Academic literature on the topic 'Interface charge mobility'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interface charge mobility"
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Зайцева, Э. Г., О. В. Наумова, and Б. И. Фомин. "Профилирование компонент подвижности вблизи гетерограниц тонких пленок кремния." Физика и техника полупроводников 54, no. 2 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2020.02.48891.9272.
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In this paper, we proposed the method for profiling of the components of the effective mobility of charge carriers μeff defined by their scattering by surface phonons and by roughness at the film/insulator interfaces. The method is based on the controlled localization of charge carriers relative to the interface under study due to the coupling effect. The proposed method allows us to independently determine mobility components near different interfaces of films. The use of the proposed method for studying the mobility has allowed us to obtain information on the roughness of the interface and on the structural quality of the ultrathin (1–3-nm) layer of Si near the Si/buried oxide interface.
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Pérez-Tomás, Amador, Michael R. Jennings, Philip A. Mawby, James A. Covington, Phillippe Godignon, José Millan, and Narcis Mestres. "SiC MOSFET Channel Mobility Dependence on Substrate Doping and Temperature Considering High Density of Interface Traps." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.835.
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In prior work we have proposed a mobility model for describing the mobility degradation observed in SiC MOSFET devices, suitable for being implemented into a commercial simulator, including Coulomb scattering effects at interface traps. In this paper, the effect of temperature and doping on the channel mobility has been modelled. The computation results suggest that the Coulomb scattering at charged interface traps is the dominant degradation mechanism. Simulations also show that a temperature increase implies an improvement in field-effect mobility since the inversion channel concentration increases and the trapped charge is reduced due to bandgap narrowing. In contrast, increasing the substrate impurity concentration further degrades the fieldeffect mobility since the inversion charge concentration decreases for a given gate bias. We have good agreement between the computational results and experimental mobility measurements.
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Schrimpf, R. D., K. F. Galloway, and P. J. Wahle. "Interface and oxide charge effects on DMOS channel mobility." Electronics Letters 25, no. 17 (1989): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19890776.
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Noll, Stefan, Martin Rambach, Michael Grieb, Dick Scholten, Anton J. Bauer, and Lothar Frey. "Effect of Shallow n-Doping on Field Effect Mobility in p-Doped Channels of 4H-SiC MOS Field Effect Transistors." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.702.
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A high inversion channel mobility is a key parameter of normally off Silicon-Carbide MOS field effect power transistors. The mobility is limited by scattering centers at the interface between the semiconductor and the gate-oxide. In this work we investigate the mobility of lateral normally-off MOSFETs with different p-doping concentrations in the channel. Additionally the effect of a shallow counter n-doping at the interface on the mobility was determined and, finally, the properties of interface traps with the charge pumping method were examined. A lower p-doping in the cannel reduces the threshold voltage and increases the mobility simultaneously. A shallow counter n-doping shows a similar effect, but differences in the behavior of the charge pumping current can be observed, indicating that the nitrogen has a significant effect on the electrical properties of the interface, too.
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Fang, Fang, Junsheng Wu, Yanwen Zhou, and Zhuo Zhao. "Interface construction for charge transportation of ZnO/graphene multilayer films." Functional Materials Letters 14, no. 06 (August 2021): 2150027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604721500272.
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In order to clarify the effect of interface construction on the charge transportation, the interfaces between zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene layers were designed into the following types: the smooth interface by direct deposition ZnO layer onto the surface of fresh graphene/glass substrate; the nanoscale rough interface by Ar[Formula: see text] bombardment etching the surface of graphene/glass substrate before deposition of a ZnO layer, and rough ZnO/Ag/graphene interface by deposition Ag first and then ZnO layers on the rough graphene/glass substrate. The results showed that, compared to the morphology of the ZnO/graphene film with smooth surface, the particle sizes of the film with rough interface became fine and their shapes changed from sharp to round. The carriers’ mobility increased from 0.3 cm2 ⋅ V[Formula: see text] ⋅ s[Formula: see text] to 0.6 cm2 ⋅ V[Formula: see text] ⋅ s[Formula: see text] due to the enhancement of the nanocontact at the rough interface between ZnO and graphene layers. In order to improve the electrical properties of ZnO/graphene multilayer film, a 10 nm Ag layer was inserted into the rough graphene/glass and ZnO layer to construct the rough metal interface. The carrier concentration was enhanced from 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] of ZnO/graphene to 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] ZnO/Ag/graphene films, although the carrier mobility reduced slightly from ZnO/graphene 0.6 to ZnO/Ag/graphene 0.2 cm2 ⋅ V[Formula: see text] ⋅ s[Formula: see text]. The sheet resistance and resistivity of the ZnO/Ag/graphene multilayer film decreased dramatically by inserting the conductive Ag layer, which took the roles of both the provider of charge carriers from Ag layer and bridges of the carriers from graphene layer.
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Rao, R. Ramakrishna, Kevin Matocha, and Vinayak Tilak. "Quasi-Charge-Sheet Model for Inversion Layer Mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFETs." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.797.
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The mobility of electrons in the inversion layer of 4H-Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs is lower than the ideal value due to the various scattering mechanisms that takes place at the surface. These scattering mechanisms are strong function of both the interface-trapped charge density and inversion-layer electron density. In this work, we develop a quasi-charge-sheet model to quantify coulomb scattering due to interface trapped-charge in SiC MOSFET inversion layers and calculate the inversion layer electron mobility.
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Butko A. V., Butko V. Y., and Kumzerov Y. A. "Dependence of charge carrier mobility in hybrid nanostructures at the interface of graphene and molecular ions on their charge density." Physics of the Solid State 63, no. 13 (2022): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.13.52327.141.
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Hybrid nanostructures with large interface between nanostructural elements play an important role in the modern electronics. Among these nanostructures are hybrid nanostructures formed at the interface of graphene with ensembles of molecular ions in the solution gated Graphene Field Effect Transistors (GFETs) that are promising for chemical and biological sensor fabrication. Therefore investigation of interfacial effects in electrical transport in these systems is interesting. This work is a theoretical study of dependence of the charge carrier mobility (μ) in these nanostructures on density of the interfacial molecular ions (Nii). We show that dependence μ propto 1/(Nii)1/2 obtained in free charge carrier model with short range scattering in case of the weak interaction between the charge carriers and the interfacial ions is in agreement with experimental transistor characteristics obtained at the high gate voltages. Keywords: graphene, hybrid nanostructures, transistors, mobility, interface.
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Cao, Cheng, Shengru Chen, Jun Deng, Gang Li, Qinghua Zhang, Lin Gu, Tian-Ping Ying, Er-Jia Guo, Jian-Gang Guo, and Xiaolong Chen. "Two-Dimensional Electron Gas with High Mobility Forming at BaO/SrTiO3 Interface." Chinese Physics Letters 39, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 047301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/4/047301.
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Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with high electron mobility is highly desired to study the emergent properties and to enhance future device performance. Here we report the formation of 2DEG with high mobility at the interface between rock-salt BaO and perovskite SrTiO3. The interface consists of the ionically compensated BaO1 – δ layer and the electronically compensated TiO2 layer, which is demonstrated as a perfect interface without lattice mismatch. The so-formed interface features metallic conductivity with ultralow square resistance of 7.3 × 10−4 Ω/◻ at 2 K and high residual resistance ratios R 300 K/R 2 K up to 4200. The electron mobility reaches 69000 cm2⋅V−1⋅s−1 at 2 K, leading to Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations of resistance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the effective charge transfers from BaO to the Ti 3dxy orbital occur at the interface, leading to the conducting TiO2 layer. Our work unravels that BaO can adapt itself by removing oxygen to minimize the lattice mismatch and to provide substantial carriers to SrTiO3, which is the key to forming 2DEGs with high mobility at the interfaces.
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Rescher, Gerald, Gregor Pobegen, Thomas Aichinger, and Tibor Grasser. "Improved Interface Trap Density Close to the Conduction Band Edge of a-Face 4H-SiC MOSFETs Revealed Using the Charge Pumping Technique." Materials Science Forum 897 (May 2017): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.897.143.
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We study the interface properties of 4H silicon carbide Si-face 0001 and a-face 11220 power MOSFETs using the charge pumping technique. MOSFETs produced on the a-face show a higher electron mobility than Si-face devices, although their charge pumping signal is 5 times higher, indicating a higher interface/border trap density. We show the main contribution to the interface/border trap density on a-face devices originates from deep states in a wide range around midgap, whereas Si-face devices show a higher and exponentially increasing interface/border state density close to the conduction band edge of 4H silicon carbide, resulting in reduced mobility.
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Jia, Beibei, Jun Zhou, Jiaxin Chen, Zixuan Zhang, Yang Wang, Zepeng Lv, and Kai Wu. "Interfacial Insight of Charge Transport in BaTiO3/Epoxy Composites." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030406.
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Space charge accumulation greatly influences the dielectric performance of epoxy composites under high voltage. It has been reported that nano-fillers can suppress the charge accumulation in the bulk of insulation materials. However, it is still unclear how the nano-fillers influence the charge distribution at the interface between the filler and polymeric matrix. In this work, the dielectric properties and the local dynamic charge mobility behavior at the interface of barium titanate/epoxy resin (BTO/EP) composites were investigated from both bulk and local perspectives based on the macroscopic test techniques and in-situ Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) methods. Charge injection and dissipation behavior exhibited significant discrepancies at different interfaces. The interface between BTO and epoxy is easy to accumulates a negative charge, and nanoscale BTO (n-BTO) particles introduces deeper traps than microscale BTO (m-BTO) to inhibit charge migration. Under the same bias condition, the carriers are more likely to accumulate near the n-BTO than the m-BTO particles. The charge dissipation rate at the interface region in m-BTO/EP is about one order of magnitude higher than that of n-BTO/EP. This work offers experimental support for understanding the mechanism of charge transport in dielectric composites.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interface charge mobility"
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Mizutani, Teruyoshi, Kenta Shinmura, Kazue Kaneko, Tatsuo Mori, Mitsugu Ishioka, and Tatsuya Nagata. "Space Charge Behavior near LDPE / LDPE Interface." IEEE, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7162.
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Mizutani, Teruyoshi, Kenta Shimnmura, Kazue Kaneko, Tatsuo Mori, Mitsugu Ishioka, and Tatsuya Nagata. "Space Charge Behaviors near the Interface between Different Low-Density Polyethylenes." IEEE, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7176.
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Niel, Stéphan. "Optimisation du système émetteur-base de transistors bipolaires haute performance en technologie 0,35 [mu]m, simple-polysiliciium, quasi-auto-alignée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10186.
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Le travail presente dans ce manuscrit s'insere dans le cadre des recherches menees sur les composants bipolaires npn sur silicium au sein du centre national d'etudes des telecommunications de grenoble (cnet grenoble). Afin de realiser des transistors tres performants, nous avons tout d'abord travailles sur une des parties critiques des transistors a emetteur polysilicium : l'interface polysilicium/monosilicium. Nous presentons donc dans un premier temps, une etude originale sur la realisation de ces interfaces en utilisant une ozonation soit en ambiance gazeuse soit en ambiance aqueuse qui creent chacune une couche d'oxyde differente. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous presentons un modele de transport des porteurs a travers la barriere interfaciale qui nous permet d'extraire la resistance specifique d'interface et le coefficient de transmission des trous. Cette etude nous permet egalement de correler le bruit basse frequence a l'interface polysilicium/monosilicium et de montrer qu'il est le plus faible pour une interface la plus propre possible. Enfin, nous montrons qu'il est possible d'obtenir de tres bonnes performances dynamiques et un tres faible bruit basse frequence en utilisant une technologie simple polysilicium, quasi-auto-alignee 0,35 m avec un emetteur recristallise.
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Magri, Andrea. "Multifunctional complexes for molecular devices." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE036/document.
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Les semi-conducteurs organiques à base d’aluminium ont été systématiquement synthétisés et caractérisés par méthodes photo-physiques et électrochimiques. Une étude de leur relation structure-propriétés électroniques a été menée. Les orbitales frontières ont été comparées à celles obtenues par calcul. De nouvelles méthodes ont été utilisées permettant une description de la morphologie des SCOs et un calcul de mobilité des porteurs de charges associés. La mobilité des trous dans Al(Op)3 a été mesurée sur des transistors en film minces: 0.6-2.1×10−6cm2V−1s−1. Par des techniques de spectroscopie en photoémission, la surface de l’hybride Co/Al(Op)3 a été sondée, révélant deux états d’interfaces hybrides, où la polarisation de spin de HIS1 est 8% plus élevée comparée au cobalt nu, et 4% plus faible dans HIS2. Enfin, des aimant moléculaires à base de phénalényle ont été étudiés. [Dy(Op)2Cl(HOp)(EtOH)] présente notamment un gap énergétique de 43.8K et un temps de relaxation de 5x10-4 sAluminum-based organic semiconductors (OSCs) were systematically synthesized and studied by photophysical and electrochemical methods to identify a relationship between their chemical structure and electronic properties, using Alq3 as benchmark. Experimental HOMO and LUMO were compared to those computed. In addition, newly developed methods were implemented to generate morphologies and calculate charge carrier mobilities. The hole mobility of Al(Op)3 was measured in thin film transistors: 0.6-2.1×10−6 cm2V−1s−1. By photoemission spectroscopy techniques, the Co/Al(Op)3 hybrid interface was probed. Two hybrid interface states (HISs) were unraveled; the SP (spin polarization) of HIS1 is 8% higher than bare cobalt, whereas the SP of HIS2 is 4% lowered. At last, phenalenyl-based dysprosium SMMs (single-molecule magnet) were investigated. [Dy(Op)2Cl(HOp)(EtOH)] showed an energy gap of 43.8K and a quantum relaxation time of 5x10-4s
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Ansaripour, Ghassem. "Hot carriers and high field effects in SiGe heterostructures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343250.
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Day, Stephen. "Controlling charge carrier injection in organic electroluminescent devices via ITO substrate modification." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368243.
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Benarfa, Houria. "Proprietes de photoluminescence de gaas : contribution a l'etude de gaas heteroepitaxie sur (ca,sr)f2 par la technique des jets moleculaires." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0019.
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ANALYSE DE LA PHOTOLUMINESCENCE DE STRUCTURES GaAs/(Ca,Sr))F2/GaAs, A FLUORURE ACCORDE EN MAILLE AU GAAS; INFLUENCE DES PARAMETRES DE CROISSANCE ET DE LA DISTANCE A L'INTERFACE. COMPARAISON DES PERFORMANCES DE SEMICONDUCTEUR HETEROEPITAXIE A CELLES DE GAAS EPITAXIE; ETUDE DE COUCHES DE GAAS EPITAXIE SUR CAF2 MASSIF
Book chapters on the topic "Interface charge mobility"
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Ohshima, Hiroyuki. "Electrophoretic Mobility of Charged Particles." In Electrical Phenomena at Interfaces and Biointerfaces, 35–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118135440.ch4.
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Bron, Gebbiena M., J. Joukje Siebenga, and Louise O. Fresco. "In the Age of Pandemics, Connecting Food Systems and Health: A Global One Health Approach." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 869–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_46.
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AbstractThe health of people, the health of animals, including aquatic species and insects, the health of plants and the environment, including soils, are connected, and this is captured by the One Health approach. The Covid-19 pandemic has laid bare this interconnectedness. Zoonotic infectious disease spillover occurs most commonly where the agri-food system interfaces with natural ecosystems, as this is where humans, domesticated animals and wildlife interact. On the other hand, deficient human health adds to the favorable conditions for pathogen transmission. There are direct and indirect effects of pandemics on food systems and health; disease outbreaks disrupt overall mobility, the workforce and the supply chain. Such disruptions affect food security and, in many cases, workers’ income or the economic viability of businesses in the food system. In this chapter, we discuss the link between global food security and One Health, and how to prepare for, and minimize the chance of, future pandemics. Reducing the likelihood of spillover and onwards transmission risk of pathogens can be served through (i) reducing the need for natural habitat disruption, (ii) smart management of both sides of the interface between natural ecosystems and the agri-food system, and vigilance at the human-animal interface within the agri-food system, and (iii) improving overall human, animal and environmental health.
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Alho, André Romano, Takanori Sakai, Fang Zhao, Linlin You, Peiyu Jing, Lynette Cheah, Christopher Zegras, and Moshe Ben-Akiva. "Laboratories for Research on Freight Systems and Planning." In Urban Informatics, 171–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_12.
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AbstractAdvancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the advent of novel mobility solutions have brought about drastic changes in the urban mobility environment. Pervasive ICT devices acquire new sources of data that can inform detailed transportation simulation models, and are useful in analyzing new policies and technologies. In this context, we developed software laboratories that leverage the latest technological developments and enhance freight research. Future mobility sensing (FMS) is a data-collection platform that integrates tracking devices and mobile apps, a backend with machine-learning technologies and user interfaces to deliver highly accurate and detailed mobility data. The second platform, SimMobility, is an open-source, agent-based urban simulation platform which replicates urban passenger and goods movements in a fully disaggregated manner. The two platforms have been used jointly to advance the state of the art in behavioral modeling for passenger and goods movements. In this chapter, we review recent developments in freight-transportation data-collection techniques, including contributions to transportation modeling, and state-of-the-art transportation models. We then introduce FMS and SimMobility and demonstrate a coordinated application using three examples. Lastly, we highlight potential innovations and future challenges in these research domains.
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Van Damme, H. S., and J. Feijen. "Protein adsorption at polymer-liquid interfaces using series of polymers with varying hydrophilicity, charge and chain mobility." In Modern Aspects of Protein Adsorption on Biomaterials, 55–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3752-2_7.
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"Trap Property and Charge Transmission in PE." In Electrical Insulation Breakdown and Its Theory, Process, and Prevention, 129–55. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8885-6.ch005.
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The electrical properties of the dielectric are achieved by affecting the charge transfer process. The trap characteristics have an important influence on the electrical properties of the dielectric by affecting the charge transfer process. Aggregation and trap level characteristics of nanographene on low density polyethylene (LDPE). The direct current conductivity, breakdown strength, trap level distribution, space charge distribution, and charge mobility of nanocomposites were investigated. The experimental results show that the interface region between graphene and polymer introduces many deep traps in the forbidden band of nanocomposites, which can reduce the trapping process of charge and inhibit the accumulation of space charge. This indicates that the addition of nanoscale graphene has a significant improvement in the electrical performance of high voltage DC cables, which will provide a reference for production and application.
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Kuentzer, Lucas, Marcel Schwarzenbarth, Daniel Siladjev, and Georg Rock. "evoDash – A Transdisciplinary Vision for an Education Platform and a Simulation-Based Vehicle Development Process." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde200066.
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In the wake of environmental disasters and accelerating climate change the challenges facing humanity seem bigger than ever. In the public eye private transport and mobility are two of the most apparent fields in need of a sustainable evolution. Around the globe car manufacturers and developers of innovative mobility solutions are hard at work in shaping the future of transport and travel. Like many modern problems these fields require a transdisciplinary approach and collaboration of disciplines in order to design a solution. At Trier University of Applied Sciences, the student team proTRon has been building highly efficient mobility concepts since 2005 and developing the prototype for a law- and safety-compliant urban vehicle concept since 2015. In this industry-oriented collaboration project the students get the chance to work in a realistic environment emulating a vehicle development process, preparing them for a job in the mobility industry as the next generation of system developers and engineers with a transdisciplinary attitude. Within the framework of this project students acquire competencies in communication and cooperation as well as gain expertise in areas like sustainability, efficiency, and organization. This paper introduces “evoDash”, a human-vehicle interface prototype for the urban vehicle concept proTRon EVOLUTION with a focus on usability and modularity. Designed and developed by students it is a software architecture based on Android and central part of a vision for a transdisciplinary education platform, which provides the foundation for future software and hardware development projects working towards an innovative and sustainable human-vehicle interface. The modular architecture of the platform provides the necessary interfaces and layout options for the functionalities that result from innovative ideas and student projects, embedding them into a usable and individually adjustable framework that will be subject to continuous iterations in order to optimize usability, safety and security. This paper proposes a simulation-based process model focused on rapid prototyping. It aims at providing a possible framework for transdisciplinary engineering projects and education.
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Thrush, Simon F., Judi E. Hewitt, Conrad A. Pilditch, and Alf Norkko. "Benthic animals and plants and what they do to sediments." In Ecology of Coastal Marine Sediments, 19–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804765.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the interactions of plants and animals with their immediate sedimentary environment. Plants and animals fundamentally change the physical and chemical characteristics of their sedimentary environment. The changes they effect are dependent on their size, living position, feeding mode and mobility. The types of changes are discussed as well as the resultant ability of plants and animals to actually create seafloor habitats and contribute to sediment heterogeneity at both small and large scales. Seafloor habitats are therefore best defined by a mix of physical and biology rather than physical descriptors alone. But the differences between how different animals feed and move and their ability to create structures such as tubes and burrows that influence the flows of oxygen and porewater within the sediments and across the sediment–water interface mean that there are not only a variety of vegetated seafloor habitats but a variety of non-vegetated ones.
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Freitas, Sara, and Mark Levene. "Wearable and Mobile Devices." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 706–12. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch106.
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Information and Communication Technologies, known as ICT, have undergone dramatic changes in the last 25 years. The 1980s was the decade of the Personal Computer (PC), which brought computing into the home and, in an educational setting, into the classroom. The 1990s gave us the World Wide Web (the Web), building on the infrastructure of the Internet, which has revolutionized the availability and delivery of information. In the midst of this information revolution, we are now confronted with a third wave of novel technologies (i.e., mobile and wearable computing), where computing devices already are becoming small enough so that we can carry them around at all times, and, in addition, they have the ability to interact with devices embedded in the environment. The development of wearable technology is perhaps a logical product of the convergence between the miniaturization of microchips (nanotechnology) and an increasing interest in pervasive computing, where mobility is the main objective. The miniaturization of computers is largely due to the decreasing size of semiconductors and switches; molecular manufacturing will allow for “not only molecular-scale switches but also nanoscale motors, pumps, pipes, machinery that could mimic skin” (Page, 2003, p. 2). This shift in the size of computers has obvious implications for the human-computer interaction introducing the next generation of interfaces. Neil Gershenfeld, the director of the Media Lab’s Physics and Media Group, argues, “The world is becoming the interface. Computers as distinguishable devices will disappear as the objects themselves become the means we use to interact with both the physical and the virtual worlds” (Page, 2003, p. 3). Ultimately, this will lead to a move away from desktop user interfaces and toward mobile interfaces and pervasive computing.
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Sayed Ali Ahmed, Elmustafa, Zahraa Tagelsir Mohammed, Mona Bakri Hassan, and Rashid A. Saeed. "Algorithms Optimization for Intelligent IoV Applications." In Handbook of Research on Innovations and Applications of AI, IoT, and Cognitive Technologies, 1–25. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6870-5.ch001.
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Internet of vehicles (IoV) has recently become an emerging promising field of research due to the increasing number of vehicles each day. It is a part of the internet of things (IoT) which deals with vehicle communications. As vehicular nodes are considered always in motion, they cause frequent changes in the network topology. These changes cause issues in IoV such as scalability, dynamic topology changes, and shortest path for routing. In this chapter, the authors will discuss different optimization algorithms (i.e., clustering algorithms, ant colony optimization, best interface selection [BIS] algorithm, mobility adaptive density connected clustering algorithm, meta-heuristics algorithms, and quality of service [QoS]-based optimization). These algorithms provide an important intelligent role to optimize the operation of IoV networks and promise to develop new intelligent IoV applications.
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Martin, Élise. "Mobilités franco-belges liées au handicap Franchir la frontière pour accéder à une prise en charge adaptée." In Maillages, interfaces, réseaux transfrontaliers, de nouveaux enjeux territoriaux de la santé, 67–78. Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46608/santencontextes1.9791030008067.6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Interface charge mobility"
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Potbhare, S., N. Goldsman, G. Pennington, J. M. McGarrity, and A. Lelis. "Characterization of 4H-SiC MOSFET Interface Trap Charge Density Using a First Principles Coulomb Scattering Mobility Model and Device Simulation." In 2005 International Conference On Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sispad.2005.201481.
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Li, Haiwang, Teck Neng Wong, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "Electrohydrodynamic and Shear-Stress Interfacial Instability of Two Streaming Viscous Liquid Inside a Microchannel for Normal Electric Fields." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58089.
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The electrohydrodynamic and shear-stress instability of the interface between two viscous fluids with different electrical properties under constant flowrates in microchannel is analytically and experimentally investigated. In analytical model, the two-layer system is subjected to an electric field normal to the interface between the two fluids; the electric field, surface charge and fluid dynamic are coupled only at the interface. In the experiments, two immiscible fluids, aqueous NaHCO3 (high electrical mobility fluid) and Poly (dimethylsiloxane) (low electrical mobility fluid) are pushed into the PMMA microchannel using syringes and syringe pump. The normal electric field is added to the aqueous NaHCO3 using high voltage power supply; the perturbation electric field are added using a function generator and a power amplifier. The results showed that the electric fields can induce the instability of fluids in microchannel; the increasing of viscosity and flowrates has a stabilizing effect to the flow; but increasing of thickness has a destabilizing effect to the flow. The results also show that the analytical solution has a good agreement with the experimental results.
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Domakonda, S., L. Gouti, S. Earles, C. Baum, S. Ramesh, and K. Mitra. "Characterization of Hybrid-Nano Polymer Solar Cell." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12895.
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The efficiency of hybrid solar cell depends mainly on the exciton dissociation efficiency and charge mobility. The exciton dissociation efficiency can be improved by increasing the interfacial area between the nanoparticles and polymer. Charge mobility can be improved by proper distribution of nanoparticles in polymer to form better permitting path of each material. Both these parameters are strongly dependant on better distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer. The approach used in this research is the application of star dispersant to the photo active layer, specifically designed for conducting polymers. This dispersant will modify the arms of conducting polymer to have a high compatibility with nanoparticles and provide better distribution. The patterning of these polymers is achieved by wet etching process. Finally, Indium is used as a contact between P3HT and ITO to measure voltage and current characteristics. A number of specimens are prepared with and without the introduction of star dispersant. Absorption spectrum analysis and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are performed to characterize the optical properties of active layer. Parametric study involving influence of the nano-composite film morphology with and without star dispersant for Photoluminescence measurement and I-V characteristics of hybrid nano-polymer solar cells have been studied. Structural characterization revealed that with the application of the dispersant, better mixing of the nanoparticles and the polymer can be achieved. This will in turn increase the interface area and improve exciton dissociation.
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Kulkarni, Sudhir, Kunal Mitra, and Swaminathan Ramesh. "Optical Performance of a Hybrid Nano-Polymer Solar Cell." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41509.
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Solar energy harvesting is one of the most fundamental solutions to the energy crisis; photovoltaics are the best way to achieve it. Organic based photovoltaics have potential for application as a renewable source of energy. It is cost-effective, light weight, simple and economical to fabricate. Introduction of nanomaterials into polymers is very promising for enhancing photovoltaic conversion efficiency and can potentially improve photochemical and environmental stability. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of the nanocomposite film morphology on the optical performance of the hybrid nano-polymer solar cell. The efficiency of such hybrid solar cell depends mainly on the exciton dissociation efficiency and charge mobility. The exciton dissociation efficiency can be improved by increasing the interfacial area between the nanoparticles and polymer. Charge mobility can be improved by proper distribution of nanoparticles in polymer to form better percolation path of each material. Both these parameters are strongly dependant on better distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer. The approach used here is the application of star dispersant, specifically designed for conducting polymers. This dispersant will modify the arms of the conducting polymer to have a high affinity towards nanoparticles and provide better distribution. In this paper the influence on the morphology of the solar cell by the use of star dispersant and corresponding improvement in optical properties and performance is analyzed. Subsequent papers will describe the photovoltaic enhancements of such a solar cell. The solar cell structure chosen here is ITO / PEDOT:PSS / P3HT:TiO2 / Al. A number of specimens are prepared with and without introduction of the star-dispersant. For structural characterization, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used. Absorption spectrum analysis and Photoluminescence (PL) analysis are performed to characterize the optical properties of the active layer. Structural characterization revealed that with the application of the dispersant, better mixing of the nanoparticles and the polymer can be achieved. This will in turn increase the interface area and improve exciton dissociation. Better PL quenching is observed in the dispersant modified active layer confirming an improved degree of exciton dissociation.
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Bellabiod, Sofiane, Ozgur Karacali, Abdelkader Aris, Abdelhakim Deghmoum, and Bertrand Theuveny. "Evaluating Phase Blockages and Mobility Changes During Pressure Transient Analysis." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204535-ms.
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Abstract Pressure transient analysis (PTA) is a cogent methodology to evaluate dynamics of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Numerous analytical and numerical models have been developed to model various types of wellbore, reservoir, and boundary responses. However, the near-wellbore region remains to be perplexing in pressure transient analysis. In this paper we investigate the pressure transient behavior of phase blocking and mobility variations caused by fluid phase interactions or properties, such as viscous drag forces and surface tension at the near-wellbore region and their impact on pressure transient evaluation. We have used real field examples to scrutinize relative effects of mobility variations in pressure transients. The impact of capillary number (Nc) acting on the near-wellbore region and its influence on pressure transient behavior and skin alteration were examined in detail. Several real field examples honoring actual reservoir rock special core analysis (SCAL) and fluid pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties have been studied. Actual field data discussed in this paper for PTA were captured during drill stem testing (DST) operations from various hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Berkine Basin of Algeria. PVT laboratory-measurement-based fluid properties were used in conjunction with tuned equation of state (EOS) models to ensure consistency between wells and reservoirs. Pressure transient analysis of a gas condensate reservoir system can depict various mobility regions, especially while flowing below dew point pressure. In some cases, three-distinct-mobility regions can be identified as: a far-field zone with initial gas and condensate saturation; a mid-field zone with increased condensate saturation and lower gas relative permeability; and a near-wellbore zone with high Nc which increases gas relative permeability and mobility. These three-distinct-mobility regions form due to condensate dropping out and fluid interactions in the near wellbore. We demonstrate, with real-life field examples of the near-wellbore region, how the relative effects of viscous drag forces and surface tension forces acting across the liquid and gas interface can enable the reference fluid phase to regain its mobility. We further investigate the evaluation of skin factor in such circumstances and show how the existence of phase blocking and velocity stripping can cause over-estimation or under-estimation of skin factor. We present a novel set of real field examples and relations between various zones in hydrocarbon reservoirs to avoid snags of misleading pressure transient interpretations and how composite models can be accurately used to represent complex cases. Field examples from Algerian hydrocarbon reservoirs are depicted. The findings could be easily applied for similar reservoirs in other parts of the globe to identify and model such intricate systems.
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Petrocchi, Filippo, Gian Andrea Giacobone, and Giuseppe Mincolelli. "In-vehicles interfaces development and elderly habits: a possible encounter." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001872.
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Nowadays the world is getting older and more populated. This is mainly due to several factors: the aging of the baby boomer generation; the extended longevity, the decreased birth rate as well as a period of relative peace all over the world. (Fatima, K., & Moridpour, S. (2019).Nevertheless, while the extended life expectancy can be considered an achievement for the human race, on the other hand, it also involves several challenges, for instance, maintaining economic productivity, health care programs, and public pension benefits. Furthermore, an ageing society means a population that requires higher costs in public health care and other services (News, K., & Lives, H. 2018).Aging society is a factor which involves all the field of the world and mobility is for sure not an exception. Especially for elderly people, Mobility is fundamental to active aging and is intimately linked to health status and quality of life. (Webber, S. C., Porter, M. M., & Menec, V. H. 2010) (Fatima, K., & Moridpour, S. (2019), (Johnson,et al. 2017).While the world is aging, the field of automotive is undergoing profound transformation. Despite the fact that the current situation can be described as a VUCA situation which stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity, all automotive experts agree on a completely renewed automotive future 2030 characterized by: the spread of electric and connected vehicles, the use of partially or fully automated vehicles; a loss of centrality of vehicle ownership in favor of a mobility service. All changes can be summarized under the acronym MADE which indicates: New Models of Mobility, Autonomous Driving, Digitization, Electrification. Especially considering the forecasts for future growth volumes and the intensity of technological discontinuity, electronics is certainly the sector that will grow the most: especially in the areas of Infotainment and ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System).Roland Berger(2020)While the introduction of new technologies can be a good marketing and profit-enhancing tool for a company, it must be considered that such changes are more influenced by financial reasons than by user desirability issues. For this reason, in a world where innovation is very fast, introducing new features could be very interesting for a young population but a hindrance for older people. In fact, according to several studies people with or above 65 years old are more averse to using new tools and interfaces since the use of these would involve, at least in a first phase, errors and embarrassing situations that are hardly tolerated (Arch et al 2008; Hill et al 2015; Raimundo and Da Silvana Santana 2014; Zajicek 2001). This is also confirmed by the fact that older people prefer familiar and known steps differently from young people who usually like to explore new solutions (Pernice et al 2013)For this reason, this contribution analyzes the current in-vehicles HMI trends to provide possible improvement points to improve elderly travelling experience and verify possible encounters between the fast development of the automotive industry and the mobility of elderly people.
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Borca-Tasciuc, Theodorian. "Heat Conduction Across Nanoscale Interfaces and Nanomaterials for Thermal Management and Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31312.
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Nanoscale heat conduction plays a critical role in applications ranging from thermal management of nanodevices to nanostructured thermoelectric materials for solid state refrigeration and power generation. This lecture presents recent investigations in our group. The first part of the lecture demonstrates heat conduction across nanoscale interfaces formed between individual nanoscale heaters and the silicon substrate [1]. A systematic experimental study was performed of thermal transport from individual nanoscale heaters with widths ranging between 77nm-250nm to bulk silicon substrates in the temperature range of 80–300K. The effective substrate thermal conductivity was measured by joule heating thermometry. We report up to two orders of magnitude reductions in the measured effective thermal conductivity of the silicon substrate when the heater widths are smaller than the mean free path of the heat carriers in the substrate, as summarized in Fig. 1. The effective mean free path of the silicon substrate was extracted from the measurements and was found to be comparable with recent molecular dynamics simulations. A proof of concept demonstration of a novel Thermal Interface Material (TIM) is presented next. The high thermal conductivity TIM is based on a highly connected high thermal conductivity nanostructured filler network embedded in a polymer matrix where the contribution of filler-matrix interfaces to thermal resistance is minimized. It was found [2] that the thermal conductivity could be varied from ∼0.2 to 20 W/mK when the volume fraction of metallic nanoparticles was varied from 0–20%. For similar volume fractions and filler composition, microparticle based composites have two orders of magnitude lower thermal conductivities. SEM characterization and thermal transport modeling are employed to support the conclusion that morphological changes in the nano-TIM are responsible for the thermal conductivity reduction. Thermoelectric transport investigations are discussed for a novel class of highly scalable nanostructured bulk chalcogenides developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute [3]. Un-optimized, single-component bulk assemblies of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 single crystal nanoplates show large enhancements (25–60%) in the room temperature thermoelectric figure of merit compared with individual bulk counterparts (Table 1). Nanostructuring was found to lead to strong thermal conductivity reduction without significantly affecting the mobility of the charge carriers, as shown in Table 2. A scanning thermal microprobe technique developed for simultaneous thermal conductivity (κ) and Seebeck coefficient (α) measurements in thermoelectric films is also presented [4]. In this technique, an AC alternative current joule-heated V-shaped microwire that serves as heater, thermometer and voltage electrode, locally heats the thin film when contacted with the surface (Fig. 2). The κ is extracted from the average DC temperature rise thermal resistance of the microprobe and α from the DC Seebeck voltage measured between the probe and unheated regions of the film by modeling the heat transfer in the probe, sample and their contact area, and by calibrations with standard reference samples. Application of the technique on sulfur-doped porous Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 films reveals α = −105.4 and 1.96 μV/K, respectively, which are within 2% of the values obtained by independent measurements carried out using microfabricated test structures. The respective κ values are 0.36 and 0.52 W/mK, which are significantly lower than the bulk values due to film porosity, and are consistent with effective media theory. The dominance of air conduction at the probe-sample contact area determines the microscale spatial resolution of the technique and allows probing samples with rough surfaces. Non-contact mode measurement of thermal conductivity was also demonstrated and confirmed by independent characterization [5]. In non-contact mode the technique utilizes ballistic air conduction as the dominant heat transfer mechanism between the thermal probe and the sample and thus eliminates uncertainties due to solid contact and liquid meniscus conduction.
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Major, Pierre, Ricardo da Silva Torres, Andreas Amundsen, Pernille Stadsnes, and Egil Tennfjord Mikalsen. "On the Use of Graphical Digital Twins for Urban Planning of Mobility Projects: a Case Study from a new District in Ålesund, Norway." In 36th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2022-0236.
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Urban planning is a complex task often involving many stakeholders of varying levels of knowledge and expertise over periods stretching years. Many urban planning tools currently exist, especially for mobility planning. However, the use of such tools often relies on ad-hoc modelling of "expensive" domain experts, which hampers to incorporate new knowledge and insights into the planning process over time. Another issue refers to the lack of interactivity, i.e., stakeholders can not easily change configurations of simulations and visualize the impact of those changes. This paper presents and discusses the benefits of using a graphical digital twin to overcome such shortcomings. We demonstrate how a digital-twin-based approach improves the current planning practices from two perspectives. The first refers to automating the configuration and data integration in models, making the tool flexible and scalable to large-scale planning involving multiple cities on a national level and supporting automatic updates of employed models when input data is updated. The second refers to supporting interaction with the model through a user interface that allows stakeholders to perform actions, leading to insightful what-if scenarios and therefore better-informed decisions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of using graphical digital twins in a compelling real usage case study concerning urban mobility planning in Ålesund, Norway. Finally, this paper also outlines recommendations and further research opportunities in the area.
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Carrigan, Wei, Pavan Nuthi, Charu Pande, Caleb P. Nothnagle, and Muthu B. J. Wijesundara. "A Pressure Modulating Sensorized Soft Actuator Array for Pressure Ulcer Prevention." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68191.
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Pressure ulcers are a serious reoccurring complication among wheelchair users with impaired mobility and sensation. It is postulated that external mechanical loading, specifically on bony prominences, is a major contributing factor in pressure ulcer formation. Prevention strategies mainly center on reducing the magnitude and duration of external forces acting upon the body. Seat cushion technologies for reducing pressure ulcer prevalence often employ soft materials and customized cushion geometries. Air cell arrays used in time-based pressure modulation techniques are seen as a promising alternative; however, this approach could be further enhanced by adding real-time pressure profile mapping to enable automated pressure modulation customizable for each user’s condition. The work presented here describes the development of a prototype support surface and pressure modulation algorithm which can monitor interface pressure as well as automatically offload and redistribute concentrated pressure. This prototype is comprised of arrays of sensorized polymeric soft air cell actuators which are modulated by a pneumatic controller. Each actuator’s pressure can be changed independently which results in a change to the interface pressure allowing us to offload targeted regions and provide local adjustment for redistribution. The pressure mapping, redistribution, and offloading capabilities of the prototype are demonstrated using pressure modulation algorithms described here.
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Qiao, Rui, and L. Cate Brinson. "Gradient Interphases in Polymer Nanocomposites." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12706.
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As revealed by experimental data on ultrathin polymer films [1, 2], polymer mobility changes in a gradient fashion away from the polymer-surface interface. However, little is yet known on gradients in mechanical properties in polymer nanocomposites. In this work, we discuss a novel nanoindentation experimental approach to measure these properties in model nanocomposite systems, the associated modeling to extract realistic data (Figure1), and simulations of representative volume elements (RVE) of nanocomposites including interphase layers (Figure2).
Reports on the topic "Interface charge mobility"
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.