Journal articles on the topic 'Interface'
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Narus, S. P., S. M. Huff, T. A. Pryor, P. J. Haug, T. Larkin, S. Matney, R. S. Evans, et al. "Building a Comprehensive Clinical Information System from Components." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 01 (2003): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634203.
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Summary Objectives: To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of an interfaced approach to clinical information systems architecture. Methods: After many years of internally building almost all components of a hospital clinical information system (HELP) at Intermountain Health Care, we changed our architectural approach as we chose to encompass ambulatory as well as acute care. We now seek to interface applications from a variety of sources (including some that we build ourselves) to a clinical data repository that contains a longitudinal electronic patient record. Results: We have a total of 820 instances of interfaces to 51 different applications. We process nearly 2 million transactions per day via our interface engine and feel that the reliability of the approach is acceptable. Interface costs constitute about four percent of our total information systems budget. The clinical database currently contains records for 1.45 m patients and the response time for a query is 0.19sec. Discussion: Based upon our experience with both integrated (monolithic) and interfaced approaches, we conclude that for those with the expertise and resources to do so, the interfaced approach offers an attractive alternative to systems provided by a single vendor. We expect the advantages of this approach to increase as the costs of interfaces are reduced in the future as standards for vocabulary and messaging become increasingly mature and functional.
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Feng, Xiufang, and Zhilin Li. "Simplified immersed interface methods for elliptic interface problems with straight interfaces." Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 28, no. 1 (August 4, 2010): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.20614.
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Williams, Evelyn, and Evelyn Hewlett-Packard. "Panel on Visual Interface Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 5 (October 1989): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300519.
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User interface design has many components. Usable computer interfaces should be easy to learn, result in high user productivity and high user satisfaction. There are a number of components in user interface design that affect the usability of the interface. Within the human factors community we tend to emphasize the ergonomic and cognitive components of the computer interface. There is another component that is frequently ignored, the visual interface design. This panel will present information on the visual component in various user-computer interfaces and will discuss the contributions of the visual designer to the interfaces and usability.
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Ishida, Yoichi. "Interface structure and its properties. Fundamentals of interface structure. 2. Hetero-interfaces." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 59, no. 6 (1990): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.59.398.
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Lee, C. S., J. X. Tang, Y. C. Zhou, and S. T. Lee. "Interface dipole at metal-organic interfaces: Contribution of metal induced interface states." Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 11 (March 16, 2009): 113304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3099836.
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Lee, Matias, and Pedro R. D'Argenio. "Describing Secure Interfaces with Interface Automata." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 264, no. 1 (August 2010): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2010.07.008.
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Hattori, K., and Y. Torii. "Interface States in SiInxPyOz–InSb Interfaces." Physica Status Solidi (a) 125, no. 1 (May 16, 1991): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211250120.
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Bai, Xiaoyan, Tianqi Cao, Tianyu Xia, Chenxiao Wu, Menglin Feng, Xinru Li, Ziqing Mei, et al. "MoS2/NiSe2/rGO Multiple-Interfaced Sandwich-like Nanostructures as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting." Nanomaterials 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13040752.
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Constructing a heterogeneous interface using different components is one of the effective measures to achieve the bifunctionality of nanocatalysts, while synergistic interactions between multiple interfaces can further optimize the performance of single-interface nanocatalysts. The non-precious metal nanocatalysts MoS2/NiSe2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) bilayer sandwich-like nanostructure with multiple well-defined interfaces is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. MoS2 and rGO are layered nanostructures with clear boundaries, and the NiSe2 nanoparticles with uniform size are sandwiched between both layered nanostructures. This multiple-interfaced sandwich-like nanostructure is prominent in catalytic water splitting with low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and almost no degradation in performance after a 20 h long-term reaction. In order to simulate the actual overall water splitting process, the prepared nanostructures are assembled into MoS2/NiSe2/rGO||MoS2/NiSe2/rGO modified two-electrode system, whose overpotential is only 1.52 mV, even exceeded that of noble metal nanocatalyst (Pt/C||RuO2~1.63 mV). This work provides a feasible idea for constructing multi-interface bifunctional electrocatalysts using nanoparticle-doped bilayer-like nanostructures.
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Fang, Zhaoxiao, Weijiang Wang, and Zhaoli Fang. "Experimental study on mechanical properties of steel - sand interface." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301030.
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The interface between steel and sand can be regard as a steel-sand system, and its mechanical properties have an important role in many geotechnical applications. The mechanical properties of various steel-sand interfaces classified by sand mean particle size D50 were investigated through interface shear tests. The results show that for a given steel-sand interface, the peak strength of the interface increase with increasing axial pressure. As the D50 value increases, the cohesions for steel-sand interfaces decrease, while the friction angles of the interfaces first increase and then decrease. In the process of shearing, the shrinkage of steel-sand interface occurs, mainly due to the broken of sand particles. The decrease in interface friction coefficients due to an increase in axial pressure was observed. Particle size distribution has a significant effect on the interface friction coefficient of steel-sand interface. When the average particle size D50 changes from 0.1 mm to 0.47 mm, the friction coefficient of steel-sand interface increases by 134%-161%.
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Ribeiro, Micaela, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and Alexandre Ferreira da Silva. "Interface geometries in 3D multi-material prints by fused filament fabrication." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0107.
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Purpose An issue when printing multi-material objects is understanding how different materials will perform together, especially because interfaces between them are always created. This paper aims to address this interface from a mechanical perspective and evaluates how it should be designed for a better mechanical performance. Design/methodology/approach Different interface mechanisms were considered, namely, microscopic interfaces that are based on chemical bonding and were represented with a U-shape interface; a macroscopic interface characterized by a mechanical interlocking mechanism, represented by a T-shape interface; and a mesoscopic interface that sits between other interface systems and that was represented by a dovetail shape geometry. All these different interfaces were tested in two different material sets, namely, poly (lactic acid)–poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactic acid)–thermoplastic polyurethane material pairs. These two sets represent high- and low-compatibility materials sets, respectively. Findings The results showed, despite the materials’ compatibility level, multi-material objects will have a better mechanical performance through a macroscopic interface, as it is based on a mechanical interlocking system, of which performance cannot be achieved by a simple face-to-face interface even when considering the same material. Originality/value The paper investigates the importance of interface design in multi-material 3D prints by fused filament fabrication. Especially, for parts intended to be subjected to mechanical efforts, simple face-to-face interfaces are not sufficient and more robust and macroscopic-based interface geometries (based on mechanical interlocking systems) are advised. Moreover, such interfaces do not raise esthetic problems because of their working principle; the 3D printing technology can hide the interface geometries, if required.
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Wang, Xiaoli, Guang Cheng, Yang Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Wenjun Liao, and T. A. Venkatesh. "On the Evolution of Nano-Structures at the Al–Cu Interface and the Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Interfacial Strength." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 3658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203658.
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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are invoked to simulate the diffusion process and microstructural evolution at the solid–liquid, cast-rolled Al–Cu interfaces. K-Means clustering algorithm is used to identify the formation and composition of two types of nanostructural features in the Al-rich and Cu-rich regions of the interface (i.e., the intermetallic Al2Cu near the Al-rich interface and the intermetallic Al4Cu9 near the Cu-rich interface). MD simulations are also used to assess the effects of annealing temperature on the evolution of the compositionally graded microstructural features at the Al–Cu interfaces and to characterize the mechanical strength of the Al–Cu interfaces. It is found that the failure of the Al–Cu interface takes place at the Al-rich side of the interface (Al2Cu–Al) which is mechanically weaker than the Cu-rich side of the interface (Cu–Al4Cu9), which is also verified by the nanoindentation studies of the interfaces. Centrosymmetry parameter analyses and dislocation analyses are used to understand the microstructural features that influence deformation behavior leading to the failure of the Al–Cu interfaces. Increasing the annealing temperature reduces the stacking fault density at the Al–Cu interface, suppresses the generation of nanovoids which are precursors for the initiation of fracture at the Al-rich interface, and increases the strength of the interface.
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Shea, Kaela, Olivier St-Cyr, and Tom Chau. "Evaluation of an Ecological Interface Design–Driven Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interface." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 16, no. 1 (March 2022): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15553434221078215.
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This study evaluated the change in usability, mental workload and information transfer rate associated with an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interface designed through ecological interface design (EID). The design and development process is detailed in Shea et al. (2021) . Digital AAC interfaces are considered high-tech interventions for individuals who experience complex communication needs (e.g., from etiologies such as cerebral palsy) and enable users to select language options from a visual display. Interface usability, mental workload and information transfer rate collectively influence users’ communication. Ten AAC-naïve participants engaged in three semi–scripted conversations (verbal, AAC-mediated commercial interface, and EID interfaces) with an actor. Augmentative and alternative communication interfaces were accessed through a single switch pathway. Information transfer rate, error rate, heart rate variability and subjective workload performance measures were recorded for every trial. During AAC-mediated trials, interface interactions were also documented. The EID AAC interface presented improved communication in 5 out of 7 performance measures ( p < .05). The EID AAC interface was associated with a significantly higher information transfer rate, lower error rate, less time elapsed between switch activations, less switch activation per word communicated and lower subjective workload. The application of EID to an AAC interface can lead to a significantly improved communication experience.
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Oliveira, Felipe Francisco Ramos de, Marlon Marques Ferreira, and Alexandre Furst. "ESTUDO DA USABILIDADE NAS INTERFACES HOMEM-MÁQUINA." e-xacta 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18674/exacta.v6i2.1079.
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<p align="justify">Este artigo documenta e analisa o processo de evolução das principais interfaces homem-máquina, com enfoque na usabilidade, e as diferenças tecnológicas entre elas. A pesquisa desempenhada para elaboração deste documento procura, também, experimentar o desempenho das interfaces CLI (Command Line Interface), GUI (Graphical User Interface) e NUI (Natural User Interface) por meio de um experimento de usabilidade que aborde as três interfaces em um único objetivo e permita o recolhimento de dados para avaliação.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">This article documents and analyzes the evolution of the main man-machine interfaces, with a focus on usability and technological differences between them. The research carried out for the preparation of this document also seeks to experience the performance of interfaces CLI (Command Line Interface) GUI (Graphical User Interface) and NUI (Natural User Interface) through an experiment that addresses the usability of three interfaces on a single goal and allow the collection of data for evaluation.</p>
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Christina Nilofer and Arumugam Mohanapriya. "Insights from the interfaces of HIV-1 envelope (ENV) trimer viral protein GP160 (GP120-GP41)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4111.
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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) type 1 viral protein is a life threatening virus causing HIV/AIDS in infected humans. The HIV-1 envelope (ENV) trimer glycoprotein GP160 (GP120-GP41) is gaining attention in recent years as a potential vaccine candidate for HIV-1/AIDS. However, the sequence variation and charge polarity at the interacting sites across clades is a shortcoming faced in the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. We analyzed the interfaces in terms of its interface area, interface size, and interface energies (van der Waals, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatics). The interfaces were divided as dominant (≥60%) and subdominant (<60%) based on van der Waals contribution to total energies. 88% of GP120 and 74% of GP41 interfaces are highly pronounced with van der Waals energy having large interfaces with interface size (98±65 (GP120) and 73±65 (GP41)) and interface area (882±1166Å2 (GP120) and 921±1288Å2 (GP41)). Nevertheless, 12% of GP120 and 26% of GP41 interfaces have subdominant van der Waals energies having small interfaces with interface size (58±20 (GP120) and 27±9 (GP41)) and interface area (581±1605Å2 (GP120) and 483±896Å2 (GP41)). It was interesting to observe GP41 small interfaces with subdominant van der Waals are stabilized by electrostatics (r2=0.63) without hydrogen bonds (r2=0). However, GP120 small interfaces were found to have two fold more hydrogen bonds (r2=0.59) than electrostatics (r2=0.20). Therefore, our previous finding stating that small protein-protein interfaces rich in electrostatics holds true in case of GP41 whereas not with GP120 protein interfaces.
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Javili, Ali, Niels Saabye Ottosen, Matti Ristinmaa, and Jörn Mosler. "Aspects of interface elasticity theory." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 23, no. 7 (April 10, 2017): 1004–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517699041.
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Interfaces significantly influence the overall material response especially when the area-to-volume ratio is large, for instance in nanocrystalline solids. A well-established and frequently applied framework suitable for modeling interfaces dates back to the pioneering work by Gurtin and Murdoch on surface elasticity theory and its generalization to interface elasticity theory. In this contribution, interface elasticity theory is revisited and different aspects of this theory are carefully examined. Two alternative formulations based on stress vectors and stress tensors are given to unify various existing approaches in this context. Focus is on the hyper-elastic mechanical behavior of such interfaces. Interface elasticity theory at finite deformation is critically reanalyzed and several subtle conclusions are highlighted. Finally, a consistent linearized interface elasticity theory is established. We propose an energetically consistent interface linear elasticity theory together with its appropriate stress measures.
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Nilofer, Christina, and Arumugam Mohanapriya. "Insights from the Interfaces of Corona Viral Proteins: Homomers Versus Heteromers." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2263.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 and its mutant variants has become a life-threatening and fatal viral disease to mankind. Several studies have been carried out to identify an effective receptor against coronavirus using clinically driven samples distinguished as hematological, immunological and biochemical biomarkers. Simultaneously, protein interfaces are being researched to understand the structural and functional mechanism of action. Therefore, we characterized and examined the interfaces of corona viral proteins using a dataset consisting of 366 homomeric and 199 heteromeric protein interfaces. The interfaces were analyzed using six parameters including interface area, interface size, van der Waal, hydrogen bond, electrostatic and total stabilizing energies. We observed the interfaces of corona viral proteins (homomer and heteromer) to be alike. Therefore, we clustered the interfaces based on the percent contribution of vdW towards total stabilizing energy as vdW energy dominant (≥60%) and vdW energy subdominant (<60%). We found 91% of interfaces to have vdW energy in dominance with large interface size [146±29 (homomer) and 122±29 (heteromer)] and interface area [1690±683 (homomer) and 1306±355 (heteromer)]. However, we also observed 9% of interfaces to have vdW energy in sub-dominance with small interface size [60±12 (homomer) and 41±20 (heteromer)] and interface area [472±174 (homomer) and 310±199 (heteromer)]. We noticed the interface area of large interfaces to be four-fold more when compared to small interfaces in homomer and heteromer. It was interesting to observe that the small interfaces of homomers to be rich in electrostatics (r2=0.50) destitute of hydrogen bond energy (r2=0.04). However, the heteromeric interfaces were equally pronounced with hydrogen bond (r2=0.70) and electrostatic (r2=0.61) energies. Hence, our earlier findings stating that the small protein interfaces are rich in electrostatic energy remaintrue with the homomeric interfaces of corona viral proteins whereas not in heteromeric interfaces.
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Adeleke, Daniel, Denis Kalumba, and Johnny Oriokot. "Asperities effect on polypropylene & polyester geotextile-geomembrane interface shear behaviour." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213017.
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The summary of this paper is focused on the result of a study that used quantitative measures of surface texture as the basis for examining the effects of asperities on the shear characteristics of geotextile-geomembrane interfaces. About 30 large direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the geotextile-geomembrane interface shear strength properties. The results indicated a non-linear failure envelopes and strain softening behaviour at a normal stress range of 50 – 400 kPa. For most interface tested, the polyester-geotextiles resulted in higher shear strength as compared with polypropylene-geotextiles. Also, the polyester and polypropylene geotextile interface with the high asperity geomembrane produces a similar percentage increase in friction angle at the residual state. For textured geomembranes interfaced with both geotextile, polyester geotextile exhibited relatively less time before failure. Also, asperity height has a more pronounced effect than asperity density on the residual interface shear strength. The outcome of this study would provide a recommendation and guide that can lead to an improved basis for geosynthetics selection in various engineering application.
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Liu, Peng, Jian Ping Jiang, Hong Gui Guo, and Bai Lian Sun. "Three Wave Interfaces of Titanium/Steel Laminates Manufactured by Explosive Welding." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 570–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.570.
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Optical metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry was operated to the interfaces of titanium/steel laminates manufactured by explosive welding. According to the variation of the thickness of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compound at the interfaces, typical wave interfaces of titanium-steel laminates are classified as over melted wave interface, tinyly melted wave interface and optimum wave interface. Furthermore, the features of three wave interfaces are brought forward.
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Josell, D., J. E. Bonevich, I. Shao, and R. C. Cammarata. "Measuring the interface stress: Silver/nickel interfaces." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 11 (November 1999): 4358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0590.
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Interface stress is a surface thermodynamics quantity associated with the reversible work of elastically straining an internal solid interface. In a multilayered thin film, the combined effect of the interface stress of each interface results in an in-plane biaxial volume stress acting within the layers of the film that is inversely proportional to the bilayer thickness. We calculated the interface stress of an interface between {111} textured Ag and Ni on the basis of direct measurements of the dependence of the in-plane elastic strains on the bilayer thickness. The strains were obtained using transmission x-ray diffraction. Unlike previous studies of this type, we used freestanding films so that there was no need to correct for intrinsic stresses resulting from forces applied by the substrate that can lead to large uncertainties of the calculated interface stress value. Based on the lattice parameters of the bulk, pure elements, an interface stress of −2.02 ± 0.26 N/m was calculated using the x-ray diffraction results from films with bilayer thicknesses greater than 5 nm. This value is somewhat smaller than previous measurements obtained from as-deposited films supported by substrates. For smaller bilayer thicknesses the apparent interface stress becomes smaller in magnitude, possibly due to a loss of layering in the specimens.
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Du, Wanyi, Yuanyuan Huang, Yixuan Zhou, and Xinlong Xu. "Terahertz interface physics: from terahertz wave propagation to terahertz wave generation." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 22 (February 4, 2022): 223002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3f58.
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Abstract Terahertz (THz) interface physics as a new interdiscipline between the THz technique and condensed matter physics has undergone rapid development in recent years. In particular, the development of advanced materials, such as graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators, ferromagnetic metals, and metamaterials, has revolutionized the interface field and further promoted the development of THz functional devices based on interface physics. Moreover, playing at the interface of these advanced materials could unveil a wealth of fascinating physical effects such as charge transfer, proximity effect, inverse spin-Hall effect, and Rashba effect with THz technology by engineering the charge, spin, orbit, valley, and lattice degrees of freedom. In this review, we start with a discussion of the basic theory of THz interface physics, including interface formation with advanced materials, THz wave reflection and transmission at the interface, and band alignment and charge dynamics at the interface. Then we move to recent progress in advanced materials from THz wave propagation to THz wave generation at the interface. In THz wave propagation, we focus on THz wave impedance-matching, Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov shifts in THz region, interfacial modulation and interfacial sensing based on THz waves. In THz wave generation, we summarize ongoing coherent THz wave generation from van der Waals interfaces, multiferroic interfaces, and magnetic interfaces. The fascinating THz interface physics of advanced materials is promising and promotes novel THz functional devices for manipulating propagation and generation of THz waves at interfaces.
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Jagtap, Vinayak, Shlok Agarwal, Ameya Wagh, and Michael Gennert. "Transportable open-source application program interface and user interface for generic humanoids: TOUGH." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 172988142092160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420921607.
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Humanoid robotics is a complex and highly diverse field. Humanoid robots may have dozens of sensors and actuators that together realize complicated behaviors. Adding to the complexity is that each type of humanoid has unique application program interfaces, thus software written for one humanoid does not easily transport to others. This article introduces the transportable open-source application program interface and user interface for generic humanoids, a set of application program interfaces that simplifies the programming and operation of diverse humanoid robots. These application program interfaces allow for quick implementation of complex tasks and high-level controllers. Transportable open-source application program interface and user interface for generic humanoids has been developed for, and tested on, Boston Dynamics’ Atlas V5 and NASA’s Valkyrie R5 robots. It has proved successful for experiments on both robots in simulation and hardware, demonstrating the seamless integration of manipulation, perception, and task planning. To encourage the rapid adoption of transportable open-source application program interface and user interface for generic humanoids for education and research, the software is available as Docker images, which enable quick setup of multiuser simulation environments.
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Cheon, Seunghee, and Jaehun Lee. "An Enhanced Hybrid-Level Interface-Reduction Method Combined with an Interface Discrimination Algorithm." Mathematics 11, no. 23 (December 4, 2023): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11234867.
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This study proposes an interface localizing scheme to enhance the performance of the previous hybrid-level interface-reduction method. The conventional component mode synthesis (CMS) only focuses on interior reduction, while the interface is fully retained for convenient synthesis. Thus, various interface-reduction methods have been suggested to obtain a satisfactory size for the reduced systems. Although previous hybrid-level interface-reduction approaches have addressed major issues associated with conventional interface-reduction methods—in terms of accuracy and efficiency through considering partial substructure synthesis—this method can be applied to limited modeling conditions where interfaces and substructures are independently defined. To overcome this limitation, an interface localizing algorithm is developed to ensure an enhanced performance in the conventional hybrid-level interface-reduction method. The interfaces are discriminated through considering the Boolean operation of substructures, and the interface reduction basis is computed at the localized interface level, which is constructed by a partially coupled system. As a result, a large amount of computational resources are saved, achieving the possibility of efficient design modifications at the semi-substructural level.
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Lovgren, John E. "Are we Boxing Ourselves in with the UIMS Box?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 1 (September 1987): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100104.
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A User Interface Management System generally separates the design space for the interface and the application. This separation may have been useful as a means for improving our understanding of interfaces, but does it really support the design of good application interfaces and more importantly good application interface styles?
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Muhammad Waseem Iqbal. "Usability Enhancement of SMS Interface for Illiterate Users." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2021.0503215.
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This article analyzes several User Interface (UI) designs and puts forward some more general design principles for interfaces designed for low-literate users. The results of this study highlight the importance of text-free interfaces compared to text-based interfaces for the illiterate and low-literate population. The study developed a Short Message Service (SMS) interface consisting of many design elements, including graphical icons, voice, and text reduction. The participants were more satisfied with the designed SMS interface as compared to the traditional text-based interface of SMS. We believe that if the user interface is appropriately designed, users will not need formal literacy, computer skills, or any external help to operate the application. It has been shown that an interface with minimal or no text but one or more graphics, audio, and digital components is helpful for users with low literacy rates.
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Sun, Qiang, Yan-Nan Chen, and Yu-Zhen Liu. "The Effects of External Interfaces on Hydrophobic Interactions I: Smooth Surface." Molecules 29, no. 13 (July 1, 2024): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133128.
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External interfaces, such as the air–water and solid–liquid interfaces, are ubiquitous in nature. Hydrophobic interactions are considered the fundamental driving force in many physical and chemical processes occurring in aqueous solutions. It is important to understand the effects of external interfaces on hydrophobic interactions. According to the structural studies on liquid water and the air–water interface, the external interface primarily affects the structure of the topmost water layer (interfacial water). Therefore, an external interface may affect hydrophobic interactions. The effects of interfaces on hydrophobicity are related not only to surface molecular polarity but also to the geometric characteristics of the external interface, such as shape and surface roughness. This study is devoted to understanding the effects of a smooth interface on hydrophobicity. Due to hydrophobic interactions, the solutes tend to accumulate at external interfaces to maximize the hydrogen bonding of water. Additionally, these can be demonstrated by the calculated potential mean forces (PMFs) using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.
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Yang, Junru, Yanping Yue, Yan Wang, and Yuekan Zhang. "Interface Bonding Properties of CrAlSiN-Coated Cemented Carbides Doped with CeO2 and Y2O3 Rare Earth Oxides." Molecules 28, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083584.
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This study performed first-principle-based calculations of the interface adhesion work in interface models of three terminal systems: CrAlSiNSi/WC-Co, CrAlSiNN/WC-Co, and CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co. The results proved that the CrAlSiNSi/WC-Co and CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co interface models had the highest and lowest interface adhesion work values (4.312 and 2.536 J·m−2), respectively. Thus, the latter model had the weakest interface bonding property. On this basis, rare earth oxides CeO2 and Y2O3 were doped into the Al terminal model (CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co). Then, doping models of CeO2 and Y2O3 doped on the WC/WC, WC/Co, and CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co interfaces were established. The adhesion work value was calculated for the interfaces in each doping model. When CeO2 and Y2O3 were doped in the WC/WC and CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co interfaces, four doping models were constructed, each model contains interfaces withreduced adhesion work values, indicating deteriorated interface bonding properties. When the WC/Co interface was doped with CeO2 and Y2O3, the interface adhesion work values of the two doping models are both increased, and Y2O3 doping improved the bonding properties of the Al terminal model (CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co) more significantly than CeO2 doping. Next, the charge density difference and the average Mulliken bond population were estimated. The WC/WC and CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co interfaces doped with CeO2 or Y2O3, with decreased adhesion work, exhibited low electron cloud superposition and reduced values of charge transfer, average bond population, and interatomic interaction. When the WC/Co interface was doped with CeO2 or Y2O3, superposition of the atomic charge densities of electron clouds was consistently observed at the CrAlSiNAl/WC-Co interface in the CrAlSiNAl/WC/CeO2/Co and CrAlSiNAl/WC/Y2O3/Co models; the atomic interactions were strong, and the interface bonding strength increased. When the WC/Co interface was doped with Y2O3, the superposition of atomic charge densities and the atomic interactions were stronger than for CeO2 doping. In addition, the average Mulliken bond population and the atomic stability were also higher, and the doping effect was better.
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Ren, Shang-Fen, and Jason Stanfield. "Interface Phonon Modes in Strained Semiconductor Superlattices." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 29n31 (December 20, 1998): 3137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298002222.
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Phonon modes in strained ZnTe/CdSe superlattices are studied. The macroscopic interface modes and two different types of microscopic interface modes are identified. Interface phonon modes in (ZnTe)8(CdSe)8 superlattice with interchange of atomic layers across interfaces are calculated and compared with the results of superlattice with ideal interfaces.
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Wan, Li-Kai, Yi-Xuan Xue, Jin-Wu Jiang, and Harold S. Park. "Machine learning accelerated search of the strongest graphene/h-BN interface with designed fracture properties." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 024302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131576.
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Two-dimensional lateral heterostructures exhibit novel electronic and optical properties that are induced by their in-plane interface for which the mechanical properties of the interface are important for the stability of the lateral heterostructure. Therefore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations and developed a convolutional neural network-based machine learning model to study the fracture properties of the interface in a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride lateral heterostructure. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the shape of the interface can cause an 80% difference in the fracture stress and the fracture strain for the interface. By using 11 500 training samples obtained with help of high-cost MD simulation, the machine learning model is able to search out the strongest interfaces with the largest fracture strain and fracture stress in a large sample space with over 150 000 structures. By analyzing the atomic configuration of these strongest interfaces, we disclose two major factors dominating the interface strength, including the interface roughness and the strength of the chemical bond across the interface. We also explore the correlation between the fracture properties and the thermal conductivity for these lateral heterostructures by examining the bond type and the shape of the graphene/hexagonal boron nitride interface. We find that interfaces comprised of stronger bonds and smoother zigzag interfaces can relieve the abrupt change of the acoustic velocity, leading to the enhancement of the interface thermal conductivity. These findings will be valuable for the application of the two-dimensional lateral heterostructure in electronic devices.
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Alsana, Safira, Fitri Trapsilawati, and Titis Wijayanto. "Enabling health application accessibility through interface modalities for elderly." BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202802003.
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Along with the development of technology, the launching of new devices often leaves the usability problems for the elderly behind. It happens not only for devices but also its application, i.e., entertainment applications, health applications, learning applications, etc. Most of the time, the elderly find it hard to use due to its usability problems or unfamiliar feelings. This research focused on empirically investigating a health application interface so that elderly could use it easily without obstacles and help the treatment independently. Three interface modalities were tested, namely, textual, pictorial, and typing interfaces. The result showed that the option-based interfaces (i.e., textual and pictorial) led to shorter performance time than input-based interface (i.e., typing) among the three interfaces. Also, the pictorial interface has the highest SUS score. All respondents chose the pictorial interface as their first choice, enabling health application accessibility through the appropriate interface modality for the elderly.
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Palieraki, Vasiliki, Christos Zeris, and Elizabeth Vintzileou. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Compressive Interface Stress on Interfaces in Reinforced Concrete Elements under Cyclic Action." Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2024): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14114350.
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Reinforced concrete interfaces, either cracks within monolithic elements or joints between concretes cast at different times may become critical under cyclic actions, due to stiffness and interface resistance degradation. Among the numerous parameters affecting the behavior of interfaces, this paper focuses on the effect of externally applied compressive stress. In conjunction with this parameter, the diameter of the reinforcing bars crossing the interface, their embedment length, and the anchorage of the interface reinforcement, by bond or using epoxy resin, are investigated. Roughened concrete interfaces crossed by reinforcing bars were subjected to cyclic shear slips, with or without compressive stress normal to the interface. The presented experimental results prove the beneficial effect of the external compressive stress on the ultimate shear resistance of interfaces, accompanied by the reduction of the effect of small embedment length of the interface reinforcement, due to its reduced contribution: the externally imposed compression leads to smaller crack openings at the interface, in most cases smaller than 0.40 mm, and to reduction of the reinforcement clamping effect. The shear resistance is activated at reduced shear slip values (0.20 mm–0.40 mm compared to 0.20–0.80 mm for interfaces under zero external compression), while the interface resistance degradation is also reduced (e.g., during the second load cycle, to 15% on average, compared to 30% for interfaces under zero external compression). Finally, an equation previously proposed by the authors is applied for the prediction of the shear resistance of interfaces under normal force, leading to satisfying accuracy.
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Li, Yong, Yuanchun Huang, and Xieyi Zhang. "Ab-Initio Studies of the Micromechanics and Interfacial Behavior of Al3Y|fcc-Al." Metals 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101680.
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In this paper, an Ab-initio study was employed to study the properties of interfaces of Al3Y|Al. The interface strength, shear strength, structural stability, electronic density, bonding characteristics, stacking fault energy, and plasticity were all investigated. The interface with the stacking style of ABab or CBAcba has the greatest interface strength. The Al3Y(111)|Al(111) interface has the highest tensile stress of 13.39 GPa for rigid stretching; and 9.39 GPa for relaxation stretching. In the stretching process, the Al3Y(111)|Al(111) interface is prone to break on the Al3Y side. However, the Al3Y(010)|Al(010) and Al3Y(110)|Al(110) interface systems tend to fracture at the interface and Al side, respectively. Moreover, the differential charge density, electron localization function, and partial density of states (PDOS) demonstrate the newly formed chemical bonds at the interface, and the chemical bonds were formed by s-p or s-p-d hybrid orbitals. According to the Rice ratio and shear stress, these interfaces were found to be plastic and the Al3Y(111)|Al(111) interface has the best plasticity. This is significant because the formed interfaces are all advanced structure materials, which can be potentially used in automobile and aeronautical fields, even in some special industries.
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Yamaji, Tokiya, Hiroyuki Nakamoto, Hideo Ootaka, Ichiro Hirata, and Futoshi Kobayashi. "Rapid Prototyping Human Interfaces Using Stretchable Strain Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9893758.
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In the modern society with a variety of information electronic devices, human interfaces increase their importance in a boundary of a human and a device. In general, the human is required to get used to the device. Even if the device is designed as a universal device or a high-usability device, the device is not suitable for all users. The usability of the device depends on the individual user. Therefore, personalized and customized human interfaces are effective for the user. To create customized interfaces, we propose rapid prototyping human interfaces using stretchable strain sensors. The human interfaces comprise parts formed by a three-dimensional printer and the four strain sensors. The three-dimensional printer easily makes customized human interfaces. The outputs of the interface are calculated based on the sensor’s lengths. Experiments evaluate three human interfaces: a sheet-shaped interface, a sliding lever interface, and a tilting lever interface. We confirm that the three human interfaces obtain input operations with a high accuracy.
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Tan, Zhijun, D. V. Le, K. M. Lim, and B. C. Khoo. "An Immersed Interface Method for the Simulation of Inextensible Interfaces in Viscous Fluids." Communications in Computational Physics 11, no. 3 (March 2012): 925–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.200110.040511a.
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AbstractIn this paper, an immersed interface method is presented to simulate the dynamics of inextensible interfaces in an incompressible flow. The tension is introduced as an augmented variable to satisfy the constraint of interface inextensibility and the resulting augmented system is solved by the GMRES method. In this work, the arclength of the interface is locally and globally conserved as the enclosed region undergoes deformation. The forces at the interface are calculated from the configuration of the interface and the computed augmented variable, and then applied to the fluid through the related jump conditions. The governing equations are discretized on a MAC grid via a second-order finite difference scheme which incorporates jump contributions and solved by the conjugate gradient Uzawa-type method. The proposed method is applied to several examples including the deformation of a liquid capsule with inextensible interfaces in a shear flow. Numerical results reveal that both the area enclosed by interface and arclength of interface are conserved well simultaneously. These provide further evidence on the capability of the present method to simulate incompressible flows involving inextensible interfaces.
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MANARIS, BILL Z. "AN ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES TO INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SYSTEMS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 03, no. 04 (December 1994): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213094000303.
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This paper discusses the development of natural language interfaces to interactive computer systems using the NALIGE user interface management system. The task of engineering such interfaces is reduced to producing a set of well-formed specifications which describe lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the selected application domain. These specifications are converted by NALIGE to an autonomous natural language interface that exhibits the prescribed linguistic and functional behavior. Development of several applications is presented to demonstrate how NALIGE and the associated development methodology may facilitate the design and implementation of practical natural language interfaces. This includes a natural language interface to Unix and its subsequent porting to MS-DOS, VAX/VMS, and VM/CMS; a natural language interface for Internet navigation and resource location; a natural language interface for text pattern matching; a natural language interface for text editing; and a natural language interface for electronic mail management. Additionally, design issues and considerations are identified/addressed, such as reuse and portability, content coupling, morphological processing, scalability, and habitability.
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Xu, S., J. Y. Cheng, N. A. Mara, and I. J. Beyerlein. "Thick interface size effect on dislocation transmission in nanolaminates." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1249, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1249/1/012005.
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Abstract Recent experimental studies have reported that thick interfaces in nanolaminates can lead to greater strengths than conventionally sharp interfaces without sacrificing deformability. Using a multi-phase phase-field dislocation dynamics model, dislocation transmission across a compositionally graded, nanoscale thick interface is investigated. Thicker interfaces over a finite range are found to lead to greater resistance to transmission. The limit interface thickness at which the peak resistance is reached, and the strengthening capacity of the interface are greater when the dislocation is dissociated, as in a face-centered cubic lattice, than when it is compact, as in a body-centered cubic lattice. The composition transitions within the interface are treated with multiple sublayers, and it is found that the interface transmission barrier is as strong as its most resistance composition.
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Wada, Kazumi. "Cathodoluminescence characterization of two-dimensional interface structure of quantum wells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100176903.
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Exotic properties shown by quantum well structures, typical structures of future electron devices, are sensitive to interface roughness. Extensive studies are, thus, focused on characterization of interface structures. Recent improvement in quantum wire fabrication technology demands for characterizing not only perpendicular-interfaces to the growth direction but also parallel-ones (sidewall-interfaces). Such sophistication needs innovation in two-dimensional and nondestructive characterization technology.In device structures, interfaces are generally located deep in bulk. STM which visualize surface atoms can not monitor such interface. It is, thus, difficult to two- dimensionally characterize the interfaces.Interface steps induce well width fluctuation, which modulates optical transition energy between ground subbands in conduction and valence bands. Thus, interface step structures can be characterized by luminescence spectroscopy. Cathodoluminescence basically meets demand for nondestructive characterization of interface structures in two dimensions.
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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Adedamola Omotoso, and Sarhan M. Musa Adebowale E. Shadare. "Power Conversion Interface." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 2701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15710.
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Negussey, D., W. K. D. Wijewickreme, and Y. P. Vaid. "Geomembrane interface friction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-018.
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Interface friction between an HDPE geomembrane and an angular as well as a rounded sand, a gravel, and a geotextile was investigated in a ring shear apparatus. The results indicate development of peak resistance at small strain and constant residual interface friction angles at large strain. The magnitude and difference between peak and residual friction angles increase with angularity. Interface friction angles between a geotextile and geomembrane were very low with no distinction between peak and residual. At composite interfaces, sliding occurred much more readily at a finer grained than a coarsegrained geomembrane interface. Key words: geomembranes, geotextiles, interface friction, granular materials.
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Lyman, C. E., R. Anderson, and T. Malis. "Thin-specimen preparation for heterophase interfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150022.
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Imaging and analysis of heterophase interfaces in cross-sectional view requires demanding thin specimen preparation techniques. The term heterophase refers to the juxtaposition of a heavy and a light element or a metal and an insulator on either side of the interface. No single thinning method can be recommended for all such interfaces in all materials. In fact, the desired information might, of necessity, only be obtained by the use of several methods. This paper provides an overview of three different thinning methods for heterophase interfaces: conventional ion-beam thinning (IBT), tripod polishing (TP), and ultramicrotomy (UM).The ideal thin specimen of a heterophase interface is rarely achieved. Regardless of the final thinning method, the information obtainable often depends on the mechanical alignment of the interface prior to final thinning. Typical alignment parameters are: 1) angle between interface and specimen surface, 2) crystallographic orientation about the normal to the interface, and 3) lateral location of thinned area along interface.
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Velte, C. E. "Face up to the interface (user interfaces)." IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 33, no. 3 (1990): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/47.59085.
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Appolaire, Benoît, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Julien Da Costa Teixeira, Moukrane Dehmas, and Sabine Denis. "Non-coherent interfaces in diffuse interface models." Philosophical Magazine 90, no. 1-4 (January 7, 2010): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786430903334324.
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Landay, J. A., and B. A. Myers. "Sketching interfaces: toward more human interface design." Computer 34, no. 3 (March 2001): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.910894.
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Fan, Feng Ru. "(Invited) novel Charged Interfaces for Catalysis and Energy Conversion." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 34 (August 28, 2023): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341885mtgabs.
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Charged interfaces are ubiquitous in many research fields such as electrochemistry, catalysis, and energy chemistry, and are key places where physical and chemical processes occur. The charged interface structure can also be affected by external fields such as light, electricity, and force, and becomes the key to regulating chemical reactions. It is of great significance for the development of surface and interface science, electrochemistry, catalysis and energy science to deeply understand the physical and chemical reaction process and mechanism of various charged interface systems, and to clarify the interaction between interface structure and reacting species. It is extremely challenging to rationally design, construct, and characterize various novel charged interfaces, and then comprehensively and deeply study their physical and chemical processes and mechanisms. By constructing new charged interface structures such as solid/solid triboelectric interface, micro-droplet charged liquid/gas interface, and metal/two-dimensional material charged interface, we study the reaction process and mechanism of the charged interface and develop new energy conversion pathways. A series of innovative research results: Discovered a new mechanism of triboelectric power generation, expanding the new direction of charged interface structure in energy conversion; established and developed epitaxial growth modes of various interface structures; accurately characterized the electron transport of charged interface structure and surface charge distribution and other physical and chemical properties. We have developed new systems such as solid/dielectric/liquid charged interfaces based on electrodes/dielectric layers/electrolytes and liquid/gas charged interfaces based on microdroplets, and explored new applications in energy conversion and electrocatalysis. Applying a voltage to the electrode/dielectric layer/electrolyte interface can polarize the dielectric layer and adsorb ions in the electrolyte, forming a special "sandwich" electric double layer. Different from the solid/solid charged interface formed by triboelectrification or light excitation, this is a new solid/dielectric/liquid charged interface system based on electrostatic adsorption. Based on this interface system, a new nanoscale power generation device is designed, which can effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and has high output performance. A new liquid/gas charged interface based on micro-droplets was constructed by means of electrospray, a new strategy for confining the liquid/gas charged interface was proposed, and a high-performance electrolytic water catalyst was prepared. The physical and chemical mechanism of accelerated chemical reactions at the liquid/gas charged interface is revealed, and the desolvation effect and interface confinement effect are proved to be effective ways to construct defect-rich electrocatalysts.
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Sadouski, M. E. "Semantic models and tools for designing adaptive user interfaces of intelligent systems." Informatics 20, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37661/1816-0301-2023-20-3-74-89.
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Objectives. Models and tools for designing adaptive user interfaces for intelligent systems are being developed. The relevance is determined by the need to reduce overhead costs and development time for user interfaces and to provide their adaptation to the specific characteristics of the user of the intelligent system.Methods. Existing approaches to designing user interfaces are being analyzed. A semantic model of an adaptive user interface for intelligent systems is proposed, implemented using a basic universal language for representing knowledge based on set theory and graph theory.Results. An adaptive user interface model for intelligent systems has been developed, which includes a knowledge base model of the user interface, an agent-oriented model of the user interface, and a library of reusable components that provide integration of the user interface into both individual intelligent systems and intelligent systems groups. A method of transferring user interface components within an intelligent systems group during the operation of an intelligent system has also been developed.Conclusion. Developed models and tools allow to simplify the reuse of user interface components together with knowledge base and problem-solving components in the design and development of individual intelligent systems, as well as in the design and development of a group of semantically compatible intelligent systems, ensuring automation of integration of user interfaces and their adaptation for each user. The developed set of user interface components has been included in a library of reusable user interface components. Further expansion of the set of components in the library and their integration into a group of semantically compatible intelligent systems is planned.
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García, Alberto, J. Ernesto Solanes, Adolfo Muñoz, Luis Gracia, and Josep Tornero. "Augmented Reality-Based Interface for Bimanual Robot Teleoperation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 4379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094379.
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Teleoperation of bimanual robots is being used to carry out complex tasks such as surgeries in medicine. Despite the technological advances, current interfaces are not natural to the users, who spend long periods of time in learning how to use these interfaces. In order to mitigate this issue, this work proposes a novel augmented reality-based interface for teleoperating bimanual robots. The proposed interface is more natural to the user and reduces the interface learning process. A full description of the proposed interface is detailed in the paper, whereas its effectiveness is shown experimentally using two industrial robot manipulators. Moreover, the drawbacks and limitations of the classic teleoperation interface using joysticks are analyzed in order to highlight the benefits of the proposed augmented reality-based interface approach.
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Kiyohara, Shin, Hiromi Oda, Tomohiro Miyata, and Teruyasu Mizoguchi. "Prediction of interface structures and energies via virtual screening." Science Advances 2, no. 11 (November 2016): e1600746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600746.
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Interfaces markedly affect the properties of materials because of differences in their atomic configurations. Determining the atomic structure of the interface is therefore one of the most significant tasks in materials research. However, determining the interface structure usually requires extensive computation. If the interface structure could be efficiently predicted, our understanding of the mechanisms that give rise to the interface properties would be significantly facilitated, and this would pave the way for the design of material interfaces. Using a virtual screening method based on machine learning, we demonstrate a powerful technique to determine interface energies and structures. On the basis of the results obtained by a nonlinear regression using training data from 4 interfaces, structures and energies for 13 other interfaces were predicted. Our method achieved an efficiency that is more than several hundred to several tens of thousand times higher than that of the previously reported methods. Because the present method uses geometrical factors, such as bond length and atomic density, as descriptors for the regression analysis, the method presented here is robust and general and is expected to be beneficial to understanding the nature of any interface.
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Chen, Anqi, Feng Xie, Jingbo Wang, and Jun Chen. "Intelligent Optimization Method of Human–Computer Interaction Interface for UAV Cluster Attack Mission." Electronics 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2023): 4426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214426.
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In modern warfare, it is often necessary for the operator to control the UAV cluster from a ground control station to perform an attack task. However, the absence of an effective method for optimizing the human–computer interface in ground control stations for UAV clusters leads to usability difficulties and heightens the probability of human errors. Hence, we propose an optimization framework for human–computer interaction interfaces within UAV ground control stations, rooted in interface-essential elements. Specifically, the interface evaluation model was formulated by combining the Salient, Effort, Expectancy, and Value (SEEV) framework with the essential factor mutation cost of the quantified interface. We employed the SEEV–ant colony algorithm to address the challenge of optimizing the interface design within this context. For a typical UAV cluster attack mission, we optimized the human–computer interaction interfaces of the three mission stages based on the proposed SEEV-AC model. We conducted extensive simulation experiments in these optimized interfaces, and used eye-movement indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the interface optimization model. Based on the experimental results, divergence is reduced by 11.59%, and the fitness of the optimized interface is increased from 1.34 to 3.42. The results show that the proposed intelligent interface optimization method can effectively improve the interface design and reduce the operator’s workload.
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Xiao, Zhi Gang, Yi Wu, Yu Fang Shen, Zheng Guang Zou, Fei Long, and Kai Liu. "First-Principles Study of the Properties of Clean and Ni-Doped TiC/Fe Interfaces." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.166.
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First-principles plane-wave pseudopotential calculations of the electron structure and energetics of the interfaces of clean and Ni-doped TiC/Fe are reported. We predicted the atomic structure, bonding, and the interface binding energy of TiC(100)/Fe(100) and TiC(100)/Fe(110). By comparing the interface bonding energy and the total charge density distribution, the interface have priority to combine in TiC(100)/Fe(100) and TiC(100)/Fe(110) ways, where the former’s interface binding energy is higher. So the structure of TiC(100)/Fe(100) is more stable. The doped Ni atoms have preferential access to Fe-based body and form FeNi alloy, and enhance the interface bonding energy, thus effectively reducing the system energy of TiC(100)/Fe(100) and TiC(100)/Fe(110) interfaces, increasing the bonding strength and stability of interfaces of the composite materials.
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Li, Jiansheng, Zuyuan Xu, Yu Zhao, Wei Jiang, Wenbo Qin, Qingzhong Mao, Yong Wei, and Banglun Wang. "Interfacial Microstructure and Shear Behavior of the Copper/Q235 Steel/Copper Block Fabricated by Explosive Welding." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030600.
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A copper/Q235 steel/copper composite block with excellent bonding interfaces was prepared by explosive welding which was a promising technique to fabricate laminates. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the interfaces were investigated via the tensile-shear test, optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the shear strength of the upper-interface and lower-interfaces of the welded copper/steel are higher than ~235 MPa and ~222 MPa, respectively. The specimens failed fully within the copper and not at the bonding interface. It was attributed to: (1) no cavities and cracks at the interface; (2) the interface formed a metallurgical bonding including numerous ultra-fine grains (UFGs) which can significantly improve the plastic deformation coordination at the interface and inhibit the generation of micro-cracks.
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Wu, Zhi, Yifei Liu, Jing Zhou, Hong Zhao, and Zhihui Qin. "Interface Structure, Dielectric Behavior and Temperature Stability of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 Thin Films." Materials 16, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196358.
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Multilayer films can achieve advanced properties and a wide range of applications. The heterogeneous interface plays an important role in the performances of multilayer films. In this paper, the effects of the interface of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (BMT/PZT) thin films on dielectric behavior and temperature stability are investigated. The heterogeneous interface structures are characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The PZT-BMT interface is different from the BMT-PZT interface in thickness. For the PZT-BMT interface, the PZT thin films are diffused to the whole BMT layers, and the interface thickness is about 90 nm, while the BMT-PZT interface’s thickness is only about 8.6 nm. The presence of heterogeneous interfaces can improve the performances of BMT/PZT thin films and expand their applications. The dielectric constant of BBPP thin films is significantly lower than BPBP thin films, while the dielectric loss is exactly the opposite. The more interfaces there are, the greater the dielectric constant. The relationship between the electric-field-dependent dielectric constant curve and the P-E curve is established. The equivalent interface barrier of the diode is used to show that the dielectric peaks under the positive and negative voltage are different. Similarly, heterogeneous interfaces show a certain improvement in dielectric tunability and temperature stability.