Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intérêts économique'
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Belot, Frédéric. "Le préjudice économique." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3007.
Full textKhlaifi, Rachid. "Comptabilité nationale et comptabilité d'entreprise : concepts des flux : intérêts et limites dans l'analyse économique et financière." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010023.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to present a "crossed sheet" between national accounting and enterprise's accounting by the economic activities represented in flows activities. The affect of the economic and financial activities on the cash flow is the fondamental equation of flow analysis. The accounting facts are enregistred in the "flow book" next to an "account book"
GALIMBERTI, DEBORAH. ""Gouverner le développement économique des territoires: entre politique et société." Une comparaison des régions de Lyon et Milan (1970-2011)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/89237.
Full textLa thèse a pour objet les relations entre gouvernements locaux (et régionaux) et intérêts économiques et leur contribution respective à la construction politique des territoires. Ces derniers correspondent à un niveau intermédiaire de structuration des systèmes d’acteurs et des institutions. Ils peuvent aussi agir comme acteurs collectifs, c’est à dire développer des stratégies et une capacité politique propres. La thèse vise à mettre au jour les mécanismes soutenant la cristallisation et la stabilisation des systèmes d’acteurs à différents niveaux territoriaux. Cette problématique est explorée à partir d’une étude d’un domaine d’action publique territoriale, qui est typiquement partagé entre plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement : le développement économique. La thèse se concentre sur un horizon temporel qui va de la crise industrielle des années 1970 aux processus récents de métropolisation économique. Les données empiriques sont tirées d’une étude comparative de deux régions non-capitales en France et en Italie, Lyon et Milan, ayant fait face à une importante restructuration de leurs bases productives au cours de cette période. Ce travail démontre que la construction politique des territoires s’explique à la fois par la capacité d’action des gouvernements locaux et par la capacité de mobilisation des intérêts économiques. Il permet de déceler des différences durables entre les deux cas : ainsi dans le cas lyonnais et rhônalpin, les institutions publiques ont un rôle d’encadrement des processus de développement plus fort, alors que ce sont plutôt les intérêts économiques qui orientent les choix publics dans les cas milanais et lombard. Ces différences ont des répercussions sur les échelles de gouvernement : dans le cas français, la présence d’une institution de gouvernement puissante, en l’occurrence le gouvernement métropolitain, a contribué à fixer stablement les systèmes d’acteurs à cette échelle. En revanche, en Italie il n’est pas possible d’identifier une échelle dominante sur le temps long, en raison de la présence d’intérêts économiques multi-positionnés et de la prééminence de logiques politico-partisanes qui joue contre le renforcement des institutions publiques.
Boucraut, Louis-Marie. "Les principes juridiques d'évaluation du préjudice économique réparable résultant d'atteintes aux biens dans le contentieux des responsabilités civile et administrative." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX32015.
Full textConcerning compensation for financial damages caused to goods, the "cour de cassation" and the "conseil d'etat" have established the one legal rule for liability disputes : full compensation. This rule is not explicitely contained in any text. It has been mainly established by court decisions. However, the analysis of civil and administrative court decisions, show that this general rule is neither interpreted nor appliced in the same way by these two juridictions. Therefore, damages granted for the same goods are evaluated differentely by civil court and by administrative court, wich creates an anomaly. Following the analysis of recent court decisions, some solutions have been proposed wich depend ont the economical context and not on the juridiction to wich the case has been brought
Galimberti, Deborah. "Gouverner le développement économique des territoires : entre politique et société : Une comparaison des régions de Lyon et Milan (1970-2011)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET2208.
Full textThis thesis studies the relationships between local (and regional) governments and economic interests and their contribution to the political construction of territories. The thesis aims to uncover the mechanisms supporting the crystallization and stabilization of systems of actors at different territorial levels. This issue is analysed through a comparative analysis of territorial economic strategies of two non-capital regions in France and Italy, Lyon and Milan, since the industrial crisis of the 1970s to the recent process of economic metropolitanization. This work demonstrates that the political construction of territories depends both on the capacity of action of local governments and the mobilisation of economic interests. As for the types of relationships between local governments and economic interests, stable variations between the two cases stand out from the analysis: in the French case public institutions have a more directive role in the government of local economic development policies, while it is rather the economic interests that influence public action in the Italian case. These differences have implications on the scales of government: in the French case the presence of a powerful government institution, namely the metropolitan government, contributed to stably secure the systems of actors on this scale. By contrast, in Italy it is not possible to identify a dominant and stable scale along time due to the presence of powerful and multi positioned economic interests and to the domination of partisan logics over institution-building processes
Spassova, Vesselina. "Quel mécanisme de mise en oeuvre pour le droit de la concurrence en Europe ? : limites de la mise en oeuvre privée." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32053.
Full textThe present work evaluates some of the propositions included in the project of the European Commission to promote private enforcement of competition law in the European Union. Those propositions have been recently summarized in the Commission’s “White paper on damages actions for breach of EC antitrust rules” (2008). Our evaluation relies on the traditional tools of the economic analysis of law. We first compare the two mechanisms of public and private law enforcement and the aptitude of each of them to serve the specific aims of competition law. We point out that private enforcement, and the compensation for the victims which is associated to it, creates perverse incentives and is hard to implement due to the difficulties in identifying the victims and their respective damages. We argue that sanction based on compensatory damages is inefficient from the perspective of an optimal deterrence and likely to result in over or under deterrence and higher social cost. The combination of private and public enforcement in a mixed enforcement system being at the heart of the Commission’s propositions, we then analyze the Unites States experience with the mixed enforcement of antitrust laws. We show that mixed enforcement led to unpredictable and inconsistent cumulated sanctions and inefficient deterrence. The second drawback of the mixed system is to create a bias in favor of a private action which follows, instead of replaces, a government action, therefore increasing enforcement costs without increasing the level of detection. Additionally, this system exacerbates the problem of suits without merit and creates the opportunity for the plaintiffs to free-ride on government enforcement. With the help of a simple strategic model, we show that the European system is likely to generate mostly follow-on private suits, if any, and that the legal provisions contained in the White paper can hardly “filter out” suits without merit
Cayot, Mathilde. "Le préjudice économique pur." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD020.
Full textPure economic loss is the one that results neither from a personal injury nor from damage to property and generates negative economic consequences, such as the damage caused to the economy, or as the prejudice resulting from an act of unfair competition. This notion is little known to the French law. However, practise shows that some economic prejudices under this definition exist and are compensated for. From this practical ascertainment result several difficulties. There is confusion between pure economic loss and economic damages that, on the contrary, are the result of an injury to person or property. This confusion harms the effective compensation of the pure economic loss. Moreover, the absence of an appropriate legal regime entails a distortion of liability mechanisms, as its traditional criteria are undermined when it comes to repairing a pure economic loss. Various examples illustrate these difficulties: the damage to the economy, for instance, or the injury in terms of unfair competition, for which the certainty is rarely established. Therefore, it would be appropriate to adapt and develop the existing rules in order to achieve effective compensation for pure economic loss. Amongst these developments: the rather already old question of these punitive damages, or the renewal of the issue of « economic » compensation in nature through the restitution of « over profit », as suggested by some. A suitable legal framework could thus govern the existence of pure economic loss criteria on the one hand, and its assessment criteria on the other
Perrin, Florence. "La constitution de l'intérêt général, entre droits et intérêts particuliers, dans le libéralisme politique (XVIIIème - XIXème siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0106.
Full textIt has become all too common to sigh over the loss of a political ideal, aimed at the pursuit of the general interest and unifying enough to mobilise the members of a political and social community. Among the factors often deemed responsible for the crumbling of the political link and the waning of civic duties is liberal philosophy, the individualistic dimension of which would supposedly have made the sacrifice of individual interests in the name of the general interest utterly impossible. We intend to show in this study that, by setting out its definition of the common good, liberalism has brought in indecisiveness, which makes it difficult for people to refer to. Indeed as liberalism is understood as the means to further individual interests -since each and everyone has a right to achieve their own ends-liberalism can mean the achieving of these very ends as weIl as the protection of rights. If today this twofold point dissolves itself into the options one has between political liberalism and economic liberalism, we will see that it has already given ri se to a tension among the founders of liberalism, who hesitate between the establishment of laws setting the limits of legitimate interests on the one hand and the upholding of interests from which the legal system stems from on the other. The ambiguity between what lies in the general interest, the safeguard of rights, and the pursuit of the general interest based on the composition of individual interests thus compels us to define more precisely the nature of citizens' taking part in politics, especially in a democracy
Mousikoudis-Hatterer, Ioanna. "L' évolution de l'éducation grecque en Thrace de 1856 à 1908 : antagonismes financiers et intérêts nationaux." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30011.
Full textThrace was the ground of an enormous educational endeavour starting in the mid-19th century and lasting until the early 1900s. Marked for the amounts of funds allocated, for the admirable school network it generated and for the appointment of qualified educators to as far as the tiniest village in the area, the scheme aspired to both propagate the greek language and promote the hellenism. Initially, the greek education primarily reflected the strife of the Hellenism to maintain their language, their religion and their national identity. Later in the process, the greek didactics in Thrace was directly affected by the exacerbation of an ongoing interracial series of conflicts in the area, with those involving Greeks and Bulgars being the most catalytical ones towards its gradual transformation into an instrument serving exclusively the greek national interests. The Greeks, failing to adapt their classically oriented education to the more practical needs of the rural locality of Thrace, were bound to face critical issues. Moreover, the differences in perspective between the Patriarchate and the Greek State formed a working ground extremely unfavourable for the establishment of an integrated and stable educational system. Finally, the local conflicts over financial dominance, as well as the ones over influence among the greek consular authorities, bishops and associations, fostered a climate not conducive to drawing the Greeks of Thrace around a core firm and dynamic, capable of endowing them with a viable and functional educational policy
Verdoot, Jerome. "Une clôture hermétique? Isolement régulier et intérêts séculiers au monastère Saint-Pierre de Lobbes (VIIe-XIVe siècles)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238571.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Harrant, Valérie. "Indemnisation et valeur de la vie : une analyse économique appliquée au cas des victimes contaminées par le virus VIH par transfusion ou injection de produits sanguins en France." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMA002.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the compensation awarded to victims contaminated by HIV through transfusion or injection of blood products in France. This is not a "classic" case of wrongful injury, because the damage is related to the prospect of their own death. The disease is progressive, sequential and probably fatal, so that the determination of compensation requires the use of a theoretical dynamic model of health. Our work is based on the data files of the national compensation fund. The empirical results are consistent with the theoretical model
Hauray, Boris. "L'Europe du médicament : expertise, politique et intérêts privés dans la formation et le fonctionnement d'une évaluation européenne des médicaments." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0010.
Full textBrice, Benjamin. "La fin de la guerre ? : les ambiguïté de la « paix démocratique » : intérêts, passions et idées." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0041.
Full textThe most salient feature of contemporary international relations is probably the state of peace between liberal democracies across the globe: for almost two centuries, these have not waged war against one another. On the basis of this observation, "democratic peace" theorists - or more precisely "liberal peace" theorists - have tried to identify the "mechanisms" which explain this statistical correlation, and upon which a real international peace could be imagined, providing each political unit adopts the different aspects of the "liberal regime" (market economy, representative democracy and individual rights). Three main "mechanisms" are offered to support these theories: (1) national interests converge through trade and economic interdependence, (2) representative democracy tames the most warlike passions and (3) shared principles of justice in liberal democracies are likely to bring an end to the conflicts of ideas. We can recognize here the three main causes of war: interests, passions and ideas. These "mechanisms" have been discussed by political thinkers from the 18th century. Montesquieu for instance, usually dismissed by the "tradition" as the promoter of « doux commerce », is of great help to think through the ambivalence of the three different "mechanisms" at work: (1) alongside reconciling interests, modern trade gives rise to oppression and conquest, (2) pride in ruling and the desire to dominate do not disappear thanks to the revaluation of human passions, and (3) universal principles of justice, expected to establish an agreement between clashing ideas, easily transform into one form or another of imperialism. The purpose of this thesis is thus to understand what is changing and what is not in international affairs following the birth and the expansion of what we call the "liberal regime"
Wane, Abdoulaye. "Risque, danger de sinistre et sinistre dans un programme international pour le développement : enjeux stratégiques et intérêts spécifiques autour d'un projet de réforme institutionnelle au Sénégal." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0098.
Full textWe want, in this Ph. D dissertation, to give rise to the process of social construction of the risk in the international co-operation for development. Our approach consists, while going from the analysis of the World Bank as an institution (social category, culture, speech, approach, management of intercultural) towards the operation (the project "Trade reform and competitiveness" on the ground), progressively to draw up a cartography of the "locations" of production of the danger of loss which influence in the project. The loss, it is the mechanism by which the project tends towards a disconnection of its objectives in relation to the field reality. The cartography of the risk is based on two aspects of the production of the danger of loss. Initially, there are two "departures of fires" which combined lead to the loss. On a side there is the problem of the management of intercultural within a mixed team and other there are the reactions to the perceived risk/with the feeling of danger
Aubry-Memoli, Crescence. "Les relations monétaires entre la France et ses territoires d'Afrique centrale (1929-1960) : enjeux et intérêts des acteurs publics et privés." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010586.
Full textDussault, Roy. "Défense des intérêts des Canadiens français et unité de la Confédération canadienne : la pensée nationaliste de Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, 1840-1898." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30188.
Full textThe context of the Canadian Confederation is a remarkable window to observe the evolution of nationalism in Quebec through the XIXth century. It is in this context that the political thought of Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau is articulated. Influenced by the ideas of Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and George-Étienne Cartier, the young politician is seduced by the idea of a new political nation bringing together the two founding peoples of Canada. Chapleau's nationalist thought was characterized by a dual ideal: to defend the interests of French Canadians while preserving the unity of Canadian Confederation. At the time of the Great Depression of 1873, the politician manages to adapt his thinking to the difficult economic context and triumphs over his opponents, particularly the Castors, this group of ultramontane Conservatives dissidents of Chapleau's policies that they accuse of being allied to the Liberals. Once on the federal scene, Chapleau hopes to reaffirm the alliance between the two major nations in Canada, but finds himself confronted with the Riel Affair, which is shaking the whole country. From that moment, the political thought of the man is no longer in sync with the context in which he finds himself, which explains his many personal defeats in the years that follow. The realization of his political project is thus unfinished at the end of his life.
Tiburce, Vincent. "Stratégie fiscale de l'exploitation d'une officine : intérêts et inconvénients du passage du régime de l'impôt sur le revenu au régime de l'impôt sur les sociétés (comparaison entre l'entreprise individuelle et l'EURL soumise à l'impôt sur les sociétés." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P146.
Full textRago, Sophie. "Intérêts et apports des dynamiques d'apprentissage macro-économiques." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100161.
Full textGouband, Philippe. "La protection des intérêts économiques des consommateurs en droit communautaire." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020034.
Full textThe european community grants consumers five basic rights. One of these is the protection of economic good of the consumer which is carried out in two ways. First, there are different measures in community law with the objective of regulating commerce in the following areas : competition, distribution or advertising. These measures establish the protection of competitors as well as mecanisms in favor of consumers. In this context, only common good of consumers is taken into account. The protection is, thus, of a collective nature. Second, other european community regulation which have as objective to reduce the negative effects of the consumer society. One kind gives special rights to consumers into contractual relationships with the professionals such as information, cooling-off period, protection against abusive clauses. Others extend the protection after the act of the consommation, like in payment or liability for dommage due to defective products. The intention of this study is to examine different tools with the objective of protection the collective economic interests of consumers as well as the numerous regulations protecting the individual economic interests of consumer
Nardelli-Malgrand, Anne-Sophie. "La rivalité franco-italienne en Europe balkanique et danubienne, de la Conférence de la Paix (1919) au Pacte à quatre (1933) : intérêts nationaux et représentations du système européen." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040169/document.
Full textBy 1919, France and Italy look to the Balkan and Danubian Region, shaped by the collapse of multinational empires, to ensure their safety and power. While the Adriatic question drives away the two countries, they find a temporary consensus on Danubian Europe: neither Anschluss, nor Danubian confederation. This modus vivendi is however shattered in 1924 when the French desire to better organize its system of alliances meets fascist revisionism. Both powers try to overcome the difficulties created by the international movement for the Anschluss, the opposition of the Little Entente and Hungary, the status of Yugoslavia, but their divergent representations of what should be a renovated European concert prevent any collaboration. Their confrontation promotes the destabilization of the Balkans and the Danubian Region : the link between the two phenomenons breaks out in the open during the negotiations for the economic reconstruction of Europe between 1931 and 1933. In the wake of these, the Four Power Pact was designed by French diplomacy as an opportunity to tie Italy to the French vision of the organization of the continent, while Mussolini figures it as the first step in the disruption of the order created by the peace treaties: the Balkans and Danube was the great unspoken issue of the Four Power Pact
Giaoui, Franck S. "Indemnisation du préjudice économique en cas d'inexécution contractuelle : étude comparative en common law américaine, droit civil français et droit commercial international : application aux avant-contrats, atteintes à la réputation commerciale et activités sans base établie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D036.
Full textLaw statutes and codes lack of a precise definition of the « full compensation » principle, and a fortiori they Jack of rules for assessing compensatory damages. The legal doctrine tries to fil] in the blank by describing the different types of damages awarded, notably in the United States. Yet, the issue remains full when the Joss is certain but its valuation remains complex or uncertain. The assessment of the economic Joss and the calculation methodology for damages are considered to be only matters of facts: trial courts and judges thus retain a sovereign power, resulting in great uncertainty for the parties. Reducing judicial uncertainty requires the choice and creation of a common framework. Based on the results of an empirical law and economics analysis of several hundreds of precedent cases, the dissertation formulates simple and practical suggestions for parties looking to improve their chances of success in recouping lost profits and lost opportunities. It also evidences which improvements of the judicial systems are required in order to actually implement the current right to full compensation. More importantly the research reaches a fundamental nonnative conclusion: economic Joss, compensatory damages and hence, the calculation of the quantum granted should be considered, not as mere matters of facts but also as matters of law. Henceforth, it would be logical that the Cour de cassation ( or the highest court) advises and controls the use of calculation methodology. Each head of damages would thus be legally qualified and the principle of full compensation would be extended in order to better compensate the loss when evaluating its quantum is complex. It finally results that referenced compensatory scales can be practically developed from compiling relevant legal precedents. The introduction of such scales would benefit academics in their debates, parties in the drafting of their contracts and counsels in their pre-trial exchanges. Eventually, judges could use them as tools to assist their rulings. If those scales were to be adopted and shared, they would enable the creation of such artificial intelligence as machine learning which value - notably the predictive value - would far exceed what is perceived today
Livache, Karine. "Préparation centralisée des anticancéreux à l'hôpital Henri Mondor : intérêt économique." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P107.
Full textFotso, Kamdem Arnaud. "Intérêt de l'évaluation pharmaco-économique et pharmaco-épidémiologique en chirurgie pédiatrique." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3015/document.
Full textThe continuing progress of scientific research in the field of health have led to increasingexpectancy and quality of life. Thus, the development of new medicines and medical deviceshave improved the health conditions and treatment of patients at the cost of inflation inhealth spending. These developments have effects for encouraging states to implementprocedures of effectiveness assessment and management of risks associated with these newtherapeutic approaches.More recently, budget cuts due to the economic crisis in many OECD countries havecompelled states to reduce the proportion of their budgets on health. This led them todevelop health policies based on resource optimization.In this sense, the health econoic evaluation and pharmacoepidemiology are for healthcarestakeholders and policy makers a tool for decisional analysis. They are now increasingly integrated into reflection on care strategies and the implementation of health programs. The objective of our research has been through two projects, to study the interest of the health economic evaluations and pharmacoepidemiology in pediatric surgery. Thus, in a first, theoretical part, it is a synthesis of various studies of pharmaco-economics, pharmacoepidemiology was conducted and an inventory of economic evaluation studies in pediatric surgery was performed. In the second part more convenient, both projects are presented in pediatric surgery :- Project 1 (pharmacoeconomic) presents evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis oftreatment of moderate grade of vesicoureteral reflux in children.- Project 2 (Parmacoepidemiology) is a prospective multicenter study of theepidemiology of acute intussusception among infants (EPIstudy)
Lefèvre, Patrick. "Intérêts économiques et idéologiques dans l'arrondissement de Mons de 1830 à 1870." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213227.
Full textDavid, Vincent. "Les intérêts de sommes d'argent." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3022.
Full textGuyon, Philippe. "Les intérêts des sommes d'argent." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0429.
Full textRésumé en anglais non communiqué
Slifi, Abdelkader. "Emploi et intérêt : une approche keynésienne." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010013.
Full textDika, Elokan Pierre-Paul. "La politique étrangère de la nouvelle Afrique du Sud : les défis de la conciliation entre intérêt national, intérêt continental et mondialisation." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000616.pdf.
Full textThirteen year after the end of the Apartheid, Republic of South Africa remain marked by the rebuilding of its socio-economical crucible and an ambitious foreign policy. Even if it relies on the African renaissance and the NEPAD to legitimate its interest for Africa, it remains hostage of its past and its situation of exceptionality which crop up its foreign policy. However, these factors poorly hide the national ambitions visible in its involvement in the resolution of conflicts and the economic development of the african continent, and finally its international commitments. Therefore the challenges of the conciliation between national interest, continental interest and globalization illustrate the will of the country to legitimate its interest for Africa to exist at the international level, in the prism of its status useful to the black continent
Morea, Annalisa. "Étude des réseaux optiques translucides : évaluation de leur faisabilité et de leur intérêt économique." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0050.
Full textThe arrival and mastery of new optical transmission technologies and all-optical switching of signals in optical networks allow the introduction of transparency in the core network. In transparent networks, optical signals are not converted to electronic signals except when added or dropped. A translucent transport network is half way between an opaque network (systematic opto-electrical conversion at each node) and a transparent network. This type of network provides a trade-off between transparency and opacity and permits : Alleviate the need for opto-electrical devices without restricting either the length of connexions in the network or the wavelength constraint, assuring a balance between signal performance at reception and total network cost. Operation of the network independent of certain signal characteristics (bit rate, modulation, etc) making the network more adaptive to developments. These aspects make this type of network very attractive for providers, such as France Télécom. The goal of this thesis is to determine network feasibility and the advantages that could be brought to the backbone network. This study is original in the use of physical constraints linked to network dimensioning; these features are the main research axes of the present work
Poinsot, Philippe. "La relecture de l'oeuvre de Jules Dupuit à l'aune de la notion de bien-être et utilité publique : intérêt général, bien-être et utilité publique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010059.
Full textTomas, Rangil Maria Teresa. "La place du modèle de l'intérêt personnel et de la notion de rationalité dans l'explication des guerres, 1942-2005." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100025.
Full textThis thesis is an investigation on the role of self-interest and rationality in the explanation of international and civil wars advanced by social scientists in the second half of the 20th century. Its chapters give an idea of the transformations that the model of the economic man had to undergo to explain aggressive behaviour and wars. Using ideas from the sociology of science, this thesis tries to locate the particular explanations provided by economics within the larger field of possible explanations offered by specialists from other disciplines. This work is divided in three parts and contains six case studies. The first part (1940-1962) deals with the initial reluctance by some economists to attribute aggressive behaviour to economic agents. The second part (1960-2005) concerns the efforts by economists to provide economic foundations to the behavior of combatants and rebels. The third part (1980-2005) points at the weaknesses and limits of the economic explanations of wars. Altogether, these case studies reveal the concomitant rise of economics in the field of conflict studies and the increasingly tense relations between war economists and specialists from other disciplines
Le, Faou Anne-Laurence. "Peut-on réformer les systèmes de santé tout en conciliant les intérêts macro et micro-économiques ?" Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020025.
Full textThe conciliation of macro- and micro-economic interests in healthcare system reforms has conducted to study the social and financial situation of the health sector in france, germany, united-kingdom, united states and canada. These descriptions have pointed out the role of general practitioners and specialists in each system. The medical career in france was examined according to the game theory (von neumann and morgenstern) in order to discuss the medical curriculum efficacy on the running of hospitals and the primary care system. The healthcare expenditure policy has allowed to describe the methods and tools which are used to control the care supply and the demand of the population. Two reform tendancies were identified : the social coverage and the healthcare coverage reforms. The consequences of these measures concern the rationing of heath care and the setting up of dominant oligopoly. The experiences of rationalisation and incentive measures concerning hospitals, the primary care system, medication were discussed. The methods and tools used in the countries with a market economy are mainly macro-economic financial incentives. In order to reduce their consequences, incentives concerning quality of care are developed : hospital accreditation, clinical guide-lines. The organisation of medical specialties in hospitals was studied, using the theories of negociation and incitation. This study concerning five countries has demonstrated a convergent policy in rationalising the healthcare sector, taking into consideration the financial constraint, the history of the social system and the role of the medical doctor. The example of the reforms set up in an european eastern country dealing with the market economy confirms this tendancy
Morea, Annalisa. "Etude des réseaux optiques translucides : évaluation de leur faisabilité technique et de leur intérêt économique." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003161.
Full textBreton, Caroline. "Le dommage dans l'arbitrage d'investissement." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100139.
Full textThe harm is omnipresent in investment arbitration. It is at the origin of the proceedings and of the use of different incident mechanisms. A foreign investor files a request for arbitration against the host State, or asks for provisional measures, because it has or might have incurred damages due to the breach by the host State of its international obligations. The harm also (re)emerges all along the proceedings. At the jurisdiction stage, it determines the investor’s standing to act. At the merits stage, it is an element which establishes the violation of the applicable primary rules. Furthermore, the harm is, more classically, the measure of the reparation. Lastly, it reflects the purpose of arbitration. The investor requires compensation for losses which are causally linked to the breach. However, the presentation usually made of this dispute resolution mechanism almost systematically excludes it, except for issues concerning reparation. The reasons for this rejection can easily be understood if the harm is only analysed in the light of the International Law Commission’s position, which only considers the question from the perspective of its relation with State responsibility. But this rejection is no longer justified if the harm is replaced within the particular context in which it operates. Thus, this study will examine the role conferred to the harm in investment arbitration, characterise and explain its specificity compared with that it occupies in public international law and in inter-States disputes, and determine how and to what extent this specific role may affect State responsibility
Kalaoui, Ghassan. "Les banques sans intérêt : "les banques islamiques"." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10016.
Full textJudde, de Larivière Claire. "Entre bien public et intérêts privés : les pratiques économiques des patriciens vénitiens à la fin du Moyen-Âge." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20050.
Full textFrom the end of the 15th century, commercial shipping, one of the key activities of the Venatian patricians during the Middle Ages, experienced major changes. The merchant galleys system, rooted in a close collaboration between the State and the patriciate, was abandoned in favour of private vessels. This work attempts to explain the origins and the mechanisms of this development, paying special attention to the economic agents of the patriciate and their activities. It studies their economic practises in the fields of commercial shipping, banking, industry and landed investments, and seeks to establish an understanding of the patricians' role in the complex economic evolutions of the Late Middle Ages. The latter, which were also intimately connected with contemporary social and political transformations, expose the profound changes which affected the State, the patriciate and their various interrelationships
Ferraton, Cyrille. "L'idée d'association, 1830-1928." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/ferraton_c.
Full textClamour, Guylain. "Intérêt général et concurrence : essai sur la pérennité du droit public en économie de marché." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10029.
Full textNgyukulu, Kalunga Malu-Fwa. "Elements chimiques rares à intérêt économique dans les pegmatites d'Afrique centrale:Méthodologie d'études et possibilités de valorisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213038.
Full textLe, Portz Thérèse. "Les interêts bancaires." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA131019.
Full textFirst part of this thesis gives a precise definition of what money interest is by analysing such notions as commissions, penalty clauses, and indemnity in case of termination. For a long period, the borrowing with interest was prohibited but nowdays it is recognized that it is possible to claim interest if this has been expressly provided for except for current account a recent evolution contends what was long considered as use (chapter i ). Chapter ii explains more particularely how banking interest are computed and how they are paid
Yon, Guillaume. "Théorie économique, réalité industrielle et intérêt général. La recherche de l’optimum à Électricité de France (1946-1965)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM052/document.
Full textThe Act of 8 April 1946 nationalized electricity in France and created a new public monopoly, Électricité de France. A small group of people, mainly from the corps des Ponts-et-Chaussées, was assembled to provide the public utility with a pricing policy. Marcel Boiteux, Gabriel Dessus et Pierre Massé, to mention only a few names, thought they would apply to the power sector the best economic theory of their time, Maurice Allais’ théorie du rendement social. The theory claimed that marginal cost pricing would bring the power sector to a state of maximum efficiency, that it would help governing the sector according to the public interest, and solve rationally the issue of nationalization and its aims. But the story turned out to be quite different. Pricing electricity did not mean applying to the sector the laws of efficiency through transfers of necessities. Rather, in a tentative, partial, progressive, often contradictory manner, the work allowed to describe and thus discuss possible exploitation projects. I propose to term this process the formulation of the optimum. Identifying such a process, I suggest, might contribute to the debate on the status of economics, the kind of truth it produces, and what we can expect from it, especially when it is closely associated with political decision making
Adjerad, Daniel. "Le concept d'économie chez Pierre Bourdieu." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H216.
Full textThis dissertation aims at demonstrating that the concept of the general economy of practices that Pierre Bourdieu uses without a proper definition can be understood philosophically. The goal lies in explaining how Bourdieu can criticize the mobilization of economic notions in other fields of knowledge whereas he crafts a sociology with these notions at its core. The first step of our work is to define the notion of the general economy of practices and to differentiate its largest acceptation from its specific understandings. The genealogy of the notion offers a broader perspective on its previous apparitions (domestic economy, divine economy, rhetorical economy, animal economy and political economy). Then, we suggest a hypothesis to define the notion of social value in its generic sense. We rely on this first notion to derive the understanding of Bourdieu's economic categories (symbolic goods, symbolic market, interest, investment, capital, etc.). We indicate that this broadened meaning of economic notions can be extended to other concepts. We notably define the notion of symbolic credit in relation to Bourdieu's general economy of practices. Finally, we show that this economic perspective can shed light on other areas of his work such as the classical analyses of habitus, field and symbolic violence
Benalcázar, Isabelle de. "La protection des intérêts économiques du consommateur dans le secteur des produits : étude comparée, droit anglais, français et communautaire." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010286.
Full textBanga, Georges. "La CIJ et la protection des droits et des intérêts économiques des personnes privées : l'affaire de la Barcelona Traction." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D009.
Full textThe notion of rights and economic interests protectable relocated internationally has clear links with international capital movements. And one cannot speak of these movements without mentioning the legal dispute which concerns internationally.Because these movements fall transfers of private capital and are subject to measures stress in the host country. But our subject is addressed in the context of proceedings brought before the ICJ that made this two important cases, namely the Barcelona traction judgment in 1970 and ElettronicaSicula judgment in 1989, which may be added a recent judgment long-awaited but disappointing, the Diallo judgment in 24 th May, 2007.The general aims of this study is to contribute to the reflection on the theme that fits in the context of international economic disputes of private origin and interested individuals who relocated their international activities. These shareholders persons or entities that issue long-term investments abroad. These are referred to as direct investment consisting in the provision of capital from one company to another, though the establishment of a foreign subsidiary, or increasing the capital thereof, the redemption a foreign company, the equity investment, the establishment of a foreign company with majority foreign shareholders company. Indeed, for the host countries, these investments are a factor of development. Because they are a method of transfer line technology. Foreign investors bring whith them innovative production techniques. Efficient organization methods and know – how which gradually spread to the entire country and will boost productivity. Consequently, these countries have imported technical progress without having to pay for it. Under these conditions the shareholders, which are other than direct investors are waiting for their insured internationally, security and freedom of economic activities. In addition, in the event of a dispute regarding the processing of their rights and economic interests of States where they are established, these economic actors rely on diplomatic and legal protection that the ICJ may decide against them. Finally, our research should be examined in this study, if the ICJ is a universal jurisdiction is the appropriate legal framework for resolving disputes resulting from international economic realities. Because we show that the concern for foreign investors’ concerns, first, the identification of protectable rights and economic interest in the jurisprudence of the ICJ on the hand, and the determination of the quality of state to the Court on the other
Bourdeau-Guilbert, Marie. "L'objectif économique du contrat : contribution à l'étude de l'intérêt commun." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10044.
Full textThe analysis of the case law relating to the flexibility in contract suggests the general theory of the economic goal of the contract. This theory comes from the identification of a first objective: the common exploitation of a clientele. Since the common nature of exploitation conveys the existence of identical objectives for the parties, this economic goal becomes the objective of the contract, legal mean of its fulfillment. This goal can be found in many agreements and is not isolated. The presentation of other types of economic goals built on the same pattern allows a conceptualization of the notion. The existence of the economic goal of the contract suggests its possible receipt by the Law. However its recognition is conditioned both by its transferability and utility. The economic goal must be distinguished from the validity conditions such as consideration and subject matter, although it is not independent from these conditions. This goal is also different from the economy of the convention. Besides these notions, the economic goal offers new perspectives. Profoundly linked to the notion of common economic interest, it appears as its revealing and justifies that each contract should be qualified as a common interest contract. The economic goal is the ground for the opening of the scope of common interest and enables to extend the benefit of a right to a pecuniary relief and to acknowledge the implicit existence of obligations to adapt and renegotiate, apart from the common interest mandate. This notion should thus find its place in positive law
Desmedt, Ludovic. "La relation intérêt-change et la réflexion sur la monnaie : une perspective historique." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE009.
Full textSince the breakdown of the bretton woods system, a close relationship has been established between monetary and exchange markets. However, the rapport between interest and exchange rates is not typical of the present period. Within a long term view, we can see clearly the connection between credit and foreign exchange. By studying a few significant theoretical controversies, I examine this question along with the evolution of monetary and financial techniques. At first, I present the legal and religious doctrines about money and credit, and then analyse the bill of exchange. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, with the slump of english exports, the discussions emphasized the commercial aspect rather than stressing the reflection on the bills. The neglect of the influence of usury in foreign exchange allowed english mercantilism to highlight the balance of trade theory and the concept of excess exportation. After being decried by the doctrine and hidden in exchange transactions, the interest rate became an item of prime concern. During the first part of the nineteenth century, monetary debates indicated such a change. Whereas ricardo's ideas extended by the currency school lead to the bank of england's reform, the views of thornton and the banking school were supported by the facts. Indeed, discount policies which attracted foreign funds secured convertibility. A comparison with the above mentioned doctrines shows that the interest rate is central in the keynesian approach to exchange rates
Piégay, Pierre. "Distinction des sphères monétaire et financière et formation de l'intérêt dans l'analyse keynésienne." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE008.
Full textThe study of Keynes' monetary analysis is traditionally limited to his general theory. As a consequence, the aim of the orthodox developments of the liquidity preference concept is to develop the analysis of the money demand function. However, the essential feature of Keynes' monetary analysis is to seek to explain why there is involuntary unemployment in a monetary production economy. Indeed, the rate of interest, linked to the essential properties of money, fix a limit to the development of the volumes of production and employment. In this theoretical framework, Keynes' analysis of the interest rate is relevant if the rate of interest is a monetary phenomenon. Therefore, Keynes has to establish a rigorous distinction between money and savings. In the general theory, money is distinct from savings because money is considered as the liquidity par excellence. As a consequence, the nature of money can not be distinguish from the nature of savings. The only distinction between money and savings is about their different degree of liquidity. However, if we use the concept of the income circuit, it is possible to distinguish the monetary sphere from the financial sphere rigorously. Following Keynes' insights, money is the parent, not the twin of savings. The monetary flows of payments generate the stocks of financial assets. Insofar as income is instantaneously saved as soon as it is created, the interest rate can not be the price which equilibrate the money market. To explain the determination of the interest rate, it is necessary to develop an analysis of income distribution
Artigas, Alvaro. "Intérêts économiques et institutionnalisation du commerce extérieur : une comparaison Russie Brésil du rôle des groupes d’intérêts industriels sidérurgiques et textiles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0004.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the transformations of public action in terms of foreign trade in two emerging countries, Brazil and Russia, since the beginning of the transition to democracy and market economy in 1990 and until the year 2006. By doing so, the analysis gives a central place in the representation of interests, and changing preferences of industry players during the period. Two fundamental questions guide this research: the evolution of a participating policy reforms promoted by free-market regulation of world trade, the genesis and development of foreign trade policies during the period, to explain the effects related to the introduction and institutionalization of a series of new policy instruments within the scope of this policy. This dissertation presents three results: from an analytical perspective the necessity to combine an analysis determined the change (continuity vs. Break), with an analysis that allows to account for basic nuances and complexity of the reconstruction process at work; from an empirical perspective, the dissertation shows the emergence and consolidation of an autonomous public sector in action in each of these states. Finally, this dissertation stresses the importance for emerging countries of new forms of public action that reflect local rules of world trade. These transformations are characterized by a gradual de-politicization of decision-making as much as by a changing role of institutions in charge of trade policy, where the ability to steer social interaction takes precedence over other modes of regulation
Guichard, Pamela. "Arbitrage commercial international et intérêts étatiques. Avantages de la convention d'arbitrage internationale mixte." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3001.
Full textThe international commercial arbitration in which one party is a State party is as current as criticized. The State courts may have to give up exercising their discretion of the legal validity and the efficacy of the international commercial arbitration agreement, even if the latter does not conform to their national law. It is easy to understand the problem of legitimacy posed by this agreement opposite to the State party. The question of State interest in international commercial arbitration represents not only important legal issues but also economic issues for the State. The first part is dedicated to the study of the legal instruments favoring, in the interest of the State, the extension of the validity of the arbitration agreement towards the State; whereas the second part deals with the delicate questions raised during disputes which call into question the validity or the efficacy of the arbitration agreement, due to the allegations made by the public entity based on violations of certain national legal provisions or changes in economic or political circumstances. For a few decades, the jurisprudence and the French doctrine advocate that the arbitration agreement in an international contract has its own efficacy and validity. Our legal research has revealed the body of rules and principles basing the legal framework of the arbitration agreement detached of some link with authorities and with the national law. At the same time, we demonstrate the repeating ineffectiveness of the remedies sought on the ground of the conflicts of procedural legislations or by recourse to State court. This theory is particularly underlined when a public entity is a party to an international commercial arbitration. We critically analyze for the State interest, the exercise of diplomatic protection as a substitute remedy against the inefficiency or invalidity of the arbitration agreement. The exercise of diplomatic protection is highly subjective, because it depends simultaneously on the arbitrary judgment of the protective State with respect to its national and to the power of this State on the international scene. The economic operators are not on an equal footing while it is a question to rule the proper or improper performance of contractual obligations based on an international contract, because it is no longer a matter of an objective remedy through the right, but a matter of power between the States. This is all the more the case as the exercise of diplomatic protection has often leaded to inter-state conflicts. Our thesis defends the legitimacy, pertinence and advantages of the arbitration agreement through the kaleidoscope of many international legal sources and with regard to the prevalence of State interest. However paradoxical that might seem a priori, there is no paradox for the State to engage itself in a conventional manner to waive its discretionary power of domestic jurisdiction. On the contrary, the international economic relations are based on trust, morality and loyalty, and international commercial arbitration achieved that goal by providing an effective international judicial remedy for both parties
Camara, Alpha Oumar. "La protection des intérêts financiers des organisations internationales." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0004/document.
Full textFinancial losses caused by lack of appropriate means of control has led international organizations to implement some mechanism that help them to protect their financial resources from diversion. Indeed, in order to reach their goals, international organizations need a good financial management. Legal mechanisms put in place to protect financial assets of international organizations allow them to oversee their financial management and help them prosecute those who commit financial crimes against international organizations. In doing so, international organization need cooperation from Member States. But this cooperation depends on each international organizations. This dissertation aims to show how, within the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), what are the legal mechanisms that enable international organizations to prevent and to prosecute those who commit financial crimes against them