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Academic literature on the topic 'Interface forêt-habitat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interface forêt-habitat"
Belkaid, H., and P. Carrega. "Interface habitat / forêt : enjeu et facteur de risque incendie." SHS Web of Conferences 3 (2012): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20120301003.
Full textLampin, Corinne, Marielle Jappiot, Laurent Borgniet, and Marlène Long. "Cartographie des interfaces habitat-forêt. Une approche spatiale pour estimer le risque d'incendie de forêt." Revue internationale de géomatique 16, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2006): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.16.321-340.
Full textLAMPIN-MAILLET, Corinne, Marlène LONG, and Marielle JAPPIOT. "Une méthode pour caractériser et cartographier les interfaces habitat-forêt, un enjeu pour la prévention des incendies de forêt." Revue Forestière Française, no. 3 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/19772.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interface forêt-habitat"
Meerpoel-Pietri, Karina. "Prédiction de la vulnérabilité des constructions lors des incendies à l’interface milieu naturel/constructions." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0010.
Full text“The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)”, area where houses meet wildland vegetation, rises serious problems in fire risk management due to an increase in ignition sources and the vulnerability of infrastructure. The aim was to study the vulnerability of constructions in order to define recommendations for development in surronding dwellings. Firstly, flammability of two kinds of decking slabs, by focussing on radiant exposure and firebrand attack, was studied. Radiant experiments were performed with two experimental devices. At product scale, fire performance properties highlighted that the shape of the slabs influence their ignitability. The thermpolascitcs slabs were more combustible and emitted more smoke than the wood slabs. The conditions leading to the ignition of decking slabs by firebrands were performed with wood chips with different sizes and shapes. Flaming or glowing firebrands were placed in contact with the slabs at different positions. Our study showed that glowing firebrands did not lead to slab ignition. However, slabs ignition occurred in several positions with critical mass of flaming firebrands of 0.31 g for the wooden slabs and 0.28 g for the thermoplastic ones. Secondly, the thermal stresses generated by the combustion of a hedge and its impact on the degradation of construction materials was studied with a multi-scale approach. At the laboratory scale, hedge using branches of cistus was reconstrcuted. The heat release rate, the mass loss and total and radiant heat flux were measured at 1.15 m from the hedge. The burning of the hedge exhibits a high fire growth rate (FIGRA) and a high heat released rate (HRR) showing that the hedge could significantly participate in the development of a fire at WUI. In order to get closer to actual conditions, hedge burning with a surface of (6 × 1 m²) was studied at field scale for two hedge heights (1 and 2 m). Radiative and total flux heat flux were positioned 3 m from the hedge. It has been shown that the heat flux density generated by the 2 m hedge is approximately 1.6 times greater than for the 1 m hedge. A WUI configuration was also reproduced. For this, a hedge (6 × 1 × 1 m³) was placed at the edge of a terrace made of wooden slabs and at 3 m from different types of windows (PVC and aluminum). Experiments highlighted that the heat flux density generated by the hedge was sufficient to damage the openings and the wooden terrace slabs. Finaly, WFDS code (3D CFD) was used to simulate the burning hedge at laboratory scale. Experimental results were compared with simulations. The predicted HRR, mass loss and fire front geometry were very close to the experimentale results
Pugnet, Lilian. "Vulnérabilité des interfaces habitat-forêt à l'aléa incendie de forêt. : Évaluation couplant dires d’experts et simulation physique d’exposition." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2010/document.
Full textVulnerability is not a well-known component of forest fire risk. It is usually assessed through experts’ opinions. It can be assessed more objectively after a disaster par measuring damages, if the attributes of the disaster are known. We propose a model for vulnerability assessment formulated with a multi-criteria analysis of experts’ opinions. This one is validated by using a physical model for exposure assessment. Its inputs are provided by a fire propagation model. The system is calibrated based on the analysis of damages induced by a real wildfire. Results demonstrate the consistency of a vulnerability model based on spatial variables
Fayad, Jacky. "Études numériques des feux extrêmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CORT0015.
Full textExtreme fires are characterized by their high intensity and rate of spread, which overwhelm firefighting resources. These phenomena result in increased damage, civilian and operational fatalities and disruption to ecosystems, human life and the economy. There are several types of extreme fires, including high-intensity fires, which are the main subject of this thesis. This type of fire presents a real risk, given the increase in its frequency and scale throughout the world. Consequently, it is very useful to assess the conditions of propagation that can trigger a high- intensity fire in order to be able to anticipate these phenomena. In addition, studying the behavior of a high-intensity fire (rate of spread, intensity and impact) can provide information to operational staff during the firefighting phase. The main aim of this thesis is to study the propagation of high-intensity fires by means of experimental fires carried out on a field scale on Corsican shrub species named 'Genista salzmannii'. These experiments were carried out during two periods (winter and autumn), in two different regions: North-West and South-West of Corsica, using an experimental protocol and technologies that make it possible to assess the dynamic and impact of these fires. Following the experiments, numerical studies were carried out using fully physical fire models based on a multiphase formulation, FireStar2D and 3D, in order to test the relevance of these propagation models in predicting the behavior of these experimental fires. The different numerical results obtained for the three terrain configurations chosen were in agreement with the experimental results. This shows that these models can be used to study other configurations without necessarily having to resort to experiments. The fire campaigns carried out were representative of high-intensity fires that occurred despite marginal propagation conditions related to low wind speeds, high fuel moisture content and relative air humidity. These experiments can also provide detailed observations, as well as input data that can be used in modelling, given that carrying out such experiments is not easy and is always subject to difficulties and constraints. The second part of the research focused on a numerical study of a "critical case" of a high- intensity fire. This fire was studied using several empirical approaches, fully physical models found in the literature, in particular FireStar2D and 3D and the simplified physical Balbi model. Several parameters were evaluated using the different approaches, including the rate of spread, the intensity of the flame front, the geometry of the front and of the flame (length and tilting). The main aim of this study was to assess not only the behavior but also the impact of this high-intensity fire on two different targets: the human body and a four level building. This made it possible to establish correlations between the total heat fluxes received by the targets as a function of their position in front of the fire. The aim was to assess the safety distance around wildland urban interfaces by considering the maximum tolerable value of thermal heat flux that can be received by the target without causing damage. The safety distances assessed using this methodology, for a firefighter and a building, are less than 50 meters. This confirms, for this configuration, the effectiveness of the value of the safety distance around buildings, set by operational experts and assumed to be equal to a minimum of 50 m in France
Lampin-Maillet, Corinne. "Caractérisation de la relation entre organisation spatiale d'un territoire et risque d'incendie : le cas des interfaces habitat-forêt du sud de la France." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10036.
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