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Journal articles on the topic 'Interface effects'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Vitek, J. M. "Diffraction effects from interfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100125233.

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The ability of electron microscopes to examine the structure and composition of materials on a very fine scale has paved the way for a renewed interest in examining the structure at interfaces and grain boundaries. Complemented by theoretical work on the structure of interfaces, much new information has become available. Among the various techniques available for studying the structure at interfaces, diffraction experiments have proved to be very useful. It has been shown, for example, that a periodic array of defects exists within the plane of the interface, leading to extra reflections in the plane of the interface. More recently, the diffraction behavior in the direction perpendicular to the interface plane has been examined. By considering diffraction effects in this direction only (to be referred to as the z direction in real space and the L direction in reciprocal space), information can be derived on the structural distortions in this direction near the interface without interference from any arrays of defects within the interface plane.

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2

Stoffregen, Thomas A. "Interface solutions for interface side effects?" BIO Web of Conferences 1 (2011): 00086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20110100086.

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3

Luo, Xisheng, Yu Liang, Ting Si, and Zhigang Zhai. "Effects of non-periodic portions of interface on Richtmyer–Meshkov instability." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 861 (December 20, 2018): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.923.

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The development of a non-periodic $\text{air}\text{/}\text{SF}_{6}$ gaseous interface subjected to a planar shock wave is investigated experimentally and theoretically to evaluate the effects of the non-periodic portions of the interface on the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. Experimentally, five kinds of discontinuous chevron-shaped interfaces with or without non-periodic portions are created by the extended soap film technique. The post-shock flows and the interface morphologies are captured by schlieren photography combined with a high-speed video camera. A periodic chevron-shaped interface, which is multi-modal (81 % fundamental mode and 19 % high-order modes), is first considered to evaluate the impulsive linear model and several typical nonlinear models. Then, the non-periodic chevron-shaped interfaces are investigated and the results show that the existence of non-periodic portions significantly changes the balanced position of the initial interface, and subsequently disables the nonlinear model which is applicable to the periodic chevron-shaped interface. A modified nonlinear model is proposed to consider the effects of the non-periodic portions. It turns out that the new model can predict the growth of the shocked non-periodic interface well. Finally, a method is established using spectrum analysis on the initial shape of the interface to separate its bubble structure and spike structure such that the new model can apply to any random perturbed interface. These findings can facilitate the understanding of the evolution of non-periodic interfaces which are more common in reality.

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4

Phillpot, Simon R., Dieter Wolf, and Sidney Yip. "Effects of Atomic-Level Disorder at Solid Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 10 (October 1990): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058656.

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The importance of interface materials is based largely on their inherent inhomogeneity, i.e., that the chemical composition and physical properties at or near an interface can differ dramatically from those of the nearby bulk material. For example, the propagation of a crack along an interface — rather than through the surrounding bulk material — indicates a different mechanical strength near the interface. Also, the elastic response and thermal behavior near an interface can be highly anisotropic in an otherwise isotropic material, and can differ by orders of magnitude from those of the adjacent bulk regions. Typically, these gradients extend over only a few atomic distances.Because relatively few atoms control the properties in the interfacial region, the inherent difficulty in the experimental investigation of buried interfaces is actually an advantage in the atomic-level study of solid interfaces by means of computer-simulation techniques. While the limitations of such simulations are well known, this article will attempt to demonstrate the unique insights they can provide on some aspects of the mechanical behavior of both buried and thin-film interfaces. While to date, relatively little simulation work has focused directly on the observation of crack extension, we will discuss two types of phenomena with particular relevance in the fracture behavior of interface materials, namely their elastic and high-temperature properties. We will conclude with an outlook, too optimistic perhaps, on how the complementary capabilities of continuum-elastic theory, atomic-level computer simulation, and experiment could (and probably should) be combined in a new strategy for tackling the difficult problem of interface fracture to elucidate the underlying complex interplay between elasticity, plasticity, and temperature.

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5

Liu, L. M., Shao Qing Wang, and Heng Qiang Ye. "Segregation Effects on the Metal-Carbide Interface." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4251.

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We employ density functional calculations to investigate the doped Al/TiC interfaces. The effects of different segregation atoms are discussed. The results show that the different transition metal atoms have different effects on the adhesion. Results of analysis of atom size and electronic structure have shown that both atom size and activity of the doped atom influence on the adhesion. Our results are consistent with other results of doped metal-oxide interface.

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6

Styler, S. A., M. E. Loiseaux, and D. J. Donaldson. "Substrate effects in the photoenhanced ozonation of pyrene." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2010): 27825–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-27825-2010.

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Abstract. We report the effects of actinic illumination on the heterogeneous ozonation kinetics of solid pyrene films and pyrene adsorbed at air-octanol and air-aqueous interfaces. Upon illumination, the ozonation of solid pyrene films and pyrene at the air-aqueous interface proceeds more quickly than in darkness; no such enhancement is observed for pyrene at the air-octanol interface. Under dark conditions, the reaction of pyrene at all three interfaces proceeds via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type surface mechanism. In the presence of light, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics are observed for solid pyrene films but a linear dependence upon gas-phase ozone concentration is observed at the air-aqueous interface. We interpret these results as evidence of the importance of charge-transfer pathways for the ozonation of excited-state pyrene. The dramatically different behaviour of pyrene at the surface of these three simple reaction environments highlights the difficulties inherent in representing complex reactive surfaces in the laboratory, and suggests caution in extrapolating laboratory results to environmental surfaces.

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7

Styler, S. A., M. E. Loiseaux, and D. J. Donaldson. "Substrate effects in the photoenhanced ozonation of pyrene." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3 (February 14, 2011): 1243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1243-2011.

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Abstract. We report the effects of actinic illumination on the heterogeneous ozonation kinetics of solid pyrene films and pyrene adsorbed at air-octanol and air-aqueous interfaces. Upon illumination, the ozonation of solid pyrene films and pyrene at the air-aqueous interface proceeds more quickly than in darkness; no such enhancement is observed for pyrene at the air-octanol interface. Under dark conditions, the reaction of pyrene at all three interfaces proceeds via a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type surface mechanism. In the presence of light, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics are observed for solid pyrene films but a linear dependence upon gas-phase ozone concentration is observed at the air-aqueous interface. We interpret these results as evidence of the importance of charge-transfer pathways for the ozonation of excited-state pyrene. The dramatically different behaviour of pyrene at the surface of these three simple reaction environments highlights the difficulties inherent in representing complex reactive surfaces in the laboratory, and suggests caution in extrapolating laboratory results to environmental surfaces.

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8

Kisin, Mikhail V., Michael A. Stroscio, Gregory Belenky, Vera B. Gorfinkel, and Serge Luryi. "Effects of interface phonon scattering in three-interface heterostructures." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 9 (May 1998): 4816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367276.

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9

Kohyama, Masanori, Shingo Tanaka, Kazuyuki Okazaki, Rui Yang, and Yoshitada Morikawa. "First-Principles Calculations of Metal/Oxide Interfaces: Effects of Interface Stoichiometry." Materials Science Forum 502 (December 2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.502.27.

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Ab initio pseudopotential calculations of Cu/Al2O3 and Au/TiO2 interfaces have revealed strong effects of interface stoichiometry. About the Cu/Al2O3 system used for coatings and electronic devices, the interfacial bond of the O-terminated (O-rich) Cu/Al2O3(0001) interface is very strong with ionic and covalent Cu-O interactions, although that of the Al-terminated (stoichiometric) one is rather weak with electrostatic and Cu-Al hybridization interactions. About the Au/TiO2 system with unique catalytic activity, the adhesive energy between non-stoichiometric (Ti-rich or O-rich) TiO2(110) surface and a Au layer is very large, and there occur substantial charge transfer and orbital hybridization, which should have close relations to the catalytic activity.

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10

Stirner, T., J. M. Fatah, R. G. Roberts, T. Piorek, W. E. Hagston, and P. Harrison. "Effects of interfaces and interface roughness in diluted magnetic semiconductor microstructures." Superlattices and Microstructures 16, no. 1 (July 1994): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/spmi.1994.1100.

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11

Guimpel, J., N. Haberkorn, M. Sirena, L. B. Steren, W. Saldarriaga, E. Baca, and M. E. Gómez. "Interface Effects in Perovskite Superlattices." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 135, no. 1/2 (April 2004): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jolt.0000016969.27984.29.

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12

Tong, D. W., J. L. Benjamin, and W. R. Van Dell. "Interface effects of SIPOS passivation." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 33, no. 6 (June 1986): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-ed.1986.22568.

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13

Wang, Le-fan, Weng Xing-zhong, Ye Li, Le Liang, and Wan Li. "Effects of Sudden Temperature Drop on Stress at Rapidly Repaired Bonding Interface of Pavement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621375.

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The numerical simulations were employed to establish an edge-corner repair model with magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) concrete as the repair material and ordinary Portland cement concrete as the old pavement. After the simulation of repair construction by using MPC concrete with different coarse aggregates, the effect of sudden temperature drop during the stable stage of hydration reaction on the stress distribution at each bonding interface was analyzed. The numerical calculations indicate that the sudden temperature drop led to temperature-induced stress on the bonding interfaces. The stress distribution at each bonding interface was obtained and the maximum principal stress at each bonding interface was at the intersection angle of three bonding interfaces. The relationship between the temperature and stress at each bonding interface was found when different coarse aggregates were used to prepare the repairing material. Also, the effect of different coarse aggregates on the bonding interface of the repairing material was obtained when basalt was the coarse aggregate of old concrete. The stability of bonding surface from best to worst was as follows: basalt > limestone > granite > conglomerate > sandstone > quartzite.

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14

Sina, Ahmad Saquib, and Juanjuan Wu. "Effects of 3D vs 2D interfaces and product-coordination methods." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 855–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-11-2018-0244.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of product display based on colour, discount and brand on retail pleasure, arousal, flow, perceived merchandise quality, time spent, satisfaction and patronage intentions in both 3D and 2D interfaces. This study uses the flow theory and stimulus-organism-response framework to understand the effects of product coordination methods and interface dimensions on consumers’ emotional, cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a 2 (interface: 3D and 2D) × 3 (product coordination method: colour, discount and brand) between-subjects experimental design. The coordination of display refers to the way products are arranged based on similar properties, such as similar colour, discount or brand. 3D stores were designed using Mockshop, a 3D virtual retailing software. A total of 144 US female college students from various universities participated in the study. Findings The findings showed that the 3D interface produced higher flow, satisfaction, time spent and patronage intention than the 2D interface. Also, among the six display scenarios, participants who were in the colour-coordinated 3D store showed the highest levels of emotional, cognitive and behavioural outcomes except for retail pleasure and arousal. Originality/value This study investigates product display based on colour, discount and brand in both 3D and 2D interfaces. Although product coordination methods have been tested in 3D stores in previous studies, they have not been compared with their effects in the 2D interface such as online shopping sites. Therefore, this study fills in this gap in the literature, which can guide retailers in making the right decisions for visuals.

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15

Carey, V. P. "DSMC MODELING OF INTERFACE CURVATURE EFFECTS ON NEAR-INTERFACE TRANSPORT." Microscale Thermophysical Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 2002): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108939502753428239.

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16

Trivedi, R., and J. T. Mason. "The effects of interface attachment kinetics on solidification interface morphologies." Metallurgical Transactions A 22, no. 1 (January 1991): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03350965.

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17

Chen, G. "Size and Interface Effects on Thermal Conductivity of Superlattices and Periodic Thin-Film Structures." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824212.

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Superlattices consisting of alternating layers of extremely thin films often demonstrate strong quantum size effects that have been utilized to improve conventional devices and develop new ones. The interfaces in these structures also affect their thermophysical properties through reflection and transmission of heat carriers. This work develops models on the effective thermal conductivity of periodic thin-film structures in the parallel direction based on the Boltzmann transport equation. Different interface conditions including specular, diffuse, and partially specular and partially diffuse interfaces, are considered. Results obtained from the partially specular and partially diffuse interface scattering model are in good agreement with experimental data on GaAs/AlAs superlattices. The study shows that the atomic scale interface roughness is the major cause for the measured reduction in the superlattice thermal conductivity. This work also suggests that by controlling interface roughness, the effective thermal conductivity of superlattices made of bulk materials with high thermal conductivities can be reduced to a level comparable to those of amorphous materials, while maintaining high electrical conductivities. This suggestion opens new possibilities in the search of high efficiency thermoelectric materials.

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18

Yin, Lan, S. Balaji, and S. Seetharaman. "Effects of Nickel on Interface Morphology during Oxidation of Fe-Cu-Ni Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.318.

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Steel produced in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) contain a high amount of copper that causes a detrimental surface cracking phenomenon called hot shortness. Studies have found that nickel can alleviate hot shortness by increasing copper solubility in the Fe phase, decreasing oxidation rate and promoting occlusion [1-3]. Occlusion is a phenomenon whereby the copper-rich phase becomes incorporated into iron oxides. Nickel promotes occlusion by causing an uneven interface and increasing the number of internal oxides. The uneven interface is likely a result of the two concentration fields resulting from ternary diffusion of nickel, copper and iron in the Fe phase. This work is aimed at explaining why nickel causes wavy oxide/liquid-Cu and liquid-Cu/Fe interfaces. Constitutional super-saturation criterion [4] was applied to explain uneven interfaces caused by nickel. A model simulating diffusion behaviors of copper and nickel in Fe was developed by coupling Comsol Multiphysics® and Matlab®. Interface concentrations of copper and nickel and perturbation criterion values were calculated as a function of time. Modeling results show that (i) the nickel interface concentration first increases to a peak value then decreases slowly during oxidation process as a result of the change in oxidation rates, and (ii) the alloys with higher nickel contents have more potential for interface breakdown and this occurs within the initial linear oxidation regime.

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19

Yang, Wenfan, Jingyu Pang, Shijian Zheng, Jian Wang, Xinghang Zhang, and Xiuliang Ma. "Interface Effects on He Ion Irradiation in Nanostructured Materials." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162639.

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In advanced fission and fusion reactors, structural materials suffer from high dose irradiation by energetic particles and are subject to severe microstructure damage. He atoms, as a byproduct of the (n, α) transmutation reaction, could accumulate to form deleterious cavities, which accelerate radiation-induced embrittlement, swelling and surface deterioration, ultimately degrade the service lifetime of reactor materials. Extensive studies have been performed to explore the strategies that can mitigate He ion irradiation damage. Recently, nanostructured materials have received broad attention because they contain abundant interfaces that are efficient sinks for radiation-induced defects. In this review, we summarize and analyze the current understandings on interface effects on He ion irradiation in nanostructured materials. Some key challenges and research directions are highlighted for studying the interface effects on radiation damage in nanostructured materials.

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20

Christoffersen, Klaus, Christopher N. Hunter, and Kim J. Vicente. "Ecological Interface Design and Fault Management Performance: Long-Term Effects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 9 (October 1995): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900912.

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This paper presents a six-month longitudinal study of the effects of ecological interface design (EID) on fault management performance. The research was conducted in the context of DURESS II, a real-time, interactive thermal-hydraulic process control simulation that was designed to be representative of industrial systems. Subjects' performance on two interfaces was compared, one based on the principles of EID and another based on a more traditional piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) format. Subjects were required to perform several control tasks, including startup, tuning, shutdown, and fault management on both routine and non-routine faults. At the end of the experiment, subjects used the interface that the other group had been using to control the system. The results indicate that there are substantial individual differences in performance, but that overall, the EID interface led to faster fault detection, more accurate fault diagnosis, and faster fault compensation.

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21

Chen, Chih-ming, and Sinn-wen Chen. "Electromigration effects upon the low-temperature Sn/Ni interfacial reactions." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 6 (June 2003): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0177.

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Sn/Ni interfacial reactions at 100 °C with and without the passage of electric currents were studied by using the Sn/Ni/Sn sandwich-type reaction couples. The Ni3Sn4 and metastable NiSn3 phases were formed at both the Sn/Ni and Ni/Sn interfaces in the couples reacted at 100 °C without the passing through of electric currents. Metallographical analyses revealed that the metastable NiSn3 phase nucleated and grew at the grain boundary, and the growth rate of the NiSn3 phase was much faster than that of the Ni3Sn4 phase. For the couples with the passage of electric currents of 4 × 103 A/cm2 density, the Ni3Sn4 reaction layers were found at both interfaces as well. However, the NiSn3 phase was found only at the Ni/Sn interface where the directions of electron flow and Ni diffusion were the same, and the NiSn3 phase was not found at the Sn/Ni interface. The NiSn3 phase formed at the Ni/Sn interface was found to nucleate and grow much faster than those without the passage of electric currents. It is likely that the electromigration effect enhances the movement of Ni atoms and accelerates the nucleation and growth of the NiSn3 phase while at the Sn/Ni interface, where the directions of electron flow and Ni diffusion are opposite, electromigration effects retard the movement of Ni atoms and inhibit the nucleation of the NiSn3 phase.

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22

Nguyen, Tai D., Ronald Gronsky, and Jeffrey B. Kortright. "Fresnel fringe effects at interfaces of thin multilayer structures." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010017534x.

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Recent developments in the TEM Fresnel-fringe technique have provided an alternative method to the determination of structures and morphology of interfaces in multilayer thin film structures. This method has been employed in the investigation of structures and defects in grain boundaries, dislocations, precipitate platelets, twin boundaries, metal interfaces, and multilayer structures. It has been demonstrated that the fringe spacing primarily relates to the layer thickness, while the fringe contrast as a function of defocus relates to the magnitude of the localized change in the scattering potential and thus to the interfacial composition. The profile of the fringes is more closely related to the abruptness of the composition change at the interface. Other factors affecting the Fresnel fringe intensity are the specimen thickness, aperture size, beam convergence, and degree of tilt of the interface from the incident electron beam.Fresnel fringes result from the electrons experiencing an abrupt change in the inner scattering potential parallel to the electron beam path. Most previous calculations of the Fresnel contrast with defocus have simulated models based on one square or symmetrical trapezoid-shaped potential well, which are applicable only to a single interface or grain boundary, or to a few layer pairs of the multilayer.

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23

Cheng, Fang Chao, and Ying Cheng Hu. "Stiffness of Fiber-Wood Bonding Interface with Wood Adhesives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.948.

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Effects of fiber fabric type, glue spread and adhesive kind on stiffness of fiber-wood bonding interface were investigated. Four different kinds of fiber fabric were bonded into poplar sample with three different adhesives and three different glue spread. Shear modulus of samples were measured by compression shear test to represent the stiffness of bonding interface. The results indicated that stiffness of GFF (Glass Fiber Fabric)-wood and GFMa (Glass Fiber Mat)-wood interfaces was better than that of two other interfaces and shear modulus of CFF (Carbon Fiber Fabric)-wood samples were the least of all. And the effects of glue spread and adhesive kind on stiffness of fiber-wood interface were significant.

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24

Chen, Chien-Hsiung, and Xiao Li. "Spatial Knowledge Acquisition with Mobile Maps: Effects of Map Size on Users’ Wayfinding Performance with Interactive Interfaces." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110614.

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Restricted by the small screen size, it is challenging for users to obtain all the wayfinding content they need when utilizing mobile devices. This study investigated the effects of map size and interactive interface on users’ wayfinding performance and preference when using mobile devices. Two types of interactive interfaces (i.e., panning and peephole interfaces) and three different map sizes (i.e., small, medium, and large) were examined. The experiment was a 2 × 3 between-subjects design. Sixty participants were invited to complete five wayfinding tasks (i.e., Euclidean distance judgment, route distance judgment, landmark recognition, map section rotation, and route recognition), a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire, and the subjective preference questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) The participants’ wayfinding performance was affected by the map size and interactive interface; (2) the peephole interface was superior for the Euclidean distance judgment and the route recognition tasks; (3) it does not always take a significantly longer time to complete the task with the larger map when performing the map section rotation task with the panning interface; and (4) the usability scores of the peephole interface were considered above average, and it had a positive impact on the participants’ preferences.

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25

Zou, Zheng Guang, Kai Liu, Yu Fang Shen, Zhi Gang Xiao, Fei Long, and Yi Wu. "Adhesion of TiC/Fe Cermet Interface with C Vacancy: A First-Principles Study." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.368.

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This work focus on the effects of C vacancy on wetting of Fe to TiC/Fe at the cermet interfaces. We do the whole work using the first-principles density functional theories. The ideal work of adhesion of the pure interface is not big enough, comparing with the expeimental value. Our calculations suggest that the C vacancy at the interface is a very important factor for interface banding of TiC/Fe cermet composite. An adequate quantities of C vacancies at the interface can improve the wetting of TiC/Fe interfaces.

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26

Li, Zhiyuan, Lifeng Wang, Junfeng Wu, and Wenhua Ye. "Interface coupling effects of weakly nonlinear Rayleigh–Taylor instability with double interfaces." Chinese Physics B 29, no. 3 (March 2020): 034704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab6965.

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27

CHAUDHURI, ABHISHEK, DEBASISH CHAUDHURI, and SURAJIT SENGUPTA. "INDUCED INTERFACES AT NANOSCALES: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 05n06 (October 2005): 995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003966.

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We show how interfaces may be induced in materials using external fields. The structure and the dynamics of these interfaces may then be manipulated externally to achieve desired properties. We discuss three types of such interfaces: an Ising interface in a nonuniform magnetic field, a solid–liquid interface and an interface between a solid and a smectic like phase. In all of these cases we explicitly show how small size, leading to atomic-scale discreteness and stiff constraints produce interesting effects which may have applications in the fabrication of nanostructured materials.

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28

Adeleke, Daniel, Denis Kalumba, and Johnny Oriokot. "Asperities effect on polypropylene & polyester geotextile-geomembrane interface shear behaviour." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213017.

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The summary of this paper is focused on the result of a study that used quantitative measures of surface texture as the basis for examining the effects of asperities on the shear characteristics of geotextile-geomembrane interfaces. About 30 large direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the geotextile-geomembrane interface shear strength properties. The results indicated a non-linear failure envelopes and strain softening behaviour at a normal stress range of 50 – 400 kPa. For most interface tested, the polyester-geotextiles resulted in higher shear strength as compared with polypropylene-geotextiles. Also, the polyester and polypropylene geotextile interface with the high asperity geomembrane produces a similar percentage increase in friction angle at the residual state. For textured geomembranes interfaced with both geotextile, polyester geotextile exhibited relatively less time before failure. Also, asperity height has a more pronounced effect than asperity density on the residual interface shear strength. The outcome of this study would provide a recommendation and guide that can lead to an improved basis for geosynthetics selection in various engineering application.

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29

TSYMBAL, E., K. BELASHCHENKO, J. VELEV, S. JASWAL, M. VANSCHILFGAARDE, I. OLEYNIK, and D. STEWART. "Interface effects in spin-dependent tunneling." Progress in Materials Science 52, no. 2-3 (February 2007): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.10.009.

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30

MIBU, Ko. "Magnetic Interface Effects in Metallic Multilayers." Shinku 49, no. 12 (2006): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.49.695.

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31

Mendoza, C. D., M. E. H. Maia da Costa, and F. L. Freire. "Ageing effects at graphene/germanium interface." Applied Surface Science 497 (December 2019): 143779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143779.

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32

Borges, C. A. M., A. Marletta, R. M. Faria, and F. E. G. Guimarães. "Interface effects in ultrathin PPV layers." Synthetic Metals 135-136 (April 2003): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00610-0.

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33

Banfi, Francesco, Vittorio Bellani, Ignacio Gómez, Enrique Diez, and Francisco Domínguez-Adame. "Interface roughness effects in Gaussian superlattices." Semiconductor Science and Technology 16, no. 5 (March 19, 2001): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/16/5/305.

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34

Renard, J. P., and P. Beauvillain. "Interface Effects in Ultrathin Ferromagnetic Films." Physica Scripta T19B (January 1, 1987): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1987/t19b/014.

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35

TVERGAARD, V., and J. HUTCHINSON. "Mode III effects on interface delamination." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56, no. 1 (January 2008): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2007.04.013.

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Balachandran, R. M., and N. M. Lawandy. "Interface reflection effects in photonic paint." Optics Letters 20, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.001271.

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Reedy, E. D., and T. R. Guess. "Interface corner stress states: plasticity effects." International Journal of Fracture 81, no. 3 (1996): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00039575.

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Xiaohe Pan and V. J. Novotny. "Head material effects on interface tribochemistry." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 30, no. 2 (March 1994): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.312298.

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Bachour, Adel, Pirjo Vitikainen, Paula Virkkula, and Paula Maasilta. "CPAP interface: satisfaction and side effects." Sleep and Breathing 17, no. 2 (July 5, 2012): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11325-012-0740-0.

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Allen, L., and S. Stenholm. "Quantum effects at a dielectric interface." Optics Communications 93, no. 3-4 (October 1992): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(92)90537-2.

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Schmerling, Michael, S. Ponnekanti, S. T. Mear, A. Yeoh, Feng Chi, M. E. Fine, Z. Eliezer, and H. L. Marcus. "Nitridation of niobium alloys: interface effects." Materials Science and Engineering: A 162, no. 1-2 (April 1993): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(90)90036-3.

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Samson, B., S. R. P. Smith, C. T. Foxon, D. Hilton, and K. J. Moore. "Interface effects on phonons in superlattices." Solid State Communications 78, no. 5 (May 1991): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(91)90676-m.

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Bhargava, Rohit, Shi-Qing Wang, and Jack L. Koenig. "FT-IR Imaging of the Interface in Multicomponent Systems Using Optical Effects Induced by Differences in Refractive Index." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 3 (March 1998): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943653.

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For phase-separated multicomponent polymeric systems, characterization of the interface between the components is particularly challenging. We have observed an optical effect in the infrared that can be used to image the interface specifically. This method yields images of the interfaces based on the interfaces showing apparent absorption arising from changes in refractive index at frequencies far from the specific frequencies associated with the components of the mixture. This method has been applied to multicomponent samples of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals where the nature of the interface can be specifically altered by the application of an electric potential across the sample. Effects of this optical phenomenon on spectra from such multicomponent systems are discussed, and factors that complicate quantitative analysis of data from interfacial regions have been pointed out.

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Yamashita, Y., Y. Nakato, H. Kato, Y. Nishioka, and H. Kobayashi. "Effects of interface roughness on the density of interface states at ultrathin oxide/Si interfaces: XPS measurements under biases." Applied Surface Science 117-118 (June 1997): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(97)80074-8.

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Wang, Jian, and Yen Hsu. "The Relationship of Symmetry, Complexity, and Shape in Mobile Interface Aesthetics, from an Emotional Perspective—A Case Study of the Smartwatch." Symmetry 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091403.

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Products with interactive interfaces can be seen everywhere, and product interface design aesthetics is a topic that has begun to receive wide attention. Consumers’ perceptions of product interfaces come from their own emotions, and emotion plays a significant role in product interface design aesthetics. In other words, it must meet the users’ emotional and aesthetic requirements. Therefore, we need to better understand the aesthetic design criteria and how they stimulate specific emotional responses. This study takes the dial interface of smartwatches as its experimental sample and explores how the interaction effects of the screen shape (square and round) and the symmetry type and the complexity type of the interface design influence the users’ emotional arousal and valence. In addition, it analyzes the effects of the symmetry type, the complexity type, and the screen shape on the users’ arousal and valence. The results show that the attributes of interface design aesthetics (symmetry-asymmetry, complexity-simplicity, and square-round) affect the users’ emotional responses. Moreover, the interface shape is one of the important factors in the emotional response to an interface design. This paper, based on previous research, provides vital theoretical support for the relevant literature on interface design aesthetics and the users’ emotional state. In addition, it may provide a reference for designers and developers who wish to develop and implement emotional user interfaces that are designed to more effectively appeal to their emotions.

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Akbari Mousavi, Seyed Ali Asghar, A. A. Dashti, and A. Halvaee. "Effects of Operational Parameters and Heat Treatments on the Aluminum-Steel Explosively Welded Composite Plates." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.223.

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Explosive welding process is one of the effective methods in order to weld two dissimilar materials. Aluminum-steel composite was undergone heat treatments at temperatures between 2000C-5000C. In this study, the effects of explosive ratio and stand-off distance on the shape of the interface were studied. Moreover, the effects of various heat treatments on the interface strength are studied. The study shows that the type of the explosive, the magnitude of explosive ratio and standoff distance produces various interfaces with or without intermetallic compounds. The results show that effects of heat treatment on the aluminum-steel bond strength is depended upon the type and microstructure of straight, wavy and continuous melt produced at the interface. Moreover, the study shows that heat treatment gives rise to produce the brittle intermetallic compound of FeAl3 which lowers the weld strength. Having produced the smooth interface would reduce the heat treatment effects on lowering the weld strength.

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Liu, Yuwei, Yameng Ji, Fuhao Ye, Weizheng Zhang, and Shujun Zhou. "Effects of contact pressure and interface temperature on thermal contact resistance between 2Cr12NiMoWV/BH137 and γ-TiAl/2Cr12NiMoWV interfaces." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191018470l.

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Thermal contact resistance between interfaces is an important parameter in the analysis of temperature distribution for structural components. Thermal contact resistance between heat resistant steel 2Cr12NiMoWV/aluminum alloy BH137 interfaces and 2Cr12NiMoWV/titanium alloy ?-TiAl interfaces were experimentally investigated in the present paper. The effects of contact pressure and interface tem-perature were detailed. The temperature of contacting surfaces was from 80- 250?, and the contact pressure ranged from 2-17 MPa. All experiments were conducted in ambient atmosphere. Results showed that thermal contact resistance decreases with an increment of interface temperature or contact pressure. Under the same conditions of contact pressure and interface temperature, thermal contact resistance between 2Cr12NiMoWV and BH137 interfaces is lower than that between 2Cr12NiMoWV and ?-TiAl interfaces. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties was analyzed to explain the results. Furthermore, with the piston and piston pin as the research object, steady state temperature fields were simulated in cases of considering thermal contact resistance and without considering thermal contact resistance, respectively. The results showed that the maximum temperature of the piston pin will be lower when thermal contact resistance is considered.

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Li, Bei, Yunyue Elita Li, and Jizhong Yang. "Q-interface imaging using accumulative attenuation estimation." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): R509—R523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0759.1.

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A high-resolution Q model is beneficial for more accurate attenuation compensation and preferable for gas-related interpretation. Given an accurate velocity model, viscoacoustic/viscoelastic full-waveform inversion ( Q-FWI) could reconstruct a high-resolution Q model, but it requires significant computational cost due to the iterative process of solving viscoacoustic/viscoelastic wave equations. We have proposed an efficient high-resolution Q-interface imaging method through the following steps. First, we estimate the attenuated traveltime via inversion of the dynamic match filter between synthetic acoustic and observed viscoacoustic prestack records. Second, we derive virtual Q reflectivities via piecewise linear regression on the attenuated traveltime estimation. Finally, by convolving a source wavelet on the virtual Q reflectivities, we generate the virtual Q reflection gathers and migrate them through reverse time migration (RTM) to image the Q interfaces. The Q-interface information is essentially derived by comparing the accumulative attenuation effects estimated from near-offset primary reflections arriving at the same receiver successively in time, and the high resolution is assured by the piecewise linear regression based on prior knowledge of the Q-interface number along the depth. The key insight of our method is to use accumulative attenuation effects to derive immediate effects of Q interfaces (virtual Q reflections) in the prestack data domain, which are readily applicable for Q-interface imaging through simple acoustic RTM. Numerical examples demonstrate that our method produces unprecedented high-resolution images of Q interfaces along the vertical direction with satisfying positioning and interpretable polarity.

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Zheng, Liu, and Zhang. "An Investigation into the Effects of Weak Interfaces on Fracture Height Containment in Hydraulic Fracturing." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173245.

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Hydraulic fracturing is an effective method for developing unconventional reservoirs. The fracture height is a critical geometric parameter for fracturing design but will be limited by a weak interface. Fracture containment occurs when fracture propagation terminates at layer interfaces that are weaker than the surrounding rock. It always occurs in multilayer formation. Therefore, the mechanism of fracture height containment guides fracture height control in hydraulic fracturing. In order to study the fracture containment mechanism, this paper first calculates the propagation behaviour of the fracture in 3D under the influence of a weak interface through a block discrete element method and analyzes the geometric characteristics of the fracture after it meets the weak interface. Then, the induced stress of the hydraulic fracture on the weak interface is calculated by fracture mechanics theory, and the mechanism of blunting at the fracture tip is explained. Then, two kinds of interface slippage that can lead to blunting of the fracture tip are discussed. Based on the behavior of shear slippage at the interface, a control method for multilayer fracturing in thin sand-mud interbed and pay zone fracturing in shale is proposed. The results show that the fracture height is still limited by the weak interface in the formation without the difference of in-situ stress and rock properties. Interface slippage is the main factor impeding fracture propagation. Fracture height containment can be adjusted and controlled by changing the angle between the hydraulic fracture, the interface, and the stress state to strengthen and stiffen the interface. This study has a certain guiding significance for fracture height control in the design of hydraulic fracturing of shale or thin sand-mud interbed reservoirs.

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Spencer, B. J., S. H. Davis, G. B. McFadden, and P. W. Voorhees. "Effects of Elastic Stress on the Stability of a Solid-Liquid Interface." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 5S (May 1, 1990): S54—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3120850.

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The effects of elastic stress on the stability of solid-liquid interfaces under a variety of conditions are discussed. In the cases discussed, the nonuniform composition field in the solid, which accompanies either the melting process or the development of a perturbation on the solid-liquid interface during solidification, generates nonhydrostatic stresses in the solid. Such compositionally generated elastic stresses have been shown experimentally to induce a solidifying solid-liquid interface to become unstable. We are in the process of analyzing the effects of these stresses on the conditions for morphological stability of a directionally solidified binary alloy.

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