Journal articles: 'Interface unknown'

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LEE, M. H., and S. M. GARRETT. "Qualitative modelling of unknown interface behaviour." International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 53, no. 4 (October 2000): 493–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0382.

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Kuncham, Eshwar, Neha Aswal, Subhamoy Sen, and Laurent Mevel. "Bayesian monitoring of substructures under unknown interface assumption." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 193 (June 2023): 110269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110269.

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Ciric, I. R. "Reduced surface integral equations for Laplacian fields in the presence of layered bodies." Canadian Journal of Physics 84, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-008.

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Laplacian potential fields in stratified media are usually analyzed using an integral equation for an unknown function over the union of all the interfaces between regions with different homogeneous materials. In this paper, the field problem is solved using a reduced integral equation involving a single unknown function over only the boundary of the source region. The new integral equation is derived by introducing surface operators to express the potential and its normal derivative on each interface in terms of a single unknown function over the same interface. These operators and the corresponding single functions are obtained recursively, from one interface to the next. Thus, a substantial decrease in the amount of necessary numerical computation and computer memory is achieved especially for systems containing identical layered bodies where the reduction operators are only constructed for one of the bodies. The purpose of this paper is to derive reduced integral equations by directly applying the interface conditions and to show their high computational efficiency for systems of layered bodies.PACS Nos.: 02.30.Rz, 02.70.Pt, 41.20.Cv

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Liu, Xi Qiang, Pei Jun Wei, Li Wang, and Gui Zhang. "Dynamic Effective Properties of Particle-Reinforced Composites with Imperfect Interface." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1793.

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Elastic wave scattering of single spherical particle and the multiple scattering in particle-reinforced composite with imperfect interfaces are studied by the use of wave function expansion method. Four typical interfaces are obtained by appropriate selection of spring constants in the classical spring interface model, i.e. perfect interface, slide interface, rough interface and unbonded interface. The jump and continuous conditions of displacement vector and traction vector are used to derive the equation which the unknown expansion coefficients of the scattered wave field satisfy. Furthermore, the multiple scattering in composite reinforced by random distributed spherical particles is investigated. The effective velocity and attenuation of coherent waves and the dynamic effective moduli of composites are evaluated. The numerical simulation is performed for the SiC-Al composite. The influences of interface parameters on the scattering cross section, the effective velocity, the effective attenuation and the effective elastic moduli are discussed.

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Washio, Takashi, and Masaharu Kitamura. "Identification of Unknown Factors in Subjective Evaluation of Interface." Japanese journal of ergonomics 32, Supplement (1996): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.32.supplement_308.

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Broggini, N., L. M. McManus, J. S. Hermann, R. Medina, R. K. Schenk, D. Buser, and D. L. Cochran. "Peri-implant Inflammation Defined by the Implant-Abutment Interface." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500515.

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An implant-abutment interface at the alveolar bone crest is associated with sustained peri-implant inflammation; however, whether magnitude of inflammation is proportionally dependent upon interface position remains unknown. This study compared the distribution and density of inflammatory cells surrounding implants with a supracrestal, crestal, or subcrestal implant-abutment interface. All implants developed a similar pattern of peri-implant inflammation: neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) maximally accumulated at or immediately coronal to the interface. However, peri-implant neutrophil accrual increased progressively as the implant-abutment interface depth increased, i.e., subcrestal interfaces promoted a significantly greater maximum density of neutrophils than did supracrestal interfaces (10,512 ± 691 vs. 2398 ± 1077 neutrophils/mm2). Moreover, inflammatory cell accumulation below the original bone crest was significantly correlated with bone loss. Thus, the implant-abutment interface dictates the intensity and location of peri-implant inflammatory cell accumulation, a potential contributing component in the extent of implant-associated alveolar bone loss.

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Wang, Y. S., and G. L. Yu. "Transmission of SH Waves Through an Elastic Layer Between Two Solids With Frictional Contact Interfaces." Journal of Applied Mechanics 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2791686.

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The propagation of SH waves in a three-layered medium containing an interlayer between two semi-infinite solids with frictional contact interfaces is studied. The incident wave, which propagates through the layer from one half-space to another with subcritical angle, is assumed to be strong enough so that friction may be broken, and the local slip may take place at the interfaces. The mixed boundary conditions involving inequalities and unknown intervals lead to a set of recurrence relations. Special examples are given for the case of identical materials to illustrate the mathematical procedure to obtain final results. The interface tractions and relative slip velocities are presented. The interaction between the two interfaces is discussed. It is shown that the slip of the interface near the incident wave may restrain the slip of the interface far from the incident wave, while that the latter may facilitate the former. We also find the instability of the system for similar values of the two interface friction coefficients. Finally, the energy transmitted through the interlayer and dissipated by the friction of the two interfaces are examined.

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Marcus, Philip S., and Sushil Shetty. "Jupiter's zonal winds: are they bands of homogenized potential vorticity organized as a monotonic staircase?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1937 (February 28, 2011): 771–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0299.

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The east–west striped pattern of clouds in Jupiter’s weather layer is accompanied by a zonal flow containing 12 eastward-going jet streams alternating in latitude with westward-going jet streams. Based on theory, simulation and observations of the Earth’s oceans and atmosphere, it is conjectured that Jupiter’s weather layer is made of bands of constant potential vorticity (PV), where the interfaces between bands are at the latitudes of the maxima of the eastward-going jet streams. It is speculated that the mixing of PV on Jupiter is analogous to the mixing of salt in the ocean by the Phillips effect, which causes the salt density to form a monotonic ‘staircase’. It is hypothesized that the PV in Jupiter’s weather layer is also a staircase, decreasing from north to south. PV is a function of vorticity, as well as parameters with unknown values, e.g. the vertical stratification and the zonal flow beneath the observable weather layer. Therefore, these hypotheses cannot be tested directly. Using an atmospheric model that contains these unknown parameters, we solved the inverse problem and found values of the unknown parameters (and their uncertainties) that best fit Jovian observations. The unknown parameters influence how the zonal flow interacts with large vortices, e.g. the Great Red Spot (GRS; the largest and longest-lived Jovian vortex, centred at 23°S) and the Oval BA (the second largest vortex, centred at 33°S). Although we found that the PV distribution is approximately piecewise-constant and that the peaks of the eastward-going jet streams are at the latitudes of PV interfaces, there is also a PV interface at 20°S, where there is a westward-going jet stream. We find that the zonal PV is not a monotonic staircase due to the ‘backwards’ interface at 20°S. We show that this backwards interface is necessary to make the GRS nearly round, and that without that interface, the Red Spot would be highly elongated in the east–west direction and probably unstable.

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Noda, Nao-Aki, and Tadatoshi Matsuo. "Singular Integral Equation Method for Interaction Between Elliptical Inclusions." Journal of Applied Mechanics 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789056.

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This paper deals with numerical solutions of singular integral equations in interaction problems of elliptical inclusions under general loading conditions. The stress and displacement fields due to a point force in infinite plates are used as fundamental solutions. Then, the problems are formulated as a system of singular integral equations with Cauchy-type or logarithmic-type singularities, where the unknowns are the body force densities distributed in infinite plates having the same elastic constants as those of the matrix and inclusions. To determine the unknown body force densities to satisfy the boundary conditions, four auxiliary unknown functions are derived from each body force density. It is found that determining these four auxiliary functions in the range 0≦φk≦π/2 is equivalent to determining an original unknown density in the range 0≦φk≦2π. Then, these auxiliary unknowns are approximated by using fundamental densities and polynomials. Initially, the convergence of the results such as unknown densities and interface stresses are confirmed with increasing collocation points. Also, the accuracy is verified by examining the boundary conditions and relations between interface stresses and displacements. Randomly or regularly distributed elliptical inclusions can be treated by combining both solutions for remote tension and shear shown in this study.

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Manners, W. "Heat conduction through irregularly spaced plane strip contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001523515.

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Solutions are developed for the conductive heat flow in the xy plane where there is a uniform flow at infinite values of y, and where y = 0 represents the interface between two materials. This interface consists of an arbitrary pattern of perfectly conducting strips and non-conducting gaps. It is assumed that thermoelastic effects are negligible. The solution takes the form of an equation with one unknown parameter per gap, and these unknowns can be found by a simple solution process involving numerical integration. The effective resistance of the interface can then be determined by a simple numerical integration.

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Li, Zhilin, and Ming-Chih Lai. "New Finite Difference Methods Based on IIM for Inextensible Interfaces in Incompressible Flows." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 1, no. 2 (May 2011): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.030510.250910a.

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AbstractIn this paper, new finite difference methods based on the augmented immersed interface method (IIM) are proposed for simulating an inextensible moving interface in an incompressible two-dimensional flow. The mathematical models arise from studying the deformation of red blood cells in mathematical biology. The governing equations are incompressible Stokes or Navier-Stokes equations with an unknown surface tension, which should be determined in such a way that the surface divergence of the velocity is zero along the interface. Thus, the area enclosed by the interface and the total length of the interface should be conserved during the evolution process. Because of the nonlinear and coupling nature of the problem, direct discretization by applying the immersed boundary or immersed interface method yields complex nonlinear systems to be solved. In our new methods, we treat the unknown surface tension as an augmented variable so that the augmented IIM can be applied. Since finding the unknown surface tension is essentially an inverse problem that is sensitive to perturbations, our regularization strategy is to introduce a controlled tangential force along the interface, which leads to a least squares problem. For Stokes equations, the forward solver at one time level involves solving three Poisson equations with an interface. For Navier-Stokes equations, we propose a modified projection method that can enforce the pressure jump condition corresponding directly to the unknown surface tension. Several numerical experiments show good agreement with other results in the literature and reveal some interesting phenomena.

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Long, Yangyang, Jens Twiefel, Joscha Roth, and Jörg Wallaschek. "Real-Time Observation of Interface Relative Motion during Ultrasonic Wedge-Wedge Bonding Process." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 000419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-wp35.

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As a predominant interconnection technique in microelectronic industry, ultrasonic wire bonding has been investigated for decades ever since its invention. Due to the extremely short process time, high operating frequency and ultrathin interfaces, many mechanisms are still unknown. One focus point of the research is the motion behaviors at the two interfaces – interface between wire & substrate (wire/substrate) and interface between wire & bonding tool (wire/tool). In this project, the motion behaviors at the two interfaces were observed by a high speed camera combined with an optical magnification system. The relative motion at the wire/substrate interface was recorded at maximum a frame rate of 350,515 fps which is approximately six times higher than the bonding frequency. The relative motion is caused by the vibration induced reciprocal motion and the plastic deformation induced material flow. The wire/tool interface was observed at lower frame rates due to the window size confinement. Through the observations, a relative motion was captured for the first time. This discovery indicates that the process parameters must be carefully controlled so that cratering as well as other damaging problems can be avoided.

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Al Mashagbeh, Mohammad, and Mir Behrad Khamesee. "Force control for position interface industrial manipulator working in unknown environment." Microsystem Technologies 21, no. 12 (March 26, 2015): 2557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2492-9.

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Lan, C. W., and M. C. Liang. "Multigrid Methods for Incompressible Heat Flow Problems with an Unknown Interface." Journal of Computational Physics 152, no. 1 (June 1999): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1999.6234.

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Ji, Koochul, Lauren K. Stewart, and Chloe Arson. "Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Silica/PMMA Interface Shear Behavior." Polymers 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051039.

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The mechanical properties of cementitious materials injected by epoxy have seldom been modeled quantitatively, and the atomic origin of the shear strength of polymer/concrete interfaces is still unknown. To understand the main parameters that affect crack filling and interface strength in mode II, we simulated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) injection and PMMA/silica interface shear deformation with Molecular Dynamics (MD). Injection simulation results indicate that the notch filling ratio increases with injection pressure (100 MPa–500 MPa) and temperature (200 K–400 K) and decreases with the chain length (4–16). Interface shear strength increases with the strain rate (1×108 s−1–1×109 s−1). Smooth interfaces have lower shear strengths than polymer alone, and under similar injection conditions, rough interfaces tend to be stronger than smooth ones. The shear strength of rough interfaces increases with the filling ratio and the length of the polymer chains; it is not significantly affected by temperatures under 400 K, but it drops dramatically when the temperature reaches 400 K, which corresponds to the PMMA melting temperature for the range of pressures tested. For the same injection work input, a higher interface shear strength can be achieved with the entanglement of long molecule chains rather than with asperity filling by short molecule chains. Overall, the mechanical work needed to break silica/PMMA interfaces in mode II is mainly contributed by van der Waals forces, but it is noted that interlocking forces play a critical role in interfaces created with long polymer chains, in which less non-bond energy is required to reach failure in comparison to an interface with the same shear strength created with shorter polymer chains. In general, rough interfaces with low filling ratios and long polymer chains perform better than rough interfaces with high filling ratios and short polymer chains, indicating that for the same injection work input, it is more efficient to use polymers with high polymerization.

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Wang, Zhongwu, Hongzhen Lin, Xi Zhang, Jie Li, Xiaosong Chen, Shuguang Wang, Wenbin Gong, et al. "Revealing molecular conformation–induced stress at embedded interfaces of organic optoelectronic devices by sum frequency generation spectroscopy." Science Advances 7, no. 16 (April 2021): eabf8555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf8555.

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Interface stresses are pervasive and critical in conventional optoelectronic devices and generally lead to many failures and reliability problems. However, detection of the interface stress embedded in organic optoelectronic devices is a long-standing problem, which causes the unknown relationship between interface stress and organic device stability (one key and unsettled issue for practical applications). In this study, a kind of previously unknown molecular conformation–induced stress is revealed at the organic embedded interface through sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy technique. This stress can be greater than 10 kcal/mol per nm2 and is sufficient to induce molecular disorder in the organic semiconductor layer (with energy below 8 kcal/mol per nm2), finally causing instability of the organic transistor. This study not only reveals interface stress in organic devices but also correlates instability of organic devices with the interface stress for the first time, offering an effective solution for improving device stability.

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Weiss, J. K., W. J. de Ruijter, M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, David J. Smith, E. Voelkl, and H. Lichte. "Applications of electron holography to multilayer interfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 674–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087689.

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Electron holography has received renewed interest recently as a means of resolution enhancement in high resolution phase contrast imaging and as a technique for imaging microscopic magnetic domain structures. Some of the original applications of the technique involved measurement of the absolute mean inner potential in films of known thickness. This approach has now been extended in order to gain information about changes in elemental concentrations at interfaces in multilayer films.The abruptness of interfaces in multilayer films used for X-ray mirrors strongly affects their reflective properties. Previous studies using high resolution phase contrast imaging have shown that this interface diffuseness can be imaged, but typically with low contrast and an unknown contribution from amplitude contrast effects. The differences in mean inner potential between successive layers suggests that the variation of the mean inner potential across the interface should be a good measurement of the change in elemental concentration.

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Ji, Haifeng, Qian Zhang, and Bin Zhang. "A Cartesian Grid Method for Modeling Charge Distribution on Interfaces via Augmented Technique." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7521273.

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In the electrostatic field computations, second-order elliptic interface problems with nonhomogeneous interface jump conditions need to be solved. In realistic applications, often the total electric quantity on the interface is given. However, the charge distribution on the interface corresponding to the nonhomogeneous interface jump condition is unknown. This paper proposes a Cartesian grid method for solving the interface problem with the given total electric quantity on the interface. The proposed method employs both the immersed finite element with the nonhomogeneous interface jump condition and the augmented technique. Numerical experiments are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

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AHLUWALIA, D. V. "INTERFACE OF GRAVITATIONAL AND QUANTUM REALMS." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 15n17 (June 7, 2002): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230200765x.

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The talk centers around the question: Can general-relativistic description of physical reality be considered complete? On the way I argue how – unknown to many a physicists, even today – the "forty orders of magnitude argument" against quantum gravity phenomenology was defeated more than a quarter of a century ago, and how we now stand at the possible verge of detecting a signal for the spacetime foam, and studying the gravitationally-modified wave particle duality using superconducting quantum interference devices.

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Qi, H., J. Yang, and Y. Shi. "Scattering of Sh-Wave by Cylindrical Inclusion Near Interface in Bi-Material Half-Space." Journal of Mechanics 27, no. 1 (March 2011): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2011.5.

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ABSTRACTGreen's function and complex function methods are used here to investigate the problem of the scattering of SH-wave by a cylindrical inclusion near interface in bi-material half-space. Firstly, Green's function was constructed which was an essential solution of displacement field for an elastic right-angle space possessing a cylindrical inclusion while bearing out-of-plane harmonic line source load at any point of its vertical boundary. Secondly, the bi-material media was divided into two parts along the vertical interface using the idea of interface “conjunction”, then undetermined anti-plane forces were loaded at the linking sections respectively to satisfy continuity conditions, and a series of Fredholm integral equations of first kind for determining the unknown forces could be set up through continuity conditions on surface. Finally, some examples for dynamic stress concentration factor of the cylindrical elastic inclusion are given. Numerical results show that dynamic stress concentration factor is influenced by interfaces, free boundary and combination of different media parameters.

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Yang, Xiaomei, Weiyang Yang, Junlin Li, and Xuexia Zhang. "Oscillatory Singularity Behaviors Near Interface Crack Tip for Mode II of Orthotropic Bimaterial." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/716768.

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The fracture behaviors near the interface crack tip for mode II of orthotropic bimaterial are discussed. The oscillatory singularity fields are researched. The stress functions are chosen which contain twelve undetermined coefficients and an unknown singularity exponent. Based on the boundary conditions and linear independence, the system of twelve nonhomogeneous linear equations is derived. According to the condition for the system of nonhomogeneous linear equations which has a solution, the singularity exponent is determined. Total coefficients are found by means of successive elimination of the unknowns. The theoretical formulae of stress intensity factors and analytic solutions of stress field near the interface crack tip are obtained. The crack tip field is shown by figures.

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Hong, Soonjin, Regina B. Troyanovsky, and Sergey M. Troyanovsky. "Cadherin exits the junction by switching its adhesive bond." Journal of Cell Biology 192, no. 6 (March 21, 2011): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201006113.

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The plasticity of cell–cell adhesive structures is crucial to all normal and pathological morphogenetic processes. The molecular principles of this plasticity remain unknown. Here we study the roles of two dimerization interfaces, the so-called strand-swap and X dimer interfaces of E-cadherin, in the dynamic remodeling of adherens junctions using photoactivation, calcium switch, and coimmunoprecipitation assays. We show that the targeted inactivation of the X dimer interface blocks the turnover of catenin-uncoupled cadherin mutants in the junctions of A-431 cells. In contrast, the junctions formed by strand-swap dimer interface mutants exhibit high instability. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the strand-swap interaction is a principal cadherin adhesive bond that keeps cells in firm contact. However, to leave the adherens junction, cadherin reconfigures its adhesive bond from the strand swap to the X dimer type. Such a structural transition, controlled by intercellular traction forces or by lateral cadherin alignment, may be the key event regulating adherens junction dynamics.

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Ji, Yaohui, Wencheng Lei, Yuxiang Huang, Jiangyuan Wu, and Wenji Yu. "Influence of Resin Content and Density on Water Resistance of Bamboo Scrimber Composite from a Bonding Interface Structure Perspective." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091856.

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As a new type of green environmental protection material for outdoor use, the water resistance of bamboo scrimber composite (BSC) is crucial—the primary reason for a decrease in water resistance being bonding interface failure. From a bonding interface structure perspective, the influence mechanism of the resin content and density on the water resistance of BSCs remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, BSCs were prepared using Moso bamboo and phenol-formaldehyde resin, and the changes in the macroscopic and microscopic bonding interfaces before and after 28-h water-resistance tests were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the water resistance of the BSC increased with increasing resin content, with higher thickness swelling rates (TSRs) observed at higher densities. Obvious cracks were found at the macroscopic interface after 28-h tests, with higher resin contents leading to fewer and smaller cracks. With increasing density, the longitudinal fissures due to defibering process decreased, having an effect on width swelling rates (WSRs). Furthermore, porosity measurements revealed changes in the microscopic bonding interface; the difference in porosity before and after testing (D-value) showed the same trend as water resistance. Generally, we conclude that the macroscopic and microscopic bonding interface structures are closely related to BSC water resistance.

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Kim, Minkyung, Dasol Lee, Yeseul Kim, and Junsuk Rho. "Nanophotonic-assisted precision enhancement of weak measurement using spin Hall effect of light." Nanophotonics 11, no. 20 (September 5, 2022): 4591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0447.

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Abstract The spin Hall effect of light, i.e., the microscopic and spin-dependent transverse splitting of linearly polarized light into circular polarizations at an optical interface, has been considered as a promising candidate for high-precision measurement when combined with a weak measurement technique. However, in those previous demonstrations, the precision is determined by the interface of interest, hindering its versatility. Here, by leveraging the direct correlation of precision with the spin Hall shift, we propose nanophotonic-assisted approaches to increase the precision of the weak measurement by controlling the spin Hall effect of light at the target interface. The refractive index sensing of an isotropic medium is demonstrated as a proof of concept, in which the precision can be increased, in principle, to infinity by placing an index-below-unity slab in the vicinity of the target interface. Furthermore, a single-layer metasurface comprising two-dimensional subwavelength patterns is introduced as an experimentally favorable platform. This study lays the foundation for nondestructive and high-precision investigation of unknown parameters of interfaces and will find wide sensing applications in material science, medical engineering, and other interdisciplinary fields.

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Urban, F. K., and M. F. Tabet. "Virtual interface method for in situ ellipsometry of films grown on unknown substrates." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 11, no. 4 (July 1993): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.578578.

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Parks, Allen D., and Scott E. Spence. "Comparative Weak Value Amplification as an Approach to Estimating the Value of Small Quantum Mechanical Interactions." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0035.

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AbstractWeak value amplification is a measurement technique where small quantum mechanical interactions are amplified and manifested macroscopically in the output of a measurement apparatus. It is shown here that the linear nature of weak value amplification provides a straightforward comparative methodology for using the value of a known small interaction to estimate the value of an unknown small interaction. The methodology is illustrated by applying it to quantify the unknown size of an optical Goos-Hänchen shift of a laser beam induced at a glass/gold interface using the known size of the shift at a glass/air interface.

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Mendonça, Carlos A., and Carlos A. M. Chaves. "Mass-constrained basin basement mapping." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (April 21, 2021): G13—G21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0184.1.

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The irregular interface model setting side by side two dense homogeneous media has found many applications in gravity-data exploration such as for petroleum and gas in sedimentary basins, groundwater resources in buried paleochannels, characterization of abandoned landfills, and variable regolith-depth mapping. Despite its simplicity and wide range of applicability, the determination of the interface position from inverting surface gravity data configures an ill-posed problem requiring specialized regularizing procedures to produce reliable results. Common approaches to obtain stable and reliable solutions require a judicious choice of regularizing functionals, each of them able to convey a desired geologic attribute that the unknown interface is expected to feature. In assuming a style that the unknown interface may have, a mathematical procedure is elected to convey such an attribute when the interface is mapped from gravity data inversion. We have developed a different approach to the interface mapping problem by imposing a common constraint that all model solutions must have, meanwhile preventing oscillations for the interface to be mapped. As a constraint that the solutions must have, we fix the volume or the cross section for 2D structures that the anomalous density structure has. This volume (or 2D cross section) is determined by applying the mass excess theorem to the measured gravity data and assuming as known the density contrast caused by the two media paired by the interface. We find that this simple formulation for the interface-mapping problem is effective in imaging a variety of basin styles without introducing specific information about the interface attributes. Our technique is applied to invert previously published gravity data in cases with good drillhole control or with a known interface.

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Umbricht, Guillermo Federico, Domingo Alberto Tarzia, and Diana Rubio. "Determination of Two Homogeneous Materials in a Bar with Solid-Solid Interface." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090302.

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In this work, a bar fully insulated on its lateral surface. composed by two different unknown materials is considered. For the analytical solution, it is assumed a perfectly assembly solid-solid interface, so no heat loss due to friction is present. This is an ideal scenario, so this loss and possible measurement errors are included by simulating noisy data for the estimation of the thermal conductivity of the unknown materials. A stationary heat transfer process along the bar is considered where a Dirichlet condition is imposed at the left that represents a source of constant temperature. At the other end of the bar, a Robin condition that models heat dissipation by convection, is assumed. The constant thermal conductivity coefficients of both solids are determined under two different situations: a) two noisy temperature measurements are available, one at the interface and the other at the right boundary; b) a temperature measurement at the interface and a heat flow measurement at the right edge of the bar are given. The bounds for the errors in the identification of the unknown coefficients are obtained based on the data measurements, the room temperature and temperature values at the boundary and interface. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the ideas used for the parameter identification and elasticity analysis is carried out to measure the dependence of the data on the estimated parameters.

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Zhang, Shengxi, Zhongfu Li, Shengbin Ma, Long Li, and Mengqi Yuan. "Critical Factors Influencing Interface Management of Prefabricated Building Projects: Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 5418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095418.

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Recently, interface management has been regarded as the key to the success of prefabricated building projects (PBPs) due to its capabilities to manage numerous interfaces caused by PBPs’ inherent geographical and organizational fragmentation. However, the factors influencing the interface management of PBPs are largely unknown and poorly studied. To compensate for this gap, this study aimed to investigate the critical factors influencing interface management in PBPs with quantitative and qualitative methods. Twenty-seven critical factors influencing the interface management of PBPs were identified through a literature review, questionnaire survey, and face-to-face interviews with professionals in the construction industry. A questionnaire survey was sent out to developers, designers, manufacturers, contractors, and consultants in China, and 66 completed questionnaires were received. Results showed the top five critical factors influencing the interface management of PBPs were (1) accuracy of design, (2) timeliness of information communication, (3) timeliness of component production and supply, (4) standardization of design, and (5) definition of work content and scope. The 27 influencing factors of PBPs were further categorized into seven groups via exploratory factor analysis, namely: (1) information communication, (2) trust and cooperation, (3) technical and management capability, (4) organizational integration, (5) standardization, (6) technical environment, and (7) contractual management. Improving these issues will contribute to the successful implementation of PBPs. Finally, combined with relevant literature and expert interviews, the impact of these seven clusters on the interface management of PBPs was discussed. The findings may contribute to deepening the understanding of interface management, reducing unnecessary conflicts and difficulties, and promoting the sustainable development of prefabricated building (PB).

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Chuang, Tze-jer, June-Liang Chu, and Sanboh Lee. "Diffusive Crack Growth at a Bimaterial Interface." Journal of Applied Mechanics 63, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2823365.

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The high temperature microcrack growth behavior along a planar interface between two elastic dissimilar media is investigated with an aim at estimating service life of advanced ceramic composites under creep-rupture conditions. The crack is assumed to grow along the interface normal to a remote applied tensile stress via a coupled surface and grain-boundary diffusion under steady-state creep conditions. The crack-tip conditions were first derived from the asymmetric tip morphology developed by surface self-diffusion. The governing integro-differential equation containing the unknown tensile stress distribution along the interface ahead of the moving crack tip was derived and it was found that a new length parameter exists as a scaling factor for the interface for which the solution becomes identical to that of the single-phase media when plotted on the nondimensional physical plane. In contrast to the elastic stress solution which shows singularity at the tip and oscillatory character away from the tip, the creep stresses have a peak value away from the tip due to a wedging effect and interfacial sliding eliminates stress oscillation resulting in a decoupling between mode I and mode II stress fields. This stress solution ties the far-field loading parameter to the crack-tip conditions in terms of the unknown crack velocity to give a specific V-K functional relationship. It was shown that a stress exponent of 12 in the conventional power-law crack growth emerges at higher applied stress levels. An analysis on energy balance shows that the energy release during crack growth amounts to the J-integral which derives mostly from work done by “wedging,” not from strain energy loss. A constraint on interfacial diffusivities of the two species was found and its implications on possible microstructural developments were discussed.

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Hamid, A., and F. Cooray. "Scattering from a Buried PEMC Cylinder Illuminated by a Normally Incident Plane Wave Propagating in Free Space." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i1.873.

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A rigorous solution is presented to the problem of scattering by a perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) circular cylinder buried inside a dielectric half-space that is excited by a normally incident transverse magnetic (TM) plane wave propagating in free space. The plane wave incident on the planar interface separating the two media creates fields transmitting into the dielectric half- space becoming the known primary incident fields for the buried cylinder. When the fields scattered by the cylinder, in response to those fields incident on it, are incident at the interface, they generate fields reflected into the dielectric half-space and fields transmitted into free space. These fields, and the fields scattered by the cylinder are expressed in terms of appropriate cylindrical waves consisting of unknown expansion coefficients which are to be determined. Imposing boundary conditions at the surface of the cylinder and at a point on the planar interface, enables the evaluation of the unknown coefficients. This procedure is then replicated, by considering multiple reflections and transmissions at the planar interface, and multiple scattering by the cylinder, till a preset accuracy is obtained for the reflection coefficient at the particular point on the interface. The refection coefficient at this point is then computed for cylinders of different sizes, to show how it varies with the PEMC admittance of the cylinder, its burial depth, and the permittivity of the dielectric half-space.

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Eckert, Lindsey. "Priscilla Wordsworth’s Pocketbook Diaries and Interfaces of Subjectivity." Review of English Studies 71, no. 300 (October 17, 2019): 508–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz114.

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Abstract Pocketbook diaries were one of the most pervasive platforms for autobiography in Britain throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The relative standardization of the genre’s bibliographic and textual elements encouraged users to record their lives in discrete day-by-day blocks and their finances in neat columns. As culturally ubiquitous interfaces, pocketbooks had the potential to shape the records that users wrote in them as well as, this article argues, users themselves. I draw on the case study of Priscilla Wordsworth’s pocketbooks from the early 1800s, contextualizing them alongside other largely unknown female diarists from the period. I show that, in addition to the content of diary entries, the way Wordsworth and others interact with the material and cultural expectations of their pocketbooks reveals much about pocketbooks’ affordances and their potential to influence their users. This article suggests that the interfaces that people used might affect not only their interactions with a particular interface—such as a pocketbook—but also their sense of self. Employing theories of interface design often applied to digital media, this article offers connections between old and new media and within scholarship on media studies, book history, and material culture.

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Terutsuki, Daigo, Hidefumi Mitsuno, Takeshi Sakurai, Yuki Okamoto, Agnès Tixier-Mita, Hiroshi Toshiyoshi, Yoshio Mita, and Ryohei Kanzaki. "Increasing cell–device adherence using cultured insect cells for receptor-based biosensors." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 172366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172366.

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Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have a wide range of applications, and a bio-FET odorant sensor, based on insect (Sf21) cells expressing insect odorant receptors (ORs) with sensitivity and selectivity, has emerged. To fully realize the practical application of bio-FET odorant sensors, knowledge of the cell–device interface for efficient signal transfer, and a reliable and low-cost measurement system using the commercial complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) foundry process, will be indispensable. However, the interfaces between Sf21 cells and sensor devices are largely unknown, and electrode materials used in the commercial CMOS foundry process are generally limited to aluminium, which is reportedly toxic to cells. In this study, we investigated Sf21 cell–device interfaces by developing cross-sectional specimens. Calcium imaging of Sf21 cells expressing insect ORs was used to verify the functions of Sf21 cells as odorant sensor elements on the electrode materials. We found that the cell–device interface was approximately 10 nm wide on average, suggesting that the adhesion mechanism of Sf21 cells may differ from that of other cells. These results will help to construct accurate signal detection from expressed insect ORs using FETs.

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Levy, Revital, Ziv Rotfogel, Dalia Hillman, Andrey Popugailo, Gila Arad, Emmanuelle Supper, Farhat Osman, and Raymond Kaempfer. "Superantigens hyperinduce inflammatory cytokines by enhancing the B7-2/CD28 costimulatory receptor interaction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (October 5, 2016): E6437—E6446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603321113.

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Full T-cell activation requires interaction between the costimulatory receptors B7-2 and CD28. By binding CD28, bacterial superantigens elicit harmful inflammatory cytokine overexpression through an unknown mechanism. We show that, by engaging not only CD28 but also its coligand B7-2 directly, superantigens potently enhance the avidity between B7-2 and CD28, inducing thereby T-cell hyperactivation. Using the same 12-aa β-strand-hinge-α-helix domain, superantigens engage both B7-2 and CD28 at their homodimer interfaces, areas remote from where these coreceptors interact, implying that inflammatory signaling can be controlled through the receptor homodimer interfaces. Short B7-2 dimer interface mimetic peptides bind diverse superantigens, prevent superantigen binding to cell-surface B7-2 or CD28, attenuate inflammatory cytokine overexpression, and protect mice from lethal superantigen challenge. Thus, superantigens induce a cytokine storm not only by mediating the interaction between MHC-II molecule and T-cell receptor but also, critically, by promoting B7-2/CD28 coreceptor engagement, forcing the principal costimulatory axis to signal excessively. Our results reveal a role for B7-2 as obligatory receptor for superantigens. B7-2 homodimer interface mimotopes prevent superantigen lethality by blocking the superantigen–host costimulatory receptor interaction.

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35

da Silva Medeiros, Flavia Natércia. "Opposing the “lessons of things”, for children and adults." Journal of Science Communication 04, no. 04 (December 21, 2005): R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.04040701.

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A review of two books recently published by Vieira & Lent, by the Casa da Ciência (House of Science) and by the Oswaldo Cruz Museu da Vida (Life Museum, Cruz/Fiocruz), "O Pequeno Cientista Amador – a divulgação científica e o público infantil", and "Terra Incógnita – a interface entre ciência e público" ("The Young Amateur Scientist - scientific divulgation and the youthful public", and "Unknown Land – the interface between science and the public") is presented.

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Lan, C. W., and Sindo Kou. "Thermocapillary flow and natural convection in a melt column with an unknown melt/solid interface." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 12, no. 1 (January 5, 1991): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650120105.

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Suchand Sangeeth, C. S., Albert Wan, and Christian A. Nijhuis. "Probing the nature and resistance of the molecule–electrode contact in SAM-based junctions." Nanoscale 7, no. 28 (2015): 12061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr02570b.

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For two-terminal molecular junctions composed of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), the nature of the SAM–electrode interface is often unknown. Here we used potentiodynamic impedance spectroscopy to determine the nature and resistance of the SAM–electrode contact.

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38

Umbricht, Guillermo Federico, Diana Rubio, and Domingo Alberto Tarzia. "Estimation of a Thermal Conductivity in a Stationary Heat Transfer Problem with a Solid-Solid Interface." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390202.

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An inverse problem for a stationary heat transfer process is studied for a totally isolated bar on its lateral surface, made up of two consecutive sections of different, isotropic and homogeneous materials, perfectly assembly, where one of the materials, that is unreachable and unknown, has to be identified. The length of the bar is assumed to be much greater that the diameter so that a 1D heat transfer process is considered. A constant temperature is assumed at the end of the unknown part of the rod while the other end is let free for convection. We propose a procedure to identify the unknown material of the bar based on a noisy flow measurement at the opposite end. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived together with a bound for the estimation error. Moreover, elasticity analysis is performed to study the influence of the data in the conductivity estimation and numerical examples are included to illustrate the proposed ideas and show the estimation performance.

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39

Čonková, Miroslava, Wojciech Drożdż, Zygmunt Miłosz, Piotr Cecot, Jack Harrowfield, Mikołaj Lewandowski, and Artur R. Stefankiewicz. "Influencing prototropy by metal ion coordination: supramolecular transformation of a dynamer into a Zn-based toroidal species." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 9 (2021): 3065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05598k.

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The work provides a previously unknown example of the desymmetrisation of an organic component resulting from the metal-ion induced tautomerisation which led to the generation of a new type of toroidal coordination species at a solid–liquid interface.

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Ghandehari, M., S. Krishnaswamy, and S. Shah. "Bond-Induced Longitudinal Fracture in Reinforced Concrete." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 4 (February 16, 2000): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1313822.

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Splitting of concrete caused by pullout of deformed rebars is investigated. The influence of specimen cross section size and geometry on the relationship between the components of stress and relative displacement at the interface is evaluated. Phase measurement interferometry is used for accurate mapping of the splitting cracks. The measured crack profiles, material model, and a fracture criterion are used in a hybrid experimental/numerical approach to evaluate the unknown normal component of traction at the interface. [S0021-8936(00)03603-5]

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41

McArthur, D. R., and L. J. Sudak. "A circular inclusion with inhomogeneous non-slip imperfect interface in harmonic materials." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2190 (June 2016): 20160285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0285.

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In this work, a rigorous study is presented for the problem associated with a circular inclusion embedded in an infinite matrix in finite plane elastostatics where both the inclusion and matrix are comprised a harmonic material. The inclusion/matrix boundary is treated as a circumferentially inhomogeneous imperfect interface that is described by a linear spring-type imperfect interface model where in the tangential direction, the interface parameter is infinite in magnitude and in the normal direction, the interface parameter is finite in magnitude (the so-called non-slip interface condition). Through the repeated use of the technique of analytic continuation, the boundary value problem for four analytic functions is reduced to solve a single first-order linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients for a single analytic function defined within the inclusion. The unknown coefficients of said function are then found via various analyticity requirements. The method is illustrated, using a specific example of a particular class of inhomogeneous non-slip imperfect interface. The results from these calculations are then contrasted with the results from the homogeneous imperfect interface. These comparisons indicate that the circumferential variation of interface damage has a pronounced effect on the average boundary stress.

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42

Yiu, C. K. Y., F. R. Tay, N. M. King, D. H. Pashley, S. K. Sidhu, J. C. L. Neo, M. Toledano, and S. L. Wong. "Interaction of Glass-ionomer Cements with Moist Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 4 (April 2004): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300403.

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Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) are regarded as aqueous gels made up of polyalkenoic acid salts containing ion-leachable glass fillers. The consequence of water permeation across the GIC-dentin interface is unknown. This study used SEM, field-emission/environmental SEM (FE-ESEM), and TEM to examine the ultrastructure of GIC-bonded moist dentin. Dentin surfaces bonded with 6 auto-cured GICs were examined along the fractured GIC-dentin interfaces. Additional specimens fractured 3 mm away from the interfaces were used as controls. SEM revealed spherical bodies along GIC-dentin interfaces that resembled hollow eggshells. FE-SEM depicted similar bodies with additional solid cores. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis and TEM showed that the spherical bodies consisted of a silicon-rich GIC phase that was absent from the air-voids in the controls. The GIC inclusions near dentin surfaces result from a continuation of the GI reaction, within air-voids of the original polyalkenoate matrix, that occurred upon water diffusion from moist dentin.

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43

Bostro¨m, A. "Elastic Wave Scattering from an Interface Crack: Antiplane Strain." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173060.

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The two-dimensional scalar problem of scattering of elastic waves under antiplane strain from an interface crack between two elastic half-spaces is considered. The method used is a direct integral equation method with the crack-opening displacement as the unknown. Chebyshev polynomials are used as expansion functions and the matrix in the resulting equations is simplified by contour integration techniques. The scattered far field is expressed explicitly in simple functions and the expansion coefficients. The consequences of energy conservation are explored and are used as a check in the numerical implementation. For incoming plane waves numerical results are given for the total scattered energy and the far field amplitude.

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Cheng, Yixuan, Wenqing Fan, Wei Huang, Gaoqing Yu, Yu Han, Hang Dong, and Wen Liu. "PDFuzzerGen: Policy-Driven Black-Box Fuzzer Generation for Smart Devices." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 27, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9788219.

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Black-box fuzzing is a testing technique to find both known and unknown vulnerabilities in software. When applying black-box fuzzing to smart devices, the main idea is to take a smart device as a black box and provide random input through a network-based interface, such as a Web interface. Due to the diversity of Web interface implementations and complex data format, a blind mutation of the message makes the message unable to pass the verification of the device component. Therefore, each Web interface needs a unique fuzzer, which precisely defines a message format of the target interface, a state maintenance method, the field positions to be mutated, and a specific input mutation method. At the time of writing, a fuzzer is completely developed by a security engineer. To save human labor, we present PDFuzzerGen, a tool to automatically synthesize complex black-box fuzzers for smart devices. PDFuzzerGen generates multiple fuzzing policies by analyzing raw messages and then synthesizes fuzzers based on policies. PDFuzzerGen requires no human intervention and can be applied to a wide range of smart devices. Furthermore, the generated fuzzers can expose bugs and flaws that rest deep in smart devices. PDFuzzerGen was evaluated to generate fuzzers for 19 different smart devices from 6 vendors. It has found 14 previously unknown vulnerabilities, 5 of which were confirmed and disclosed by the China National Vulnerability Database (CNVD) and 2 of which were confirmed and disclosed by Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). The generated fuzzers outperform some manually crafted fuzzers on a few metrics, including the vulnerability detection rate and time cost of a newly developed fuzzer, which demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of PDFuzzerGen.

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Lemak, Stepan, Viktor Chertopolokhov, Anna Kruchinina, Margarita Belousova, Leonid Borodkin, and Maxim Mironenko. "Optimization of Interface Elements Order in Virtual Reality (Virtual Reconstruction of Bely Gorod Historical Relief)." Историческая информатика, no. 1 (January 2020): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2020.1.32205.

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The article sets a problem focusing on how to optimize the order of 3D user interface for virtual reconstruction of Moscow historical center landscape in the 16th-18th centuries. To work with the interface a virtual reality headset, a motion tracking system and an eye-tracker were integrated. Spatial representation of the historical reconstruction is accompanied by a specialized interface that allows one to access the source database. The authors introduce a criterion that provides for estimating the optimum order of interface elements in the virtual space. The problem is handled in case there are unknown factors such as the size of user's hands, deviations in the position of an interactive object and restrictions related to the disposition of interface elements. The article sets the general problem and solves some internal problems related to the construction of acceptable multiple dispositions of interface elements and the modeling of eyesight movement from one interface element to another. The article is the first to suggest an algorithm to numerically optimize the interface in 3D virtual space modeling the relief and historical buildings in the center of Moscow. It provides for user’s movement and gives access to historical sources which are the basis for virtual reconstruction of the heritage understudy.

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Flower, Thomas G., Cosmo Z. Buffalo, Richard M. Hooy, Marc Allaire, Xuefeng Ren, and James H. Hurley. "Structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8, a rapidly evolving immune evasion protein." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): e2021785118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021785118.

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The molecular basis for the severity and rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely unknown. ORF8 is a rapidly evolving accessory protein that has been proposed to interfere with immune responses. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 was determined at 2.04-Å resolution by X-ray crystallography. The structure reveals a ∼60-residue core similar to SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a, with the addition of two dimerization interfaces unique to SARS-CoV-2 ORF8. A covalent disulfide-linked dimer is formed through an N-terminal sequence specific to SARS-CoV-2, while a separate noncovalent interface is formed by another SARS-CoV-2−specific sequence, 73YIDI76. Together, the presence of these interfaces shows how SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 can form unique large-scale assemblies not possible for SARS-CoV, potentially mediating unique immune suppression and evasion activities.

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Hamid, A. K., and F. Cooray. "Scattering from a Buried PEMC Cylinder due to a Line Source Excitation above a Planar Interface Between Two Isorefractive Half Spaces." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i4.1195.

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A solution to the problem of scattering from a perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) circular cylinder buried inside a half-space and excited by an infinite electric line source is provided. The line source is parallel to the cylinder axis, and is located in the other half-space. The two half spaces are isorefractive to each other. The source fields when incident at the planar interface separating the two half spaces, generate fields that are transmitted into the half-space where the cylinder is. These fields then become the known basic incident fields for the buried PEMC cylinder. Scattering of these incidents fields by the cylinder will consequently generate fields at the interface that get reflected back into the same half-space and transmitted frontward into the source half-space, all of which are unknown. Imposing appropriate boundary conditions at the surface of the buried cylinder and at a specified point on the interface, enables the evaluation of these unknown fields. The refection coefficient at the specified point is then computed for cylinders of different sizes, to demonstrate how it varies with the PEMC admittance of the buried cylinder, the intrinsic impedance ratio of the two isorefractive half-spaces, and the burial depth of the cylinder.

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Kawakami, Shinya, Tomohito Takubo, Kenichi Ohara, Yasushi Mae, and Tatsuo Arai. "Image Information Added Map Making Interface for Compensating Image Resolution." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 3 (June 20, 2012): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0507.

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We propose an image information added map to create an intuitive interface to explore unknown environments using pictures. The proposed map contains a good picture for each mapped object. The shooting angle and position for the picture are defined by the required resolution of the image, the camera specifications and the object’s shape. The appearance from a desired direction can be confirmed intuitively by referring to the shooting vector for the object. To make the proposed map, high quality image information should be acquired on its definition. We developed a tool for making the map and tested its effectiveness in an experiment.

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Jie, Dang Yang, Feng Lei Ni, Yi Song Tan, Hong Liu, and He Gao Cai. "Equivalent Capture Strategy for a Space Netting Interface." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3086.

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During space capture process, because of the joints flexibility and the distortion of long tubular booms, high precision tracking and positioning performance of large space manipulator can hardly be achieved. As a result, it is difficult to realize successful capture. To solve this problem, a typical kind of netting interface fit for space capture application is introduced to improve the capture ability of the end effecter. Moreover, an equivalent capture strategy is put forward to avoid the complicate modeling problem of the unknown correcting force that acts on the grapple of the target during capture process. The proposed strategy makes the complicate capture problem to be a simple position tracking problem, thus capture can be achieved even a relative velocity exit between the end effecter and the target. Experiments show that the proposed strategy can improve the autonomous capture ability of the large end effecter.

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Chlup, Zdeněk, Ivo Dlouhý, Selen Gürbüz, Arcan F. Dericioglu, and Vladislav Kozák. "Interfacial Characterisation in Transparent Spinel Matrix Reinforced by SiC Fibre." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.252.

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The behaviour of a propagating crack when an interface is present is a key feature in composite materials. This interaction usually predetermines final fracture behaviour of the material. In case of ceramic based composites (particle, fibre reinforced, laminates etc.) knowledge about properties of the interface and/or interlayer is usually unknown due to difficulties associated with their experimental determination. The aim of this work is to indicate a possible way for the determination of interface characteristics suitable as inputs for numerical calculations. The introduced testing methodology was tested on spinel composite ceramics reinforced by unidirectional SiC fibre. The adopted method for fracture toughness determination is using a chevron notch technique. Additionally, fractographical techniques were used when interpreting the measured values.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interface unknown'

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