Dissertations / Theses: 'Interest and usury Australia'

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Davidson, Corinne. "Prohibitions against loans at interest : a pentateuchal problem." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63963.

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Canado, Vítor Hugo Ferreira da Cruz. "Evolution of religious restrictions against interest." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14694.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este trabalho propõe a comparação entre as restrições religiosas sobre usura nas religiões do Livro e também a análise das origens, manutenção e desaparecimento das proibições. Foi possível concluir que houve uma diluição do conceito de usura e que as restrições tiveram impacto nas actividades bancárias. Além disso, para contornar as proibições, a usura foi escondida em contractos complexos. Como o Islão é actualmente a religião com a maior taxa de crescimento da sua população também foi possível prever possíveis desenvolvimentos futuros da proibição islâmica da usura.
This work proposes a comparison of the religious restrictions on usury in the religions of the book and also the analysis of the origins, the maintenance and the disappearing of the prohibitions. I was able to conclude that there was a dilution in the concept of usury and that these restrictions had an impact in banking activities. Furthermore in order to circumvent the prohibition usury was concealed in complex contracts. As Islam is currently the religious group with the highest population growth I was also able to predict the possible future developments of the Islamic prohibition of usury.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Filho, Francisco Tavares de Miranda. "OperaÃÃes de crÃdito: um estudo de caso sobre financiamentos para os setores rural, comercial e industrial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2359.

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nÃo hÃ
Este trabalho trata de um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da usura e do anatocismo no processo de endividamento bancÃrio em uma amostra de 60 operaÃÃes de crÃdito. Todas as observaÃÃes sÃo devedores inadimplentes e aguardando decisÃo judicial pertinentes Ã comarca de ParnaÃba, norte do estado do PiauÃ, tendo operaÃÃes contratadas no perÃodo de 1994 a 2003. Foi feita uma breve anÃlise dos aspectos histÃricos, jurÃdicos e econÃmicos da polÃtica de crÃdito no Brasil envolvendo os setores rural, comercial e industrial, declinando sobre os aspectos legais da cobranÃa bancÃria ante a conjuntura econÃmica. Como metodologia, utilizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, realizada com os 60 mutuÃrios quando do ajuizamento das operaÃÃes para auxiliar na avaliaÃÃo dos efeitos da usura e do anatocismo quanto Ã evoluÃÃo das dÃvidas. A conclusÃo a que se chegou Ã que a usura e o anatocismo foram fatores que contribuÃram para que tais operaÃÃes chegassem Ã situaÃÃo de inadimplÃncia. Ressalte-se, porÃm, que o poder de generalizar tais resultados Ã limitado, dada a falta de informaÃÃo do efeito da usura e do anatocismo sobre os tomadores adimplentes.
This case study aims to investigate the effects of usury and compound interest in the process of acquiring bank debt. The sample was made up of sixty (60) credit transactions, initiated from 1994-2003, all of which are in default and awaiting judicial rulings in the district court of ParnaÃba. A brief analysis of the historical, judicial and politico-economical aspects of credit in Brazil relating to the rural, commercial and industrial sectors is included with emphasis given to the legal aspects of debt collection and economic status. As methodology, a field study was undertaken, achieved with the sixty (60) borrowers during their judgment in order to assist the evaluation of the effects of usury and compound interest in the evolution of the debts. The conclusion reached is that usury and compound interest application were factors that contributed to the debt arriving at the point of default. It should be emphasized, however, that the power of said result does not extend to any and all type of credit transaction.

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Chen, Li-Kanz. "Cost of Issuing Debt: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Net Interest Cost of State Bonds." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278599/.

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The major purpose of this dissertation is to explore the determinants of interest cost for state bonds. Various kinds of variables pertaining to issue characteristics, market characteristics, economic conditions, and political variables were statistically tested to assess their impact on the interest cost of state bonds. This research examines the variables found to be significant for local bonds, as well as some factors unique to state bonds, e.g., the types state agencies issuing debt and the effect of different state income tax policies.

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Hoyle, Maxwell Bruce, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Australia and East Timor: elitism, pragmatism and the national interest." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.110809.

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For over two decades the issue of East Timor's right to self-determination has been a prickly issue in Australian foreign policy. The invasion by Indonesian forces in 1975 was expected, as Australian policy-makers had been well informed of the events leading up to the punitive action being taken. Indeed, prior discussions involving the future of the territory were held between the Australian Prime Minister and the Indonesian President in 1974. In response to the events unfolding in the territory the Australian Labor Government at the time was presented with two policy options for dealing with the issue. The Department of Defence recommended the recognition of an independent East Timor; whereas the Department of Foreign Affairs proposed that Australia disengage itself as far as possible from the issue. The decision had ramifications for future policy considerations especially with changes in government. With the Department of Foreign Affairs option being the prevailing policy what were the essential ingredients that give explanation for the government's choice? It is important to note the existence of the continuity and cyclical nature of attitudes by Labor governments toward Indonesia before and after the invasion. To do so requires an analysis of the influence Doc Evatt had in shaping any possible Labor tradition in foreign policy articulation. The support given by Evatt for the decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) gave rise to the development of a special relationship-so defined. Evidence of the effect Evatt had on future Labor governments may be found in the opinions of Gough Whitlam. In 1975 when he was Prime Minister, Whitlam felt the East Timor issue was merely the finalisation of Indonesia's decolonisation honouring Evatt's long held anti-colonialist tradition existing in the Australian Labor Party. The early predisposition toward Indonesia's cohesiveness surfaced again in the Hawke and Keating Labor governments of later years. It did not vary a great deal with changes in government The on-going commitment to preserving and strengthening the bilateral relationship meant Indonesia's territorial integrity became the focus of the Australian political elites regional foreign policy determinations. The actions taken by policy-makers served to promote the desire for a stable region ahead of independence claims of the East Timorese. From a realist perspective, the security dilemma for Australian policy-makers was how to best promote regional order and stability in the South East Asian region. The desire for regional cohesiveness and stability continues to drive Australian political elites to promote policies that gives a priority to the territorial integrity of regional states. Indonesia, in spite of its diversity, was only ever thought of as a cohesive unitary state and changes to its construct have rarely been countenanced. Australia's political elite justifications for this stance vacillate between strategic and economic considerations, ideological (anti-colonialism) to one of being a pragmatic response to international politics. The political elite argues the projection of power into the region is in Australias national interest. The policies from one government to the next necessarily see the national interest as being an apparent fixed feature of foreign policy. The persistent fear of invasion from the north traditionally motivated Australia's political elite to adopt a strategic realist policy that sought to shore up the stability, strength and unity of Indonesia. The national interest was deemed to be at risk if support for East Timorese independence was given. The national interest though can involve more than just the security issue, and the political elite when dealing with East Timor assumed that they were acting in the common good. Questions that need to be addressed include determining what is the national interest in this context? What is the effect of a government invoking the national interest in debates over issues in foreign policy? And, who should participate in the debate? In an effort to answer these questions an analysis of how the ex-foreign affairs mandarin Richard Woolcott defines the national interest becomes crucial. Clearly, conflict in East Timor did have implications for the national interest. The invasion of East Timor by Indonesia had the potential to damage the relationship, but equally communist successes in 1975 in Indo-China raised Australia's regional security concerns. During the Cold War, the linking of communism to nationalism was driving the decision-making processes of the Australian policy-makers striving to come to grips with the strategic realities of a changing region. Because of this, did the constraints of world politics dominated by Cold War realities combined with domestic political disruption have anything to do with Australia's response? Certainly, Australia itself was experiencing a constitutional crisis in late 1975. The Senate had blocked supply and the Labor Government did not have the funds to govern. The Governor-General by dismissing the Labor Government finally resolved the impasse. What were the reactions of the two men charged with the responsibility of forming the caretaker government toward Indonesia's military action? And, could the crisis have prevented the Australian government from making a different response to the invasion? Importantly, and in terms of economic security, did the knowledge of oil and gas deposits thought to exist in the Timor Sea influence Australia's foreign policy? The search for oil and gas requires a stable political environment in which to operate. Therefore for exploration to continue in the Timor Sea Australia must have had a preferred political option and thoughts of with whom they preferred to negotiate. What was the extent of each government's cooperation and intervention in the oil and gas industry and could any involvement have influenced the Australian political elites attitude toward the prospect of an independent East Timor? Australia's subsequent de jure recognition that East Timor was part of Indonesia paved the way for the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) Treaty signing in 1989. The signing underpinned Australia's acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor. The outcome of the analysis of the issues that shaped Australia's foreign policy toward East Timor showed that the political elite became locked into an integration model, which was defended by successive governments. Moreover, they formed an almost reflexive defence of Indonesia both at the domestic and international level.

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O???Brien, Peter Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Term structure modelling and the dynamics of Australian interest rates." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Banking and Finance, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28283.

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This thesis consists of two related parts. In the first part we conduct an empirical examination of the dynamics of Australian interest rates of six different maturities, covering the whole yield curve. This direct study of the long rates is quite novel. We use maximum likelihood estimation on a variety of models and find some results that are in stark contrast to previous studies. We estimate Poisson-jump diffusion (PJD) models and find very strong evidence for the existence of jumps in all daily interest rate series. We find that the PJD model fits short-rate data significantly better than a Bernoulli-jump diffusion model. We also estimate the CKLS model for our data and find that the only model not rejected for all six maturities is the CEV model in stark contrast to previous findings. Also, we find that the elasticity of variance estimate in the CKLS model is much higher for the short-rates than for the longer rates where the estimate is only about 0.25, indicating that different dynamics seem to be at work for different maturities. We also found that adding jumps to the simple diffusion model gives a larger improvement than comes from going from the simple diffusion to the CKLS model. In the second part of the thesis we examine the Flesaker and Hughston (FH) term structure model. We derive the dynamics of the short rate under both the original measure and the risk-neutral measure, and show that some criticisms of the bounds for the short rate may not be significant in actual applications. We also derive the dynamics of bond prices in the FH model and compare them to the HJM model. We also extend the FH model by allowing the martingale to follow a jump-diffusion process, rather than just a diffusion process. We derive the unique change of measure that guarantees the family of bond prices is arbitrage-free. We derive prices for caps and swaptions, and extend the results to include Bermudan swaptions and show how to price options with the jump-diffusion version of the FH model.

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Pinheiro, Ivan Nogueira. "Juros e usura no direito brasileiro: uma reflexão sob a perspectiva Tomista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-29102012-155620/.

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O presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre o tema da usura no pensamento de São Tomás de Aquino de forma a determinar sua aplicabilidade à questão dos juros remuneratórios tal qual se apresenta hodiernamente no Direito Brasileiro. Inicialmente a concepção de Aquino é avaliada à luz da tríplice base que a compõe: a Lei Natural, segundo a qual se considera a esterilidade do dinheiro e a justiça natural; a Lei Humana, tida aqui como o Direito Romano, do qual se absorve a noção de fungibilidade do dinheiro e a conceituação dos contratos de mútuo; e a Lei Divina, tomada por São Tomás de forma a corroborar aquilo que se depreende das demais leis. Na sequencia, a problemática dos juros e da sua extrapolação usurária é avaliada no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico pátrio, tanto sob o prisma de sua evolução histórica quanto das discussões que envolvem a matéria em nossos dias. Finalmente, partindo de uma conceituação de juros e usura compatível com o pensamento do Doutor Angélico, avaliaremos o que viria a determinar o preço justo nos contratos de mútuo financeiro com vistas a estabelecer parâmetros indicativos para a limitação das taxas de juros no Direito Brasileiro, tanto nas operações praticadas no âmbito civil quanto naquelas contratadas junto ao Sistema Financeiro Nacional
This study proposes an analysis of the theme of usury in the thinking of St. Thomas Aquinas to determine its applicability to the question of compensatory interest as it is now understood under Brazilian Law. Initially Aquinass concept is evaluated in the light of its triple base: Natural Law, which considers the sterility ofmoney and natural justice; Human Law, seen here as Roman Law, from which the notion offungibility of money and the conceptualization of mutuum agreements are derived; and Divine Law, taken by St. Thomas as a means of corroborating what is deduced from the other laws.Next, the critical issues involving interest and their usurious extrapolation are evaluated in the sphere of our national legal system, from both the perspectives of its historical evolution and of the discussions that involve the subject today. And finally, beginning with an appraisal of interest and usury compatible with the thinking of the Angelic Doctor, we will evaluate what woulddetermine the just price in mutuum contracts,seeking to establish parameters for an eventual limitation ofinterest rates in Brazilian Law, both in transactions involving non-banking entities and in those contracted within the National Financial System.

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Legnani, Nicole Delia. "Love Interest: Figures and Fictions of Venture Capital and the Law in Conquista." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11471.

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Inspired by the visual allegory ("Conquista, embarcáronse a las Indias" fol. 73 of the Nueva corónica), Legnani contends that the development of the laws of peoples (jus gentium) by 16th century Spanish jurists should be analyzed within the corpus of commercial law (lex mercatoria) employed by sea merchants, bankers and mercenaries throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. This dissertation explores the movement from figure to fiction in discourses of capital and violence.
Romance Languages and Literatures

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Hotham, John Patrick Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Management of interest rate risk in the banking book of Australian credit unions and building societies." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40810.

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The Basel Committee has released a consultative document (Basel (2003)) on the management and supervision of interest rate risk (IRR). This document outlines a standardised model to calculate a duration-based proxy for IRR in depository institution balance sheets. We utilise this methodology to define an IRR measure which we denote BIRRM (Basel Interest Rate Risk Measure). It is the change in the value of a financial institution produced by a 200 basis-point increase in interest rates at all maturities, relative to Tier I and Tier II capital. This study has three primary objectives. Firstly, we utilise BIRRM to provide an overview of IRR exposure of Australian Credit Unions and Building Societies (CUBS) over the period September 1997 to September 2007. Secondly, we seek an understanding of the relationship between BIRRM and measures of CUBS' interest rate sensitivity over a period of rising interest rates (December 1998 to September 2000) and another period of falling rates (September 2000 to December 2001). Finally, we seek an understanding of the economic factors that influence IRR exposure decisions of CUBS by modelling the determinants of CUBS' IRR exposure. We find that IRR exposure of CUBS is relatively low and, on average, CUBS are exposed to falling interest rates. We also find significant relationships between BIRRM and measures of CUBS' interest rates sensitivity consistent with a priori expectations, supporting the use of the Basel Committee's measure of IRR in identifying CUBS with large IRR exposures. The models examining the determinants of CUBS' IRR have relatively low explanatory power. There are however significant relationships between a number of factors and CUBS' exposure to changing rates.

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Althabity, Mohammad M. "Enforceability of arbitral awards containing interest : a comparative study between Sharia law and positive laws." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23090.

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The dynamics of our globalised world open the way for international trade and transactions between different countries; this may lead to conflicts in laws where transactions and trade may be subject to different legal systems. One of the biggest issues in international commercial law is disputes over the charging of interest, for example with regard to late payment, interest-based loans, or compensation for damages. Interest disputes are considered to be a complex area of law and even more complex in the international field. At the international level, interest claims may be connected to many areas of commerce and thus governed by various laws, which are different from one country to another; moreover, each country has its own interest rate and such rates are changeable according to the nature of law and economics under some jurisdictions. Furthermore, the concept of interest itself is affected by influences such as religious beliefs and economic, political and cultural trends. Interest can be treated as a substantive or a procedural matter. The settlement of these disputes therefore faces difficulties. Arbitration, as a method for settlement of disputes, is characterised by special features that assist in resolving these issues; but it faces some obstructions, especially in international commercial arbitration. The practices of arbitral tribunals and national courts in this regard are different. The results of different interpretations, approaches, and theories with regard to arbitration, at the pre-arbitration, during arbitration and post-arbitration stages, may also differ widely due to the diversity of financial and legal systems such as Common Law, Civil Law and the Islamic legal system – Sharia Law – across different countries. Each legal system has a different methodology and theories, even within an individual country under one legal system, and a state within a federal system has its own laws, which may have different interpretations in this respect. The New York Convention of 1958 on enforcing foreign arbitral awards was established in favour of arbitral awards and for the purpose of unifying international rules of arbitration. This Convention provides some procedural and substantive rules for the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, but also provides some grounds for refusal. These rules have been affected by different interpretations under different jurisdictions and legal systems, which lead to different perspectives on the matter of charging interest and settlement by arbitration. The outcome of applying the NYC under these interpretations often has the opposite of its intended effect: the rejection of foreign arbitral awards. Due to such ambiguities, courts occasionally intervene in arbitration in all its stages. The interventions of national courts occur in three stages: enforcement of the arbitration agreement, enforcement of the contract under the applicable law to the agreement, and enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. The confusion between substantive and procedural laws also creates confusion with respect to public policy, non-arbitrability and enforceability. In addition, there may be a lack of clarity on the scope of arbitration with respect to the parties’ agreement, whether or not the parties have agreed to the interest rates and periods and whether or not they have agreed to the authority of the arbitrator. These issues affect the enforceability of an arbitration agreement, the law applicable to the disputed contract, the freedom of parties, the authority of the arbitrators and the enforceability of the awarded interest. The thesis studies how arbitral awards containing interest have been interpreted across the three aforementioned legal systems under the NYC 1958 in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE, England, France, and the US and the enforceability of such awards.

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Cullerton, Katherine B. "An exploration of the factors influencing public health nutrition policymaking in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/109095/1/Katherine_Cullerton_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis was an exploration of the factors that influence nutrition policymaking in Australia which resulted in strategies that could be used by poorly-resourced health organisations to gain traction in public health nutrition policymaking. Insight into these strategies was gained through a social network analysis exploring the power of interest groups and their influence on nutrition policy in Australia and in-depth interviews with these key influencers.

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Souza, Mauricio de Castro e. "O empréstimo a juros em João Calvino." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2510.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio de Castro e Souza.pdf: 867012 bytes, checksum: ad34ac90702a719d6b776a15b9d8efd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-05
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The practice on interest on lent is present in everyday life. The Bible dealt with this issue, and the matter was a subject treated in the Code of Hammurabi and in the Roman Law. The loan interest, in the Middle Ages, was important to promote development, trade, marine exploration trips, and even in the Crusades. The Christian Church simultaneously condemned the practice of usury, that is, the lent on interest. But sometimes it not only authorized the practice, the Church did also benefit from it. Calvin, although personally contrary to the practice of lent on interest, realized the impossibility of its abolition and showed himself in favor of the lent on interest. Nonetheless, he separated between the loan for consumption and the loan for production, to be used to promote development. In his understanding, the loan for production was fair because the borrower, working out the money, intends to obtain a superior amount than the money taken. However, conscious that the interest affects directly the cost of living, resulting negatively to the poor, Calvin restricts and systematizes the loan on interest to aim two targets: 1) Our actions must glorify God; 2) Our benefits must affect positively the surrounding community.
A prática do empréstimo a juros sempre esteve presente na vida das pessoas, visto que a Bíblia, o Código de Hamurabi e o Direito Romano já tratavam do assunto. O empréstimo a juros na Idade Média foi importante para promover o desenvolvimento, sendo utilizado no comércio, nas viagens marítimas, e até mesmo nas épocas das Cruzadas. A Igreja Cristã, ao mesmo tempo em que condenava a prática da usura, isto é, empréstimo a juros, por muitas vezes não só autorizou mas, também, usufruiu de ganhos adquiridos com juros. Calvino, apesar de contrário à prática do empréstimo a juros, mas por perceber que seria impossível aboli-lo, manifestou-se de certa forma favorável à temática em questão. Todavia, separou o empréstimo de consumo, do empréstimo de produção, o qual foi utilizado para promover o desenvolvimento. No entender de Calvino, o empréstimo de produção era justo, pois, o que empresta nesta linha de ganho, pretende ganhar outro tanto superior o valor emprestado. Mas, consciente que os juros afetam diretamente o custo de vida, e os menos favorecidos financeiramente serão os mais afligidos, restringe e sistematiza o empréstimo a juros, com a dupla finalidade: 1) que as nossas atitudes glorifiquem a Deus; 2) que devem beneficiar a comunidade em que vivemos.

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Kremmer, Michael Leslie, and n/a. "An Empirical Study of the Dynamics of Nominal Interest Rates: Australian and Global Perspectives." Griffith University. School of Economics, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051102.151052.

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This study explores the inter relationships between the nominal interest rates of Australia and its principal trading partners. The analysis focus on the short end of the yield curve --specifically, rates of up to one year to maturity. In essence, the study comprises a suite of essays, which together provide an overall understanding of the relevant relationship that is, in both depth and scope, greater than the sum of the individual essays. The inquiry begins with an investigation of the impact of the overnight information content of international interest rates upon the Australian domestic money market. The results indicate that the strongest information impact on Australian interest rates is from the overnight interest and exchange rates of the United States. This is followed, in the second essay, by an investigation of the relationship between domestically and internationally traded Australian dollar denominated, financial assets. The results indicate that a Euro-Australian dollar inter-bank deposit and Australian bank accepted bills are effectively the same assets. Based on this result the third essay investigates the extent to which the short-term nominal interest rates of Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan are consistent with the expectations theory of the interest rate term structure. The results indicate that nominal inter-bank deposit rates in all four currencies are broadly consistent with the expectations theory. In addition, two common stochastic trends are identified, which can be associated with the markets of the United States and Japan. The forth essay focuses on the bilateral relationships between the nominal interest rates of Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan, and aims at establishing the extent to which the observed data is consistent with interest rate parity conditions. It was found that, in the long run, and with some exceptions, there is strong support for all three of the usual parity conditions. These relationships are interpreted as a measure of the efficiency with which the interest rates are simultaneously determined across the four markets. The final essay brings together insights gained in the preceeding essays to help analysis the interactions between each of the four markets at each of the four maturities selected within the consistent framework of a single model. The results indicate that the system can be usefully conceptualised as interactions between two sub-systems. The first sub-system models the nexus between Australia and the United States, and the second sub-system, that between the United Kingdom and Japan. The interactions within and between these two sub-systems are found to change as the maturity increases. At the shortest maturity, Australian interest rates are directly affected by both sub-systems. In contrast, at the longest maturity, Australian interest rates anticipate those of the United States and are not directly affected by the second sub-system.

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Ji, Inyeob Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Essays on testing some predictions of RBC models and the stationarity of real interest rates." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41441.

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This dissertation contains a series of essays that provide empirical evidence for Australia on some fundamental predictions of real business cycle models and on the convergence and persistence of real interest rates. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the issues examined in each chapter and provides an overview of the methodologies that are used. Tests of various basic predictions of standard real business cycle models for Australia are presented in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 considers the question of great ratios for Australia. These are ratios of macroeconomic variables that are predicted by standard models to be stationary in the steady state. Using time series econometric techniques (unit root tests and cointegration tests) Australia great ratios are examined. In Chapter 3 a more restrictive implication of real business cycle models than the existence of great ratios is considered. Following the methodology proposed by Canova, Finn and Pagan (1994) the equilibrium decision rules for some standard real business cycle are tested on Australian data. The final essay on this topic is presented in Chapter 4. In this chapter a large-country, small-country is used to try and understand the reason for the sharp rise in Australia??s share of world output that began around 1990. Chapter 5 discusses real interest rate linkages in the Pacific Basin region. Vector autoregressive models and bootstrap methods are adopted to study financial linkages between East Asian markets, Japan and US. Given the apparent non-stationarity of real interest rates a related issue is examined in Chapter 6, viz. the persistence of international real interest rates and estimation of their half-life. Half-life is selected as a means of measuring persistence of real rates. Bootstrap methods are employed to overcome small sample issues in the estimation and a non-standard statistical inference methodology (Highest Density Regions) is adopted. Chapter 7 reapplies the High Density Regions methodology and bootstrap half-life estimation to the data used in Chapters 2 and 5. This provides a robustness check on the results of standard unit root tests that were applied to the data in those chapters. Main findings of the thesis are as follows. The long run implications of real business cycle models are largely rejected by the Australia data. This finding holds for both the existence of great ratios and when the explicit decision rules are employed. When the small open economy features of the Australian economy are incorporated in a two country RBC model, a country-specific productivity boom seems to provide a possible explanation for the rise in Australia??s share of world output. The essays that examine real interest rates suggest the following results. Following the East Asian financial crisis in 1997-98 there appears to have been a decline in the importance of Japan in influencing developments in the Pacific Basin region. In addition there is evidence that following the crisis Korea??s financial market became less insular and more integrated with the US. Finally results obtained from the half-life estimators suggest that despite the usual findings from unit root tests, real interest rates may in fact exhibit mean-reversion.

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Halpin, Darren Richard. "Authenticity and the representative paradox : the political representation of Australian farmers through the NFF family of interest groups /." View thesis View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030527.163228/index.html.

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Sumanadasa, Darshana. "The impact of trade secrets law on employees and society: In search of a balanced theoretical and legal approach with special reference to Australia and Sri Lanka." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/128074/3/Darshana%20Sumanadasa%20Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis analyses Australian and Sri Lankan trade secrets laws in light of human rights theory so as to see how legal mechanisms impact on rights of employees and society. Based on a critical analysis of trade secrets of laws of Australia and Sri Lanka, it proposes a legislative framework as a promising way of establishing a balanced law which is equally concerned with the rights of employers, employees and society.

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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree, and C. M. Hendriks@uva nl. "Public Deliberation and Interest Organisations: a Study of Responses to Lay Citizen Engagement in Public Policy." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050921.103047.

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This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind of deliberative governance including citizens’ juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to different kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as ‘interest organisations’ because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the state – even government-based groups.¶ The empirical research in this thesis is based on comparative case studies of four deliberative design projects in Australia and Germany. The Australian cases include a citizens’ jury on waste management legislation and a consensus conference on gene technology in the food chain. The German case studies include a planning cells project on consumer protection in Bavaria, and a national consensus conference on genetic diagnostics. Together the cases capture a diversity of complex and contested policy issues facing post-industrialised societies. In each case study, I examine how relevant interest organisations responded to the deliberative forum, and then interpret these responses in view of the context and features of the case.¶ The picture emerging from the in-depth case studies is that interest organisations respond to deliberative designs in a variety of ways. Some choose to participate actively, others passively decline, and a few resort to strategic tactics to undermine citizens’ deliberations. The empirical research reveals that though responses are variable, most interest organisations are challenged by several features of the deliberative design model including: 1) that deliberators are citizens with no knowledge or association with the issue; 2) that experts and interest representatives are required to present their arguments before a citizens’ panel; and 3) that policy discussions occur under deliberative conditions which can expose the illegitimate use of power.¶ Despite these challenges, the paradox is that many interest organisations do decide to engage in lay citizen deliberations. The empirical research indicates that groups and experts value deliberative designs if they present an opportunity for public relations, customer feedback, or advocacy. Moreover, the research finds that when policy actors intensively engage with ‘ordinary’ citizens, their technocratic and elite ideas about public participation can shift in a more inclusive and deliberative direction.¶ The thesis finds that, on the whole, weaker interest organisations are more willing to engage with lay citizens than stronger organisations because they welcome the chance to influence public debate and decision makers. It appears that powerful groups will only engage in a deliberative forum under certain policy conditions, for example, when the dominant policy paradigm is unstable and contested, when public discussion on the issue is emerging, when policy networks are interdependent and heterogeneous, and when the broader social and political system supports public accountability, consensus and deliberation. Given that these kinds of policy conditions do not always exist, I conclude that tensions between interest organisations and deliberative governance will be common. In order to create more cooperative and productive interfaces, I recommend that interest organisations be better supported and integrated into citizens’ deliberations, and that steps be taken to safeguard forums from strategic attempts to undermine their legitimacy.¶ The thesis also sends out three key messages to democratic theorists. First, the empirical research shows that different kinds of groups and actors in civil society vary in their willingness and capacity to participate to public deliberation. Second, the deliberative design model demonstrates that partisan actors, such as interest organisations, will engage in public deliberation when they can participate as strategic deliberators. In this role partisans are not expected to relinquish their agendas, but present them as testimonies before a group of deliberators. Third, the empirical research in this thesis should bring home to theorists that deliberative forums are closely linked to the discursive context within which they operate.

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Pryor, Sally, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and of Communication Design and Media School. "Extending integrationist theory through the creation and analysis of a multimedia work of art : postcard from Tunis." THESIS_CAESS_CDM_Pryor_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/746.

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This thesis consists of the production of an inter-active computer-based artwork, an analysis of its research outcomes, and an exploration of the theoretical issues that influenced the artistic practice. The artwork, Postcard from Tunis, is an Integrationist exploration of writing and its transformation at the human-computer interface. It is set in a personal portrait of Tunis, a city with a rich history of writing. The thesis starts with the theory of writing. The conventional view of real writing as representation of speech is shown to have serious limitations.Postcard from Tunis offers users who are not Arabic-literate the perception that there are actually no fixed boundaries between writing and pictures, as both are based on spatial configurations. User interaction with Postcard from Tunis, particularly rollover activity, creates a variety of dynamic signs that cannot be theorised by a bipartate theory of signs and that transcend a distinction between the verbal and the non-verbal altogether. Postcard from Tunis both extends Integrationist theory into writing and human-computer interaction and also uniquely articulates this integration of activities in a way that is impossible with written words on paper. The research asserts the validity of the Integrationist theory of writing, language and human communication and of uncoupling these from spoken words. A framework is outlined for future Integrationist research into icons and human-computer interaction.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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19

Fitzpatrick, Lesley Maria Gerard. "Inventing cultural heroes : a critical exploration of the discursive role of culture, nationalism and hegemony in the Australian rural and remote health sector." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16371/1/Lesley_Fitzpatrick_Thesis.pdf.

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Rural and remote areas of Australia remain the last bastion of health disadvantage in a developed nation with an enviable health score-card. During the last ten years, rural and remote health has emerged as a significant issue in the media and the political arena. This thesis examines print media, policy documents and interviews from selected informants to ascertain how they represent medical practitioners and health services in rural and remote areas of Australia, why they do so, and the consequences of such positions. In many of these representations, rural and remote medical practitioners are aligned with national and cultural mythologies, while health services are characterised as dysfunctional and at crisis point. Ostensibly, the representations and identity formulations are aimed at redressing the health inequities in remote rural and Australia. They define and elaborate debates and contestations about needs and claims and how they should be addressed; a process that is crucial in the development of professional identity and power (Fraser; 1989). The research involves an analysis and critical reading of the entwined discourses of culture, power, and the politics of need. Following Wodak and others (1999), these dynamics are explored by examining documents that are part of the discursive constitution of the field. In particular, the research examines how prevailing cultural concepts are used to configure the Australian rural and remote medical practitioner in ways that reflect and advance socio-cultural hegemony. The conceptual tools used to explore these dynamics are drawn from critical and post-structural theory, and draw upon the work of Nancy Fraser (1989; 1997) and Ruth Wodak (1999). Both theorists developed approaches that enable investigation into the effects of language use in order to understand how the cultural framing of particular work can influence power relations in a professional field. The research follows a cultural studies approach, focussing on texts as objects of research and acknowledging the importance of discourse in the development of cultural meaning (Nightingale, 1993). The methodological approach employs Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the Discourse Historical Method (Wodak, 1999). It is used to explore the linguistic hallmarks of social and cultural processes and structures, and to identify the ways in which political control and dominance are advanced through language-based strategies. An analytical tool developed by Ruth Wodak, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl and Karin Leibhart (1999) was adapted and used to identify nationalistic identity formulations and related linguistic manoeuvres in the texts. The dissertation argues that the textual linguistic manoeuvres and identity formulations produce and privilege a particular identity for rural and remote medical practitioners, and that cultural myth is used to popularise, shore up and advance the goals of rural doctors during a period of crisis and change. Important in this process is the differentiation of rural and remote medicine from other disciplines in order to define and advance its political needs and claims (Fraser, 1989). This activity has unexpected legacies for the rural and remote health sector. In developing a strong identity for rural doctors, discursive rules have been established by the discipline regarding roles, personal and professional characteristics, and practice style; rules which hold confounding factors for the sustainability of remote and rural medical practice and health care generally. These factors include: the professional fragmentation of the discipline of primary medical care into general practice and rural medicine; and identity formulations that do not accommodate an ageing workforce characterised by cultural diversity, decreasing engagement in full time work, and a higher proportion of women participants. Both of these factors have repercussions for the recruitment and retention of rural and remote health professionals and the maintenance of a sustainable health workforce. The dissertation argues that the formulated identities of rural and remote medical practitioners in the texts maintain and reproduce relationships of cultural, political and social power. They have also influenced the ways in which rural and remote health services have been developed and funded. They selectively represent and value particular roles and approaches to health care. In doing so, they misrepresent the breadth and complexities of rural and remote health issues, and reinforce a reputational economy built on differential professional and cultural respect, and political and economic advantage. This disadvantages the community, professions and interest groups of lower value and esteem, and other groups whose voices are often not heard. Thus, regardless of their altruistic motivations, the politics of identity and differentiation employed in the formulated identities in the texts are based on an approach that undermines the redistributive goals of justice and equity (Fraser 1997), and works primarily to develop and advantage the discipline of rural medicine.

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Fitzpatrick, Lesley Maria Gerard. "Inventing cultural heroes : a critical exploration of the discursive role of culture, nationalism and hegemony in the Australian rural and remote health sector." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16371/.

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Rural and remote areas of Australia remain the last bastion of health disadvantage in a developed nation with an enviable health score-card. During the last ten years, rural and remote health has emerged as a significant issue in the media and the political arena. This thesis examines print media, policy documents and interviews from selected informants to ascertain how they represent medical practitioners and health services in rural and remote areas of Australia, why they do so, and the consequences of such positions. In many of these representations, rural and remote medical practitioners are aligned with national and cultural mythologies, while health services are characterised as dysfunctional and at crisis point. Ostensibly, the representations and identity formulations are aimed at redressing the health inequities in remote rural and Australia. They define and elaborate debates and contestations about needs and claims and how they should be addressed; a process that is crucial in the development of professional identity and power (Fraser; 1989). The research involves an analysis and critical reading of the entwined discourses of culture, power, and the politics of need. Following Wodak and others (1999), these dynamics are explored by examining documents that are part of the discursive constitution of the field. In particular, the research examines how prevailing cultural concepts are used to configure the Australian rural and remote medical practitioner in ways that reflect and advance socio-cultural hegemony. The conceptual tools used to explore these dynamics are drawn from critical and post-structural theory, and draw upon the work of Nancy Fraser (1989; 1997) and Ruth Wodak (1999). Both theorists developed approaches that enable investigation into the effects of language use in order to understand how the cultural framing of particular work can influence power relations in a professional field. The research follows a cultural studies approach, focussing on texts as objects of research and acknowledging the importance of discourse in the development of cultural meaning (Nightingale, 1993). The methodological approach employs Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically the Discourse Historical Method (Wodak, 1999). It is used to explore the linguistic hallmarks of social and cultural processes and structures, and to identify the ways in which political control and dominance are advanced through language-based strategies. An analytical tool developed by Ruth Wodak, Rudolf de Cillia, Martin Reisigl and Karin Leibhart (1999) was adapted and used to identify nationalistic identity formulations and related linguistic manoeuvres in the texts. The dissertation argues that the textual linguistic manoeuvres and identity formulations produce and privilege a particular identity for rural and remote medical practitioners, and that cultural myth is used to popularise, shore up and advance the goals of rural doctors during a period of crisis and change. Important in this process is the differentiation of rural and remote medicine from other disciplines in order to define and advance its political needs and claims (Fraser, 1989). This activity has unexpected legacies for the rural and remote health sector. In developing a strong identity for rural doctors, discursive rules have been established by the discipline regarding roles, personal and professional characteristics, and practice style; rules which hold confounding factors for the sustainability of remote and rural medical practice and health care generally. These factors include: the professional fragmentation of the discipline of primary medical care into general practice and rural medicine; and identity formulations that do not accommodate an ageing workforce characterised by cultural diversity, decreasing engagement in full time work, and a higher proportion of women participants. Both of these factors have repercussions for the recruitment and retention of rural and remote health professionals and the maintenance of a sustainable health workforce. The dissertation argues that the formulated identities of rural and remote medical practitioners in the texts maintain and reproduce relationships of cultural, political and social power. They have also influenced the ways in which rural and remote health services have been developed and funded. They selectively represent and value particular roles and approaches to health care. In doing so, they misrepresent the breadth and complexities of rural and remote health issues, and reinforce a reputational economy built on differential professional and cultural respect, and political and economic advantage. This disadvantages the community, professions and interest groups of lower value and esteem, and other groups whose voices are often not heard. Thus, regardless of their altruistic motivations, the politics of identity and differentiation employed in the formulated identities in the texts are based on an approach that undermines the redistributive goals of justice and equity (Fraser 1997), and works primarily to develop and advantage the discipline of rural medicine.

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McDermott, Marie-Louise. "Wet, wild and convivial : past, present and future contributions of Australia’s ocean pools to surf, beach, pool and body cultures and recreational coasts." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/517.

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I investigated the past, present and possible futures of Australia’s ocean pools, over a hundred public seawater pools sited on rocky surfcoasts, so that waves wash over their walls. My interdisciplinary analysis informed by actor-‐network theory explored their contributions to surf, beach, pool and body cultures and recreational coasts. Ocean pools have since the nineteenth century been far more significant in the surf, beach, pool and body cultures of Australia and South Africa, than in those of Britain and the United States. Most of Australia’s ocean pools lie within state of New South Wales, and my work strengthens the case for recognising Australian and NSW ocean pools as having distinct collective identities and affinities with their South African counterparts. Ocean pools are sites of social and environmental learning that challenge efforts to establish human mastery over wild natures and depictions of coastal environments as mere stages for enacting human activities unconstrained by non-‐human nature. They also challenge the notion that people prefer to swim and bathe at patrolled beaches or in private or public pools far less wild than an ocean pool. They are evidence that supervision by suitably trained and equipped lifeguards or lifesavers is not the only or the most satisfactory way to adequately safeguard bathers and swimmers from the dangers of the sea. Australia’s ocean pools demonstrate that regardless of race, class, gender, age or ability, people can and do make themselves at home in pools shared convivially with wild nature and well-‐suited for sustained, unsupervised recreation and sport on rocky surfcoast. Ocean pools serve as places of refuge, therapeutic and restorative environments, adventure playgrounds, convivial public spaces, visually appealing cultural landscapes, brands, icons and symbols. Australia’s ocean pools are unified by their sites, their affordances and core actor-‐ networks linked to their fundamental and enduring identity as ‘wild but safe enough surfside pools’. Rocky shores and coastal waters characterised by surf, sharks and rips are among the most persistent macro-‐actors in these networks that include bathers, swimmers, tourism and transport networks, news media, local councils and progress associations. Australian ocean pools that gained a further identity as ‘public pools for competition and carnivals’ acquired additional actor-‐networks strongly linked since the late nineteenth century to amateur swimming clubs and schools, and since the twentieth century to surf lifesaving clubs and winter swimming clubs. Those ocean pools nevertheless, remained predominately recreational facilities. As other types of public pools became more affordable, Australia’s ocean pools remained popular despite gaining new identities as an ‘unusually hazardous type of public pool’ and ‘a type of facility no longer created’. The growing threats to ocean pools and their actor-‐networks are a further unifying factor. As sport and recreation venues cultivating healthy, convivial relationships with wild nature and possessing unrealised potential as centres for community engagement, learning and research, ocean pools are worth emulating on other rocky shores and in other public places. My work strengthens efforts to sustain and create ocean pools and supports further studies on seawater pools and their actor-‐networks.

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Davies, Llewellyn Willis. "‘LOOK’ AND LOOK BACK: Using an auto/biographical lens to study the Australian documentary film industry, 1970 - 2010." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154339.

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While much has been written on the Australian film and television industry, little has been presented by actual producers, filmmakers and technicians of their time and experiences within that same industry. Similarly, with historical documentaries, it has been academics rather than filmmakers who have led the debate. This thesis addresses this shortcoming and bridges the gap between practitioner experience and intellectual discussion, synthesising the debate and providing an important contribution from a filmmaker-academic, in its own way unique and insightful. The thesis is presented in two voices. First, my voice, the voice of memoir and recollected experience of my screen adventures over 38 years within the Australian industry, mainly producing historical documentaries for the ABC and the SBS. This is represented in italics. The second half and the alternate chapters provide the industry framework in which I worked with particular emphasis on documentaries and how this evolved and developed over a 40-year period, from 1970 to 2010. Within these two voices are three layers against which this history is reviewed and presented. Forming the base of the pyramid is the broad Australian film industry made up of feature films, documentary, television drama, animation and other types and styles of production. Above this is the genre documentary within this broad industry, and making up the small top tip of the pyramid, the sub-genre of historical documentary. These form the vertical structure within which industry issues are discussed. Threading through it are the duel determinants of production: ‘the market’ and ‘funding’. Underpinning the industry is the involvement of government, both state and federal, forming the three dimensional matrix for the thesis. For over 100 years the Australian film industry has depended on government support through subsidy, funding mechanisms, development assistance, broadcast policy and legislative provisions. This thesis aims to weave together these industry layers, binding them with the determinants of the market and funding, and immersing them beneath layers of government legislation and policy to present a new view of the Australian film industry.

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Oakshott, Stephen Craig School of Information Library &amp Archives Studies UNSW. "The Association of Libarians in colleges of advanced education and the committee of Australian university librarians: The evolution of two higher education library groups, 1958-1997." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Information, Library and Archives Studies, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18238.

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This thesis examines the history of Commonwealth Government higher education policy in Australia between 1958 and 1997 and its impact on the development of two groups of academic librarians: the Association of Librarians in Colleges in Advanced Education (ALCAE) and the Committee of Australian University Librarians (CAUL). Although university librarians had met occasionally since the late 1920s, it was only in 1965 that a more formal organisation, known as CAUL, was established to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information. ALCAE was set up in 1969 and played an important role helping develop a special concept of library service peculiar to the newly formed College of Advanced Education (CAE) sector. As well as examining the impact of Commonwealth Government higher education policy on ALCAE and CAUL, the thesis also explores the influence of other factors on these two groups, including the range of personalities that comprised them, and their relationship with their parent institutions and with other professional groups and organisations. The study focuses on how higher education policy and these other external and internal factors shaped the functions, aspirations, and internal dynamics of these two groups and how this resulted in each group evolving differently. The author argues that, because of the greater attention given to the special educational role of libraries in the CAE curriculum, the group of college librarians had the opportunity to participate in, and have some influence on, Commonwealth Government statutory bodies responsible for the coordination of policy and the distribution of funding for the CAE sector. The link between ALCAE and formal policy-making processes resulted in a more dynamic group than CAUL, with the university librarians being discouraged by their Vice-Chancellors from having contact with university funding bodies because of the desire of the universities to maintain a greater level of control over their affairs and resist interference from government. The circumstances of each group underwent a reversal over time as ALCAE's effectiveness began to diminish as a result of changes to the CAE sector and as member interest was transferred to other groups and organisations. Conversely, CAUL gradually became a more active group during the 1980s and early 1990s as a result of changes to higher education, the efforts of some university librarians, and changes in membership. This study is based principally on primary source material, with the story of ALCAE and CAUL being told through the use of a combination of original documentation (including minutes of meetings and correspondence) and interviews with members of each group and other key figures.

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Chen, Ying-Ju, and 陳盈如. "Legally Protected Interest and Legitimacy of Usury(Article 344 of the Criminal Code)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16775919250976707496.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
101
Criminal law 344th - Crime of Usury is a law that is widely applicable and has been frequently used in judicial practice. However, the reasoning behind the designs and the explanations of this law — i.e. its legal interests — are highly questionable. This thesis, based on the legal interest theory, questions the justification of the usury law. In the financial history of Taiwan, usury could be seen as a negative indicator of the robustness of the financial system; the usury behavior increased when there were flaws or imperfections in the financial system at that time and played an important role in providing short term funds to the financial support demanders. In the current legal system, usury has been categorized as one kind of property crimes. However, by examining the current usury law with the victim commitment theory, the author found there is no justification for the “urgency” and “recklessness” scenarios, which are stated in the current usury law, to deny the genuineness of the victim’s commitment. After examining other possible legally protected interest and still failing to find any justification, the author concluded the current usury law is unjustifiable from the perspective of the personal legally protected interest theory. From the historical background of the usury law in Germany, we could find a close connection between the usury law and the reflection of the Liberalism; there is a clear sign that the society’s expectation to social welfare has had a significant impact on the legislation of the usury law. Similarly, due to the society’s disparagement and the harsh punishment against usury, the legislation of the usury law in Taiwan has become neither the concern about the legally protected interest nor the feedback of the social conscience, but the result of the political considerations instead. This thesis argues that, as usury is merely one way to provide financial funds, the law that forbids such behavior not only conceals the real problems of the financial system, but also impedes the liquidity demanders from obtaining necessary funds. Such a law cannot be justified by either the legal interest theory or the utilitarian benefit measurements. Thus, the author concludes usury should be decriminalized. Finally, even if usury cannot be immediately decriminalized due to the current legislation trends, the author still like to suggest law makers to reconstruct the current usury crime based on the constitution elements of the usury crime in Germany to justify its position as a property crime.

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Hunter, Carla Rowlene. "The charging of interest and the validity of variable interest rate clauses." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13978.

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LL.M. (Banking Law)
The charging of interest and the variation thereof throughout the term of a credit agreement has, in a modern South Africa, become the rule rather than the exception. This is so because in a constant evolving economy it will not be viable for large financial institutions to commit themselves to fixed interest rates especially where a credit agreement such as a mortgage agreement may extend over many years. With this comes the question as to the extent of a credit provider’s discretion to vary interest rates and the manner in which it purports to do so. Naturally where the National Credit Act finds application in respect of a credit agreement the provisions thereof relating to interest and the variation thereof will determine whether a clause allowing a credit provider to vary the interest rate unilaterally is valid and enforceable. However in instances where the National Credit Act is not applicable to a certain credit agreement, especially in the case where the consumer is a juristic person, the interest rate levied and the variation thereof will fall to be decided in terms of the common law. The application of the common law in this regard is not without difficulty and there have been many conflicting decisions of our courts in this regard. Whilst the supreme court of appeal has finally decided on the matter of discretionary interest rate clauses it is no doubt that this issue will surface for many years to come. This dissertation explains the comparative positions of interest rate and variable interest rate clauses in terms of the National Credit Act and the common law.

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Vette, Kaitlyn. "An Infectious Interest: Epidemiology of Communicable Diseases in Australia." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/172078.

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While placed in the Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Section in the Office of Health Protection at the Australian Government Department of Health, I focused on five projects. Using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Pandemic Influenza Severity Assessment (PISA), I established parameters and thresholds to measure the transmissibility, seriousness and impact of circulating influenza in Australia. I found that when these measures were applied to the 2017 influenza season, they aligned with the characterisation of the season by the National Influenza Surveillance Committee based on expert opinion and historical ranges. My implementation of PISA is now being used nationally to make evidence-based, reproducible assessments of the influenza season in real-time. To gain international experience with PISA, I am interning with WHO's Global Influenza Programme following thesis submission. I conducted an evaluation of the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit's surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis using the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. I found the surveillance system to have high stability, acceptability, representativeness and predictive value positive. To increase the usefulness of the system, I recommended that timeliness should be enhanced by reducing the complexity of the system, and that facilitation of increased stool sampling to exclude poliovirus infection should be improved. I used data from the National Enhanced Listeriosis Surveillance System to describe and analyse predisposing risk factors and outcomes amongst nationally notified listeriosis cases in Australia from 2010-17. When compared to the population without each risk factor, I found the risk of listeriosis was 658 times higher in organ transplant recipients, 174 times higher in those with non-haematological cancers, and a range of 1.5-38 times higher in those with other chronic conditions, cases >45 years, pregnant women and those with international backgrounds. The study also highlighted a higher rate of meningitis and death amongst cases without identified susceptibility risk factors compared to cases with any risk factors. In 2017-18, an unusual Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) profile (3-25-13-12-523) appeared in the Australian Capital Territory. I undertook a retrospective case-case analysis to generate a hypothesis about the infectious source. As part of this I compared two case-control selection methods; one using MLVA-differentiated STm case-controls, and the other using case-controls selected from other Salmonella serovars. When cases were compared to STm case-controls, significantly higher egg consumption was detected in cases through multivariate analysis. No significant exposures were found when cases were compared to non-STm case-controls. This study provided a hypothesis for the source of infections and demonstrated that MLVA may be useful in expanding case- control selection to include those from the same Salmonella serovar. I was also involved in communicable disease surveillance and response for the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games. I established a system of international disease surveillance and reporting, and participated in local monitoring and response through placement at the Gold Coast Public Health Unit. Each of these projects has informed disease surveillance, prevention and control in Australia and has contributed to the understanding of the diseases' epidemiology.

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Cochrane, Susan Frances. "The personal interest and decision-making about medical treatment." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150997.

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Wei-Lun, Liang, and 梁瑋倫. "An Empirical Study of the Interest Rate Parity in Australia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26509167926721117452.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
金融資訊研究所
99
The aim of this paper is to examine whether the interest rate parity is truth or not, applying the Australian data from January 1990 to December 2010. A variety of time-series methodologies, cointegration test, and causality test, error correction models, are applied to investigate the relationship. The empirical results of the covered interest rate parity(CIRP) are summarized as follows: (1) The empirical results of Johensen’s cointegration show that the cointegration of forward premium and interest rate differential, which implied the CIRP is truth; (2) According to the results of the error correction model it is bi-directional causality between forward premium and interest rate differential。As to the uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP), the empirical results show as follows: (1) The empirical results of Johensen’s cointegration support there is a cointegration between forward exchange rate and expected futher exchange rate, which implied the UIRP is truth; (2) According to the results of the error correction model it is bi-directional causality between forward exchange rate and expected futher exchange rate。

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Mackellar, Joanne. "An examination of participants at special interest events in regional Australia /." 2009. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/94.

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Vopálková, Eva. "Islámské bezúročné bankovnictví." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332048.

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This diploma thesis attempts to explain the background of the origin of Islamic interest-free banking, where the first part of the thesis is devoted to the attitudes of ancient jurisdictions towards interest in the Old Testament and the Christian middle ages. It also tries to explain the basic principles of Islamic banking's functioning, the specific products it offers, and to show its position and practices in selected Muslim and European countries.

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Fry, Simon Benedict. "Private interest theories of politics and the introduction of WorkCare." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145931.

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Pearse, Guy Dugald. "The business response to climate change : case studies of Australian interest groups." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109792.

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This research project is predominantly aimed at improving our understanding of interest group behaviour. Assessments about 'group interest' and decisions about group engagement in the Australian greenhouse policy network provide a useful opportunity to pursue this research aim. As an empirical contribution to the study of interest groups and policy networks, this research is atypical in a few ways. First, while most of the literature concentrates on the role of interest groups and policy networks in explaining policy outcomes, this study focuses on understanding group behaviour. Second, while the literature concerns itself heavily with group-government relationships, the focus here is on group decision-making about network engagementrelationships with government are addressed only to the extent that they impact on these decisions. Third, while most interest group research assumes that groups know and pursue their interests, or that behaviour reveals group preferences, this research does neither. Instead there is a strong emphasis on what forces shape and change perceptions of group interest and no assumption that groups necessarily pursue those perceived interests. These differences necessarily mean that this work does not deal heavily with some of the main preoccupations in the literature-like why groups mobilise and whether they are good for society. Instead, light is shone on aspects of interest groups and policy networks which are acknowledged as important but receive relatively little attention. Alongside the primary objective--to make the empirical contribution to the literature-the aim here is also to contribute to a greater understanding of the history of greenhouse policy development in Australia. This is seen as being valuable in its own right and it addresses widespread curiosity about why business groups with an apparent interest in climate change policy have responded so differently in the Australian context The result is seven case studies which examine the greenhouse responses of a diverse range of business interest groups that have been active in, or judged relevant to the Australian greenhouse policy network. The case studies rely heavily on analysis of interviews conducted with 56 people drawn both from the case groups and from a broad cross-section of other important players in the greenhouse policy network. As a study of the wider policy network, this work is arguably unprecedented in scope. Those interviewed include party leaders, cabinet ministers, advisors and departmental secretaries spanning the Hawke, Keating and Howard federal governments. Past and present leaders of industry associations, think tanks, environmental organisations, along with academics, and journalists were also interviewed with all sides of the debate represented. The results presented here aim to make an commensurate contribution to our knowledge of both interest group behaviour and greenhouse policy development in Australia.

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Claus, Edda. "Monetary policy in an inflation targeting world : evidence from the Antipodes." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151663.

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Cuffe, Honae. "The search for an integrated policy: challenges to Australian national interest in the Asia-Pacific, 1921–57." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1411231.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This dissertation examines the development of a distinct Australian foreign policy over the years 1921–57. The period under study was one of immense upheaval for Australia as the nation navigated economic crises, the threat of aggressive Japanese expansion and the sifting power distributions underway in the Asia-Pacific region as the world transitioned from British leadership to that of United States of America. Successive Australian governments carefully observed these global and regional forces, searching for a policy in response. This dissertation argues that the policy that developed was an integrated one—that is, one that sought to balance Australia’s particular geopolitical circumstances with great powers relations and, in assessing the value of these relationships, ensure that the nation’s trade, defence and diplomatic interests were served. This dissertation identifies a marked continuity in how Australia’s political elite approached foreign policy over the years 1921–57. In the midst of the economic and strategic uncertainty of the interwar years, policymakers determined the need to reorient policymaking to Australia’s immediate region and acknowledged that neither the policies of Britain nor the US completely served the national interest. The government accordingly sought to intervene in the policies of the great powers to ensure the national interest was safeguarded. This thesis traces how this geopolitically informed, interventionist approach to foreign policy went on to inform policymaking throughout the 1940s and 1950s. In doing so, this thesis identifies a comprehensive and explicitly pragmatic approach in Australia’s foreign policy tradition that has not been previously acknowledged.

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Walter, Karen R. "The proper breadth of interest : Norman B. Tindale: the development of a fieldworker in Aboriginal Australia 1900-1936." Master's thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9980.

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The tool which sculpts any life into its distinctive form is choice. To understand the whole, or even a fraction of the existence of one man, it is essential to trace the choices which gave that life its unique contour. For an historian or an interpreter of life the same forces operate. The interpreter will choose to spotlight events in his subjects life that help to elicit a particular picture of his development. So it is possible to take two dates - 8 February 1987 and 17 December 1911 - pulled out of time by an historian, and attempt to follow the path that winds between them. These two days, in themselves, may not be unlike any other days in the complete structure of a life. It is the historian who extracts and gives meaning to these moments by showing some connection between them. There seems to be a certain continuity in the motivation of Tindale at the age of 86 and Norman aged 11. Both recognised the importance of recording scientific knowledge to be left as a legacy for the benefit of builders of the future. This correlation in ideas inspires the historian to delve into the time between these two dates to uncover the way in which aspirations are acted out in everyday living. What did Tindale do? What choices did he make to fulfil his father's precepts?

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Hosking, Karin F. "A comparison of vocational interest types and job satisfaction in adult career development : a study of unskilled workers in Australia." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/916.

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The career development theory of Holland (1985) maintains that people whose vocational interests have congruence (or "fit") with their work environments will be more satisfied than those whose interests are incongruent. This study investigated whether this theory held for a group of 120 unskilled workers, and for 54 teachers. The key issues were whether interest-job congruence correlated with job satisfaction, and whether the congruence-satisfaction relationship was a function of the congruence measure used. While previous studies showed positive correlations between person-job congruence and satisfaction, most of these used professionallyemployed subjects, and some used students; few researchers investigated the experiences of unskilled workers. A meta-analysis of previous research, carried out in this study revealed an overall mean correlation between congruence and satisfaction of .16, which was very low. Structured interviews in workplaces were used to gather data from the unskilled subjects, and a questionnaire was devised for use with the skilled subject group. The interviews and questionnaires used a card-sort procedure to ascertain subjects' vocational interests, asked questions about subjects' L jobs, collected details on education levels and job tenure, and concluded with a job satisfaction measure. The data gathered were analysed in various ways. Two different interest coding systems, and four congruence measures were applied, to see whether different measures gave differing results. Congruence levels were significantly higher in the skilled subjects than the unskilled subjects when one set of interest codings were used, but were low for both groups when the other codings were applied. Average job satisfaction levels were similar in each group of subjects. When congruence and job satisfaction were correlated, no significant correlations were found, using either subject group, either interest coding method,'or any congruence measure. Similarly, when certain factors (tenure, education levels and gender) were statistically controlled, there were still no significant correlations between congruence and total job satisfaction scores. Certain individual items on the job satisfaction questionnaires showed significant correlation with congruence levels, however, indicating that congruent people were happier than incongruent people with certain aspects of their jobs. On the whole, the results did not support Holland's (1985) theory of vocational choice. The current study suggests that interest may not be a strong predictor of satisfaction, at least in the group of Australian workers sampled. There are implications for career guidance with less academically-inclined people; careers advisers must address other needs as well as interests, in assisting clients to make work and study decisions.

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Hosking, KF. "A comparison of vocational interest types and job satisfaction in adult career development : a study of unskilled workers in Australia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20210.

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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education.
The career development theory of Holland (1985) maintains that people whose vocational interests have congruence (or "fit") with their work environments will be more satisfied than those whose interests are incongruent. This study investigated whether this theory held for a group of 120 unskilled workers, and for 54 teachers. The key issues were whether interest-job congruence correlated with job satisfaction, and whether the congruence-satisfaction relationship was a function of the congruence measure used. While previous studies showed positive correlations between person-job congruence and satisfaction, most of these used professionallyemployed subjects, and some used students; few researchers investigated the experiences of unskilled workers. A meta-analysis of previous research, carried out in this study revealed an overall mean correlation between congruence and satisfaction of .16, which was very low. Structured interviews in workplaces were used to gather data from the unskilled subjects, and a questionnaire was devised for use with the skilled subject group. The interviews and questionnaires used a card-sort procedure to ascertain subjects' vocational interests, asked questions about subjects' L jobs, collected details on education levels and job tenure, and concluded with a job satisfaction measure. The data gathered were analysed in various ways. Two different interest coding systems, and four congruence measures were applied, to see whether different measures gave differing results. Congruence levels were significantly higher in the skilled subjects than the unskilled subjects when one set of interest codings were used, but were low for both groups when the other codings were applied. Average job satisfaction levels were similar in each group of subjects. When congruence and job satisfaction were correlated, no significant correlations were found, using either subject group, either interest coding method,'or any congruence measure. Similarly, when certain factors (tenure, education levels and gender) were statistically controlled, there were still no significant correlations between congruence and total job satisfaction scores. Certain individual items on the job satisfaction questionnaires showed significant correlation with congruence levels, however, indicating that congruent people were happier than incongruent people with certain aspects of their jobs. On the whole, the results did not support Holland's (1985) theory of vocational choice. The current study suggests that interest may not be a strong predictor of satisfaction, at least in the group of Australian workers sampled. There are implications for career guidance with less academically-inclined people; careers advisers must address other needs as well as interests, in assisting clients to make work and study decisions.

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Kreibig, Dale Johanna. "Changing constitutions through constituent assemblies: an analysis of representation, interest, consensus, and partisanship at the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998, and the Renewal of Canada Conferences 1992." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8866.

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This thesis evaluates whether including constituents directly in negotiation proposals for formal constitutional change at constituent assemblies could improve the rate of formal change in Australia and Canada. Some analysts argue that there is little or no need for formal constitutional change, whilst others argue that the lack of it highlights the need to find new ways to debate proposed amendments. In the 1990’s, The Australian and Canadian federal governments departed from usual practice and convened constituent assemblies (or mini constituent assemblies) to debate the merits of a republic for Australia, and proposals for constitutional reform in Canada that became the Charlottetown Accord. This thesis is a case study of those assemblies: the Australian Constitutional Convention 1998, and the Canadian Renewal of Canada Conferences 1992. The first chapter establishes that the rate of formal constitutional change in Australia and Canada is relatively low, and that informal constitutional change is not equivalent to amending the text of a constitution. Analysis of the literature about why proposals put to referenda are rarely ratified in Australia shows that there are no compelling answers to this question and that relatively little attention is given to examining the process used to negotiate formal constitutional change. The second chapter examines literature about the value of constituent assemblies. This review shows that authors disagree about whether, compared to parliamentarians convening alone, constituent assemblies are more representative of constituents, more likely to generate public interest, more likely to reach consensus, and less likely to behave in a partisan way. This thesis addresses these four questions. As a first step, the terms ‘constituent assembly’, ‘representative’, ‘interest’, ‘consensus’ and ‘partisanship’ are defined in a testable form. The third to sixth chapters examine the assemblies in a context of a detailed analysis of the processes of formal constitutional change in Australia and Canada since federation. The research shows that the assemblies were superior for representation, public interest and consensus. <.....>

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Alahakoon, Dona. "Factors Influencing the Business Acquisition Decision (the Deal Value) of Listed Companies in Australia." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42453/.

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Investments in business acquisitions have become a key part of corporate investment strategy. Business acquisitions are a vibrant investment decision which forms part of a firm’s growth strategy, that influences and determines firm value. Efficiency theory suggests that companies are motivated to invest in business acquisitions to realise synergy gains. Although there are previous studies undertaken to examine determinants of domestic business acquisitions in countries like the U.S and the U.K, determinants applicable in these countries may not have equal influence on business acquisition decisions of companies that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Identification of factors influencing the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange provides a theroritical guidance on estimating the most possible purchase price consideration for acquirers and on formulating new policies to develop a more competitive capital market for regulators. The study by Erel et al. (2012) shows Australia is having the largest number of domestic mergers and acquisitions recording 4,875 during the period from 1990 to 2007 compared to all mergers and acquisitions recorded in all other countries. The importance of identifying factors influencing business acquisition decisions motivates this study to examine the factors influencing the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This study examines the factors influencing the business acquisition decision of companies that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, from acquirer’s characteristics and macro-economic point of view. This study also investigates whether the determinants related to acquirer’s characteristics and the macro-economic environment are impacted by the industry classification and the time. Specifically, the study examines how the determinants, such as acquirer’s characteristics (profitability, leverage and liquidity), and macro-economic characteristics (interest rate, exchange rate and stock market index) affect the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression assessment of the 160 completed business acquisitions representing 79.13 per cent of population in terms of total deal value of completed business acquisitions during 1997 to 2012 shows evidence that the acquirer’s profitability before considering the impact of the industry classification and the time, is statistically significantly positively associated with the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This finding lends support to previous empirical studies that greater profitability of an acquirer motivates them investing on business acquisitions. The study finds that the acquirer’s leverage before considering the impact of the industry classification and the time, is statistically positively associated with the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This finding contributes to previous empirical studies that greater leverage of an acquirer motivates them investing on business acquisitions. The study finds that the acquirer’s liquidity before considering the impact of the industry classification and the time, is statistically significantly negatively associated with their business acquisition decision (deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This finding is not consistent with the findings from prior studies. When acquirer’s business acquisition decision is influenced by their industry classification, this study support that the acquirer’s profitability and leverage have a statistically significant positive impact on the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers listed on the Australian Securities Exchange whilst the acquirer’s liquidity has a statistically negative impact on their business acquisition decision. When acquirer’s business acquisition decision is influenced by the time in terms of when the business acquisition occurs, this study support that the acquirer’s profitability and leverage have a statistically significant positive impact on the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers listed on the Australian Securities Exchange whilst the acquirer’s liquidity has a statistically negative impact on their business acquisition decision. This study finds that the macro-economic variables of interest rate and exchange rate are statistically significantly positively associated with the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This finding supports to previous empirical studies that higher interest rate and higher exchange rate motivate investments in business acquisitions. The study supports that the macro-economic variable, stock market index is statistically negatively associated with the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This finding supports to previous empirical studies that the lower stock market index motivates investments in business acquisitions. When acquirer’s business acquisition decision is influenced by their industry classification, this study support that the macro-economic variables of interest rate and exchange rate have a statistically significant positive impact on the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange whilst the macro-economic variable stock market index is statistically negatively associated with the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. When acquirer’s business acquisition decision is influenced by the time in terms of when the business acquisition occurs, the study supports that the macro-economic variable stock market index has a statistically positive impact on the business acquisition decision (the deal value) of acquirers that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange.

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Borromeo, John. "Stock Market Anomalies for Companies Listed on the National Stock Exchange of Australia." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38627/.

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Purpose – Many theoretical financial theories attempt to explain the behaviour of stocks and the structure of their returns, namely the Portfolio Theory, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), and Behavioural Finance. These theories, however, have provided incomplete and contradictory explanations regarding stock market anomalies. The aim of this research is to analyse the theory of anomalies and develop a comprehensive theoretical model based on the extant financial theories to develop an improved explanation about stock market anomalies. The principal aim of the current research is to examine the presence of several anomalies, covering macroeconomic, calendar and event variables, in a secondary stock market within Australia, namely the National Stock Exchange of Australia (NSXA), and a number of the sub-indices contained within this stock market. Design/methodology/approach – This research empirically tests the efficiency of the NSXA. The role played by each of the following independent variables is examined by applying specific statistical techniques: long and short-term interest rates; exchange rates; day of the week; weekends; months of the year; turn of the calendar year, January, turns of the month; Australian end of financial year; Australian federal election, US presidential election and sporting events Findings – The results are interesting and contradict with the existing research. Though the empirical analyse yields statistically significant results for some hypothesis and not for others, the research finds that: a clear interest rate effect for both short and longterm interest rates; an observable and strong monthly effect and suggestive relationship between the NSX Resources sub-indices and Australian federal elections. Research limitations/implications – the main limitations of the research related to: 1) the particularity of investors in the NSXA falls out of the scope of this study, they may provide further insight as to why the anomalous behaviour was observed; 2) difficulty quantifying the physical location of the companies listed on the exchange as knowledge of this may have been supportive in explaining trading patterns and anomalous behaviour and 3) the impact of market capitalization and firm size was not considered due to a lack of available data. Future research may want to incorporate firm size when undertaking analysis to determine if a relationship exists between company size and anomalies. The main implication of the research is that there is only partial confirmation for the validity of the EMH. While the EMH is not rejected in each of the tests undertaken, the fact that some anomalies are observed implies that the EMH cannot be seen as an all-encompassing theory of how stock markets operate or behave. The current research raises the concept of segmented market efficiency. Practical implications – This research indicates that the NSXA does exhibit several specific anomalies. The presence of such anomalies provides investors with greater knowledge which can be used to maximise financial returns, in both the medium and long term, by improving decisions relating to the timing of stock investment. Originality/value – To the researcher’s best knowledge the focus of stock market anomalies in an Australian context has been exclusively to examine the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). This is the first study to focus on a "secondary" smaller, less well recognised stock market, the NSXA. Additionally, this is the first study to consider economic, calendar and event variables in an integrated model to provide an improved explanation of stock anomalies.

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Gooley, Nathan John. "Evergreen, bank funding & liquidity management." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1310643.

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Research Doctorate - Doctorate of Business Administration (DBA)
Government mandated institutions in Australia and Canada have continuously progressed banking regulation throughout time by making gradual alterations to prudential frameworks and supervisory practices. This has included the prompt domestic adaptation of the three Basel accords. A main objective is to ensure banking organisations become more resilient to stresses that impact their capital and liquidity adequacy. Banking organisations are faced with the task of transforming their balance sheets and funding profiles to not only strengthen their balance sheets but to curb heighted liquidity costs that have been brought on by regulatory reform. A review of existing literature on the components of bank funding, liquidity and procyclicality recognises their significance in ensuring individual bank stability and the prevarication of broader systemic implications in the wider economy. This dissertation has examined the historical evolution of the regulatory environments in both Australia and Canada and compared the components of bank balance sheets that offer insights into their funding preference and liquidity holdings, and provide early indicators for procyclicality within the banking sector. It has also had the goal of developing existing research and knowledge of liquidity stresses within bank balance sheets. This research has endeavoured to further balance sheet innovation, through action research that has been carried out over a five year period, to provide banking organisations with options to alter their balance sheets in order to meet the Basel III package of reforms and better deal with liquidity pressures, such as those that were evident in many countries throughout the most recent financial crisis. A new methodology for balance sheet transformation under Basel III, “evergreen” is articulated, with a suite of evergreen asset and liability products and balance sheet exposures being assessed for impact and acceptance within the banking industry. Verification of the evergreen method is demonstrated by the banking industry including it within their strategy for future balance sheet innovation; banks designing and constructing evergreen capability; the regulator encompassing it within prudential standards; and widespread acceptance of evergreen by investors and other financial market participants. Whilst components of evergreen are increasingly becoming a greater part of the banking industry within Australia, it is recognised that the concepts and models of evergreen, are at a primary juncture in their development and require substantial additional focus and research. The usefulness of this dissertation will be established through the particulars of future research settings and must be appraised to the degree that it appears correct, original and apt. Regarding deposits, this dissertation finds that: the existence of voluntary deposit insurance schemes would allow the competitive landscape for retail deposits to become about more than just price; operational deposits are not immune from procyclical competition; Australian banks have a much greater appetite and tolerance for at-call deposit raising; liquidity regulation has permanently shifted the ‘market rate’ for deposit funding above its ‘natural rate’; and foreign currency deposit raising may lead to banks running unhedged positions or developing a larger reliance towards United States Dollars. For wholesale funding, it is observed that: liquidity regulation has increased the reliance of banks on domestic financial markets to fulfil their financing needs; the volume of short-dated prime bank paper being issued in Australia has declined where there are consequences for the Bank Bill Swap Rates; and large differentials in the semi/quarterly spread can substantially impact the profitability of banking book products. The domestic implementation of the Basel III package of reforms on liquidity in both Australia and Canada has, in many ways, imitated the historical approach taken towards bank capital regulation. This dissertation deducts that, as there is for capital, the concept of ‘regulatory’ and ’economic’ liquidity now exists. Furthermore, regulation has introduced a predisposition to government bonds, which may have unintended consequences for both government sponsored issuers and bank investors. Finally, procyclicality must be monitored and managed by the government sponsored institution tasked with the role of implementing monetary policy, rather than institutions that implement and enforce prudential regulation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interest and usury Australia'

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