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Academic literature on the topic 'Interface d'électrode solide'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interface d'électrode solide"
Obadero, Abayomi Samuel. "Intercalation dans les matériaux graphitiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY024.
Full textAs humanity grapples with the pressing challenge of greenhouse gas emissions, the significance of sustainable energy solutions becomes increasingly evident. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, hailed as a promising avenue for electricity energy storage,which is critical for embedded electronics, electric transportation, and irregular production from renewable sources such as wind, geothermal, solar. e.t.c. However, their widespread adoption hinges on two main critical factors such as the non-availability of Li in the Earth’s crust and its difficulty in extraction. Hence, its supply may lead to future conflicts. Apart from these, Li-ion batteries are required to store more energy, that is, have better capacity and also charge quickly. Perhaps, the high capacity requirement of Li-ion batteries could possibly be met by investigating into the key components of Li-ion, specifically the Anode (negative) and Cathode (positive) electrodes. These electrodes host the Li-ions that move in opposite direction to electric current during charge and discharge. Within this framework, the study of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) emerges as a pivotal field, offering insights into enhancing the capacity of specifically the Anode electrode where graphite is the host material, hence the name GIC.Basically, GIC which belongs to layered materials, involves the regular insertion of guest atoms, ions, or molecule between the layers of graphite. In the context of GIC, both theoretical and experimental work have been carried out in a bid to understand and tackle the challenges faced with Li-ion batteries. For instance, researchers have tried to explore the use other Alkali Metals (AM) which are readily available such as Na, and K as substitutes for Li. However, the formers seems to have reduced capacity, particularly in the case Na, where fully Sodiated compound has been known not to form. Furthermore, while fully Lithiated materials of Li-GIC have been well studied and characterized, phenomena at dilute or low concentration regime remains elusive. Similar to the case of Li, little or no information about the dilute regime has been known for K-GIC. In fact, K has been reported to occupy graphite gallery in a disordered manner without any established stoichiometry between C and K. Furthermore in this regime, questions like (i) the local environment evolution of AM as a function of concentration, (ii) the AM content at which pristine graphite stacking (AB or Bernal) transit to the fully lithiated (AA or hexagonal) stacking during lithiation,(iii) the mechanism driving intercalation, and many more are still open questions in the field of Alkali Metal Graphite Intercalation Compound (AM-GIC).Therefore in this thesis manuscript, we conducted an extensive numerical study on both Li-GIC and K-GIC from the dense phase to dilute phases using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) formalism. The aim of this work is to understand the intercalation of AM (Li, Na, and K) into graphite with a particular emphasis on the dilute regime. Although with our DFT tool, we realized that not much calculations could be performed with Na due to its computational cost. Therefore, we focused on Li and K for which different behavior is reported in experiments. Hence pointing to different mechanisms at the atomic scale that we aim to capture with our approach. Using the DFT tool, we have shown that the interaction between Li and K in the graphite gallery is not merely electrostatic as assumed so far. Furthermore in the dilute regime, AM locally deforms the graphite sheet to avoid an over-compression by C atoms. This structural deformation is different in AB and AA graphite. We have used this observed structural difference between AB and AA graphite to substantiate the transition from AB to AA stacking during Li intercalation based on the total energy calculations from DFT
Pinhas, Marie-France. "Etude thermodynamique des interactions accepteur-donneur d'électrons par mouillabilité : application aux interfaces liquide-liquide et solide-solide." Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0301.
Full textBenisty, Henri. "Couches d'accumulation geantes a diverses interfaces silicium/electrolyte solide : effet de champ par voie electrochimique." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066042.
Full textSteinmetz, Dominique. "Interaction hydrogène et disilane avec les surfaces Ge(111) c(2x8) et Ge(100) 2x1 : étude par photoémission et diffraction d'électrons lents." Mulhouse, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MULH0297.
Full textFournier, Olivier. "Synthèse par ALD et caractérisation de couches extractrices d'électrons pour application dans les cellules solaires à base de pérovskite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLC025.
Full textPerovskite solar cells have sparked a large interest in the photovoltaic community in the last 10 years due to their expedient optoelectrical properties, their vast scope of applications and their economical attractiveness.They are expected to reach the market by 2023, but challenges have to be tackled first, among which upscale and stability issues.To do so, a strategy is to work on the charge transport layers.They need to ensure a high selectivity towards one charge carrier, and have a good interface.Atomic layer deposition is an industrial deposition technique which allows for the synthesis of a large variety of materials.ALD layers are dense, homogeneous, conformal, pinhole-free and their thickness and composition can be controlled at the nano-scale.ALD hence appears as an ideal candidate to deposit the charge extraction layers.This thesis focuses on the development and on the characterization of various oxides by ALD.SnO2 and TiO2 have been developed at the Institut Photovoltaïque d'Île-de-France (IPVF) with two different processes for each material.Their properties in regard of an integration in perovskite solar cells as inorganic electron transport layers have been explored, and one process for each material has been chosen.The advantageous integration of a 15 nm-thick ALD-TiO2 layer has been demonstrated as compact blocking layer in a mesoporous architecture, and compared to a blocking layer deposited by spray pyrolysis.Similar power conversion efficiencies (PCE) up to 19% have been achieved, with a higher homogeneity of the ALD layer leading to a better reproducibility of the results now used in the baseline production at IPVF.The integration of ALD-SnO2 in planar structures is also discussed.The 10 nm-thick layer alone was found to give mediocre efficiencies due to a lack of fill factor.The addition of an organic interlayer solved this issue allowing for PCE up to 16%.Finally an analysis of the interface between ALD-ZnO modified by phosphonic acid derivatives and a perovskite absorber is proposed.The organization of the molecules at the surface of ZnO and their impact on the perovskite have been determined, but the performances of full devices are poor
Sar, Jaroslaw. "Interfaces et durabilité d'électrodes avancées pour l'énergie : IT-SOFC et SOEC Coral Microstructure of Graded CGO/LSCF Oxygen Electrode by Electrostatic Spray Deposition for Energy (IT-SOFC, SOEC) Electrochemical properties of graded and homogeneous Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ composite electrodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells Three dimensional analysis of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95–La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells Mechanical behavior of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ oxygen electrode with a coral microstructure for solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolyzer cell Durability test on coral Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ current collector working in SOFC and SOEC modes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI106.
Full textInterfaces and durability of advanced electrodes for energy (IT-SOFC and SOEC)The objective of this PhD thesis is to fabricate advanced oxygen electrode based on Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) with graded and homogeneous composition onto yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ = 8 mol. % Y2O3-doped ZrO2) electrolyte using electrostatic spray deposition. A thin and dense layer of CGO was inserted between LSCF and YSZ to serve as a barrier diffusion layer. The novel microstructure with high porosity and large surface area is expected to improve the electrochemical performances. The electrical behavior of the electrode was investigated by impedance spectroscopy versus temperature in air. A detailed microstructural description was performed by 3D reconstructed model from FIB-SEM and X-ray nanotomography and related to electrical properties. The mechanical analysis was performed by scratch and ultramicroindentation tests. Finally, durability tests were performed on the electrode with 45 cm2 oxygen active area, up to 800 h at around 770°C, in full cell SOFC and SOEC configurations operating respectively in H2 and H2/ H2O mixture