Journal articles: 'Interface engineering techniques'

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Chao, Betty P. "Managing User Interface Design using Concurrent Engineering." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 4 (October 1993): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700407.

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A well-designed user interface is recognized as a benchmark for determining the success of a software product. The proliferation of user interface design guidelines, standards, prototyping tools, and techniques are indicative of the importance placed on quality user interfaces. However, even with the availability of the latest information, tools, and human factors practitioners to software developers, sub-optimal interfaces may result. This is because within a large multidisciplinary software design team, issues such as communication, responsibilities, and cost and schedule constraints may override the usability issues. This paper describes the implementation of concurrent engineering, used to successfully develop user interfaces for a large, complex system. Success is expressed in terms of quality and consistent user interfaces, positive influence of human factors on software development, and customer satisfaction.

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Holze, Rudolf. "Electrochemical Interfaces: Modern Techniques for In-Situ Interface Characterisation." Electrochimica Acta 37, no. 8 (June 1992): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)87023-s.

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Waters, Robert M. "Use of Structured Development Techniques to Specify the User-System Interface." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 12 (September 1987): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703101227.

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The Human Factors Engineering products from the systems requirements phase of system development were transformed into techniques consistent with structured software development techniques. These techniques supported definition of the mission functions with the context diagram, the task list was compatible with the event list, and high level functional flow diagrams are consistent with the structured data flow diagrams. In addition, the sequenced task analysis procedures used provided a structured diagraming methodology in state transition diagrams. This technique provided a method for defining MMI requirements in software engineering terminology.

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Dwyer-Joyce, R. S. "The Application of Ultrasonic NDT Techniques in Tribology." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 219, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x9763.

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The use of ultrasonic reflection is emerging as a technique for studying tribological contacts. Ultrasonic waves can be transmitted non-destructively through machine components and their behaviour at an interface describes the characteristics of that contact. This paper is a review of the current state of understanding of the mechanisms of ultrasonic reflection at interfaces, and how this has been used to investigate the processes of dry rough surface contact and lubricated contact. The review extends to cover how ultrasound has been used to study the tribological function of certain engineering machine elements.

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KAWAI, Satoru. "User interface techniques in computer systems." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 55, no. 3 (1989): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.55.466.

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Torres, R. J. (Bob), Michael P. Heck, James R. Rudd, and John F. (Jeff) Kelley. "Usability Engineering: A Consultant's View of Best Practices and Proven Results." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 16, no. 2 (April 2008): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/106480407x312392.

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( Part 1 of this three-part series on Best Practices appeared in the winter 2007 issue.) The IBM Global Services Usability Engineering National Practice (UENP) group has focused on the application of industry-based, user-centered design (UCD) best practice techniques and principles to solve user interface and usability problems in a variety of industry contexts. UCD techniques and principles have been applied across different industries, application domains, and user interface styles. We have learned valuable lessons with regard to consistent and effective use of a rigorous, proven, and repeatable design process in system and Internet projects. The use of our design process results in cost-effective solutions for satisfied customer users. Although the findings generally apply to many styles of user interfaces and systems, this article shares some of our lessons, experiences, best practices, and results with a focus on recent Web-based projects.

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You, Hoydoo, and Zoltán Nagy. "Applications of Synchrotron Surface X-Ray Scattering Studies of Electrochemical Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 1 (January 1999): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940005171x.

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Aqueous-solution/solid interfaces are ubiquitous in modern manufacturing environments as well as in our living environment, and studies of such interfaces are an active area of science and engineering research. An important area is the study of liquid/solid interfaces under active electrochemical control, which has many immediate technological implications, for example, corrosion/passivation of metals and energy storage in batteries and ultracapacitors. The central phenomenon of electrochemistry is the charge transfer at the interface, and the region of interest is usually wider than a single atomic layer, ranging from a monolayer to thousands of angstroms, extending into both phases.Despite the technological and environmental importance of liquid/solid interfaces, the atomic level understanding of such interfaces had been very much hampered by the absence of nondestructive, in situ experimental techniques. The situation has changed somewhat in recent decades with the development of the largely ex situ ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science, modern spectroscopic techniques, and modern surface microscopy.However in situ experiments of electrochemical interfaces are difficult, stemming from the special nature of these interfaces. These are so-called buried interfaces in which the solid electrode surface is covered by a relatively thick liquid layer. For this reason, the probe we use in the structural investigation must satisfy simultaneously two conditions: (1) the technique must be surface/interface sensitive, and (2) absorption of the probe in the liquid phase must be sufficiently small for penetration to and from the interface of interest without significant intensity loss.

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Tezduyar, Tayfun E. "Interface-tracking and interface-capturing techniques for finite element computation of moving boundaries and interfaces." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 195, no. 23-24 (April 2006): 2983–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2004.09.018.

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Sundararaman, Chetlur S., and John F. Currie. "Fabrication of novel self-aligned metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistors (MISFETs) on InP by a S interface engineering technique." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1992): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-166.

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In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that self-aligned metal insulator semiconductor field effect transistors (MISFETs) can be realized on InP by incorporating an effective surface passivation technique in the fabrication process. A chemical sulfur treatment is used to passivate the InP – indirect plasma silicon nitride interface that results in interface state densities (Dit) in the low 1011/cm2 eV. It is observed that while passivated self-aligned MISFETs subjected to post-passivation high-temperature process cycles up to 700 °C exhibit acceptable transistor characteristics, unpassivated MISFETs using the same process do not show any transistor action. The passivation procedure has been successfully used to demonstrate for the first time a self-aligned InP–InGaAs–InP heterojunction insulated gate FET. We conclude from this work that interface engineering techniques like the one used in this study would be essential to realize and (or) improve the performance of self-aligned FET structures based on InP. The fabrication process described here can be directly applied to similar interface engineering techniques.

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Zhao, Yang. "Interface Engineering and Understanding for the Next-Generation Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01175mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most widely used energy storage systems for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. With the increasing requirements of high energy density, next-generation batteries, including Li-metal batteries, Na-metal batteries and solid-state batteries, have received huge attention in recent years. For most batteries, the interfacial issues between the electrolyte (both liquid and solid) and electrodes are critical factors affecting the performance of the batteries. Atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) are considered as ideal strategies for overcoming the interfacial issues for the batteries. In this talk, I will introduce our research about interface engineering and understanding for next-generation batteries. i) The interface is one of the key factors for the Li and Na deposition behaviors and battery performances. We developed ALD and MLD approaches to fabricate the artificial interface with significantly improved electrochemical performances and reduced dendrite formation for Li/Na metal anodes. ii) We further design different ALD/MLD thin films to stabilize the interfaces for solid-state Li batteries. iii) We have also developed ex-situ and in-situ synchrotron X-ray techniques for next-generation batteries.

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do Nascimento Santos, M. J., J. M. P. Q. Delgado, and A. G. Barbosa de Lima. "Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding Technique: Foundations and Engineering Applications." Diffusion Foundations 14 (December 2017): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.14.21.

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This chapter focuses on the manufacturing of polymer composites reinforced by synthetic fiber with emphasis to the resin transfer molding technique (RTM). Herein, different related topics to foundations, classification, constituents and technological applications of polymer composites are presented. The problems associated to reinforcement and matrix interface and the manufacturing techniques of polymer composites are discussed. The study confirms RTM technique as a highly efficient process as compared with other manufacturing techniques of polymer composites.

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Chen, Junjie, Xuhui Gao, and Deguang Xu. "Recent Advances in Characterization Techniques for the Interface in Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5268267.

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The current state of characterization techniques for the interface in carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Different types of interfaces that exist within the nanocomposites are summarized, and current efforts focused on understanding the interfacial properties and interactions are reviewed. The emerging trends in characterization techniques and methodologies for the interface are presented, and their strengths and limitations are summarized. The intrinsic mechanism of the interactions at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix is discussed. Special attention is given to research efforts focused on chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The benefits and disadvantages associated with covalent and noncovalent functionalization methods are evaluated, respectively. Various techniques used to characterize the properties of the interface are extensively reviewed. How the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites depend on the physical and chemical nature of the interface is also discussed. Better understanding and design of the interface at the atomic level could become the forefront of research in the polymer community. Potential problems going to be solved are finally highlighted.

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Sanders, J. E. "Interface mechanics in external prosthetics: review of interface stress measurement techniques." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 33, no. 4 (July 1995): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02522507.

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Wang, Wanlong, Dongyang Zhang, Rong Liu, Deepak Thrithamarassery Gangadharan, Furui Tan, and Makhsud I. Saidaminov. "Characterization of interfaces: Lessons from the past for the future of perovskite solar cells." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 051202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/5/051202.

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Abstract A photovoltaic technology historically goes through two major steps to evolve into a mature technology. The first step involves advances in materials and is usually accompanied by the rapid improvement of power conversion efficiency. The second step focuses on interfaces and is usually accompanied by significant stability improvement. As an emerging generation of photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells are transitioning to the second step of their development when a significant focus shifts toward interface studies and engineering. While various interface engineering strategies have been developed, interfacial characterization is crucial to show the effectiveness of interfacial modification. Here, we review the characterization techniques that have been utilized in studying interface properties in perovskite solar cells. We first summarize the main roles of interfaces in perovskite solar cells, and then we discuss some typical characterization methodologies for morphological, optical, and electrical studies of interfaces. Successful experiences and existing problems are analyzed when discussing some commonly used methods. We then analyze the challenges and provide an outlook for further development of interfacial characterizations. This review aims to evoke strengthened research devotion on novel and persuasive interfacial engineering.

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Bera, Debjyoti, Mathijs Schuts, Jozef Hooman, and Ivan Kurtev. "Reverse engineering models of software interfaces." Computer Science and Information Systems 18, no. 3 (2021): 657–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis200131013b.

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Cyber-physical systems consist of many hardware and software components. Over the lifetime of these systems their components are often replaced or updated. To avoid integration problems, formal specifications of component interface behavior are crucial. Such a formal specification captures not only the set of provided operations but also the order of using them and the constraints on their timing behavior. Usually the order of operations are expressed in terms of a state machine. For new components such a formal specification can be derived from requirements. However, for legacy components such interface descriptions are usually not available. So they have to be reverse engineered from existing event logs and source code. This costs a lot of time and does not scale very well. To improve the efficiency of this process, we present a passive learning technique for interface models inspired by process mining techniques. The approach is based on representing causal relations between events present in an event log and their timing information as a timed-causal graph. The graph is further processed and eventually transformed into a state machine and a set of timing constraints. Compared to other approaches in literature which focus on the general problem of inferring state-based behavior, we exploit patterns of client-server interactions in event logs.

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Şenol, Mehmet Burak. "A new optimization model for design of traditional cockpit interfaces." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2019-0068.

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Purpose Real flight is cognitively demanding; accordingly, both indicators and display panel layout should be user-friendly to improve pilot-aircraft interaction. Poor pilot-interface interactions in aircrafts could result in accidents. Although a general reason of accidents is improper displays, relatively few studies were conducted on interfaces. This study aims to present an optimization model to create intuitively integrated user-friendly cockpit interfaces. Design/methodology/approach Subjectivity within most usability evaluation techniques could bring about interface design problems. A priori information about indicator’s possible locations may be available or unavailable. Thus different analytical approaches must be applied for modifications and new interface designs. Relative layout design (RLD) model was developed and used in new interface designs to optimize locations of indicators. This model was based on layout optimization and constructed in accordance with design requirements, ergonomic considerations with the pilot preferences. RLD model optimizes interface design by deploying indicators to the best locations to improve usability of display panel, pilot-aircraft interaction and flight safety. Findings Optimum interfaces for two problem instances were gathered by RLD model in 15.77 CPU(s) with 10 indicators and 542.51 CPU(s) with 19 indicators. A comparison between relative and existing cockpit interfaces reveals that locations of six navigation and four mechanical system indicators are different. The differences may stem from pilots’ preferences and relativity constraints. Both interfaces are more similar for the central part of the display panel. The objective function value of relative interface design (Opt: 527938) is far better than existing interface (737100). The RLD model improved usability of existing interface (28.61 per cent considering decrease in the objective function values from 737100 to 527938. Practical implications Future cockpit and new helicopter interface designs may involve RLD model as an alternative interface design tool. Furthermore, other layout optimization problems, e.g. circuit boards, microchips and engines, etc. could be handled in a more realistic manner by RLD model. Originality/value Originality and impact of this study related to development and employment of a new optimization model (RLD) on cockpit interface design for the first time. Engineering requirements, human factors, ergonomics and pilots’ preferences are simultaneously considered in the RLD model. The subjectivity within usability evaluation techniques could be diminished in this way. The contributions of RLD model to classical facility layout models are relativity constraints with the physical constrictions and ergonomic objective function weights. Novelty of this paper is the development and employment of a new optimization model (RLD) to locate indicators.

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Liao, Ning Bo, Miao Zhang, and Rui Jiang. "Recent Development in Multiscale Simulation of Mechanical Properties at Material Interface." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.491.

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For nanoscale devices and structures, interface phenomena often dominate their overall thermal behavior. The feature scale of material interfaces usually originate from nanometer length and present a hierarchical nature. Considering to the limitations of the continuum mechanics on the characterization of nano-scale, the multiscale model featuring the interface could be very important in materials design. The purpose of this review is to discuss the applications of multiscale modeling and simulation techniques to study the mechanical properties at materials interface. It is concluded that a multi-scale scheme is needed for this study due to the hierarchical characteristics of interface.

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Kumar, Naveen, and Jyoti Ohri. "Haptic Interface Controller Design using Intelligent Techniques." Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/mjee.14.4.67.

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Frisch, Mathias, and Raimund Dachselt. "Visualizing offscreen elements of node-link diagrams." Information Visualization 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2013): 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612473589.

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Visual representations of node-link diagrams are very important for the software development process. In many situations, large diagrams have to be explored, whereby diagram elements of interest are often clipped from the viewport and are therefore not visible. Thus, in state-of-the-art modeling tools, navigation is accompanied by time-consuming panning and zooming. One solution to this problem is offscreen visualization techniques. Usually, they indicate the existence and direction of clipped elements by overlays at the border of the viewport. In this article, we contribute the application of offscreen visualization techniques to the domain of node-link diagrams in general and to Unified Modeling Language class diagrams in particular. The basic idea of our approach is to represent offscreen nodes by proxy elements located within an interactive border region around the viewport. The proxies show information of the associated offscreen nodes and can be used to quickly navigate to the respective node. In addition, we contribute techniques that preserve the routing of edges during panning and zooming and present strategies to make our approach scalable to large diagrams. We conducted a formative pilot study of our first prototype. Based on the observations made during the evaluation, we suggest how particular techniques should be combined. Finally, we ran a user evaluation to compare our technique with a traditional zoom+pan interface. The results showed that our approach is significantly faster for exploring relationships within diagrams than state-of-the-art interfaces. We also found that the offscreen visualization combined with an additional overview window did not improve the orientation within an unknown diagram. However, an overview should be offered as a cognitive support. CR categories: D.2.2 [Software Engineering]: Design Tools and Techniques— User Interface; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces— Graphical User Interfaces General terms: Design, Human Factors

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Perlman, Gary. "Teaching User Interface Development to Software Engineers." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 5 (October 1988): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200535.

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Most software engineers have weak backgrounds in areas where human factors engineers are strong: task analysis, applied psychology, and empirical evaluation. Software engineers can become better builders of user interfaces if they are instructed in these techniques, and that is the main goal of the Software Engineering Institute's graduate curriculum module on user interface development. Parts of the module provide instruction about when, where, and how consultants such as human factors engineers can contribute to the design and evaluation of user interfaces. It is critical that human factors engineers understand how they can contribute during development, so that they can have the greatest positive impact.

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Kuzum, Duygu, Tejas Krishnamohan, Abhijit Pethe, Yasuhiro Oshima, Yun Sun, James McVittie, Paul McIntyre, Piero Pianetta, and Krishna Saraswat. "Ge Interface Passivation Techniques and Their Thermal Stability." ECS Transactions 16, no. 10 (December 18, 2019): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2986865.

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Dai, Yawen, Jie Yu, Chun Cheng, Peng Tan, and Meng Ni. "Engineering the interfaces in water-splitting photoelectrodes – an overview of the technique development." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 15 (2020): 6984–7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01670e.

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Xiaosu, Zhan, Lin Zongkai, Xu Guang, Deng Guilong, and Su Zhong. "Techniques of interface agents in CSCW systems." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 16, no. 2/3 (2003): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2003.000313.

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Su, Jiaxing, David Frost, and Alejandro Martínez. "Three-dimensional numerical assessment of axial and torsional interface shear behaviour." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213016.

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Interfaces between geo-materials and soils play a critical role in a wide spectrum of geotechnical structures and soil/site characterization techniques in geotechnical engineering. Consequently, understanding the mechanics of interface shear behaviour at different scales can benefit both soil characterization and the design of geotechnical systems. This paper presents a series of numerical simulations that utilize the 3D discrete element modelling (DEM) technique and compares the results with those obtained from laboratory counterpart tests under axial and torsional axisymmetric interface shear. The difference observed in macro- and meso-scale responses under these loading conditions, such as shear strength, volumetric change, and shear zone characteristics are evaluated. In addition, responses at microscale including particle displacement trajectory, particles rotation, and local void ratio evolution are assessed allowing for links to the results obtained at larger spatial scales. These 3D numerical model studies expand the micromechanical processes under different shearing conditions previously presented by the authors from 2D to 3D space.

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Kolski, C., E. Le Strugeon, and M. Tendjaoui. "Implementation of AI techniques for “intelligent” interface development." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 6, no. 4 (August 1993): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-1976(93)90014-o.

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Laing, Sheridan, Peter VS Lee, and James CH Goh. "Engineering a Trans-Tibial Prosthetic Socket for the Lower Limb Amputee." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 40, no. 5 (May 15, 2011): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n5p252.

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Introduction: This review addresses the different prosthetic socket designs for trans-tibial amputees, the biomechanics behind the designs and the current state of the field. Of particular focus is the classic patella-tendon bearing (PTB) socket and the more recent sockets manufactured using pressure casting techniques and the theory, biomechanics and clinical implications of the two designs. Methods to examine and compare these designs are also addressed. Materials and Methods: Journal papers by various investigators which have clinical significance/impact on the field of trans-tibial socket design were chosen for this review. Articles were chosen over a period of over 50 years to demonstrate the evolution of knowledge. Results: The engineering of the trans-tibial socket has been largely subjected to empirical derivations and biomechanical theory that remains, for the most part, unproven. The fundamental principles of the PTB socket have been widely refuted. Hydrostatic theory based on pressure casting techniques, on the other hand, provides an optimal scenario to produce a more uniform stump/socket interface pressure. Conclusion: Preliminary studies indicate the pressure casting technique has the potential to produce comfortable sockets, providing an alternative to the PTB design. Various studies have been attempted to quantitatively compare the 2 types of socket designs. However, further quantitative biomechanical studies are needed to explain the fundamental theory surrounding the pressure cast technique. Methods that could help further understand the pressure cast concept include amputee gait analysis, stump/socket interface pressure measurements, computer aided socket design and finite element modelling techniques. Key words: Biomechanics, Patella-tendon bearing, Pressure casting, Pressure measurement, Prosthetic socket, Trans-tibial amputee

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Demori, Marco, Marco Baù, Marco Ferrari, and Vittorio Ferrari. "Interrogation Techniques and Interface Circuits for Coil-Coupled Passive Sensors." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090449.

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Coil-coupled passive sensors can be interrogated without contact, exploiting the magnetic coupling between two coils forming a telemetric proximity link. A primary coil connected to the interface circuit forms the readout unit, while a passive sensor connected to a secondary coil forms the sensor unit. This work is focused on the interrogation of sensor units based on resonance, denoted as resonant sensor units, in which the readout signals are the resonant frequency and, possibly, the quality factor. Specifically, capacitive and electromechanical piezoelectric resonator sensor units are considered. Two interrogation techniques, namely a frequency-domain technique and a time-domain technique, have been analyzed, that are theoretically independent of the coupling between the coils which, in turn, ensure that the sensor readings are not affected by the interrogation distance. However, it is shown that the unavoidable parasitic capacitance in parallel to the readout coil introduces, for both techniques, an undesired dependence of the readings on the interrogation distance. This effect is especially marked for capacitance sensor units. A compensation circuit is innovatively proposed to counteract the effects of the parasitic input capacitance, and advantageously obtain distance-independent readings in real operating conditions. Experimental tests on a coil-coupled capacitance sensor with resonance at 5.45 MHz have shown a deviation within 1.5 kHz, i.e., 300 ppm, for interrogation distances of up to 18 mm. For the same distance range, with a coil-coupled quartz crystal resonator with a mechanical resonant frequency of 4.432 MHz, variations of less than 1.8 Hz, i.e., 0.5 ppm, have been obtained.

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Jovanovic, Mladjan, Dusan Starcevic, and Zoran Jovanovic. "Languages for model-driven development of user interfaces: Review of the state of the art." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 23, no. 3 (2013): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor121101007j.

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In model-driven user interface development, several models are used to describe different aspects of user interface when level of detail varies. The relations between the models are established through model transformations. The Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approach has been proposed in software engineering domain in order to provide techniques and tools to deal with models in the automated way. In this paper, we will review existing user interface languages that gain wider acceptance, and discuss their applicability for model-driven user interface development.

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Lee, K. M., and V. R. Manjunath. "Soil-geotextile interface friction by direct shear tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-124.

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This paper describes large-size direct shear tests on soil-geotextile interfaces. Medium-grained, uniform sand and three varieties of woven and nonwoven geotextiles manufactured with different techniques are utilized to investigate the soil-geotextile interface friction coefficient (f*). Tests were carried out using an apparatus specifically designed for interface testing, and results were compared with those obtained from the conventional direct shear equipment. The results obtained from this study indicated that the determination of peak interface behaviour was not a trivial matter, as the results were significantly affected by the boundary and testing conditions of the testing apparatus. The residual interface behaviour was investigated by multiple reversal direct shear tests. Since the use of multiple reversal direct shear tests on the proposed apparatus can impose a high degree of shear displacement and stress uniformity on the soil-geotextile interface, a more reliable definition of the residual interface friction can be obtained. The results indicate that woven-nonwoven geotextile interfaces exhibit a significant postpeak strength loss after a number of shear cycles. In the case of woven geotextiles, this is attributed to the opening up of the filaments associated with the physical damage caused during shear, whereas for nonwoven geotextiles it is due to the pulling out or tearing of filaments.Key words: geotextile, direct shear test, interface friction coefficient, peak shear strength, residual shear strength.

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Rezaei, Siamak, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Ali Moti Nasrabadi, and S. Kamaledin Setarehdan. "Different classification techniques considering brain computer interface applications." Journal of Neural Engineering 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2006): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/3/2/008.

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Yan, Cenqi, Jiaming Huang, Dongdong Li, and Gang Li. "Recent progress of metal-halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 12 (2021): 4538–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm01085e.

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This review presents critical advances of perovskite-based tandem solar cells (TSCs). Electrode engineering, interface engineering, bandgap engineering, and processing techniques are discussed, as well as the future directions and challenges.

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Travers, Donald. "Precision signal handling and converter-microprocessor interface techniques." Signal Processing 9, no. 2 (September 1985): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1684(85)90042-8.

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Dessoulavy, R. "Precision signal handling and converter-microprocessor interface techniques." Signal Processing 11, no. 3 (October 1986): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1684(86)90008-3.

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Klinger, David W., and Marie E. Gomes. "A Cognitive Systems Engineering Application for Interface Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 1 (October 1993): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700105.

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Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) is primarily a blend of technological opportunities, findings from cognitive research, and Cognitive Task Analysis. Using CSE, we were able to produce an efficient and effective redesign of the AWACS Weapons Director (WD) station. The design effort was completed in a relatively short period of time. A Cognitive Task Analysis was performed using two interview techniques: Concept Mapping and the Critical Decision method (CDM). The information obtained using these methods pinpointed specific cognitive areas which any redesign of the WD interface must address. A revised interface was developed and evaluated. During the evaluation, the training of the participants on the revised interface was quite brief (4.5 hours). As a result, the WDs did not achieve the same degree of familiarity or automatization with the revised interface that they have with the current interface. Yet, when WDs were using the revised system their performance improved. This was indicated by an increase in performance for a number of process and outcome measures. Also, a skilled WD provided blind ratings of WD performance. These global ratings were significantly higher for the revised interface. The effectiveness of the revised interface suggests that it is possible to pinpoint cognitive task requirements and to make these the driving factors in a design effort. Moreover, these Cognitive Systems Engineering activities do not consume a great deal of time or effort. The use of CSE may be a feasible aspect of the design process, enabling system developers to achieve a much stronger effectiveness at relatively low cost.

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Kamiya, Shoji, Hiroshi Shimomura, Masaki Omiya, and Takashi Suzuki. "A comparative study of a new microscale technique and conventional bending techniques for evaluating the interface adhesion strength in IC metallization systems." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 10 (October 2010): 1917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0258.

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We developed a new microscale technique for evaluating the local interface adhesion in a thin film stack and we compared it with a conventional four-point bending technique. Using the microscale technique, the interface adhesion was estimated to be 3.0 J/m2 by comparing experimental results with numerical simulation results for interface crack propagation behavior. The four-point bending technique was applied to the same interface and the interface adhesion was estimated to be 4.4 J/m2 by experiment. However, this value is an overestimate because it includes the plastic deformation of epoxy resin used to fabricate the specimens. By eliminating the additional energy dissipated through plastic deformation of the epoxy resin close to the interface crack tip, the interface adhesion was evaluated to be 3.3 J/m2. This value agrees well with that obtained using the microscale technique.

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Smith, Philip J., Deborah A. Krawczak, Steven J. Shute, and Mark Chignell. "Cognitive Engineering Issues in the Design of a Knowledge-Based Information Retrieval System." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 29, no. 4 (October 1985): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128502900411.

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EP-X (Environmental Pollution expert) is a prototype expert system that acts as an expert search intermediary for a bibliographic information retrieval system. It searches for documents in the Chemical Abstracts database in the domain of environmental pollution, providing an intelligent human-computer interface that accommodates a wide variety of user backgrounds and interests. This paper discusses 1) the general problem of bibliographic information retrival, 2) the value of combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Factors Engineering (HFE) techniques in the design of an intelligent human-computer interface. 3) the general architecture and functioning of EP-X, and 4) examples of specific issues that arise when attempting to apply both AI and HFE techniques to the design of an interactive computer system.

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Yu, Q. S., C. M. Reddy, C. E. Moffitt, D. M. Wieliczka, R. Johnson, J. E. Deffeyes, and H. K. Yasuda. "Improved Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys by System Approach Interface Engineering: Part 2—AA2024-T3." Corrosion 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280592.

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Abstract This study investigates the development of a chromate-free corrosion protection system for AA2024-T3 ([2B]) based on the concept of system approach interface engineering (SAIE) by chemical and plasma techniques. An anode magnetron-enhanced direct current (DC) cathodic plasma process was used to enhance the bonding to and the protection offered by a cathodically electrodeposited epoxy-based primer (E-coat) on [2B]. Corrosion test results of SO2 and Prohesion salt spray tests indicated that superior corrosion protection properties of [2B] were achieved with the aid of plasma interface engineering, tailoring specific properties of the interfaces. Many of these plasma polymer-enhanced systems on [2B] outperformed the controls used in this study: chromate conversion coated and then primer (Deft 44-GN-36) coated [2B], as well as chromate conversion coated and then cathodic E-coated [2B]. The corrosion protection properties of [2B] were strongly dependent on the surface preparation of the alloy, which was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma polymer-coated systems prepared on alkaline-cleaned [2B] surfaces displayed enhanced corrosion protection properties.

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Goorsky, Mark S., Michael Evan Liao, Kenny Huynh, Yekan Wang, Brandon Carson, Lezli Matto, and Aviram Bhalla-Levine. "(Invited) Heterogeneous Materials Integration for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 37 (October 9, 2022): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02371347mtgabs.

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The study of interfaces for both epitaxial and wafer-bonded systems draws from materials science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering and involves advanced materials characterization techniques. Low temperature wafer bonding has been leveraged to produce a wide array of materials combinations, most notably silicon-on-insulator structures. However, bonded interfaces can impact the electrical or thermal transport across such interfaces. In this presentation, we provide a few examples in semiconductor-based systems to address the ability to study and modify different, technologically important, interface combinations as a function of processing, such as annealing. The materials combinations primarily involve wide bandgap materials combinations including GaN|Si to b-Ga2O3 | SiC as well as bonding to single crystal diamond. In addition, we describe the role of the relative lattice orientation across semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces on transport properties and polarization engineering to producing high performance heterointerfaces. Our main goal is to be able to study and engineer the interfaces to optimize properties and ultimately, device performance.

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Woerle, Judith, Brett C. Johnson, Roger Stark, Massimo Camarda, and Ulrike Grossner. "Fast Defect Mapping at the SiO<sub>2</sub>/ SiC Interface Using Confocal Photoluminescence." Materials Science Forum 1062 (May 31, 2022): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-78l92c.

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Electrically active defects at the SiO2/SiC interface can have detrimental effects on the device performance of SiC MOSFETs. Capacitance-or conductance-based analysis techniques are commonly used to extract the density of interface defects, despite having the disadvantage of requiring dedicated test structures for the analysis. Here, we discuss confocal sub-bandgap photoluminescence (PL) microscopy as a fast and reliable alternative to conventional electrical characterization techniques. For this purpose, the quality of the SiO2/SiC interface after post-oxidation annealing in N2O is studied both by confocal imaging as well as by the high-low and C-Ψ capacitance technique. We find excellent agreement between the optical and electrical analysis and observe a significant increase of the interface defect density for annealing temperatures below 1050 °C. Keywords: interface defect density, photoluminescence, capacitance-voltage

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Kumpenza, Cedou, Andreas Ringhofer, Thomas Krenke, Adeayo Sotayo, Maximilian Pramreiter, and Ulrich Müller. "Timber screw connection: Study of the strain along the interface using optical measurement techniques and simulations." BioResources 15, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 3859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3859-3873.

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In various engineering applications, self-tapping screws are used to connect timber members. To describe their load-deformation relationship, a better understanding of the strain along the mechanical interface (i.e., timber-screw interface) is required. With a focus on the axial loading of self-tapping screws, only a few studies have dealt with the determination of the strain based on optical measurement techniques. Therefore, in the present study, the strain distribution at the timber-screw interface was monitored during pull-out tests using an optical measurement technique, called electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). Strains obtained from the ESPI measurements were compared with the results obtained from structural simulations conducted with finite element modelling (FEM). Three different types of solid spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) specimens with different grain orientations connected with self-tapping screws (thread length lg = 130 mm, outer thread diameter d = 12 mm) were tested in withdrawal. There was a good agreement between the ESPI and FEM results, confirming that ESPI was a suitable measurement technique. The study also provided insights and results regarding the region of strain concentrations across the length of self-tapping screws.

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Grandfield, Kathryn, Anders Palmquist, and Håkan Engqvist. "High-resolution three-dimensional probes of biomaterials and their interfaces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1963 (March 28, 2012): 1337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0253.

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Interfacial relationships between biomaterials and tissues strongly influence the success of implant materials and their long-term functionality. Owing to the inhomogeneity of biological tissues at an interface, in particular bone tissue, two-dimensional images often lack detail on the interfacial morphological complexity. Furthermore, the increasing use of nanotechnology in the design and production of biomaterials demands characterization techniques on a similar length scale. Electron tomography (ET) can meet these challenges by enabling high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biomaterial interfaces. In this article, we review the fundamentals of ET and highlight its recent applications in probing the three-dimensional structure of bioceramics and their interfaces, with particular focus on the hydroxyapatite–bone interface, titanium dioxide–bone interface and a mesoporous titania coating for controlled drug release.

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Reichert, P. "A standard interface between simulation programs and systems analysis software." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.029.

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A simple interface between simulation programs and systems analytical software is proposed. This interface is designed to facilitate linkage of environmental simulation programs with systems analytical software and thus can contribute to remedying the deficiency in applying systems analytical techniques to environmental modelling studies. The proposed concept, consisting of a text file interface combined with a batch mode simulation program call, is independent of model structure, operating system and programming language. It is open for implementation by academic and commercial simulation and systems analytical software developers and is very simple to implement. Its practicability is demonstrated by implementations for three environmental simulation packages (AQUASIM, SWAT and LEACHM) and two systems analytical program packages (UNCSIM, SUFI). The properties listed above and the demonstration of the ease of implementation of the approach are prerequisites for the stimulation of a widespread implementation of the proposed interface that would be beneficial for the dissemination of systems analytical techniques in the environmental and engineering sciences. Furthermore, such a development could stimulate the transfer of systems analytical techniques between different fields of application.

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SU, MU-CHUN, YANG-HAN LEE, CHENG-HUI WU, SHI-YONG SU, and YU-XIANG ZHAO. "TWO LOW-COST HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACES FOR PEOPLE WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 16, no. 06 (December 25, 2004): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237204000475.

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The object of this paper is to present a set of techniques integrated into two low-cost human computer interfaces. Although the interfaces have many potential applications, one main application is to help the disabled persons to attain or regain some degree of independent communications and control. The first interface is a voice-controlled mouse and the second one is an accelerometer-based mouse.

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Bladh, Ronnie, Christophe Pierre, and Matthew P. Castanier. "Numerical Instability of Classical Free-Interface Component Mode Synthesis Techniques." AIAA Journal 41, no. 8 (August 2003): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.2123.

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Hamid Sharif, Nahidh, and Nils‐Erik Wiberg. "Interface‐capturing finite element technique for transient two‐phase flow." Engineering Computations 20, no. 5/6 (August 1, 2003): 725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02644400310488835.

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A numerical model is presented for the computation of unsteady two‐fluid interfaces in nonlinear porous media flow. The nonlinear Forchheimer equation is included in the Navier‐Stokes equations for porous media flow. The model is based on capturing the interface on a fixed mesh domain. The zero level set of a pseudo‐concentration function, which defines the interface between the two fluids, is governed by a time‐dependent advection equation. The time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes equations and the advection equation are spatially discretized by the finite element (FE) method. The fully coupled implicit time integration scheme and the explicit forward Eulerian scheme are implemented for the advancement in time. The trapezoidal rule is applied to the fully implicit scheme, while the operator‐splitting algorithm is used for the velocity‐pressure segregation in the explicit scheme. The spatial and time discretizations are stabilized using FE stabilization techniques. Numerical examples of unsteady flow of two‐fluid interfaces in an earth dam are investigated.

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Gowda, Arun, David Esler, Sandeep Tonapi, Annita Zhong, K. Srihari, and Florian Schattenmann. "Micron and Submicron-Scale Characterization of Interfaces in Thermal Interface Material Systems." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 2 (February 14, 2006): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2188952.

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One of the key challenges in the thermal management of electronic packages are interfaces, such as those between the chip and heat spreader and the interface between a heat spreader and heat sink or cold plate. Typically, thermal interfaces are filled with materials such as thermal adhesives and greases. Interface materials reduce the contact resistance between the mating heat generating and heat sinking units by filling voids and grooves created by the nonsmooth surface topography of the mating surfaces, thus improving surface contact and the conduction of heat across the interface. However, micron and submicron voids and delaminations still exist at the interface between the interface material and the surfaces of the heat spreader and semiconductor device. In addition, a thermal interface material (TIM) may form a filler-depleted and resin-rich region at the interfaces. These defects, though at a small length scale, can significantly deteriorate the heat dissipation ability of a system consisting of a TIM between a heat generating surface and a heat dissipating surface. The characterization of a freestanding sample of TIM does not provide a complete understanding of its heat transfer, mechanical, and interfacial behavior. However, system-level characterization of a TIM system, which includes its freestanding behavior and its interfacial behavior, provides a more accurate understanding. While, measurement of system-level thermal resistance provides an accurate representation of the system performance of a TIM, it does not provide information regarding the physical behavior of the TIM at the interfaces. This knowledge is valuable in engineering interface materials and in developing assembly process parameters for enhanced system-level thermal performance. Characterization of an interface material between a silicon device and a metal heat spreader can be accomplished via several techniques. In this research, high-magnification radiography with computed tomography, acoustic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize various TIM systems. The results of these characterization studies are presented in this paper. System-level thermal performance results are compared to physical characterization results.

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Jung, Jaehan, Mincheol Chang, and Hyeonseok Yoon. "Interface Engineering Strategies for Fabricating Nanocrystal-Based Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposites." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081376.

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Hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because they have the advantages of both conjugated polymers (CPs) and nanocrystals (NCs). Recent developments in the interfacial engineering of CP–NC organic–inorganic nanocomposites enabled the formation of an intimate contact between NCs and CPs, facilitating electronic interactions between these two constituents. To design CP–NC nanocomposites, several approaches have been introduced, including ligand refluxing, direct grafting methods, direct growth of NCs in proximity to CPs, and template-guided strategies. In this review, the general reactions of ligand exchange processes, purification methods, and characterization techniques have been briefly introduced. This is followed by a highlight of recent advances in the synthesis of hybrid CP–NC nanocomposites and newly developed inorganic surface treatments, as well as their applications. An outlook for future directions in this area is also presented.

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Wu, Yinghui, Dong Wang, Jinyuan Liu, and Houzhi Cai. "Review of Interface Passivation of Perovskite Layer." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030775.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising substitute for silicon-based solar cells. However, their power conversion efficiency and stability must be improved. The recombination probability of the photogenerated carriers at each interface in a PSC is much greater than that of the bulk phase. The interface of a perovskite polycrystalline film is considered to be a defect-rich area, which is the main factor limiting the efficiency of a PSC. This review introduces and summarizes practical interface engineering techniques for improving the efficiency and stability of organic–inorganic lead halide PSCs. First, the effect of defects at the interface of the PSCs, the energy level alignment, and the chemical reactions on the efficiency of a PSC are summarized. Subsequently, the latest developments pertaining to a modification of the perovskite layers with different materials are discussed. Finally, the prospect of achieving an efficient PSC with long-term stability through the use of interface engineering is presented.

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Kozai, Takashi. "The History and Horizons of Microscale Neural Interfaces." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090445.

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Microscale neural technologies interface with the nervous system to record and stimulate brain tissue with high spatial and temporal resolution. These devices are being developed to understand the mechanisms that govern brain function, plasticity and cognitive learning, treat neurological diseases, or monitor and restore functions over the lifetime of the patient. Despite decades of use in basic research over days to months, and the growing prevalence of neuromodulation therapies, in many cases the lack of knowledge regarding the fundamental mechanisms driving activation has dramatically limited our ability to interpret data or fine-tune design parameters to improve long-term performance. While advances in materials, microfabrication techniques, packaging, and understanding of the nervous system has enabled tremendous innovation in the field of neural engineering, many challenges and opportunities remain at the frontiers of the neural interface in terms of both neurobiology and engineering. In this short-communication, we explore critical needs in the neural engineering field to overcome these challenges. Disentangling the complexities involved in the chronic neural interface problem requires simultaneous proficiency in multiple scientific and engineering disciplines. The critical component of advancing neural interface knowledge is to prepare the next wave of investigators who have simultaneous multi-disciplinary proficiencies with a diverse set of perspectives necessary to solve the chronic neural interface challenge.

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P., Arun Kumar N., and Jagadeesh Chandra A.P. "Development of Remote Access and Control Features for Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Experimentations." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 12, no. 08 (August 30, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v12i08.5957.

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Remote instrumentation and collaborative learning methods have enhanced the experimental learning aspects of engineering education. Automation is changing the nature of these laboratories and remote access techniques are providing access to server machine from anywhere in the world through internet. This provides an opportunity to develop the remote instrumentation laboratories using which students can perform their lab experiments remotely all over the day and thereby increasing the productivity of the lab setups and measuring instruments. This paper presents the detailed architecture and the implementation details of remote DSP lab instrumentation. LabVIEW user interface is developed to control all the test instruments and their related hardware interfaces. Radmin tool is used as remote access tool to integrate multiple clients to server machine through wired/wireless internet access. Hardware interface is designed and developed to route data and control signals from data acquisition card to the respective hardware and to control the test instruments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interface engineering techniques'

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