Journal articles on the topic 'Interface de-bonding'
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Dai, Ying, Xing Ji, Lin Ye, and Yiu Wing Mai. "The Reliability of Fragmentation Test." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.155.
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The single fiber fragmentation test has been continuously used to determine the interfacial shear strength. However, the results of the tests were still suspected by some researchers. To evaluate the reliability of the fragmentation test, the stress singularity near the interface end of fragmentation is investigated. According to the local failure modes near the interface end of a fiber fragment, there are three cases of the interface end conditions to be considered for the fragmentation tests: (A) fiber breaks only, without matrix cracking and de-bonding, (B) fiber breaks and matrix cracks, without interface de-bonding, (C) fiber breaks and interface de-bonds, with or without matrix cracking. After the singularity analysis of stress field near the interface end was depicted, it is obvious, that the interfacial shear strength given by the fragmentation test is not proper, because of that a stress singularity exists near the interface end.
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Wu, Ming Liang, Jian Kang Huang, Ri Hong Han, and Yu Shi. "Stress Simulation for DE-GMAW in Bonding Steel with Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.24.
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DE-GMAW (Double-Electrode Gas Metal Arc Welding) is a new welding technology. It is possible to change the melting current while the base metal current still be controlled at a desired level because the changed part of the melting current would be bypassed without flowing through the workpiece. So the heat input of base metal can be controlled accurately in DE-GMAW, and this welding method is suitable for dissimilar metal welding which has strict requirements for heat input of base metal, such as joining of steel and aluminum. On the basis of heat source model of DE-GMAW, numerical simulation and analysis on temperature field and residual stress for DE-GMAW in bonding steel and aluminum were done. The results show that residual stress after welding changed sharply from close 0 MPa to about 130 MPa at the interface of aluminum and steel. This value is greater than the binding force of steel, aluminum interface.
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Liu, Zhanke, Yin L. Young, and Michael R. Motley. "Transient Response of Partially-Bonded Sandwich Plates Subject to Underwater Explosions." Shock and Vibration 17, no. 3 (2010): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/919304.
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This paper investigated the influence of interfacial bonding on the transient response of sandwich plates subject to underwater explosions. It was found that un-bonded sandwich plates receive lower impact energy, and are able to dissipate more energy through plastic deformation of the foam core, than perfectly bonded plates. Consequently, interfacial de-bonding leads to lower net energy transfer from the explosion to the target structure although it also increases the structural deformation due to stiffness reduction. Parametric studies showed that theadvantage(diminishing of net energy transfer) is more significant than thedisadvantage(magnification of the interface deflection). Thus, interfacial de-bonding through active/passive mechanisms may be beneficial for blast-resistant designs.
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Yang, Seung Yong. "Cohesive Zone Parameters for the Interface between NiTi Shape Memory Alloy and CFRP." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.196.
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To explore the structural strength of CFRP shape memory alloy composites, it is necessary to evaluate the interface bonding strength. Jang and Kishi experimentally investigated the adhesive strength between NiTi fibers and CFRP composite [1]. In this paper, the interface de-decohesion behavior was simulated by three-dimensional cohesive zone method. The values of related numerical parameters were chosen to fit the experimental result.
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Du, Mao, Dongling Li, and Yufei Liu. "Investigation of Plasma Activated Si-Si Bonded Interface by Infrared Image Based on Combination of Spatial Domain and Morphology." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070445.
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This paper presents a detection method for characterizing the bonded interface of O2 plasma activated silicon wafer direct bonding. The images, obtained by infrared imaging system, were analyzed by the software based on spatial domain and morphology methods. The spatial domain processing methods, including median filtering and Laplace operator, were applied to achieve de-noising and contrast enhancement. With optimized parameters of sharpening operator patterns, disk size, binarization threshold, morphological parameter A and B, the void contours were clear and convenient for segmentation, and the bonding rate was accurately calculated. Furthermore, the void characteristics with different sizes and distributions were also analyzed, and the detailed statistics of the void’s number and size are given. Moreover, the orthogonal experiment was designed and analyzed, indicating that O2 flow has the greatest influence on the bonding rate in comparison with activated time and power. With the optimized process parameters of activated power of 150 W, O2 flow of 100 sccm and time of 120 s, the testing results show that the bonding rate can reach 94.51% and the bonding strength is 12.32 MPa.
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Vedovello, Silvia Amélia Scudeler, Marcelo Grigoletto, Mário Vedovello Filho, Heloísa Cristina Valdrighi, and Mayury Kuramae. "Knoop hardness of enamel and shear bond strength of brackets bonded with composite resin with and without fluoride." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 4 (August 2012): e1-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000400007.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness of enamel, shear bond strength and failure pattern (adhesive, bracket/resin interface or mixed) after bonding and debonding brackets, using resin composite with fluoride (Ortho Lite Cure, Ortho Source®) and without fluoride (Orthobond, Morelli®). METHODS: Fragments (6 mm x 6 mm) of 40 bovine incisor crowns were embedded in acrylic self-polymerizing resin. The Knoop hardness measurements were performed before and after bonding metal brackets. The specimens were divided into two groups, according to composite resin: with fluoride (Ortho Lite Cure, Ortho Source®) and without fluoride (Orthobond, Morelli®). After bonding, the specimens were submitted to demineralization and remineralization cycling for 14 days. Shear bond strength testing was performed in a universal test machine (EMIC), at 5 mm/min crosshead speed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between Groups I and II. After demineralization and remineralization procedures (DE/RE), the specimens bonded with Ortho Lite Cure showed higher Knoop hardness than Orthobond. For both groups there was predominance of failure at bracket/resin interface. CONCLUSION: specimens bonded with fluoride resin composite showed higher microhardness after DE/RE cycling than those bonded with resin composite without fluoride, although no difference in shear bond strength was found.
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Dai, Ying, Xing Ji, and Guo Dong Jiang. "Effect of Stress Singularity on Stress Distribution and Initial Debonding of Interface End." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.641.
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Interfacial stress distribution of bonded quarter planes subjected a concentrated force was re-investigated based on Bogy’s solution [1]. It’s found that the characteristic length of the singularity of interface end (δ), varies with the index of stress singularity at interface end from millimeter to nanometer. This is a unique characteristic of stress singularity at interface end. How the characteristic length of the singularity of interface end (δ) influences the initial de-bonding of the interface end is a new question worth to pay attention. It’s found in the photoelasticity experiments that usually the debonding initiated at the interface end with singularity, but as the index of stress singularity, as well as the characteristic length of singularity of interface end, decrease to some extent, the initial debonding moves to an inner point near the interface end. This phenomenon clearly shows the index of stress singularity has obvious influence on the debonding of interface end.
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Lawrence, C. C., G. J. Lake, and A. G. Thomas. "New Technique for Measurement of Rubber-to-Metal Bond Failure." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547883.
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Abstract A new test, involving combined pure and simple shear, that can produce failure very close to the interface between the rubber and the bonding agent in a rubber-to-metal joint, is described. The test allows changes in the position of the tip of the de-bonded region to be followed with time, enabling the failure rate to be determined. The latter can be related to the strain energy release rate so that a fracture mechanics based analysis can be applied. Failure characteristics can be correlated with features of the de-bond surface. The results suggest that even when failure is very close to the interface, the measured strength is similar to that of the rubber.
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Neto, Julio Pedra e. Cal, José de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia, Natalia Valli de Almeida, Helen Rohen, and Maria Angélica Galvão Freire. "Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface between Composite and Lingual Brackets." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 6 (2013): 1106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1459.
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ABSTRACT Aim To test the null hypothesis was that there is no difference in the shear strength of indirectly bonded lingual brackets with or without prior application of metal primer on their bases. Materials and methods Forty recently extracted human premolars were obtained and randomly divided into two groups of 20 each: group I (control), phosphoric acid and indirect bonding with Maximum Cure (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA); and group II, application of metal primer (Metal Primer, Reliance Orthodontic Products) on bracket base prior to conditioning and indirect bonding. All products were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. A universal testing machine was used to apply a shear force directly onto the enamel- bracket interface at a speed of 1.0 mm/min. Results Mean (SD) shear bond strength for group I was 12.87 (5.75) MPa and for the group II was 18.47 (8.48) MPa. The Student's t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.0311) between the groups. The chi-square test for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) indicated that there was a significant difference (p = 0.2750). Conclusion The application of metal primer increased the adhesion of lingual brackets, and may be a promising procedure for clinical orthodontics. How to cite this article e Cal Neto JP, de Albuquerque Calasans-Maia J, de Almeida NV, Rohen H, Freire MAG. Effect of a Metal Primer on the Adhesive Interface Between Composite and Lingual Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1106- 1108.
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Filho, E. J. A., P. R. P. Motoyama, J. S. Mendonça, J. C. Silva, and T. A. D. Mendes. "A Eficácia Clínica da Técnica Úmida Etanólica em Restaurações de Resina Composta: Revisão de Literatura." Journal of Health Sciences 19, no. 5 (February 23, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p95.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a literatura a cerca da eficácia clínica na técnica úmida etanólica (TUE) em restaurações com resinas compostas. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme e Cochrane Library de artigos em inglês do período de 2007 a 2017, utilizando os seguintes descritores: Dentin, Dentin-Bonding Agents e Ethanol como estratégia de busca. Foram encontrados 101 artigos, dos quais apenas os ensaios clínicos foram selecionados, totalizando 6, mediante a relevância, sendo os demais artigos excluídos do presente estudo. A TUE consiste na substituição de água livre em dentina por solvente livre de água, etanol absoluto. A técnica simplificada consiste na aplicação de etanol absoluto por 1 minuto, previamente a aplicação do “Bond”, de adesivo convencional de 3 passos. A TUE tem se mostrado bastante promissora, pois vai haver a remoção de água presente na dentina, através de desidratação química e um encolhimento das fibras colágenas permitindo que os monômeros hidrofóbicos penetrem mais facilmente em dentina, sem o uso de “primers”. Dessa forma, diminuirá a sorção dos monômeros, consequentemente a hidrólise e a degradação da interface de união restauração/adesivo, aumentando a longevidade da restauração. Entretanto quando se trata de estudos clínicos a sua eficácia ainda não é bem estabelecida, acredita-se que seja por ação da pressão pulpar. Dessa forma, são necessários mais estudos clínicos e um maior período de observação para avaliar a durabilidade clínicas de restaurações com essa técnica.Palavras-chave: Dentin. Dentin-Bonding. Agents. Ethanol.
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Salgado, Eric N., Xavier I. Ambroggio, Jeffrey D. Brodin, Richard A. Lewis, Brian Kuhlman, and F. Akif Tezcan. "Metal templated design of protein interfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 5 (December 23, 2009): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906852107.
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Metal coordination is a key structural and functional component of a large fraction of proteins. Given this dual role we considered the possibility that metal coordination may have played a templating role in the early evolution of protein folds and complexes. We describe here a rational design approach, Metal Templated Interface Redesign (MeTIR), that mimics the time course of a hypothetical evolutionary pathway for the formation of stable protein assemblies through an initial metal coordination event. Using a folded monomeric protein, cytochrome cb562, as a building block we show that its non-self-associating surface can be made self-associating through a minimal number of mutations that enable Zn coordination. The protein interfaces in the resulting Zn-directed, D2-symmetrical tetramer are subsequently redesigned, yielding unique protein architectures that self-assemble in the presence or absence of metals. Aside from its evolutionary implications, MeTIR provides a route to engineer de novo protein interfaces and metal coordination environments that can be tuned through the extensive noncovalent bonding interactions in these interfaces.
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Oppermann, Hermann, Lothar Dietrich, Matthias Klein, Bernhard Wunderle, and Herbert Reichl. "Nano-Porous Gold Interconnect." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 002249–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-tha31.
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Pure metal contacts offer some advantage as high thermal and electrical conductivity, ductile deformation behavior and reduction of mechanical peak stresses. They are used in flip chip assemblies as gold bumps, in die attach as sintered silver powder or as gold layer on very smooth surfaces for wafer bonding. Analyzing the demands in most suitable material properties we were looking for a compressible metal contact, which could compensate for all implanarities, with a highly reactive surface to reduce bonding temperature. It should be a noble metal, but with good adhesion to polymers. We have developed a nanoporous metal layer processed by electroplating a silver-gold alloy with 20 to 30% gold. High plating rates could be achieved exceeding those of standard gold electrolytes. Subsequent de-alloying by etching off the silver provides a nano-porous gold layer as an open-porous sponge with 70 to 80% porosity. Pore and ligament size were measured from different samples between 20 to 100 nm. Aging experiments showed the coarsening of pore size. We have successfully plated nano-sponge layer of 10 μm height on top of gold bumps on wafer level. But we don't see a limitation yet to further increase the thickness of gold nano-sponge. Chips were bonded by thermocompression resulting in a reduction of bump height without changing the bump diameter. At lower bond force and lower bond temperature the collapse of the porous structure occurred in the bond interface mainly, leaving the porosity in most of the bump volume unchanged. This leads to a new interconnect structure of high porosity. For very high porosity stiffness should be reduced with the square of the volume ratio. We therefore expect improved reliability due to the reduction in stiffness. Due to the compressible deformation behavior of the nano-sponge it could improve the yield during wafer-to-wafer bonding and stacking as the particle will be absorbed into the sponge. This allows bonding of wafers without the need of planarization the dielectric layer, e.g. due to steps over conductor lines. Therefore we will use the nano-sponge in stacking and 3D integration. Beside compression bonding and sintering we use the nano-sponge also as a thermal interface for adhesives. Filler particles are pressed into the sponge structure leading to a larger contact area between particle and substrate surface, thereby the adhesive matrix can penetrate into the open porous film. The locking interface should also provide very high adhesion strength.
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Xu, Xiaopeng, Xi-Wei Lin, Youxin Gao, and Soren Smidstrup. "(Invited) 3DIC Hierarchical Thermal and Mechanical Analysis with Continuum and Atomistic Modeling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 17 (October 9, 2022): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0217845mtgabs.
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3D IC heterogeneous integration technologies employ numerous materials with widely varying thermal and mechanical properties and distinct deformation behaviors. During 3D integration processes, the constituent materials undergo various thermal cycles. Because of thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, the materials are essentially subject to mechanical loadings for these thermal ramps. The resulting chip, package, and board interactions lead to 3D stack warpage, silicon mobility variation, and material damage. Under operation conditions, heat can be trapped between insulation layers and leads to nonuniform temperature rises. Elevated local temperatures can change carrier mobility, relax mechanical stress, and affect material deformation behaviors. Consequently, these local temperature rises can affect device performance, structure integrity, and material reliability. To accurately assess these thermal and mechanical effects, extract design rules, optimize designs, and develop performance and reliability mitigation methodologies, it is of paramount importance to characterize material deformation and interface de-bonding behaviors, map chip temperature distributions, and analyze stress hotspot evolutions during integration process and under operation conditions while developing 3D IC integration technologies [1]. In this study, a multiscale hierarchical modeling approach is assembled to analyze thermal, mechanical, and material deformation and interface de-bonding behaviors under 3D integration process and operation conditions for a newly designed 3D IC package with a 2nm SOC die copper-bonded on an RDL interposer [2]. The 3DIC structures are constructed directly using GDSII design and ITF technology data [3]. Each structural layer is divided into small smear tiles. Each tile is represented by anisotropic thermal and mechanical properties that depend on local feature patterns in the tile. Under given operation conditions, power grids are generated and used as heat sources for thermal analysis. For multiscale hierarchical modeling, the global thermal and mechanical analyses that call for coarse grain resolution are first performed. The subsequent local analyses that provide fine grain resolution in areas of interests utilize boundary conditions that are extracted from the global analyses. The material deformation and interface de-bonding behaviors are simulated using molecular dynamics [4]. Several 3D integration design options are explored. The 3D configuration effects on chip temperature distributions during operations, stack warpages, silicon mobility variations, and chip package interaction induced stress hotspots are examined. The elevated temperature impacts on material deformation and de-bonding process are also investigated. References: “Heterogenous Integration Roadmap”, 2022, https://eps.ieee.org/hir “Heterogeneous Integration Enabled by the State-of-the-Art 3DIC and CMOS Technologies: Design, Cost, and Modeling”, X. Lin et al., International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM Technical Dig., 2021 “Sentaurus Interconnect User Guide”, 2022, https://www.synopsys.com/silicon/tcad “Quantum ATK: An integrated platform of electronic and atomic-scale modelling tools”, S. Smidstrup et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 32, 015901, 2020
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Chaves, Thais Mariana Neves, Amanda M. Mushashe M. Mushashe, Rodrigo Otavio Jatahy Ferreira do Amaral, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga, and Carlos Eduardo E. Rezende. "Efeito da vibração sônica na película de cimento para união de pinos de fibra de vidro à dentina radicular – avaliação por MEV Effect of sonic vibration on cement film for bonding fiberglass posts to root dentin – SEM evaluation." RSBO 16, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v16i1.782.
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Introduction: The loss of retention of prefabricated fiber pins is a relatively frequent clinical complication. Different techniques for cementation have been studied and developed in order to reduce the chances of failure. In this context, the technique that uses a sonic vibration for cementing fiber pins appears. Objective: To evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the sonic vibration effect on the cementation line between fiberglass pins and root dentin in bovine roots. Material and methods: Roots of bovine incisors wereendodontically treated and randomly distributed into four groups: SVS (conventional application of the system and cement), VSA (sonic application of adhesive system + conventional application of cement), VSP (conventional application of the information system + sonic application of cement) and VSAP (sonic application of the information system + sonic application of cement). Subsequently, slices of each root were obtained, corresponding to the cervical,middle and apical thirds. The slices were submitted to SEM analysis to evaluate the cementation line, verifying distribution and size of defects, considering three different locations: cement/pine interface (CP); internal layer of cement (LC); cement/dentin interface (CD). Results: An analysis of the results allowed to verify the incidence of minor faults in the apical region and suffered a gradual increase from apical to cervical in all the studied groups. Regardless of theused technique the greatest absolute number of defects was in the cement/dentin interface. Conclusion: The application and assembly technique can influence the characteristics of the cementation line between the fiberglass pin and dentine walls of the root canal.
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Guo, Wenfeng, Xiaoyu Dong, Yan Li, Yingwei Zhang, Lei Shi, and De Tian. "Simulations on vibration mode and distribution of shear stress for icing aluminum plate excited by ultrasonic vibration." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 2020): 168781402091123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020911231.
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Some equipment have low efficiencies and safety when their surfaces are covered with ice, such as wind turbine and airplane, so de-bonding ice on such kind of equipment surface is necessary. In this article, the ultrasonic de-icing method based on icing aluminum plate is researched by finite element method. First, the natural frequency of icing aluminum plate changing with thickness of ice is simulated by modal analysis. Then, the distributions of shear stresses at the interface between aluminum plate and ice layer changing with excitation frequencies are simulated by harmonic analysis. Second, the shear stress and de-icing area influenced by the size of piezoelectric ceramic and excitation voltage are analyzed. The simulation results show that there is lowest natural frequency with optimum thickness of ice layer used to de-bond ice for ultrasonic de-icing system. The optimum distribution law of shear stress at the interface between ice layer and aluminum is decided. In this condition, the shear stress and de-icing area increase along with the excitation voltage. However, the de-icing area increases slowly. All the simulation results lay a theoretical foundation for future experiments and application of ultrasonic de-icing.
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Chiter, Fatah, Dominique Costa, Vincent Maurice, and Philippe Marcus. "Atomic Scale Insight into Corrosion Inhibition: DFT Study of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole on Locally De-Passivated Copper Surfaces." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 121507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac405c.
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A key factor for effective inhibition by organic molecules of the initiation of localized corrosion by pitting is their ability to form a protective organic film in locally de-passivated zones exposing the bare metal next to the oxide-covered surface. Herein, based on quantum chemical DFT calculations, we study the chemistry of the interface between 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and a copper surface partially covered by a Cu2O passive oxide film. The results show the adaptability of the molecule to adsorb strongly on the different zones, oxide or metal, of a locally de-passivated surface. However, differences in the local adsorption configurations, involving covalent bonding with H-bonding depending on oxide or metal and on conformer, thione or thiolate, lead to the formation of an inhomogeneous organic film. Increasing order of local adsorption strength is oxide walls < metal surface < oxide surface < oxide edges for the thione species, whereas there is no significant difference of local adsorption strength for the thiolate species. Our results suggest that both species of MBI can heal the oxygen and copper low coordinated sites as well as can protect the exposed metal surface, thus enhancing the barrier properties of the passivated surface even when locally defective.
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Cheng, DingXin, Dallas N. Little, Robert L. Lytton, and James C. Holste. "Surface Energy Measurement of Asphalt and Its Application to Predicting Fatigue and Healing in Asphalt Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1810, no. 1 (January 2002): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1810-06.
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Cohesive and adhesive bonding within the asphalt—aggregate system are directly related to the surface energy of the asphalt. The thermodynamic changes in the surface energy of adhesion and cohesion are related to the de-bonding of the interface between asphalt and aggregate and to cracks that may occur within the mastic, respectively. However, it is also true that thermodynamic changes in the surface energy are required to heal a fracture between the surfaces of the asphalt and the aggregate or within the mastic. The methodology and testing protocol for measuring the surface energy of asphalt are presented. Both the surface energy of dewetting (fracture) and the surface energy of wetting (healing) can be obtained from the contact angle measurement with the Wilhelmy plate method. Ten asphalts were tested; surface energies varied substantially as a function of asphalt composition and the level of aging to which the asphalt was subjected. By using thermodynamic theory, the adhesion and cohesion bonding energy within the asphaltaggregate systems were further analyzed. This analysis has the potential to select the most compatible asphalt—aggregate combination for mixtures. The surface energy is also a very important parameter in the fatigue and healing analysis of the asphalt pavement.
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Toudehdehghan, Abdolreza, and Md Mujibur Rahman. "Comparison Conventional Coated Beam with Functionally Graded Coated Beam." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23095.
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New materials are essential for the development and advancement in material manufacturing technology. A brief overview of the history of human civilization shows that from stone tools to the steel age and then to the space age, had proven that the revolution of materials is key for new technology development. Today, it is known that phenomenon such as interface delamination and de-bonding on a conventional thermal barrier coating (which are present in an environment with high temperature) degrades the performance of the material and its mechanical properties. In overcoming this adverse effects, two or more types of materials such as ceramic and metal are composed together creating a type of composite named Functionally Graded Material (FGM) in the literature. In studying the behavior of FGM, models based on a theoretical derivation of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory using the superposition method clearly demonstrate the superiority of two different configurations of FGM against the conventional coated beam. The FGM coated and under coated models apply a power-law function on the material properties across the FGM layers in comparing the effects of thermo-mechanical loading to those of conventional coated beam. Specifically, the results show that FGM drastically reduces stress concentration preventing the initiation of any delamination or de-bonding.
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Gabr, Mohamed H., and Kiyoshi Uzawa. "Improving Interfacial Adhesion of Sub-Micro PA6 Composites with De-Sized Carbon Fiber." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.44.
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In our previous study we showed the the potential of using of sub-micro Alumina/Titanium (ALTi) particles as a multifunctional reinforcement which can produce multifunctional polymer composites. This paper aims to investigate the interfacial shear properties for different contents of ALTi particles incorporated into PA6 with de-sized carbon fiber. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), activated carbon atoms can be detected, which are defined as the carbon atoms conjunction with oxygen and nitrogen. Sizing removal can reduce the acid parameter of carbon fibers surface promoting bonding strength at the fiber/matrix interface which is a desirable property for the carbon fiber composites. XPS also, showed that epoxide group still appeared with using acetone treatment while disappeared with conventional heating at the oven for 25min ate 450oC. SEM images did not show any damage for the carbon fiber after heat treatment. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) showed an improvement in interfacial adhesion with de-sizing carbon fiber than neat PA6.
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Tayeh, Bassam A., Badorul Hisham Abu Bakar, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, and A. M. Zeyad. "Flexural Strength Behavior of Composite UHPFC - Existing Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.32.
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Ultra high performance fiber concrete (UHPFC) is an advanced formula concrete that is proven to be more superior than conventional concrete because it embrace the qualities of steel and concrete. Therefore UHPFC properties which include high durability and strength are fully exploited in the research of rehabilitation and strengthening in concrete and even non-concrete structures. This article presents the findings of an experimental study carried out to examine the bonding strength behaviour between normal concrete (NC) substrate and UHPFC as a repair material, under flexural strength test by using third-point loading beam test method. Three types of NC substrate surface preparation were used: as-cast (without surface preparation) as a reference, wire-brushed, and sand-blasted. The flexural test results clearly indicated that all failures occurred through the NC substrate and no de-bonding was observed in the interface between NC substrate and UHPFC. The results of the flexural strength confirmed that adhesion bond strength between NC substrate and UHPFC was stronger than the substrate regardless, the substrate roughness. This proves that UHPFC is able to link and bond strongly with the substrate.
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Hong, Ki-Nam, Won-Bo Shim, Yeong-Mo Yeon, and Kyu-San Jeong. "Strain Response Characteristics of RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP Sheet Using BOTDR." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176005.
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This paper presents the structural behaviors of reinforced concrete (RC) beams that have been strengthened with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets experimentally and numerically. Test specimens were subjected to four-point bending, and structural behavior was observed using a strain gauge and a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) sensor. Non-linear finite element analysis was conducted to examine the applicability and reliability of numerical models using the commercial finite element code, LS-DYNA. In the results, the de-bonded section between the beam substrate and CFRP sheet affected the initial crack in the structure, while the ultimate load, which is related to structural failure, was unaffected. The predicted results correlated well with the experimental observations in terms of the trend of the load-displacement curve, initial crack load, ultimate load and failure mode. Additionally, it is shown that the de-bonding behaviors in the interface were examined using the strain distributions for the CFRP sheets through the experiment and numerical simulations.
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Lin, Chun-Li, Shao-Fu Huang, Hui-Chin Tsai, and Wen-Jen Chang. "Finite element sub-modeling analyses of damage to enamel at the incisor enamel/adhesive interface upon de-bonding for different orthodontic bracket bases." Journal of Biomechanics 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.038.
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Lin, Wen-Hsueng, Heng-Liang Liu, Chun-Li Lin, and Hui-Chin Tsai. "MICROMECHANICAL ANALYSIS AND CRACK PROPAGATION SIMULATION OF ENAMEL/CERAMIC ADHESIVE INTERFACE IN AN INCISOR VENEER USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT SUBMODELING AND ELEMENT DEACTIVATION APPROACHES." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 05 (October 2009): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001416.
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Retention of veneering materials to the tooth influences the survival rate in which depends primarily on an adequate adhesive bonded to enamel and ceramic substrates. Microleakages associated with resin monomers penetrating in enamel–etched porosities arise as the key issue to cause crack propagation and induce de-bonding in adhesive layer. The aim of this study is to investigate the micromechanical responses and crack propagation in a ceramic veneer adjacent to an incisal-overlapped incisor using the finite element (FE) submodeling and the element deactivation techniques. Section contours of an intact maxillary central incisor were acquired from microcomputed tomography (CT) to construct a three-dimensional (3D) FE macromodel considered with butt joint veneer design using mapping mesh approach. Ten loads from 10 to 100 N increments with 10 N were applied with an angulation of 60° to the tooth longitudinal axis at the incisal edge in the macromodel as the loading conditions to perform the simulations. The micromodel was constructed at an enamel–adhesive interface, where was the stress concentration area in the macromodel. The morphology and dimensions of the resin tags at the interface were assigned based on a SEM micrograph. Boundary conditions of the micromodel were determined from the macromodel results. An iterative code with the element deactivation technique was used while the local element stresses exceeding a self-testing tensile strength in adhesive layer to simulate the microcrack propagation. Stress concentration within the adhesive occurred at the enamel–adhesive interface of the lingual edge from the macromodels findings and at their resin tags base from the micromodels results. The maximum stress value in the micromodel exceeded the tensile strength (11.8 MPa) of resin cement when loading condition was 50 N. A simulated fracture path was found at the resin tags base along the enamel–adhesive interface from lingual to labial side. This study indicated that the FE submodeling and the element deactivation techniques could simulate efficiently the micromechanical responses and the microcrack propagation noted at the enamel–adhesive interface in the veneer system.
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LIN, CHUN-LI, and JIAN-JIA CHEN. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SPAN LENGTHS AFFECTING MECHANICAL RESPONSES IN ANTERIOR RESIN-BONDED FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 17, no. 03 (June 25, 2005): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237205000196.
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The geometric shape and mechanical structure of RBFPD compared to conventional FPD are relatively complex and unstable. The low retention rate between the retainer and abutment affects the prosthesis/abutment interface de-bonding, and closely relates to the design of the prosthesis and varied occlusion status. This study used reverse engineering (RE) and computer-assisted design (CAD) to construct two solid models of anterior RBFPD with different span lengths. After mesh generation, biomechanical interactions of span length in RB prosthesis with two loading conditions (axial and lateral) were performed by FE analysis. The simulated results indicated that lateral occlusal force increased significantly 2-3 times maximum stress than that of axial occlusal force. For different span lengths simulation, the analysis on static movement finds that longer pontic would lead to high stress to the prosthesis. Thus, the length of the pontic has significant effect on the overall intensity of the prosthesis under static clenching loading, and the effect of lateral loading exceeds that of axial loading.
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Machado, Juliana Costa, Charles Souza Santos, Aline Vieira Simões, Sinara de Lima Souza, Vanda Palmarella Rodrigues, and Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela. "Dimensão prática das representações sociais de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher." Enfermería Global 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 216–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.503591.
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Objective: To understand the practical dimension of the social representations of community health agents about domestic violence against women.Methodology: This is a research study with a qualitative approach grounded on the Theory of Social Representations and carried out in Family Health Units in a municipality from the inland of Bahia, with participation of 30 community health agents. Data production took place through the technique of in-depth interviews and lexical analysis; the IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pourles Analyzes Multidimensionales de Textes et de Questionnaires) software was used and the data were processed by means of the Descending Hierarchical Classification method.Results: It was revealed that the care practices for women in situations of domestic violence are based on the technical dimension through home visits; on the relational dimension anchored in listening, bonding and trust; and on the guidance dimension by the ability to establish an information exchange and management process. They presented conceptions about services and professionals that comprise the care network for women in situations of violence, revealing weaknesses at work that hinder development of actions.Final considerations: It is understood that community health agents are important professionals in the prevention, identification and confrontation of domestic violence against women and need multiprofessional and intersectoral support to meet the demands of these women. Objetivo: Comprender la dimensión práctica de las representaciones sociales de los agentes comunitarios de salud sobre la violencia intrafamiliar contra la mujer.Metodología: Se trata de una investigación de enfoque cualitativo sustentada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizada en Unidades de Salud de la Familia de un municipio del interior de Bahía, con la participación de 30 agentes comunitarios de salud. La producción de datos se realizó mediante la técnica de entrevista en profundidad y análisis léxico; Se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pourles Analyzes Multidimensionales de Textes et de Questionnaires) y los datos fueron procesados por el método de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente.Resultados: Reveló que las prácticas de atención a mujeres en situación de violencia intrafamiliar se basan en dimensiones técnicas a través de visitas domiciliarias; relacional anclado en la escucha, la vinculación y la confianza; orientación por la capacidad de establecer un proceso de intercambio y gestión de información. Presentaron concepciones sobre los servicios y profesionales que integran la red de atención a las mujeres en situación de violencia, revelando debilidades en el trabajo que dificultan el desarrollo de las acciones.Consideraciones finales: Se entiende que los agentes comunitarios de salud son profesionales importantes en la prevención, identificación y enfrentamiento de la violencia intrafamiliar contra la mujer y necesitan un apoyo multidisciplinario e intersectorial para atender las demandas de estas mujeres. Objetivo: Compreender a dimensão prática das representações sociais de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher. Metodologia: Trata-se de investigação de abordagem qualitativa apoiada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do interior da Bahia, com a participação de 30 agentes comunitários de saúde. A produção de dados ocorreu a partir da técnica de entrevista em profundidade e análise lexical; utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pourles Analyses Multidimensionneles de Textes et de Questionnaires) e os dados processados pelo método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: Revelaram que as práticas assistenciais às mulheres em situação de violência doméstica são pautadas nas dimensões técnica através da visita domiciliar; relacional ancorada na escuta, vínculo e confiança; orientação pela capacidade de estabelecer um processo de troca de informações e gerencial. Apresentaram concepções sobre serviços e profissionais que compõem a rede de atenção à mulher em situação de violência desvelando fragilidades no trabalho que dificultam o desenvolvimento de ações. Considerações finais: Entende-se que os agentes comunitários de saúde são profissionais importantes na prevenção, identificação e enfrentamento da violência doméstica contra a mulher e necessitam de apoio multiprofissional e intersetorial para atender às demandas dessas mulheres.
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Gré, Cristina Parise, Renan C. de Ré Silveira, Shizuma Shibata, Carlo TR Lago, and Luiz CC Vieira. "Effect of Silanization on Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Resin Cements to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 2 (2016): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1818.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the influence of a silane-coupling agent on the bond strength of a self-adhesive cement and a conventional resin cement to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Materials and methods A total of eight ceramic blocks were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 2). In groups 1 and 3, ceramic surfaces were etched with hydrofluoric acid 10% for 20 seconds, rinsed for 30 seconds, and air-dried. One layer of a silane agent was applied onto all ceramic specimens and air-dried for 30 seconds. In groups 2 and 4, ceramic surfaces were etched with hydrofluoric acid, rinsed, and air-dried without application of the silane-coupling agent. The ceramic blocks were bonded to a block of composite with a self-adhesive resin cement or with a conventional resin cement, according to the manufacturer's instructions. After 24 hours in distilled water at 37°C, the specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the bonding interface area to obtain beams with a bonding area of 0.8 mm2 and submitted to a microtensile bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and the Games–Howell post hoc test (p = 0.05). Fractured specimens were examined under optical microscopy at 40× magnification. Results Silanization resulted in higher microtensile bond strength compared to groups without silane. No significant differences were found between the conventional resin cement and the self-adhesive resin cement with silane agent (p = 0.983), and without silane agent (p = 0.877). Conclusion Silanization appears to be crucial for resin bonding to a lithium disilicate-based ceramic, regardless of the resin cement used. The self-adhesive resin cement performed as well as the conventional resin cement. Clinical significance Applying one layer of a silane-coupling agent after etching the ceramic surface with hydrofluoric acid 10% enhanced the bond strength between resin cements and a glass ceramic. How to cite this article Gré CP, de Ré Silveira RC, Shibata S, Lago CTR, Vieira LCC. Effect of Silanization on Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Resin Cements to a Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):149-153.
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Wang, Hong Sheng, Ling Li, Chong Hai Wang, Yong Li, and Qi Hong Wei. "Effect of Tetraethoxysilane Infiltration on Properties of 2.5D Quartz Fibers Reinforced Silica." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.635.
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In this study, 2.5 dimensional quartz fibers reinforced fused silica (2.5D SiO2f/SiO2) composites were prepared by in-situ solidification vacuum-assisted liquid-phase infiltration method using Si-sol and tetraethoxysilane. Composites’ tensile strength and compressive strength were tested by universal testing machine, and the microstructures of the specimen were observed by scanning electron microscopy (FEI Sirion 200). The ultimate sintering temperature was chosen by the differential thermal analysis of tetraethoxysilane gel and the effect of sintering temperature on the composites’ tensile strength. Densification behavior, mechanical properties and microstructures of the composites were investigated. The results show that tetraethoxysilane infiltration process is an efficient route for the preparation of SiO2f/SiO2 composites, after two cycles when the weight was no longer increased using Si-Sol infiltration, the density of SiO2f/SiO2 composites increases from 1.63 to 1.74g/cm3, while the tensile strength and compressive strength, respectively, increase from 31.2 to 52.7MPa and 59.0 to 129.7 MPa. And the interface de-bonding and distinct fibers pull-out of the fracture faces show that it is non-brittle fracture. The enhanced mechanism of tetraethoxysilane infiltration was also analyzed in this paper.
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Chokcharoenchai, Bandith, Nontawate Kraitape, Thanapon Kattiyaboot, Rattiya Rodsantia, and Chanchai Thongpin. "Cure Characteristics, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Partially Cured NBR Blended with NR." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.463.
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This research is aimed to study the effect of partially cured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene rubber (NBR) blended with natural rubber (NR) and vulcanized with sulfur system. The research started with compounding NBR with zinc chloride, ZnCl2 in an internal mixer. The cure characteristic of the NBR compound was investigated using moving die rheometer (MDR). The compound NBR is then blended in NR at 160 °C. The temperature was then lowered to 50 °C before the addition of sulfur cure additives. Cure characteristic of the rubber blends were investigated and found that the increasing of NBR caused shortened in scorch time. Rubber blends morphology was investigated using SEM. NBR was found dispersed in NR phase. The particle size of dispersed NBR was increased with its content. This is due to high viscosity of NBR and hence larger particles will be obtained. The de-bonding at the interface was shown in SEM micrograph. The compound is then filled with fragrance absorbed fumed silica. The fragrance silica was added during milling of NBR and NR. The releasing behavior of fragrance was found dependent upon NBR/NR ratio.
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Avadh, Kumar, and Kohei Nagai. "3D RBSM Analysis of Bond Degradation in Corroded Reinforced Concrete as Observed Using Digital Image Correlation." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 6470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186470.
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The buildup of corrosion products over a reinforcing bar and associated reduction in rib height lead to degradation of the bond between reinforcement and concrete. The authors have previously used digital image correlation (DIC) to visualize and quantify load-induced cracking at the interface in specimens with varying degrees of corrosion. The results obtained in that study are used here to simulate the post-corrosion local bond behavior. A bond degradation model is incorporated into the discrete analysis tool, 3D Rigid Body Spring Model (RBSM) for the simulation. This analysis method allows the shape of the reinforcing bar to be directly modeled, and concrete cracking behavior is simulated by using a randomly shaped mesh. The magnitude of opening and sliding over the tips of ribs in the simulation, in which the reduction in rib height could not be modeled, is significantly lower than observed in the experiment. The results demonstrate that reduction in rib height is an important factor in post-corrosion behavior, and needs to be included in simulation models. It is also understood that in order to gain a better understanding of local post-corrosion bond behavior, de-bonding between reinforcement and concrete needs to be modeled in a discrete analysis framework.
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Yan, Chang, Xuding Song, Hui Zhu, Chuanhe Jing, and Shuo Feng. "Flexural response of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum foam sandwich." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 14 (October 5, 2017): 1887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317735166.
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Sandwich panels with carbon fiber fabric/epoxy resin face-sheet and aluminum foam core have a potential application value in the engineering field. To study the bending mechanical properties of the reinforced sandwich structure, three-point bending test was conducted by using WDW-T100 electronic universal tensile testing machine. The relation between load and displacement of the aluminum foam sandwich was obtained. Deformations and failure modes of the specimens were recorded. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the failure mechanism. Results showed that when aluminum foam was reinforced by carbon fiber fabric as face-sheet, its flexural load-carrying capacity and energy absorption ability improved significantly. Foam core density and number of carbon fiber plies had serious impacts on the peak load value and energy absorption value of the composite structure. It was suggested that aluminum foam core sandwich structure with low foam core density of 0.49 g/cm3 and 5 plies of carbon fiber fabric had the highest energy absorption ability and medium load-carrying ability. Failure modes analysis showed that shear failure leaded to the final failure of sandwich panels with medium peak load and interface de-bonding leaded to the final failure of sandwich panels with high peak load.
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Matthias, Thorsten, Eric Pabo, Juergen Burggraf, Daniel Burgstaller, Markus Wimplinger, and Paul Lindner. "Room Temperature Debonding - An Enabling Technology for TSV and 3D Integration." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 001755–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-wp14.
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Thin wafer processing is a critical technology for TSV manufacturing and 3D integration. Thin wafer processing allows to reduce the aspect ratio of the vias, thereby reducing the total processing cost and enables ultra-thin packages for handheld applications. Temporary bonding to a rigid support carrier and debonding after backside processing have been used for thin wafer handling/processing for many years. However, so far all the debonding methods imposed severe limitations on the manufacturability. For light induced debonding the carrier had to be transparent and for solvent based debonding the carrier had to be perforated. For thermally induced debonding, “slide-off debonding” the debonding temperature had to be below the reflow temperature of the solder bumps, which limited the maximal process temperature of the adhesive. In this paper we describe a new debonding method at room temperature. This new technology decouples the debonding process from the adhesive properties, which creates a de facto material independent debonding standard. As the debonding process does not rely on the adhesive properties a major boundary for adhesive engineering has been removed. The debonding method is compatible with bumps or pillars in the bond interface as well as on the backside of the wafer stack. No force is applied on the bumps during debonding which results in very high yields.
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Damasceno, Janaina Emanuela, Felipe Vilasboas Rodrigues, Luana Mendonça Dias, Patricia Akemi Nishitani Shibasaki, Max José Pimenta Lima, Roberto Paulo Corrreia De Araújo, Richard Mark Foxton, and Andrea Nóbrega Cavalcanti. "Effect of Dental Erosion and Methods for its Control on the Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Restorations with Different Adhesive Systems." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n5p437-444.
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AbstractThe dentin exposed to erosive challenges is often superficially protected to prevent progression of the lesion. This study investigated the marginal and internal adaptation of composite resin restorations made on surfaces that had first been treated with different methods for controlling erosion. Cavities with margins in dentin were prepared in bovine incisors (n=360) and were divided into three groups according to the method for controlling the erosive challenge: negative control, topical application of fluoride and resin-modified glass ionomer varnish. The specimens were then randomly divided into three sub-groups according to the exposure to simulated gastric acid solution (DES) (5% HCl, pH=2.2) and subsequent remineralization (RE): negative control, 9 and 18 cycles of DES-RE. Finally, teeth were divided into four groups, depending on the bonding agent used for composite resin restoration (n=10): conventional etch-and-rinse adhesive system (2 and 3 steps) and self-etching (1 and 2 steps). Front and internal images of the interface tooth/restoration were recorded in stereoscopic microscope (15x) to quantify the percentage of adhesive failures. Despite the promising results of the resin-modified glass ionomer varnish after 9 cycles; no protective material prevented increased internal defects after 18 erosive cycles. More continuous internal margins were noted with etch-and-rinse acid systems after more intense erosion. The maintenance of internal margins in eroded substrates was positively influenced by the resin-modified glass ionomer varnish and, under the most aggressive challenge, by the use of etch-and-rinse adhesives systems. Keywords: Tooth Erosion. Dentin. Acid Gastric. ResumoA dentina exposta a desafios erosivos é muitas vezes superficialmente protegida para prevenir a progressão da lesão. Este estudo investigou a adaptação marginal e interna de restaurações de resina composta realizadas em superfícies que foram previamente tratadas com diferentes métodos para controlar a erosão. Cavidades com margens em dentina foram preparadas em dentes incisivos bovinos (n=360) e divididas em três grupos de acordo com o método de controle do desafio erosivo: controle negativo, aplicação tópica de flúor e verniz de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina. Os espécimes foram então divididos aleatoriamente em três subgrupos de acordo com a exposição à solução de ácido gástrico simulada (DES) (HCl a 5%, pH = 2,2) e posterior remineralização (RE): controle negativo, 9 e 18 ciclos de DES-RE. Por fim, os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o agente de união utilizado para a restauração da resina composta (n=10): sistema adesivo convencional (2 e 3 passos) e autocondicionante (1 e 2 passos). Imagens frontais e internas da interface dente/restauração foram registradas em microscópio estereoscópico (15x) para quantificar a porcentagem de falhas adesivas. Apesar dos resultados promissores do verniz de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina após 9 ciclos; nenhum material de proteção impediu o aumento de defeitos internos após 18 ciclos erosivos. Margens internas mais contínuas foram observadas com sistemas adesivos convencionais após erosão mais intensa. A manutenção das margens internas em substratos erodidos foi influenciada positivamente pelo verniz de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina e, sob o desafio mais agressivo, pelo uso de sistemas de adesivos convencionais. Palavras-chave: Erosão Dentária. Dentina. Ácido Gástrico.
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Santos, Larissa Costa, Ravana Angelini Sfalcin, Eugenio José Garcia, Fátima Antônia Aparecida Zanin, Aldo Brugnera Junior, Daniela Fátima Teixeira Silva, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, and Sandra Kalil Bussadori. "Microleakage of "Bulk-Fill" Composite Resin for Class II Restorations Pretreated With CO2 Laser in Deciduous Molars: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2019.49.
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Introduction: Microleakage has been reported to cause dentin hypersensitivity because of the passage of bacteria and their products through the restoration-tooth interface and is one of the main reasons for replacement of restorations. CO2 laser can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the microleakage in composite restorations following surface pretreatment with acid etching and CO2 laser. Methods: Twelve human caries-free primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared on occlusal mesial and occlusal distal surfaces. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group 1 (G1) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 2 (G2) – 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply); Group 3 (G3) – CO2 laser irradiation + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative – Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 4 (G4) – CO2 laser irradiation + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply). Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Natural Bond DE, DFL). Specimens were cut longitudinally and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a magnifying glass at x3,5 and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Results: Scores prevailed between 0 and 2, however, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (P= 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that all composite resins bulk fill did not show significant difference among them regarding microleakage using either CO2 laser or 37% phosphoric acid etching.
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Do, Minh-Tan, Gilles Chanvillard, Claude Lupien, and Pierre-Claude Aïtcin. "Étude en laboratoire de l'adhérence béton de resurfaçage - dalle de chaussée." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-124.
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This paper presents a laboratory study on the bonding of a concrete overlay to an old slab. The main variables of the study were the bonding agents and the initial slab temperature when the overlay was placed. A flexure test setup, based on the theory of beams of elastic foundation, was developed. The results obtained were compared with those of the slant–shear test. Key words: bonding agent, debonding, elastic foundation, interface, beam.
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Kenny, Amit, and Amnon Katz. "Influence of the Interfacial Transition Zone Properties on Chloride Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete-Characterization of ITZ." Advanced Materials Research 95 (January 2010): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.95.69.
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Large part of life cycle cost of reinforced concrete structures, especially infrastructures, is maintenance costs, where steel corrosion induced by chlorides is the major part [1, 2]. Normally, concrete provides the reinforcing steel an environment that preserves it in its passive state. High chloride concentration in the vicinity of the steel can lead, however, to steel activation [3]. The chloride threshold for steel activation was found to be significantly different in variety of the closely related environments of concretes, mortars, and simulated pore solution. In concretes and mortars the chloride threshold was found to be significantly higher than that in simulated pore solutions [4]. Two parameters can be the underlying mechanism for this observation: 1. Concrete chemistry is different than that of the paste and common simulated pore solutions, or 2. the micro-structure of the concrete-steel interface is different [5, 6]. Soluble silicate ions in the pore solution, which may arise from the cement, pozzolans or aggregates, also influence the chloride threshold. Several studies showed that the passivation film formed in the presence of dissolved silicate is significantly different from that created in its absence. Hence, chemical differences in concrete composition, especially in the presence of pozzolans, can influence the chloride threshold [7-10]. Localized corrosion is explained by a mechanism of local concentration polarization across a pit or crevice. This mechanism is closely related to the local geometry. Thus, the micro-structure of concrete-steel interface may influence the levels at which concentration polarization occurs, thus affecting the chloride threshold and the localized corrosion development. Results from various studies on concrete reinforcement corrosion, support the model that explains localized corrosion by concentration polarization [11]. In this work, the concrete-steel interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is quantitatively characterized from back scattered electron microscopy images and pullout test, and is used for correlation with chloride threshold. A series of different concretes with different ITZ structure in the concrete-steel interface have been prepared. for each mix, specimens prepared for corrosion experiment, ITZ characterization, and pullout test. Corrosion experiment for chloride threshold is performed by unidirectional diffusion and capillary suction of 6% NaCl solution. Steel activation is monitored by half cell potential measurement; potential measurement of the tested bar against a second bar, located farther from the NaCl solution, as an internal reference; and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). When steel activation is observed, the concrete is drilled at the bar depth for chloride analysis. The method for quantification of the ITZ by image analysis is composed of three stages: image acquisition by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) on BEI (Backscattered Electron Image) mode, image classification into phases, and ITZ character quantification. Image classification is done by transforming the image, which contain only a scalar for any pixel, into multi-dimensional image, which contain a vector of properties scalar for any pixel. Transformation into multi-dimensional image is accomplished by filtering through various filters, to calculate pixel neighborhood parameters as average and texture. Than the Mean-Shift algorithm [12] is used for unsupervised image clustering, followed by classifying the clusters into physical phases. ITZ characters quantified are: ITZ thickness, and average and maximum of the minimal distance between steel and concrete for every pixel on the steel perimeter. In this work, ITZ thickness is defined by two separate algorithms: 1. the distance from the steel where porosity sharply decline, and 2. the distance from the steel where the porosity decreases to the average porosity 300 micrometers away from the steel surface. Minimal distance between steel and concrete is defined for any pixel on the steel surface as the closest solid concrete pixel. Pullout test is used for physical-performance characterization of the ITZ. Those physical characteristics are: slop at the linear region, bonding strength, maximum stress, and de-bonding energy. Not enough data obtained so far, for chloride ITZ relationship determination. Thus, this paper deals with the ITZ characterization and its relationship with the concrete mix properties. Because, no standard method exists for ITZ measurements and characterization, correlation between characters of the ITZ as obtained by the different methods listed above is needed in order to establish confidence. Low co-linearity between methods can result from: high variation of the ITZ among specimens from the same mix, nonlinear relationship, method inaccuracy, method measure different and unrelated characters, or the measured parameter is not a representative characteristic of the ITZ. Parameters of the minimum distances between steel and concrete were found to correlate with each other. Those parameters were found to be better correlated for vertical bars, while for the horizontal bars, ITZ thicknesses are better correlated. A combination of the different nature of the ITZ around vertical and horizontal bar with miss-classification of some pixels seems to be the cause for that. Typical measurements of ITZ thickness are 40 micrometer for vertical bars and 400 micrometer for horizontal ones. Typical maximum distances between steel and concrete are 12 micrometer for vertical bars and 25 micrometer for horizontal ones. Pullout test results per-se do not correlate due to scattered results. The averages of the results per mix are correlated. These results are better correlated when horizontal and vertical bars are dealt separately. Vertical bars properties are less correlated than the horizontals. The maximum stress during pullout of vertical bars is negatively correlated with the ITZ thickness, and the bonding strength is negatively correlated with the maximum porosity of the ITZ. The maximum stress of horizontal bars is negatively correlated with the ITZ thickness, as well as the bonding strength, and the measurement of the thickness by porosity drop yielded the best correlation. De-bonding energy, on the other hand, is positively correlated with parameters of minimum distance between steel and concrete, and with the ITZ thickness as measured by the average porosity method. Plotting relationships like ITZ thickness (porosity drop method) vs. maximum stress for all specimens demonstrate a relationship which is not linear (Figure 1). Mix properties influence on ITZ is highly bar orientation depended. For vertical bars, linear correlation with the mix properties is weak. A positive correlation can be found between the slump to the maximum of average distance between concrete and steel, and maximum porosity. This contrasts a reasonable assumption that higher slump will cause better consolidation around the rebar and will result in a denser ITZ. The variability of ITZ around a single bar, as represented by the maximum of the standard deviations of the distances between concrete and steel, increases as the bleeding duration increases. Other ITZ properties have some correlation with the bleeding duration as well. It may indicate some un-measured rheological properties of the fresh concrete, which influence the ITZ formation. Increase of powder content seems to reduce the maximum porosity around vertical bars. The energy absorbed during pullout is the only parameter that is well correlated with the mix properties for vertical bars. The w/c ratio, total bleeding, and bleeding rate contribute to increase the bonding energy of the vertical bars, while tend to decrease the bonding strength for horizontal bars as those properties increase. This result could be an indication for ITZ structure formation mechanism around vertical bars, which creates a microstructure that influences the fracture mechanism. For horizontal bars, the mix properties that best correlate with ITZ parameters are: powder content and water content, for the maximum ITZ thickness; and total bleeding, bleeding rate, and water content, for the average ITZ thickness. It can be inferred that raising both powder content and water content make the ITZ smaller. Powder content found to increase the average of the maximum porosity, but not to increase the maximum value itself. That means more evenly distributed porosity around the rebar when powder content is high. Water content is, commonly, associated with higher bleeding, which was found to make the ITZ thicker, but no correlation between water content and bleeding was found in the current work. Bleeding rate and total bleeding are highly correlated with the ITZ. Both found to increase the ITZ thickness. Water to cement ratio is somewhat correlated with the average of the ITZ thickness. That can be a result of negative correlation of the water to cement ratio with the powders content. Pullout parameters of horizontal bars are well correlated with mix properties. The only pullout parameter, which dose not correlate well with mix properties, is the de-bonding energy. The mix properties which are correlated with the pullout parameters are: total bleeding, bleeding rate, w/c ratio, and powders content. The water content found to have no correlation with all pullout parameters. The bleeding properties, total bleeding and bleeding rate, are unsurprisingly correlated as could be predicted by bleeding water lens formation phenomenon [5, 13], and as found by using image analysis. Water to cement ratio, is well correlated with the pullout parameters, as could be predicted, because it influences both concrete strength and bleeding. Powder content has lower linear correlation with the pullout parameters, compared with w/c ratio. Considering observations of other researchers, which emphasized the importance of voids at the steel bar-concrete interface [5, 6], a pronounced difference of chloride threshold is expected for vertical bars, relatively to horizontal, and among horizontal bars. The factor influencing the ITZ thickness around, or more accurately below, horizontal bars is the water bleeding. In practical use, the considered bleeding is the total bleeding below the bar, not the mix bleeding per-se, as was demonstrated by results of pullout tests [14]. It can be concluded that reducing water to powder ratio will reduce bleeding and consequently the ITZ thickness below horizontal bars, which is expected to increase chloride threshold and corrosion resistance.
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Tonetto, Mateus R., Ana CS Diniz, Larissa M. Pinheiro, Lauber J. dos Santosh Almeida, Carlos RG Torres, Shelon CS Pinto, Rudys R. De Jesus Tavarez, and Leily M. Firoozmand. "Influence of Different Etching Modes on Bond Strength to Enamel using Universal Adhesive Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 10 (2016): 820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1937.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The adhesive systems and the techniques currently used are designed to provide a more effective adhesion with reduction of the protocol application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of universal adhesive systems on enamel in different etching modes (self-etch and total etch). Materials and methods The mesial and distal halves of 52 bovine incisors, healthy, freshly extracted, were used and divided into seven experimental groups (n = 13). The enamel was treated in accordance with the following experimental conditions: FUE-Universal System – Futurabond U (VOCO) with etching; FUWE – Futurabond U (VOCO) without etching; SB-Total Etch System – Single Bond 2 (3M); SBUE-Universal System – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) with etching; SBUWE – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) without etching; CLE-Self-etch System – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) was applied with etching; CLWE – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) without etching. The specimens were made using the composite spectrum TPH (Dentsply) and stored in distilled water (37 ± 1°C) for 1 month. The microshear test was performed using the universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000 with the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The bond strength values were analyzed using statistical tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test) with Bonferroni correction. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), where FUE (36.83 ± 4.9 MPa) showed the highest bond strength values and SBUWE (18.40 ± 2.2 MPa) showed the lowest bond strength values. The analysis of adhesive interface revealed that most failures occurred between the interface composite resin and adhesive. Conclusion The universal adhesive system used in dental enamel varies according to the trademark, and the previous enamel etching for universal systems and the self-etch both induced greater bond strength values. Clinical significance Selective enamel etching prior to the application of a universal adhesive system is a relevant strategy for better performance bonding. How to cite this article Diniz ACS, Bandeca MC, Pinheiro LM, dos Santos Almeida LJr, Torres CRG, Borges AH, Pinto SCS, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Firoozmand LM. Influence of Different Etching Modes on Bond Strength to Enamel using Universal Adhesive Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):820-825.
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Liew, Li-Anne, Ching-Yi Lin, and Y. C. Lee. "Polymer-Based Hermetic Packaging for Flexible Micro Devices." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 001139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-tp36.
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In recent years, polymers have been widely adopted as a low-cost, light-weight and high-flexibility alternative to traditional silicon materials for MEMS. However, the majority of polymers do not provide hermetic protection because of their high moisture- and gas permeation rates. Yet, hermetic packaging is critical for many applications such as medical devices [1], RF MEMS [2] and micro heat pipes [3]. In particular, our group has been developing flexible thermal ground planes based on heat pipe technology [3] for advanced electronics cooling applications. Heat pipes require hermetic sealing, while flexibility requires the structural material to be polymer-based. Hermetic packaging methods for MEMS typically include welding, soldering [4], and various epoxies and polymers [1, 2, 5] to bond the parts in a package together. The bond interface is a major potential source of gas and moisture leakage. Although welds and solder joints offer effective hermetic seals, the bond interface is mechanically rigid. On the other hand, flexible bond materials like epoxies typically possess high moisture absorption rate and bonding strength degradation at high temperature [6] while polymers such as BCB [2] or LCP [7] either provide only semi-hermetic sealing or degrade at high temperature. We report a polymer-based hermetic packaging approach using fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), which possesses flexibility, high operating temperature compatibility (204°C), chemical resistance, and low water absorption rate. We report results of hermeticity tests in which FEP, solder, and epoxy were used to bond a copper-clad kapton “lid” onto a water-containing copper vessel which is then kept in an oven at 100 °C. The only path for water loss is through the bond interface. We show that the FEP-bonded test vehicles result in negligible water loss comparable to the solder-bonded containers, and far outperforming the epoxy-bonded containers. References: [1] G. Jiang and D. D. Zhou (Ed.), Implantable Neural Prostheses 2, (2010). [2] A Jourdain, P De Moor, K Baert, I DeWolf and H A C Tilmans, J. Micromech. Microeng.,15 (2005) S89–S96. [3] C.J. Oshman, B. Shi, C. Li, R. Yang, Y.C. Lee, G.P. Peterson, and V.M. Bright, J. Microelectromechanical Systems, 20, 2 (2011), 410–417. [4] T. Rude, J. Subramanian, J. Levin, D. Van Heerden, O. Knio, Proc. IMAPS 2005. [5] G. B. Tepolt, M. J. Meschera, J. J. LeBlanca, R. Lutwakb, M. Varghesec, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 7592, 2010, 759207. [6] E. M. Petrie, Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, 1st Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1999), p. 707. [7] C.-D. Ghiu, S. Dalmia, J. Vickers, L. Carastro, W. Czakon, V. Sundaram, G. White, Proc. 1st European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, 2006, pp.545–547.
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Yu, Minjae, Yuji Ichikawa, and Kazuhiro Ogawa. "Development of Cu Coating on Ceramic Substrates by Low Pressure Cold Spray and its Deposition Mechanism Analysis." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1703.
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Cold spray (CS) is a solid-state deposition technique of micron-sized metallic powder in an ultra-high velocity gas using a de Laval nozzle. CS is a unique deposition technique due to its use of relatively lower gas temperatures in comparison to other thermal processes. Consequently, high-temperature oxidation and phase transformations of deposited powders are largely restricted while the operating cost of CS is much lower than that of other thermal processes. Generally, the low pressure cold spray (LPCS) technique is used for the deposition of metallic powders on metallic substrates, while only a few studies of metallic particle deposition on ceramic substrates have been conducted, and it was found that the deposition of metallic powders on ceramic substrates was quite difficult. In this study, improved LPCS deposition of copper coatings on zirconia substrates was investigated. It is known that deposition of a metallic powder on a ceramic substrate is difficult due to the differences in material bonding and several properties of the two materials. These difficulties in LPCS deposition were solved using three different approaches, namely 1) use of copper and aluminum composite powders and 2) laser pre-treatment and 3) laser texturing of zirconia substrates. It was found that pure copper powder coatings on the as-received and various treated substrates were delaminated in the interface as expected. However, the deposition was improved for all substrates by using the copper and aluminum composite powder. While the laser pre-treated substrate was not effective for the deposition of the copper and aluminum composite powder, thick coatings were obtained for the deposition on the laser pre-treated with heat treatment substrate and the laser-textured substrate.
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Chani, Kulwinder Singh, JS Saini, and H. Bhunia. "Accelerated weathering of bolted joints prepared from woven glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 10 (February 12, 2019): 2108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719828155.
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This work deals with the accelerated aging of the bolted joints prepared from glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite laminates. ASTM D5961 was used to design the bolted joint, and the geometric parameters, i.e. width-to hole-diameter ( W/ D) ratio and edge distance-to-hole diameter ( E/ D) ratio were fixed to 6 and 5, respectively. ASTM D1544 was used for accelerated aging, and a maximum of 500 h cyclical ultraviolet exposure, 8 h of ultraviolet radiation at 60 ℃ followed by 4 h of condensation at 50 ℃, was given to the specimens. A full factorial design of experiment was conducted on important control factors, i.e. aging time, bolt torque, and material variation, using response surface methodology. To investigate the effect of nanoclay content, a range of 0–5 wt% was investigated. Specimens with 3 wt% of nanoclay demonstrated optimum tensile strength and were selected to manufacture the bolted joint. Nanoplatelets having high aspect ratio increased the specific surface area and thus the tensile strength of the nanocomposite. It was found that the strength of the joints prepared with and without the nanoclay content decreased with the increase in the duration of aging. However, the joints with the nanoclay content had higher failure loads. The strength retention in the joints with nanoclay content was more in comparison to the joints made with neat epoxy. Nanoclay acted as a mechanical interlock at the fiber–matrix interface and improved the interfacial bond strength. A good dispersion of nanoclay also acts as a barrier to the moisture, which eventually reduces the degradation of the composite material due to the lesser fiber–matrix de-bonding under accelerated aging conditions.
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Chiba, Erika Kiyoko, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Rodrigo Sversut De Alexandre, Mariana Dias Moda, Paulo Henrique Dos Santos, and Ticiane Cestari Fagundes. "Bond strength to dentin of low-shrinkage composite resin restorations after thermocycling and mechanical loading." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.4906.
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Objective: This study evaluated the in vitro bond strength of Class I restorations to dentin, using four restorative systems. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six molars were used, and a Class I cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface. Next, tooth were divided into 4 groups (n=24), Single Bond Universal + Filtek Z350 XT (SFZ); Single Bond Universal + Filtek Bulk Fill (SFB); AdheSE + Tetric N-Ceram (ATC) and AdheSE + Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (ATB).Thus, the teeth were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 8): 1) storage in water for 24h (control); 2) submitted to thermocycling; 3) mechanical loading. After challenges, teeth were cut into beams 0.8mm², being 3 to 4 sticks per tooth. Then, the specimens were submitted to microtensile testing (μTBS). The data were submitted to Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests for multiple comparisons, with a significance level of 5%. Results: No significant differences were observed between the restorative systems after thermal cycling challenge (p> 0.05). However, the SFZ group presented the highest μTBS values, with a statistical difference when compared to the ATC, SFB and ATB groups after mechanical loading (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The dentin bond strength of low-shrinkage composite resin restorations was negatively influenced by mechanical loading in class I cavities.
Descriptors: Dental Materials; Permanent Teeth; Resin Composite; Restoration; Substrate Cycling.
References
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Amaral FL, Colucci V, Palma-Dibb RG, Corona SA. Assessment of in vitro methods used to promote adhesive interface degradation: a critical review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007;19:340-53.
Daneshkazemi A, Davari A, Akbari MJ, Davoudi A, Badrian H. Effects of thermal and mechanical load cycling on the dentin microtensile bond strength of Single Bond-2. J Int Oral Health 2015;7:9-13.
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Heintze SD, Monreal D, Peschke A. Marginal quality of Class II composite restorations placed in bulk compared to an incremental technique: Evaluation with SEM and Stereomicroscope. J Adhes Dent. 2015;17:147-54.
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Aguiar TR, André CB, Correr-Sobrinho L, Arrais CA, Ambrosano GM, Giannini M. Effect of storage times and mechanical load cycling on dentin bond strength of conventional and self-adhesive resin luting cements. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;111:404-10.
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De Munck J, Luehrs AK, Poitevin A, Van Ende A, Van Meerbeek B. Fracture toughness versus micro-tensile bond strength testing of adhesive-dentin interfaces. Dent Mater. 2013;29:635-44.
Armstrong S, Breschi L, Özcan M, Pfefferkorn F, Ferrari M, Van Meerbeek B. Academy of Dental Materials guidance on in vitro testing of dental composite bonding effectiveness to dentin/enamel using micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) approach. Dent Mater. 2017;33:133-43.
Tjäderhane L, Nascimento FD, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Tersariol IL, Geraldeli S et al. Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer- A review. Dent Mater. 2013; 29:999-11.
Taneja S, Kumar P, Kumar A. Comparative evaluation of the microtensile bond strength of bulk fill and low shrinkage composite for different depths of Class II cavities with the cervical margin in cementum: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19:532-35.
Campos EA, Ardu S, Lefever D, Jassé FF, Bortolotto T, Krejci iI. Marginal adaptation of class II cavities restored with bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014;42;575-81.
Mandava J, Vegesna DP, Ravi R, Boddeda MR, Uppalapati LV, Ghazanfaruddin MD. Microtensile bond strength of bulk-fill restorative composites to dentin. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9:e1023-28.
Costa T, Rezende M, Sakamoto A, Bittencourt B, Dalzochio P, Loguercio AD, et al. Influence of adhesive type and placement technique on postoperative sensitivity in posterior composite restorations. Oper Dent. 2017;42:143-54.
Jayaseel A, Niranjan N, Pamidi H, Suryakanth MB. Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of universal dental adhesives - An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent. 20171;9:e892-e96.
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Manso, Isabella S., Lisia L. Valente, Eliseu A. Münchow, Cristina P. Isolan, Fábio G. Lima, and Rafael R. Moraes. "Bonding to composite resin, dentin, and composite-dentin interface, regarding restoration repair." Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 16, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14436/2447-911x.16.2.054-068.oar.
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O presente estudo avaliou a resistência de união do reparo (RUR), ângulo de contato (θ) e morfologia da superfície de reparos de compósito na dentina (DE), resina composta (RC) e interface dentina-compósito (DE-RC) após diferentes tratamentos de superfície. Incisivos bovinos foram usados nos testes de RUR e θ; blocos de RC (Opallis, FGM) foram preparados para avaliação do θ com a água. Os espécimes foram separados em quatro grupos (n=10 para RUR; n=5 para θ) de acordo com o agente de união aplicado: sem tratamento (C); condicionamento ácido seguido da aplicação de adesivo (Ac+Ad); silano (S); e ácido + silano + adesivo (Ac+S+Ad). Para a RUR, o teste de resistência de união ao microcisalhamento foi realizado. Para o teste de θ, gotas d’água foram dispensadas na superfície dos espécimes após o tratamento com os agentes de união. Todos os substratos testados foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, e os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0,05). Na DE, a aplicação de Ac+S+Ad reduziu o molhamento da dentina. Na RC, todos os agentes de união aumentaram o molhamento comparados a C. A RUR foi significativamente maior para os grupos tratados com adesivo, comparados aos grupos C e S, tanto na DE quanto na interface DE-RC. Na RC, apenas C mostrou menor resistência de união, comparado aos outros grupos. Em conclusão, os dentistas devem atentar que o desempenho do reparo de restaurações de resina composta pode depender dos substratos envolvidos no procedimento, e que a aplicação do sistema adesivo é o principal tratamento químico recomendado para uma adequada união a todos os substratos.
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Chanvillard, Gilles, and Pierre-Claude Aïtcin. "Les resurfaçages minces adhérents en béton renforcé de fibres comme méthode de réhabilitation des chaussées de béton." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-060.
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The progressive and rapid deterioration of cement concrete road systems makes frequent rehabilitation necessary if an acceptable level of service is to be maintained. When a road's structural capacity is still satisfactory, simple resurfacing to correct surface faults is an acceptable option. Several different types of resurfacing are possible, depending on adhesion developed at the interface. Dimensioning and selection of application techniques are still today purely empirical matters. However, major discoveries have been made about the behaviour of overlays, especially regarding cracking. For example, reflection in the overlay of the cracks of the old pavement is inevitable with a bonded interface. The old cracks must, therefore, be repaired first. However, with steel fibre reinforced concrete, the knitting effect of the fibres will stabilize the cracks. Road-work performed along autoroute 40 in the suburbs of Montreal provided an opportunity to monitor the behaviour of a thin bonded overlay of fibre-reinforced concrete. Examination of the road more than 2 years after it was recommissioned clearly indicated that the fibres had a positive effect on the condition of the road. Key words: rehabilitation, resurfacing, roads, concrete, steel fibre, cracking, bonding. [Journal translation]
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Xu, Honglin, Tianshou Ma, Nian Peng, and Bin Yang. "Influences of Fracturing Fluid Injection on Mechanical Integrity of Cement Sheath under Four Failure Modes." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 3534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123534.
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The significant decreased wellbore temperature and increased casing pressure during fracturing fluid injection present a big challenge for the mechanical integrity of cement sheath in fracturing wells. Based on the theories of elastic mechanics, thermodynamics, and a multi-layer composed thick-wall cylinder, this paper proposed a new mechanical model of cement sheath for fracturing wells, coupling pressure, and thermal loads, which consider the failure modes of de-bonding, radial cracking, disking, and shear failure. The radial nonuniform temperature change and the continuous radial stress and radial displacement at two interfaces have been considered. With the proposed model, the radial distributions of failure stress and the corresponding safety factor for cement sheath during fracturing fluid injection have been analyzed and compared under four failure modes. Results show that the decreased wellbore temperature will produce significant tri-axial tensile stress and induce cement failure of de-bonding, radial cracking, and disking. The increased casing pressure will significantly lower the risk of de-bonding but also aggravate radial cracking and shear failure. For integrity protection of cement sheath, increasing the injected fluid temperature, maintaining higher circulation pumping pressures, and adopting cement sheath with a low elasticity modulus have been suggested for fracturing wells.
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Da Silva, F. B., V. G. A. Neto, C. F. A. Nobre, D. M. M. De Paula, N. E. C. Nobre, A. C. Ferreira, F. M. S. Costa, et al. "Associação do Ethanol-Wet Bonding com Técnicas de Biomodificação Dentinária: uma Revisão de Literatura." Journal of Health Sciences 19, no. 5 (February 23, 2018): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p268.
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O presente estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a técnica ethanol-wet bonding (EWB), mostrando se esta técnica pode aumentar a durabilidade de interfaces adesivas e o efeito do seu uso em conjunto com técnicas de biomodificação dentinária. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed e Bireme e incluídos trabalhos nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa publicados no período de 2007 à 2017, através dos termos: “Ethanol”, “Dental Adhesive” e “Collagen”. Foram excluídos artigos com metodologia duvidosa, duplicados e aqueles não compatíveis com os objetivos deste trabalho. Foram encontrados 63 trabalhos, que após análise, 18 destes trabalhos se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A partir da revisão de literatura é possível considerar que a técnica EWB permite uma melhor infiltração dos monômeros hidrofóbicos na matriz de colágeno, e assim, diminui a sorção de água e a clivagem hidrolítica por enzimas catalizadoras de colágeno e previne a separação de fase de monômeros resinosos hidrofóbicos, como o BisGMA. Um estudo verificou que a camada híbrida criada pela técnica EWB continham fibrilas de colágeno com diâmetro fibrilar reduzido e espaços interfibrilares aumentados, características nunca observadas em camadas híbridas criadas durante a water-wet bonding. Três estudos verificaram que o efeito inibidor de MMPs da clorexidina pode ser comprometido quando a água é removida incompletamente durante a adesão dentinária. São necessários estudos clínicos de longo prazo para avaliar a durabilidade dessas restaurações.Palavras-chave: Collagen. Dental Adhesive. Ethanol.
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Lin, Ji, Jin Qian, Jun Yin, and Yuan Lin. "Biointerfaces Mediated by Molecular Bonds: Cohesive Behaviors." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 03 (April 2016): 1650040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511650040x.
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We investigate the cohesive response of biointerfaces mediated by noncovalent receptor–ligand bonding under monotonic, cyclic or other types of loading. By examining the spatiotemporal evolution of the state probability distribution that describes the collective association and dissociation kinetics of interfacial bonds, we show that such interfaces resist the imposed surface separation in a strongly rate-dependent manner. Remarkable hysteresis is exhibited when the interfaces are exposed to single stretching and relaxation cycles at high loading rates, and this hysteretic response shifts in consecutive multiple cycles. There generally exists an optimal ramping velocity that gives rise to the maximum energy dissipation at the interfaces. These results should be useful in understanding the cell-matrix adhesion and de-adhesion phenomena under dynamic and repetitive forces, as well as the adhesion-mediated cellular behaviors such as migration and reorientation.
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Asad, Mohammad, Tatheer Zahra, and Julian Thamboo. "The Effectiveness of CFRP- and Auxetic Fabric-Strengthened Brick Masonry under Axial Compression: A Numerical Investigation." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091800.
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Bonded brickwork used for loadbearing walls is widely found in heritage structures worldwide. The evaluation of bonded masonry structures and their strengthening strategies against dynamic actions require appropriate understanding under cyclic loading. Subsequently, a simplified 3D microscale numerical model is developed in this paper to analyse bonded brickwork under cyclic compression. A plasticity-based damage constitutive model to represent damage in masonry bricks under cyclic compression loading was employed, and zero-thickness interfaces were considered with non-linear damage properties to simulate the mechanical behaviour of masonry. A threshold strain level was used to enact the element deletion technique for initiating brittle crack opening in the masonry units. The developed model was validated against the experimental results published by the authors in the past. The models were able to accurately predict the experimental results with an error limit of 10% maximum. Mainly, two types of strengthening materials, possessing (1) high energy absorption characteristics (auxetic fabric) and (2) high strength properties (carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites/CFRP) were employed for damage mitigation under cyclic compression. Results show that the CFRP-strengthened masonry failure was mainly attributed to de-bonding of the CFRP and crushing under compression. However, the auxetic strengthening is shown to significantly minimise the de-bonding phenomenon. Enhanced energy dissipation characteristics with relatively higher ductility (up to ~50%) and reduced damages on the bonded brickwork were observed as compared to the CFRP-strengthened brickwork under cyclic compression loading. Additionally, the auxetic fabric application also increased the compressive resistance of brickwork by 38–60% under monotonic loading, which is comparably higher than with the CFRP strengthening technique.
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Winnicki, Marcin. "Advanced Functional Metal-Ceramic and Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091044.
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Based on the recent analysis of various databases, cold spray (CS), the newest method among thermal spraying technologies, has received the unabated attention of hundreds of researchers continuously since its invention in the 1980s. The significance of CS lies in the low process temperature, which usually ensures compressive residual stresses and allows for the formation of coatings on a thermally sensitive substrate. This paper concerns the low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) variant employed for forming metal matrix composites (MMCs) with high ceramic contents and all-ceramic coatings. At the very beginning, the influence of LPCS process parameters on deposition efficiency (DE) is analysed. In the next part, the most useful feedstock powder preparation techniques for LCPS are presented. Due to the combination of bottom-up powder production methods (e.g., sol-gel (SG)) with LCPS, the metal matrix that works as a binder for ceramic particles in MMC coatings can be removed, resulting in all-ceramic coatings. Furthermore, with optimization of spraying parameters, it is possible to predict and control phase transformation in the feedstock material. Further in the paper, differences in the bonding mechanism of metal–ceramic mixtures and ceramic particles are presented. The properties and applications of various MMC and ceramic coatings are also discussed. Finally, the exemplary direction of CS development is suggested.
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Seredin, Pavel V., Dmitry L. Goloshchapov, Kirill A. Nikitkov, Vladimir M. Kashkarov, Yury A. Ippolitov, and Vongsvivut Jitraporn (Pimm). "Применение синхротронной ИК-микроспектроскопии для анализа интеграции биомиметических композитов с нативной твердой тканью зуба человека." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 21, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/764.
Full textAbstract:
В данной работе продемонстрирована возможность применения ИК-микроспектроскопии для многомерной визуализации и анализа интеграции с нативными твердыми тканями зуба человека нового поколения биомиметических материалов, воспроизводящих минералорганический комплекс эмали и дентина.На основе ИК-картирования интенсивности конкретной функциональной молекулярной группы с использованием синхротронного излучения найдены и визуализированы характеристические особенности биомиметического переходного слоя в межфазной области эмаль/стоматологический материал и определено расположение функциональных групп, отвечающих процессам интеграции биомиметического композита
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Rocha, Marcos Lamha, Geraldo Luciano de Oliveira Marques, Rafael Cerqueira Silva, and Laura Maria Goretti Motta. "Influence of bonding condition between layers on overlay design of flexible pavements." TRANSPORTES 29, no. 2 (August 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v29i2.2419.
Full textAbstract:
The interface bonding conditions between the pavement layers is one of the main factors influencing the performance of the pavement structure. The present paper analyzes the effects of the interface conditions between the layers on the process of overlay design in flexible pavements. The data were collected by deflection testing using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and by drilling cores. Simulations were performed in the software BackMeDiNa, MeDiNa and AEMC for three different conditions of interface between the layers. The data of backcalculated moduli, overlay thicknesses, cracked area and fatigue damage were compared under different bonding conditions. In most of the simulations, backcalculated moduli in the de-bonding condition were higher than ones in the full-bonding between the layers. For the overlay design, the modular sets obtained from the different interface conditions led a slight difference in the thickness of the new asphalt layer (reinforcement), but with higher percentages of cracked area for the structures with full-bonding condition. In the analysis of the fatigue damage, the results showed that the damage obtained with the full-bonding layers was higher than that one obtained with de-bonding interfaces and the bonding between the surface and base layers.
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Kendall, G., P. J. Cote, D. Crayon, and F. J. Bonetto. "Power-Law Phenomena in Adhesive De-Bonding." MRS Proceedings 458 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-458-357.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTAcoustic emission (AE) events were recorded during the peeling of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape from a silicate glass surface. The distributions of AE event durations and energies are found to have the form of power laws. Power-law dependencies (hyperbolic distributions) are recognized as a consequence of self-organized criticality (SOC), resulting from the absence of any characteristic length or time scales. In these studies, standard optical microscopy was used to characterize the fractal nature of the PSA-glass interface. The present results suggest that it is the inherent static structural features found at the fractal PSA-glass interface which produce the observed hyperbolic distributions in AE events, rather than a true SOC process.