Journal articles: 'Interface phenomenon'

1

Agrawal, S. "Bubble dynamics and interface phenomenon." Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 3 (March 31, 2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jetr2013.0297.

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Dai, Jinghang, and Zhiting Tian. "Nanoscale thermal interface rectification in the quantum regime." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 12 (March 20, 2023): 122204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143038.

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To enable the on-demand control of heat flow for sustainable energy solutions, we have been longing for functional thermal components at the nanoscale, in analogue to electronic diodes and transistors. Understanding and discovering fundamental mechanisms that drive thermal rectification are critical to advancing this field. Different mechanisms have been proposed for thermal rectification effects in the classical regime. Using anharmonic atomistic Green's function, we discovered a thermal rectification phenomenon in the quantum regime for nanometer-thick three-dimensional solid interfaces. We found that the anharmonic phonon scatterings across the interface act on the temperature-dependent phonon populations on both sides of the interface, generating the necessary nonlinearity to achieve thermal rectification. This intrinsic thermal interface rectification is a universal phenomenon that can be observed and engineered for nanoscale interfaces.

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ROJAS, RENÉ G., RICARDO G. ELÍAS, and MARCEL G. CLERC. "DYNAMICS OF AN INTERFACE CONNECTING A STRIPE PATTERN AND A UNIFORM STATE: AMENDED NEWELL–WHITEHEAD–SEGEL EQUATION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 08 (August 2009): 2801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409024499.

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The dynamics of an interface connecting a stationary stripe pattern with a homogeneous state is studied. The conventional approach which describes this interface, Newell–Whitehead–Segel amplitude equation, does not account for the rich dynamics exhibited by these interfaces. By amending this amplitude equation with a nonresonate term, we can describe this interface and its dynamics in a unified manner. This model exhibits a rich and complex transversal dynamics at the interface, including front propagations, transversal patterns, locking phenomenon, and transversal localized structures.

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Habert, J., T. Machej, and T. Czeppe. "The phenomenon of wetting at solid/solid interface." Surface Science Letters 151, no. 1 (March 1985): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(85)90633-4.

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Haber, J., T. Machej, and T. Czeppe. "The phenomenon of wetting at solid/solid interface." Surface Science 151, no. 1 (March 1985): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(85)90468-6.

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Rezaee, Nastaran, John Aunna, and Jamal Naser. "Marangoni Flow Investigation in Foam Fractionation Phenomenon." Fluids 8, no. 7 (July 18, 2023): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids8070209.

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In this study, a numerical investigation of the Marangoni flow in foam fractionation was conducted, with a specific focus on the film of micro-foams in both the interior and exterior regions. A three-dimensional node–film–plateau border system was employed to model the system, utilizing time-dependent mass conservation equations. The study emphasized the influence of the surfactant concentration in the foam fractionation column and the mobility of the air–liquid interface on the Marangoni velocity within the film. The results indicated that higher surfactant concentration in the reflux column resulted in a significant increase in Marangoni velocities. Furthermore, a mobile interface enhanced the Marangoni flow, whereas a rigid interface reduced its intensity. The behaviour of the Marangoni flow was explored in both interior and exterior foams, revealing distinct characteristics. The presence of a wall in the exterior foam altered the flow dynamics, leading to a reduced Marangoni velocity compared to interior films.

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Yin, Lan, S. Balaji, and S. Seetharaman. "Effects of Nickel on Interface Morphology during Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Ni Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.318.

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Steel produced in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) contain a high amount of copper that causes a detrimental surface cracking phenomenon called hot shortness. Studies have found that nickel can alleviate hot shortness by increasing copper solubility in the Fe phase, decreasing oxidation rate and promoting occlusion [1-3]. Occlusion is a phenomenon whereby the copper-rich phase becomes incorporated into iron oxides. Nickel promotes occlusion by causing an uneven interface and increasing the number of internal oxides. The uneven interface is likely a result of the two concentration fields resulting from ternary diffusion of nickel, copper and iron in the Fe phase. This work is aimed at explaining why nickel causes wavy oxide/liquid-Cu and liquid-Cu/Fe interfaces. Constitutional super-saturation criterion [4] was applied to explain uneven interfaces caused by nickel. A model simulating diffusion behaviors of copper and nickel in Fe was developed by coupling Comsol Multiphysics® and Matlab®. Interface concentrations of copper and nickel and perturbation criterion values were calculated as a function of time. Modeling results show that (i) the nickel interface concentration first increases to a peak value then decreases slowly during oxidation process as a result of the change in oxidation rates, and (ii) the alloys with higher nickel contents have more potential for interface breakdown and this occurs within the initial linear oxidation regime.

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Fujii, Nobutoshi, Shunsuke Furuse, Hirotaka Yoshioka, Naoki Ogawa, Taichi Yamada, Takaaki Hirano, Suguru Saito, Yoshiya Hagimoto, and Hayato Iwamoto. "(Invited) Bonding Strength of Cu-Cu Hybrid Bonding for 3D Integration Process." ECS Transactions 112, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11203.0003ecst.

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Cu-Cu hybrid bonding is a significant technology for fabricating 3D stacked semiconductor devices. In hybrid bonding, the calculation of bonding strength is complex due to the various materials present in the bonding interface. This interface not only includes Cu/Cu and dielectric/dielectric interfaces, but also the Cu/dielectric interface because of the misalignment of Cu pads. In this study, we developed an integrated model regarding total bonding strength, considering the different interfaces. Additionally, considering the thermal expansion of Cu pads, we demonstrated the dependence of bonding strength on misalignment using simulations. At the dielectric/dielectric bonding interface, a phenomenon was observed, in which the H2O contained in the dielectric enhanced the bonding strength. We proposed a model for the increase of the bonding strength by filling the bonding interface gap with thermally expanded dielectrics. These results provide understanding regarding a part of the mechanism involved in bonding strength in Cu-Cu hybrid bonding.

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9

Korpan, Lidiya. "Cultural Phenomenon Attributes in the Graphic User Interface Design." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 7. Filosofiya. Sociologiya i socialnye tehnologii, no. 1 (May 2016): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu7.2016.1.17.

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10

Kushwaha, R. L., and J. Shen. "Numeric Simulation of Friction Phenomenon at Soil-Tool Interface." Tribology Transactions 38, no. 2 (January 1995): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009508983424.

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11

Weygand, D., Y. Bréchet, and Z. Néda. "Capillarity-driven interface dynamics: Application to grain growth phenomenon." Philosophical Magazine B 75, no. 6 (June 1997): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819708205718.

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12

Yawar, Abbas, Mi Ra Park, Quanli Hu, Woo Jin Song, Tae-Sik Yoon, Young Jin Choi, and Chi Jung Kang. "Investigation of Switching Phenomenon in Metal-Tantalum Oxide Interface." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 7564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.11133.

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To investigate the nature of the switching phenomenon at the metal-tantalum oxide interface, we fabricated a memory device in which a tantalum oxide amorphous layer acted as a switching medium. Different metals were deposited on top of the tantalum oxide layer to ensure that they will react with some of the oxygen contents already present in the amorphous layer of the tantalum oxide. This will cause the formation of metal oxide (MOx) at the interface. Two devices with Ti and Cu as the top electrodes were fabricated for this purpose. Both devices showed bipolar switching characteristics. The SET and RESET voltages for the Ti top electrode device were ∼+1.7 V and ∼−2 V, respectively, whereas the SET and RESET voltages for the Cu top electrode device were ∼+0.9 V and ∼−0.9 V, respectively. In the high-resistance state (HRS) conduction, the mechanisms involved in the devices with Ti and Cu top electrodes were space-charge limited conduction (SCLC) and ohmic, respectively. On the other hand, in the low-resistance state (LRS), the Ti top electrode device undergoes SCLC at a high voltage and ohmic conduction at a low voltage, and the Cu top electrode again undergoes ohmic conduction. From the consecutive sweep cycles, it was observed that the SET voltage gradually decreased with the sweeps for the Cu top electrode device, whereas for the Ti top electrode device, the set voltage did not vary with the sweeps.

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13

Toko, Kiyoshi, Kenichi Yoshikawa, Masaru Tsukiji, Masaaki Nosaka, and Kaoru Yamafuji. "On the oscillatory phenomenon in an oil/water interface." Biophysical Chemistry 22, no. 3 (August 1985): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4622(85)80037-5.

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14

KAMESUI, Go, and Hisayoshi MATSUSHIMA. "Study of Electrode Interface Phenomenon by Laser Interference Microscope." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 73, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.73.343.

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15

Bhargava, Rohit, Shi-Qing Wang, and Jack L. Koenig. "FT-IR Imaging of the Interface in Multicomponent Systems Using Optical Effects Induced by Differences in Refractive Index." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 3 (March 1998): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943653.

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For phase-separated multicomponent polymeric systems, characterization of the interface between the components is particularly challenging. We have observed an optical effect in the infrared that can be used to image the interface specifically. This method yields images of the interfaces based on the interfaces showing apparent absorption arising from changes in refractive index at frequencies far from the specific frequencies associated with the components of the mixture. This method has been applied to multicomponent samples of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals where the nature of the interface can be specifically altered by the application of an electric potential across the sample. Effects of this optical phenomenon on spectra from such multicomponent systems are discussed, and factors that complicate quantitative analysis of data from interfacial regions have been pointed out.

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16

Onofrei, Daniel, and Andrew E. Thaler. "Anomalous Localized Resonance Phenomena in the Nonmagnetic, Finite-Frequency Regime." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2016 (2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4156072.

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The phenomenon of anomalous localized resonance (ALR) is observed at the interface between materials with positive and negative material parameters and is characterized by the fact that when a given source is placed near the interface, the electric and magnetic fields start to have very fast and large oscillations around the interface as the absorption in the materials becomes very small while they remain smooth and regular away from the interface. In this paper, we discuss the phenomenon of anomalous localized resonance (ALR) in the context of an infinite slab of homogeneous, nonmagnetic material (μ=1) with permittivityϵs=-1-iδfor some small lossδ≪1surrounded by positive, nonmagnetic, homogeneous media. We explicitly characterize the limit value of the product between frequency and the width of slab beyond which the ALR phenomenon does not occur and analyze the situation when the phenomenon is observed. In addition, we also construct sources for which the ALR phenomenon never appears.

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17

Char, K. "Crystal Interface Engineering in High Tc Oxides." MRS Bulletin 19, no. 9 (September 1994): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400047990.

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Interfaces between metal oxides have not been studied as extensively as metal or semiconductor interfaces. Even in magnetic metallic systems, new phenomena are still being discovered, such as giant magnetoresistance, which has been attributed to an interface phenomenon. As general interest in metal oxides increases, researchers are studying a large variety of heterostructures consisting of superconducting oxides, conducting oxides, ferroelectric oxides, magnetic oxides, and optical oxides. As the complexity and level of integration increase, scientists need a better understanding of the interfaces in metal oxide systems. For example, interface issues in grain boundaries in high Tc oxides and in Josephson junctions of the superconductor/normal material/superconductor (SNS) type have been identified as important technological barriers. In heterostructures based on ferroelectric materials, fatigue problems are believed to be associated with the interface between the conducting electrodes and the ferroelectric metal oxides, and with grain boundaries in the ferroelectric materials.In this article we will focus on the interface issues related to YBCO superconductors. We will describe interface phenomena observed in several systems, such as YBCO/metal contacts, YBCO/YBCO grain boundaries, and YBCO/epitaxial metal oxides. From their seemingly universal behavior, we will try to identify the origin of the interface phenomena and will describe some recent efforts to control such phenomena.

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18

MIHAILOVIĆ, DRAGUTIN T., and GORDAN MIMIĆ. "KOLMOGOROV COMPLEXITY AND CHAOTIC PHENOMENON IN COMPUTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACE TEMPERATURE." Modern Physics Letters B 26, no. 27 (September 24, 2012): 1250175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984912501758.

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In this paper, we consider the chaotic phenomenon and Kolomogorov complexity in computing the environmental interface temperature. First, the environmental interface is defined in the context of the complex system, in particular for autonomous dynamical systems. Then we consider the following issues in modeling procedure: (i) how to replace given differential equations by appropriate difference equations in modeling of phenomena in the environmental world? (ii) whether a mathematically correct solution to the corresponding differential equation or system of equations is always physically possible and (iii) phenomenon of chaos in autonomous dynamical systems in environmental problems, in particular in solving the energy balance equation to calculate environmental interface temperature. The difference form of this equation for computing the environmental interface temperature is discussed and analyzed depending on parameters of equation, using the Lyapunov exponent and sample entropy. Finally, the Kolmogorov complexity of time series obtained from this difference equation is analyzed.

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19

Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Nozomi Nakanishi, Rei Takei, Hiroyuki Fukuda, and Junko Umeda. "Evaluation of Initial Corrosion Phenomenon of Magnesium Alloys by SKPFM." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.397.

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Magnesium (Mg) has the lowest standard electrode potential in structural materials, and then it easily corroded for that property contacting with other metals. The corrosion resistance of Mg alloys was generally investigated by conducting saltwater immersion test, salt spray test, and electrochemical corrosion test. However, these tests give only macroscopic information but don’t give microscopic (i.e. galvanic corrosion at the interface). So, the origin of galvanic corrosion at the interface between dispersoids and a-Mg in Mg alloys was investigated for fundamental clarification. In this paper, the surface potential difference (VSPD) at the interface between dispersoids and a-Mg using AZ91D Mg alloy is measured by using Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (SKPFM). Surface potential of pure metals measured by SKPFM had good correlation with standard electrode potential (SEP), and then VSPD also positively correlated with difference of SEP. Salt water immersion test was conducted using AZ91D in order to compare VSPD with corrosion phenomenon. Topographic map around the interface between dispersoids and a-Mg was measured by using AFM after corrosion test. Corroded phase corresponded to the anodic phase indicated by surface potential.

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Chien, F. R., S. R. Nutt, J. M. Carulli, N. Buchan, C. P. Beetz, and W. S. Yoo. "Heteroepitaxial growth of β'-SiC films on TiC substrates: Interface structures and defects." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 8 (August 1994): 2086–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2086.

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Thin epitaxial films of β-SiC were grown by CVD on (100), (111), and (112) TiC substrates. TEM observations of the resulting interfaces revealed that island nucleation prevailed in the early stages of deposition for all three substrate orientations. Films grown on (111) and (112) TiC were monocrystalline, while SiC films deposited on (100) substrates were polycrystalline and not epitaxial, a phenomenon attributed to the poor match of atomic positions in SiC and TiC on their respective (100) planes. The (111) interface was abrupt and atomically flat, while the (112) interface exhibited {111} facets and steps. Simulated images of the stable (111) interface were calculated based on several possible atomic configurations, and the atomic structure of the interface was deduced from comparisons between the simulated images and phase-contrast TEM images.

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21

Liu, Peng, Hong Gui Guo, Jian Ping Jiang, and Bai Lian Sun. "Research on Oxygen Embrittlement Phenomenon of Interface of Titanium/Steel Explosive Welding Laminates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2276.

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Optical metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry was operated to the interface of titanium/steel laminates manufactured by explosive welding. Brittle Ti-Fe-O layer was found at the interface of titanium/steel laminates, and microcosmic crack was found perpendicular to the interface of titanium/steel laminates in the brittle Ti-Fe-O layer. The reason for the emergence of brittle Ti-Fe-O layer was analysed.

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Chanthaphan, Atthawut, Takuji Hosoi, Yuki Nakano, Takashi Nakamura, Takayoshi Shimura, and Heiji Watanabe. "Degradation of SiO₂/SiC Interface Properties due to Mobile Ions Intrinsically Generated by High-Temperature Hydrogen Annealing." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.541.

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The impact of mobile ions intrinsically generated in thermally grown SiO2by high-temperature forming gas annealing (FGA) on the SiO2/4H-SiC interface properties was studied by means of electrical characterization of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. Unlike Si devices, mobile ions located at the interfaces were found to cause a remarkable stretch-out of capacitance-voltage (C-V) curve near the accumulation condition, and the degree of stretch-out was more pronounced with increasing probe frequency. This suggests that the interface states with a long emission time constant are formed near the conduction band edge due to the mobile ions. To clarify this unusual phenomenon, several characterization techniques to evaluate interface state densities (Dit), including Terman, conductance, and C-ψsmethods, were employed. The Ditvalues estimated for SiO2/SiC interfaces with mobile ions were a few times as large as those without mobile ions.

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Shim, Jee-Soo, Dong-Hyun Go, and Hyeon-Gyu Beom. "Effects of Geometric and Crystallographic Factors on the Reliability of Al/Si Vertically Cracked Nanofilm/Substrate Systems." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133570.

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In this study, tensile tests on aluminum/silicon vertically cracked nanofilm/substrate systems were performed using atomistic simulations. Various crystallographic orientations and thicknesses of the aluminum nanofilms were considered to analyze the effects of these factors on the reliability of the nanofilm/substrate systems. The results show that systems with some specific crystallographic orientations have lower reliability compared to the other orientations because of the penetration of the vertical crack into the silicon substrate. This penetration phenomenon occurring in a specific model is related to a high coincidence of atomic matching between the interfaces in the model. This high coincidence leads to a tendency of the interface to maintain a coherent form in which the outermost silicon atoms of the substrate that are bonded to the aluminum nanofilm tend to stick with the aluminum atoms under tensile loads. This phenomenon was verified by interface energy calculations in the simulation models.

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Li, Wen, Peiyan Huang, Zhanbiao Chen, Xinyan Guo, and Bo Wu. "The shear stress reverse phenomenon in FRP sheet–concrete interface." Construction and Building Materials 344 (August 2022): 128192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128192.

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25

Johnson, Dale. "The discovery–development interface has become the new interfacial phenomenon." Drug Discovery Today 4, no. 12 (December 1999): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(99)01423-3.

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26

Fedorchenko, Sergey. "Artificial Intelligence Phenomenon: Citizen Between Digital Avatar and Political Interface." Journal of Political Research 4, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-34-57.

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The aim of the article is to study the features and technologies of artificial intelligence related to the state field and the political sphere of activity of a modern citizen. The methodological basis of the work was the principles of Case Study, comparative analysis. The SWOT analysis was used as another method. The fundamental analytical tool was the principles of the functional approach of Frank Johnson Goodnow, who shared the «state» and «political». The author came to the conclusion that digital rituals are rather contradictory elements of communication - they have both a collective and an individualistic beginning. The main digital phenomena are analyzed. First, a citizen has his own digital avatar - a virtual embodiment of a person, reflecting his image and the most significant characteristic features of his character, individual digital rituals. In addition, non-human digital avatars of the «virtual politician» and «virtual official» appear that are directly related to AI. Secondly, disparate digital avatars can absorb a political interface - a complex of collective and standardized digital rituals that an individual must adhere to if he wants to remain part of a certain political community and network communication space. Secondly, disparate digital avatars can absorb a political interface – a complex of collective and standardized digital rituals that an individual must adhere to if he wants to remain part of a certain political community and network communication space. Thanks to AI, the political interface is able to create a politically determined standardization of the communication functionality offered to users. The thesis is substantiated, according to which the introduction of AI technologies contributes more to expanding control over a citizen than increasing the volume of his political rights. A variety of AI practices in the field of state security, e-government, diplomacy and geopolitics and a relatively small number of AI cases in public policy and party work are revealed.

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Nakayama, Ken-ichi, Masahiro Hiramoto, and Masaaki Yokoyama. "Numerical Simulations of Photocurrent Multiplication Phenomenon at Organic/Metal Interface." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00094_2.

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Lu, Wei, Dong Zhao, Xiao-fei Mao, and Yu Ai. "Experimental Study on Bond-Slip Behavior of Bamboo Bolt-Modified Slurry Interface under Pull-Out Load." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (February 8, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6960285.

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This paper presents an analysis of bamboo bolt-modified slurry interfaces based on 26 in situ axial pull-out tests intended to highlight the mechanical behavior of interface under a fracture mode. Three impact factors are analyzed: anchorage length, bolt diameter, and bolt hole diameter, using the same materials of bamboo and modified slurry. The result shows that the interface between the bamboo bolt and anchoring agent is the control interface of an anchorage system, and the local behavior of the interface involves four stages: elastic, soften, friction, and decoupling. Distribution law and change trend of slippage, stress, and strain of anchoring interface along with the axial direction of an anchor bolt were analyzed. The result shows that there is effective anchoring length limit in this kind of interface, and that the complete decoupling phenomenon should not be neglected. Through a comparative analysis of the existing bond-slip model and interface bond-slip curve, and considering the correspondence of the strain-slip curve and trilinear bond-slip model simultaneously, a modified trilinear bond-slip model has been proposed. The friction section of this model is limited, and shearing stress in the complete decoupling section is zero.

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Kiryanov, Denis Aleksandrovich. "Features of the organization and classification of virtual reality interfaces." Программные системы и вычислительные методы, no. 2 (February 2022): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0714.2022.2.38214.

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The subject of the study is the features of the organization of virtual reality interfaces. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as user involvement in the virtual environment, various ways and scenarios of user interaction with virtual reality, user security in the virtual environment, as well as such a phenomenon as cyberbullying and ways to prevent it. The study also considers the use of voice control as an alternative to manual. Particular attention in this study is paid to the classification of virtual reality interfaces, among which sensory interfaces, interfaces based on user motor skills, sensorimotor interfaces, interfaces for modeling and developing virtual reality are distinguished and considered in detail. The main conclusion of the study is that the virtual reality interface should be designed taking into account the ergonomics of users to prevent muscle fatigue and cyber-pain. In addition, it is very important to ensure the user's safety when designing virtual environment interfaces: using the virtual reality interface should not lead to injury to the user. To create an ergonomic and secure virtual reality interface, a combination of different types of interfaces is often required, through which the user can access an alternative control method or improved navigation. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the description of the classification of virtual reality interfaces.

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Cao, Jiang Li, Kai Zhang, Axel Solbach, Zhen Xing Yue, Huang Hua Wang, Yu Chen, and Uwe Klemradt. "In Situ X-Ray Reflectivity Study of Imprint in Ferroelectric Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.292.

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The structural origin of imprint in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin films derived by chemical solution deposition with Pt top and bottom electrodes was studied by in-situ high-resolution X-ray specular reflectivity of synchrotron radiation. Global structural parameters of density, thickness, and surface or interface roughness of each component layer in the thin film sample were obtained. No generation of interfacial layers with a different electron density from PZT and no interface roughening were observed at the interfaces of PZT and Pt during imprint. Thus, the results suggest that the imprint effect is more likely a bulk or electronic defects-related phenomenon.

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Webler, B. A., and S. Sridhar. "Influence of Diffusion in the Underlying Metal during Oxidation of Iron Containing Small Amounts of Copper and Nickel." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.471.

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The residual element copper in recycled steels embrittles grain boundaries, causing a surface cracking phenomenon known as hot shortness. Embrittlement is caused by a copper-rich liquid phase that forms at the oxide/metal interface during steel oxidation. Another residual element, nickel, enriches along with copper and reduces hot shortness cracking. The mechanisms by which nickel affects copper enrichment behavior have not yet been adequately studied. This work examines the effects of nickel and copper on the oxidation behavior and oxide/metal interface microstructure of iron. Iron-0.3 wt% copper alloys containing 0.1 wt% nickel and 0.05 wt% nickel were compared. Pure iron was used as a reference material. Alloy samples were oxidized in air at 1150°C. The parabolic oxidation rates for both alloys were found to decrease by a factor of two from that of pure iron. Both alloys had perturbed oxide/metal interfaces consisting of alternating solid/liquid regions. The interface development is due to stabilization of perturbations in the solid/liquid interface. The interface morphology can also explain the observed decrease in oxidation rate.

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Yang, Xiong, Li Jun Zhang, and Yong Du. "Phase Field Modeling of Solute Trapping in a Al-Sn Alloy during Rapid Solidification." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.740.

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During rapid solidification, interfaces are often driven far from equilibrium and the "solute trapping" phenomenon is usually observed. Very recently, a phase field model with finite interface dissipation, in which separate kinetic equations are assigned to each phase concentration instead of an equilibrium partitioning condition, has been newly developed. By introducing the so-called interface permeability, the phase field model with finite interface dissipation can nicely describe solute trapping during solidification in the length scale of micrometer. This model was then applied to perform a phase field simulation in a Al-Sn alloy (Al-0.2 at.% Sn) during rapid solidification. A simplified linear phase diagram was constructed for providing the reliable driving force and potential information. The other thermophysical parameters, such as interface energy and diffusivities, were directly taken from the literature. As for the interface mobility, it was estimated via a kinetic relationship in the present work. According to the present phase field simulation, the interface velocity increases as temperature decreases, resulting in the enhancement of solute trapping. Moreover, the simulated solute segregation coefficients in Al-0.2 at.% Sn can nicely reproduce the experimental data.

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Balogh, Zoltán, Mohammed Reda Chellali, Patrick Stender, and Guido Schmitz. "Concentration Dependence of the Diffusion in the Ni/Cu System." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.177.

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Deviations from the Fickian-laws of diffusion in the case of concentration dependent diffusion coefficients and high composition gradients gain more and more acceptance nowadays. The cause of this phenomenon is the finite permeability of the atomic layers, or in other words “interface control”. The consequences are wide-spreading e.g. linear diffusion kinetics, deviations in the nucleation behavior of reaction products and kinetically determined interface shape in miscible alloys. Furthermore, if the original chemical interface is broader than the optimum width, even a sharpening of the interface by diffusion can be observed. Previous experiments proving these effects used more or less ideal specimens (e.g. single crystalline or amorphous samples with very flat interfaces) and some doubts can be raised whether these effects can be observed in a realistic specimen with a more complex grain structure. In this talk we will present the results of atom probe measurements on sputter deposited Ni/Cu multilayers (containing surface roughness, lattice defects, etc.). Samples with sharp and smeared Ni/Cu interfaces were produced and later annealed. We found an asymmetry on the interface width in the as-prepared specimens depending on the stacking order. After annealing this asymmetry vanished and remarkably the Cu/Ni interface sharpened by diffusion. After short diffusion time, the interface width became independent on the sample origin (sharp or smeared interface) proving the kinetic control of the interface. Atom probe tomography also allows the direct, local investigation of the grain boundary diffusion in any single grain boundaries. Surprisingly the best description of the shortcut transport can be achieved by assuming a concentration-independent grain boundary diffusion coefficient.

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Wang, W. H., and W. K. Wang. "Amorphization phenomenon in Ni/amorphous Si multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 2 (February 1994): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0401.

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Interfacial reactions of Ni/amorphous Si(a-Si) multilayers are studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous structure has been observed in as-deposited Ni/a-Si multilayers with small modulation periods. This phenomenon is suggested to be due to interdiffusion-induced solid state amorphization which is facilitated by the high density of interface in the shorter modulation period multilayers. A thermodynamic and kinetic explanation is given for this phenomenon.

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Morizono, Yasuhiro, Minoru Nishida, Yoshikazu Kodama, Takateru Yamamuro, and Yasuhide Ohno. "Surface Modification Technique Using Interfacial Reaction between Ti-Al Alloy and Steel." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1248.

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Diffusion bonding of Ti and Ti-Al (Ti-10, 20 and 40 mol%Al) alloys to high carbon steel was carried out at 1073 and 1273 K for 3.6 ks in a vacuum. It has been found that the joint with Ti-20 mol%Al alloy is separated in the vicinity of the interface promptly after the bonding treatment at 1273 K. Such a phenomenon could not be observed in other Ti-Al alloy/steel joints, and the Ti-20 mol%Al alloy/steel joint bonded at 1073 K showed a high strength of about 170 MPa. Therefore, this phenomenon depends on the bonding temperature and the composition of the Ti-Al alloys. From the observation results of the interface, it is thought that the diffusion of constituent elements across the interface is part of the reason for the separation phenomenon. The separated surface of the Ti-20 mol%Al alloy side showed diffraction peaks of TiC phase by XRD. Its Vickers hardness was about 1200 and approximately 4 times higher than that before the bonding treatment. It is expected that the separation phenomenon at the Ti-20 mol%Al alloy/steel interface serves surface modification of titanium materials, which show poor wear resistance.

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Weng, Shayuan, Xiang Chen, Xing Yue, Tao Fu, and Xianghe Peng. "Inapparent Strengthening Effect of Twin Interface in Cu/Pd Multilayered Films with a Large Lattice Mismatch." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121778.

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It has been found that there are two kinds of interfaces in a Cu/Pd multilayered film, namely, cube-on-cube and twin. However, the effects of the interfacial structure and modulation period on the mechanical properties of a Cu/Pd multilayered film remain unclear. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of Cu/Pd multilayered film with different interfaces and modulation periods under in-plane tension are performed to investigate the effects of the interfacial structure and modulation period. The interface misfit dislocation net exhibits a periodic triangular distribution, while the residual internal stress can be released through the bending of dislocation lines. With the increase of the modulation period, the maximum stress shows an upward trend, while the flow stress declines. It was found that the maximum stress and flow stress of the sample with a cube-on-cube interface is higher than that of the sample with a twin interface, which is different from the traditional cognition. This unusual phenomenon is mainly attributed to the discontinuity and unevenness of the twin boundaries caused by the extremely severe lattice mismatch.

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Li, Wen, Peiyan Huang, Zhanbiao Chen, Hangyue Cui, Xinyan Guo, and Bo Wu. "Bond–slip model considering the interface shear stress reversal phenomenon and data dispersion for FRP–concrete interface." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 268 (June 2022): 108492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108492.

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Li, Wen, Peiyan Huang, Zhanbiao Chen, Hangyue Cui, Xinyan Guo, and Bo Wu. "Bond–slip model considering the interface shear stress reversal phenomenon and data dispersion for FRP–concrete interface." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 268 (June 2022): 108492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108492.

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Fakhari, Ahmad, Željko Tukovic, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and Célio Fernandes. "An Effective Interface Tracking Method for Simulating the Extrudate Swell Phenomenon." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081305.

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The extrudate swell, i.e., the geometrical modifications that take place when the flowing material leaves the confined flow inside a channel and moves freely without the restrictions that are promoted by the walls, is a relevant phenomenon in several polymer processing techniques. For instance, in profile extrusion, the extrudate cross-section is subjected to a number of distortions that are motivated by the swell, which are very difficult to anticipate, especially for complex geometries. As happens in many industrial processes, numerical modelling might provide useful information to support design tasks, i.e., to allow for identifying the best strategy to compensate the changes promoted by the extrudate swell. This study reports the development of an improved interface tracking algorithm that employs the least-squares volume-to-point interpolation method for the grid movement. The formulation is enriched further with the consistent second-order time-accurate non-iterative Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm, which allows for efficiently simulating free-surface flows. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed solver is illustrated through the simulation of the steady planar and asymmetric extrudate swell flows of Newtonian fluids. The role of inertia on the extrudate swell is studied, and the results that are obtained with the newly improved solver show good agreement with reference data that are found in the scientific literature.

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Morizono, Yasuhiro, Yoshikazu Kodama, Takateru Yamamuro, and Minoru Nishida. "Interface Separation Phenomenon in Ti-20mol%Al Alloy/Iron Material Joints." Tetsu-to-Hagane 94, no. 7 (2008): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.94.251.

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Hiramoto, Masahiro, Kouji Suemori, and Masaaki Yokoyama. "Influence of Oxygen on Photocurrent Multiplication Phenomenon at Organic/Metal Interface." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 42, Part 1, No. 4B (April 30, 2003): 2495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.42.2495.

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Zhuang, Shengyi, and Yaodong Liu. "Interface-Controlled Thermal Rectification Phenomenon of Monolayer Graphene/Boron Nitride Heterosheet." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11, no. 22 (November 2, 2020): 9731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02993.

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Law, B. M. "Multilayer wetting phenomenon at a binary liquid-vapor interface. I. Theory." Physical Review B 32, no. 9 (November 1, 1985): 5987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.32.5987.

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Mahcene, Hocine, Nedjma Meddour, Djamel Bechki, Hamza Bouguettaia, and Hocine Ben Moussa. "Radiation Phenomenon in Electrodes/Electrolyte Interface of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Energy Procedia 50 (2014): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.06.028.

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You, Hoydoo, and Zoltán Nagy. "Applications of Synchrotron Surface X-Ray Scattering Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 1 (January 1999): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940005171x.

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Aqueous-solution/solid interfaces are ubiquitous in modern manufacturing environments as well as in our living environment, and studies of such interfaces are an active area of science and engineering research. An important area is the study of liquid/solid interfaces under active electrochemical control, which has many immediate technological implications, for example, corrosion/passivation of metals and energy storage in batteries and ultracapacitors. The central phenomenon of electrochemistry is the charge transfer at the interface, and the region of interest is usually wider than a single atomic layer, ranging from a monolayer to thousands of angstroms, extending into both phases.Despite the technological and environmental importance of liquid/solid interfaces, the atomic level understanding of such interfaces had been very much hampered by the absence of nondestructive, in situ experimental techniques. The situation has changed somewhat in recent decades with the development of the largely ex situ ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science, modern spectroscopic techniques, and modern surface microscopy.However in situ experiments of electrochemical interfaces are difficult, stemming from the special nature of these interfaces. These are so-called buried interfaces in which the solid electrode surface is covered by a relatively thick liquid layer. For this reason, the probe we use in the structural investigation must satisfy simultaneously two conditions: (1) the technique must be surface/interface sensitive, and (2) absorption of the probe in the liquid phase must be sufficiently small for penetration to and from the interface of interest without significant intensity loss.

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Dong, Xiao Li, and Lei Wang. "The Research Methods of Mechanical Characteristics on the Soil-Structure Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1107.

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There are general three kinds of means to research the mechanical properties of soil-structure interface, and they are soil-structure contact experimental studies, constitutive model and numerical calculation. Through the tests, the observation and measurement results in different experimental conditions can be obtained about soil-structure interface stress-strain characteristics, and then basing on the existing constitutive model theory researchers can put forward reasonable explanation to the phenomenon of the tests. Finally the constitutive model theory can be applied to the numerical calculation to predict and reproduce the test phenomenon, so as to fully reveal the nature of the soil-structure interface mechanical characteristics.

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Jin, Fengjie, Liang Su, Zhimin Yan, Fuxing Jiao, Yuanming Zhang, and Xiang Liu. "P‐129: The Black Spot Phenomenon and Improvement in QLED Devices." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (June 2024): 1893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17955.

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In this paper, we studied the influence of ETL (electron transporting layer)and cathode material type as well as their interface on the performance of QLED (quantum dot light emitting devices). Through our research, we found that the black spot phenomenon of QLED device is strongly related to ETL material, and the number of black spots can be greatly reduced by improve ETL. In addition, the cathode material such as Ag and Al, also show their impact on black spots; Finally, one novel double‐layer ETL structure device was developed to avoid black spot, which manifest that the interaction between ETL and the electrode interface also play an important role. The absence of black spots in inverted devices also proves this conclusion.

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Tang, Liling, and Feng Jin. "Influence of viscoelastic interfaces on power transmission through an elastic plate by finite piezoelectric transducers." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 7 (August 9, 2016): 1193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315591335.

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A finite elastic plate, partially covered by piezoelectric patches on two sides to periodically charge or recharge electronic devices operating in a sealed armor, is considered to study the effects of a viscoelastic interface on the resonant frequency, transformation ratio, efficiency, displacement and stress distributions of the structure. Based on the shear-slip model, we apply the Fourier series method to analyze the symmetric thickness-twist modes of the system containing an imperfect viscoelastic interface. An examination of the numerical results confirms the good convergence and high precision of the Fourier series method. If an appropriate thickness ratio is chosen, the energy-trapping phenomenon is well presented. The numerical results also reveal that the transformation ratio, efficiency and displacement of the system decrease for weaker interfaces, whereas the resonant frequency is not sensitive to interface damping parameters. This result could provide a theoretical guide to design high-performance piezoelectric plate transformers.

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Zhang, Si Feng, Xiu Guang Song, Yan Mei Li, and Kai Yao. "Study on the Interface Mechanical Characteristic of Geotechnical Prestressed Anchorage Bolt under Step Loading by Model Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1859.

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The development and evolution regularity of the interface shear stress for the inner bond section of geotechnical prestressed anchorage structure is directly related to the ultimate bearing capacity and its long-term durability. By adopting the similar model test and embedding the strain brick at each interfaces of inner bond section, the interface mechanical properties under step loading were systematically studied. Conclusions can be drawn as follows: the interface shear stress along the axial direction of rod is not evenly distributed, and the interface distribution shape at different radial distance from the rod axis also varies. With the gradual increase of external load, the shear stress peak point continues to move into the deep areas, and resulting in the occurrence of gradual damage mode. In the process, the peak value of shear stress also augment gradually. Along radial direction of the rod, the shear stress concentration phenomenon just distributes within a small radius around the rod body. Adopting the two stage linear function to describe the relationship of shear stress and shear displacement at contact surface is suitable.

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Surjus, Luciana Togni de Lima e. Silva, and Rosana Teresa Onocko Campos. "Interface between Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: hermeneutic review." Revista de Saúde Pública 48, no. 3 (June 2014): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004711.

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A literature review was conducted aiming to understand the interface between the Intellectual Disability and Mental Health fields and to contribute to mitigating the path of institutionalizing individuals with intellectual deficiencies. The so-called dual diagnosis phenomenon remains underestimated in Brazil but is the object of research and specific public policy internationally. This phenomenon alerts us to the prevalence of mental health problems in those with intellectual disabilities, limiting their social inclusion. The findings reinforce the importance of this theme and indicate possible diagnostic invisibility of the development of mental illness in those with intellectual disabilities in Brazil, which may contribute to sustaining psychiatric institutionalization of this population.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interface phenomenon'

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