAC équipé de l'heuristique dom/wdeg, en exploitant les possibilités d'apprentissage de l'un et l'autre algorithmes.
De manière transversale, l'ensemble des techniques développées dans le cadre de cette thèse a amené à la réalisation d'une API pour le langage Java, capable de résoudre un CSP au sein d'une application Java quelconque. Cette API a été développée dans l'optique "boîte noire" : le moins de paramètres et d'expertise possibles sont demandés à l'utilisateur. Un prouveur basé sur CSP4J a concouru lors les compétitions internationales de prouveurs CSP avec des résultats encourageants.
Moulin, Christophe. "Modélisation de documents combinant texte et image : application à la catégorisation et à la recherche d'information multimédia." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630438.
Full textGutehrlé, Nicolas. "Information extraction from unstructured documents for the valorisation of historical periodicals : application to the heritage of the Bourgogne Franche-Comté Region in France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC006.
Full textIn recent years, libraries and archives have undertaken numerous digitisation campaigns to widen public access to their archival collections. However, the challenge of promoting the content of collections and making these resources discoverable remains. Digitisation often produces unstructured content that is difficult to navigate, while interfaces that rely on keyword-based queries to access archival materials can provide users with irrelevant results. In order to exploit the potential of the "Big Data of the Past", notion introduced by Kaplan and di Lenardo in 2017, it is essential to develop methods and frameworks for structuring the textual content of documents, with the aim of improving their exploration and discoverability. In this context, the present Ph.D. thesis addresses the problem of processing digitised historical documents, focusing on the extraction of Named Entities and Relations in order to create interfaces for the efficient exploitation of historical textual data. Firstly, we propose a new method for determining the logical structure of historical newspapers using a rule-based approach. Secondly, we present a method for extracting entities and relations about people and places mentioned in texts. Our approach is called Extensible, Lightweight and Interpretable Joint Extraction of Relations and Entities (ELIJERE). It is based on linguistic resources obtained through distant supervision. Finally, we propose a general framework for studying the expression of spatial information in documents, and another framework for applying TimeLine Summarisation methods to document collections. We show how these methods can be applied to produce semantically rich interfaces, such as timelines and maps, that allow the general public a close and a distant reading of these collections
Chevalier, Max. "INTERFACE ADAPTATIVE POUR L'AIDE A LA RECHERCHE D'INFORMATION SUR LE WEB." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350508.
Full textLe contexte de mes travaux est la recherche d'information textuelle sur le Web et s'inscrit dans le cadre du GDR I3 du CNRS. Ma thèse s'intitule « Interface adaptative pour l'aide à la recherche d'information sur le web ». Elle concerne la conception et la réalisation d'une interface permettant d'aider l'utilisateur dans sa démarche de recherche d'information afin qu'il puisse trouver plus efficacement des documents pertinents. Le caractère « adaptatif » de cette interface réside dans le fait qu'elle s'adapte aux besoins de l'utilisateur en lui proposant une aide personnalisée. Ce point est d'autant plus important que la vulgarisation de la recherche d'information implique la prise en compte de la différence entre les usagers et de leur spécificités. Il s'agit donc d'étudier et de proposer des outils permettant d'aider l'utilisateur dans sa tâche de recherche d'information en caractérisant notamment sa place au sein d'un tel processus. Nos travaux ont permis la conception et l'implantation d'un système nommé Easy-DOR « Easy DOcument Retrieval ». L'aide que nous proposons à l'utilisateur au travers de ce système intervient à tous les niveaux de sa recherche d'information :
- en amont du processus de recherche. Le système aide l'utilisateur à faire évoluer son expertise des domaines relatifs à ses centres d'intérêt afin qu'il puisse effectuer de meilleures recherches ultérieures,
- au cours du processus de recherche. Le système exploite les informations provenant de l'utilisateur pour tenter d'identifier ses besoins et ainsi lui apporter rapidement des documents pertinents. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une interface de visualisation lui permettant de mieux apprécier de façon globale les résultats de recherche d'information provenant d'un outil de recherche intégré,
- en aval du processus de recherche. Le système propose à l'utilisateur une mise à jour ainsi qu'une aide à l'organisation des documents pertinents qu'il souhaite mémoriser au travers de ses signets (ou favoris).
Par ailleurs, l'aide à la recherche d'information sur laquelle repose notre démarche est basée sur un aspect coopératif. Nous privilégions, en effet, le partage des informations pour les diffuser aux utilisateurs possédant les mêmes centres d'intérêt.
Chevalier, Max. "Interface adaptative pour l'aide à la recherche d'information sur le web." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30157.
Full textChanhthaboutdy, Somphout. "Vanité interactive : recherche et expérimentation artistique." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080060/document.
Full textThis work is about sensory interactivity, real-time 3D and visual arts. This artistic and technical study falls within a long-term research, introducing the notion of an enhanced representation of Death, embodied by the Vanitas and exploring new ways of inducing feedback about a work of art.From an artistic point of view, this research analyses the creation process which led us from the enhanced representation of Death on video, to the experience of the Vanitas through a total immersion into virtual pictures. This analysis brings out the motives for the creation and the use of 3D Vanitases in interactive installations. It highlights the issues raised by this innovative process regarding the History of the Vanitas since its outbreak. It goes further, by developing an original approach, to the communication between the audience and the work of art, introducing the use of a sensorial interface as a medium.At the technical level, the study revolves around the use of a Brain Computer Interface (BCI), inducing a new way of discovering and interacting with a work of art, as part of a feedback process. It creates a sense of interactivity, between concentration and meditation. The control of the brainwaves and muscular contractions brings the Body and the Mind together to achieve the mastery of the BCI
Lakehal, Djamel. "Turbulence et écoulements multiphasiques particules, bulles et interfaces = [Turbulence in multifluid flows] : [bubbles, particles and interfaces] : mémoire d'habilitation à diriger les recherches /." Zurich : ETH, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich, 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=habil&nr=20.
Full textAbdelhedi, Hayfa. "La Métamorphose : recherches sur les interfaces entre la création naturelle et la création artistique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010605.
Full textKuramoto, Hélio. "Proposition d'un Systeme de Recherche d'Information Assistee par Ordinateur: avec application a la langue portugaise." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IBICT, 1999. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/343.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-07-16T18:08:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Kuramoto_Annexes1999.pdf: 663725 bytes, checksum: 78993a62f1fac81212a4135937bcc950 (MD5) Kuramoto_phd.pdf: 1068072 bytes, checksum: 5db7ba292c8250e6a7c9b39740be3026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999
Moscosa-Santillan, Mario. "Conception de systèmes de supervision pour le contrôle-commande des procédés : applications d'intérêt pédagogique, industriel et de recherche." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066345.
Full textNassr, Nawel. "Croisement de langues en recherche d'information : traduction et désambigui͏̈sation de requêtes." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30162.
Full textRola, Marie. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de l'entartrage : recherche des conditions d'une germination homogène par ensemencement." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0001.
Full textLisa, Di Jorio. "Recherche de motifs graduels et application aux données médicales." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577212.
Full textLamrous, Sid-Ahmed. "Modélisation et réalisation d'un système prototype interactif de recherche d'information multimédia à forte composante textuelle." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1200.
Full textFrancioso, Pierre-Arnaud. "Détermination de la résistance thermique d'une interface cristal/amorphe à l'aide de la dynamique moléculaire classique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10210/document.
Full textSince the 60s, the history of crystalline silicon cSi and its oxyde (silica, aSiO2) is driven by the emergence of the new transistors. The miniaturization of these technologies, which enabled an increase in computers performances closely related to the Moore law, implies nowadays a nanometric scale comprehension of the physics in these systems. Because of the important costs of nanoscale experiments, numerical simulations and especially molecular dynamics (MD) are often used as a first-choice tool to investigate this kind of problems. In this thesis, we also apply classical MD to the case of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors in order to determine the Kapitza resistance of a cSi-aSiO2 interface, which could be a source of slowdown for the thermal dissipation in ultra thin body and box (UTB²) transistors. We first expose the principle of classical MD (chapter 1) and show some ideas to optimize the neighbour search algorithms (chapter 2). In chapter 3 we explain the steps to form our silicon-silica systems and propose a way to characterize the interface. Finally, in chapter 4 we develop a method – called approach-to-equilibrium molecular dynamics (AEMD) – which allows us to estimate the value of the interfacial resistance interface to be 3.6*10-10 m2.K.W-1
Phun, Xuan Lan. "Intermittent transport processes on surfaces." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2034/document.
Full textHow do proteins find their way towards the rare places on DNA molecules where they need to go in order to perpetuate the life process ? Many recent works tend to show that only an intermittent dynamics, that is a dynamics with two or more regimes, allows this process. The main goal of this PhD is a rigorous study of a simplified model of intermittent dynamics. In this model the molecule alternates diffusion in the bulk with a different kind of diffusion on the surface until it reaches its target consisting in a small window on the surface. The time spent by the molecule on the surface is naturally modeled as following an exponential law with parameter λ. The main result of this thesis is to show that, whatever the parameters are, a pure bulk strategy is never optimal, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of intermittent dynamics. One also characterizes the case where the optimal timed is attained for λ > 0. The new mathematical tool is the introduction of a self-adjoint operator and the use of its orthonormal basis of eigenvectors. This tool allows to obtain a precise asymptotic behavior of the mean exit time for λ large. Besides that a new geometrical model is developed, called the torus model. This new model carries a new parameter, namely its modulus. It is shown in this thesis that for some values of the modulus the optimized exit time is significantly (allowing experimental checking for instance) shorter than the pure bulk search