Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interface terre/eau'
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Letard, Mathilde. "Environnemental knowledge extraction from topo-bathymetric lidar : machine learning and deep neural networds for point clouds and waveforms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB072.
Land-water interfaces face escalating threats from climate change and human activities, necessitating systematic observation to comprehend and effectively address these challenges. Nevertheless, constraints associated with the presence of water hinder the uninterrupted observation of submerged and emerged areas. Topo-bathymetric lidar remote sensing emerges as a suitable solution, ensuring a continuous representation of landwater zones through 3D point clouds and 1D waveforms. However, fully harnessing the potential of this data requires tools specifically crafted to address its unique characteristics. This thesis introduces methodologies for extracting environmental knowledge from topobathymetric lidar surveys. Initially, we introduce methods for classifying land and seabed covers using bi-spectral point clouds or waveform features. Subsequently, we employ deep neural networks for semantic segmentation, component detection and classification, and the estimation of water physical parameters based on bathymetric waveforms. Leveraging radiative transfer models, these approaches alleviate the need for manual waveform labeling, thereby enhancing waveform processing in challenging settings like extremely shallow or turbid waters
Carrillo-Avila, Eugenio. "Modélisation des transferts hydriques dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : application à la plaine de la Bièvre (Isère)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10026.
Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro. "Physics of natural nanoparticles - water interfaces: chemical reactivity and environmental implications." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771937.
Bertin, Clément. "The role of the Mackenzie River in the carbon biogeochemistry of the Beaufort Sea coastal waters (Arctic Ocean)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS007.
About 10 % of atmospheric carbon dioxide is sequestered in the ocean above 60°N, half of which is in coastal seas where 10 % of the global riverine freshwater volume flows in. Five of the world’s largest rivers convey in the Arctic Ocean (AO) huge quantities of dissolved carbon in the organic (DOC) and inorganic (DIC) form. The response of the coastal ocean to this supply is still highly uncertain, which makes the assessment of air-sea CO2fluxes challenging in this remote region. It is thus timely to gain a better understanding of the impact of terrestrial carbon released by watersheds on air-sea CO2 fluxes in Arctic rivers plumes, especially in a context of global warming. In the present PhD thesis, the ECCO-Darwin ocean-sea ice-biogeochemical model is used to investigate the synoptic to interannual response of the South eastern Beaufort Sea (Western AO) to the Mackenzie River’s carbon exports. The model includes the very first daily terrestrial DOC (tDOC) runoff forcing estimated through merging riverine in situ measurements and coastal remotely sensed data at three major delta outlets, over the last two decades (2000-2019). We find that interannual variability in river discharge modulates localized air-sea CO2flux in the coastal plume with riverine DIC contributing twice as much as riverine DOC to CO2 outgassing. As current knowledge on tDOC remineralization in Arctic plume regions is still uncertain, the range of air-sea CO2 flux variability due to microbial remineralization is estimated to ±0.39 TgC yr−1 in 2009. Other biophysical processes also contribute to the high CO2 flux variability, such as tDOC flocculation (+0.14 TgC yr−1 in gassing) and enhanced plume stratification (+0.35 TgC yr−1 outgassing). To conclude, the work presented here intends to pave the way toward a better representation of the land-to-ocean continuum (LOAC) in regional Arctic models with the aim to improve the simulated carbon cycle in rapidly changing Arctic watersheds and coastal seas
Gaillard, Jean-François. "Quelques processus geochimiques lies a la diagenese precoce." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077205.
Tran, Thu Tam. "Modélisation numérique de l'interaction houle-courant-sédiment." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10210.
Thomas, Pierre. "Estimation des comportements des interfaces air-eau et eau-sol dans un estuaire externe amenage." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2063.
Preiss, Nicolas. "Etude du 210Pb d'origine atmosphérique dans l'air, la neige, les sols et les sédiments : mesures, inventaires et interprétation à l'échelle globale." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765239.
Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine. "Echanges de matiere organique a l'interface air-mer." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066212.
Stéphanie, Singla. "Prévisibilité des ressources en eau à l'échelle saisonnière en France." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798280.
Pouvreau, Maxime. "Amélioration d'un champ de force pour la description des bordures de particules argileuses." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0291/document.
The CLAYFF force field is widely used to model the interfaces of clay minerals – and related layered materials – with an aqueous phase. In the simulations, clay particles are typically represented by semi-infinite layers, i.e. only surfaces parallel to the layer plane (basal surfaces) are considered. This simplification is acceptable to a certain extent, but clay layers are really nanosized and terminated by lateral surfaces or edges. These surfaces can not only adsorb solvated species but are also subject to proton transfers, and all physico-chemical processes related to the aqueous phase acidity predominantly occur at the edges. By adding to the CLAYFF force field a Metal-O‑H angle bending term whose parameters are correctly adjusted, the simulations of edge interfaces become possible.The parameters of Al-O‑H and Mg-O‑H terms were obtained from DFT calculations on bulk, basal surface and edge structural models of gibbsite Al(OH)3 and brucite Mg(OH)2, whose layers can be considered as the backbones of clay minerals and related materials. In addition, the Si-O‑H term was parametrized from an edge model of kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 . Molecular dynamics simulations based on DFT and on CLAYFF with and without Metal-O‑H term were performed. The modified force field clearly improves the description of hydroxylated surfaces : the orientation and the librational dynamics of the hydroxyl groups, the hydrogen bonding, and the coordination of metal atoms belonging to the edge are all closer to reality
Lacan, F. "Les isotopes du fer en tant que traceur des cycles biogéochimiques dans l'océan et à ses interfaces." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848295.
Netto, André Maciel. "Transfert d'eau et de solutés dans un sol agricole hétérogène : analyse de différents types de mesures, de la variabilité spatiale et modélisation monodimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801928.
Hakoun, Vivien. "Développement d'une sonde aquatique autonome pour la cartographie des drains karstiques noyés. Simulation des écoulements par une approche couplée drains discrets - double porosité." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067700.
Jougnot, Damien. "Étude géophysique des phénomènes de transfert dans les argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien partiellement saturées en eau : application à l'EDZ du site de Bure." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720664.