Academic literature on the topic 'Interest and usury Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

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Salahudin, M. "MEMBINCANG PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUALIS ABDULLAH SAEED DALAM MEMAHAMI AL-QUR’AN." QOF 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qof.v2i1.499.

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Qur’anic studies never ends. It is done by both intellectual moslems and orientalists (non moslem). Abdullah Saeed, an intellectual moslem who lives in non moslem area (Australia), is one of those who studies Qur’an deeply. To understand and interpret Qur’an contextually, he offers an approach called contextualist approach. Then, Saeed also makes hierarchy of values taken from Qur’anic verses. This is known that not all verses must be conformed to place and time, but some should be understood and interpreted universally. While others depend on place and time (particularly). The steps of interpreting, called model of interpretation by Saeed, with contextualist approach encounter with the world of the text, critical analysis, meaning for the first recipients, and meaning for the present. an example of Saeed’s interpretation of the verses about usury connected to interest is given in the last of this article.
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Persky, Joseph. "Retrospectives: From Usury To Interest." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.1.227.

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Since the Middle Ages, each epoch has participated in the debate over the conditions in which lending should be prohibited as usury. While disagreements over the definition of usury remain, the debate came to its modern climax on the eve of the industrial revolution, in a well-known interchange between Jeremy Bentham and Adam Smith in the late 1780s. Smith, for all his faith in a system of natural liberty, proved unwilling to let the interest rate float. Bentham argued anything else must reduce total welfare. From a superficial perspective, the entire affair amounts to nothing more than a modest dispute between a failing master (Smith died in 1790) and an over-eager disciple. (Bentham acknowledged in the Defence that all he knew of political economy originated in Smith's works.) Yet the argument struck a fundamental chord. Gilbert K. Chesterton identified Bentham's essay on usury as the very beginning of the “modern world.” I tend to agree.
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Nyanyang, Nyanyang. "Pemikiran Wahbah al-Zuhaili tentang Hukum Riba dalam Transaksi Keuangan pada Kitab Fiqih Islam Wa Adillatuhu." Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v3i2.234.

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This research explains the problem of usury law and its interpretation in financial transactions personally conducted by the public in insurance institutions as well as bank interest from the thought wahbah zuhaili and provide the solution. According to him, usury is divided into the first three types, riba fadh, second, riba yad and third riba nasiah. Wahbah zuhaili argues that the forbidden interest is usury that multiplies both the little and the amount of interest obtained because it is the same as the rib element. The prohibition of usury (usurios) in Islam based on moral and humanitarian considerations because the essence of usury prohibition is the elimination of all forms of economic practice that cause injustice and injustice. And the impact of interest on the economy will lead to a slowdown in economic growth. This method of writing a journal is based on the study of the library by conducting an in-depth review of wahbah zuhaili's books, books, interpretations and writings on bank interest, usury and related to it. The purpose of this writing is to know the laws, practices of usury and solutions in order to avoid the practice of usury inflicted on the economy.
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Wahyuni, Sri. "ZAKAT HASIL BUNGA BANK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." Shar-E : Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Hukum Syariah 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37567/shar-e.v7i2.861.

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This study aims to: (1) find out the views of Islamic law on bank interest and usury (2). Analyzing the perspective of Islamic law on zakat from bank interest results. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. Then the analysis uses descriptive analysis and content analysis. With this research, it was found that there were many differences of opinion between the scholars and the thoughts of the figures regarding usury and bank interest. Therefore, zakat from interest results depends on the understanding and stability of the person concerned with the law of bank interest. If he believes that bank interest is unlawful because it is equated with usury, then zakat on bank interest is unlawful. If you believe that bank interest is different from usury and the law is not haram, as long as there is no extortion, then zakat on bank interest is not haram. However, if you are in doubt and think that bank interest is doubtful (vague), then the law of zakat on bank interest is doubtful, and whoever is in the area of ​​doubt is in a dangerous area and the law is unlawful. As a material for reflection and consideration related to bank interest, the author is more inclined to bank interest which is not the same as usury. Riba all scholars forbid both small and large additions. Bank interest can be called usury, and also not usury.
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Ahmatnijar, Ahmatnijar. "RIBA, BUNGA BANK, DAN KOMITMEN BARU: Studi Tafsir tentang Riba Kaitannya dengan Bunga Bank Konvensional." Studi Multidisipliner: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/multidisipliner.v5i2.1112.

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This issue of usury became one of the priority agenda of Islam to abolish it, but it has not yet been completed until the end of the prophetic period. Along with the socio-economic development of the community, usury experiences development of meaning and instead it is linked to interest in conventional banks, so that some identify usury with the interest of the bank. In the study of Tafsir, the meaning of usury with bank interest is not entirely identical despite many points of equality. So that to solve this problem, there needs to be a new commitment to establish financial institutions that are free from elements of usury.
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Sarono, Agus. "MENGKRITISI MAKNA HUKUM RIBA BUNGA BANK." HUMANIKA 21, no. 1 (January 4, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/humanika.21.1.75-85.

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Bank interest is considered usury. One is to be scrutinized if the bank interest as usury, because usury is often mentioned in the texts is characterized oppress and torment the community. As with the conventional bank interest, how many small and medium enterprises which helped because Free Master in conventional banks. Problems found in the writing of this paper is; Why people ignore the MUI fatwa on usury interest as knife analysis; Unger critical legal theory, theory of responsiveness Nonet Sezlnick, the theory of legal culture Lawrence M Friedman progressive Satjipto Rahardjo and Usul Fiqh used to find alternative meanings of texts relating to usury From search and review of the problems concluded that after the birth of four Imam Muslim schools stuck in the mindset of the four Imams Madzhab and afraid to ijtihad. Therefore, the Muslims thought of usury is not far from what has been inferred by the four Imam mazdhab. Finally Islamic law really can not answer the development of society. Bank interest is equated with usury which both born differ in the time span, the different communities of the background, a different effect. Therefore interest rates clearly differ from usury and should not be equated with riba. That is why people ignore the MUI fatwa in business transactions. Should the scholars 'move from positivistic Jurisprudence to understanding Sociological Jurisprudence positivistic Jurisprudence.Oleh Hence the scholars can use the legal pluralisme approach in defining legal meaning.
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Helmholz, R. H. "Usury, Interest and the Reformation (review)." Catholic Historical Review 90, no. 2 (2004): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2004.0075.

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Buhari, A. Taufiq. "BANK DAN RIBA (Perbankan Syariah Prinsip Praktik dan Prospek)." Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35309/alinsyiroh.v6i1.3824.

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Islamic banks are banks whose activities leave usury problems. While usury is meant is excess property in a muamalah with no compensation. The mechanism of interest-free Islamic banking / usury based on philosophical and practical reasons. The principle of Islamic banking profit sharing makes the risk of loss smaller than deposit interest, but this high profit share still cannot provide a large influence on the economy. The reason is people still choose bank interest because the negative implications of the bank interest system are not felt directly individually in the near future by the public
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Bokwa, Krzysztof. "Historia aktualna — austriacka regulacja odsetek i lichwy w XIX-XX w." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 21 (October 4, 2017): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.21.3.

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Ongoing history — Austrian regulation of interest and usury in 19th–20th centuriesThis thesis aims to depict phemonena of interest and usury in private law using example of regulation of interest and usury in Austrian law. This issue was regulated in various ways from the mid-18th century until the World War 1. Subsequent legal acts are being analysed, referring to contemporary legal theories. Special emphasis is placed on the two aims of introducing full freedom of interest rate in 1787 and 1868 which, however, proved to be ephemeral. Nevertheless, liberalising attempts resulted in modern depiction of usury in the Imperial decree of 1914, where it was identified with extortion; that creates a connection to the contemporary Polish regulation, to which reference is made in the end of the article.
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Muhammad Baiquni Syihab. "MAQASID SYARIAH DAN PENGARUH PELARANGAN BUNGA DALAM PEREKONOMIAN NASIONAL." Mukaddimah: Jurnal Studi Islam 7, no. 1 (November 17, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/mjsi.71.2962.

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Abstract Bank interest as stated by MUI is usury, and usury is unlawful. However, bank interest cannot be released from the economic system because it functions as a financial instrument that regulates the money supply. Without interest, the banking operational system cannot run. Without service fees from the central bank, the banking operational system (both conventional and sharia) cannot function as it should. Maqasid sharia is the purpose and wisdom of establishing a law given by the Khaliq (Allah), then of course the forbidden law on the practice of muamalah flowering (usury) has a purpose and wisdom. And as revealed in the Qur'an that the prohibition of usury is intended so that humans are not wrongdoers who wronged and no one was wronged in terms of property. In this discussion we reveal, that the practice of bank interest is the main cause of inflation. Inflation itself means a decrease in the value of money, and not an increase in the price of goods. That is, it is possible that among the community there is absolutely no practice of usury, but still it has a bad impact, exposed to dirty splashes of usury practice. Namely, the wealth of money that he has has decreased in value due to inflation. Keyword: Interest, Riba, Maqasid Sharia
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

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Davidson, Corinne. "Prohibitions against loans at interest : a pentateuchal problem." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63963.

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Canado, Vítor Hugo Ferreira da Cruz. "Evolution of religious restrictions against interest." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14694.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este trabalho propõe a comparação entre as restrições religiosas sobre usura nas religiões do Livro e também a análise das origens, manutenção e desaparecimento das proibições. Foi possível concluir que houve uma diluição do conceito de usura e que as restrições tiveram impacto nas actividades bancárias. Além disso, para contornar as proibições, a usura foi escondida em contractos complexos. Como o Islão é actualmente a religião com a maior taxa de crescimento da sua população também foi possível prever possíveis desenvolvimentos futuros da proibição islâmica da usura.
This work proposes a comparison of the religious restrictions on usury in the religions of the book and also the analysis of the origins, the maintenance and the disappearing of the prohibitions. I was able to conclude that there was a dilution in the concept of usury and that these restrictions had an impact in banking activities. Furthermore in order to circumvent the prohibition usury was concealed in complex contracts. As Islam is currently the religious group with the highest population growth I was also able to predict the possible future developments of the Islamic prohibition of usury.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Filho, Francisco Tavares de Miranda. "OperaÃÃes de crÃdito: um estudo de caso sobre financiamentos para os setores rural, comercial e industrial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2359.

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nÃo hÃ
Este trabalho trata de um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos da usura e do anatocismo no processo de endividamento bancÃrio em uma amostra de 60 operaÃÃes de crÃdito. Todas as observaÃÃes sÃo devedores inadimplentes e aguardando decisÃo judicial pertinentes à comarca de ParnaÃba, norte do estado do PiauÃ, tendo operaÃÃes contratadas no perÃodo de 1994 a 2003. Foi feita uma breve anÃlise dos aspectos histÃricos, jurÃdicos e econÃmicos da polÃtica de crÃdito no Brasil envolvendo os setores rural, comercial e industrial, declinando sobre os aspectos legais da cobranÃa bancÃria ante a conjuntura econÃmica. Como metodologia, utilizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, realizada com os 60 mutuÃrios quando do ajuizamento das operaÃÃes para auxiliar na avaliaÃÃo dos efeitos da usura e do anatocismo quanto à evoluÃÃo das dÃvidas. A conclusÃo a que se chegou à que a usura e o anatocismo foram fatores que contribuÃram para que tais operaÃÃes chegassem à situaÃÃo de inadimplÃncia. Ressalte-se, porÃm, que o poder de generalizar tais resultados à limitado, dada a falta de informaÃÃo do efeito da usura e do anatocismo sobre os tomadores adimplentes.
This case study aims to investigate the effects of usury and compound interest in the process of acquiring bank debt. The sample was made up of sixty (60) credit transactions, initiated from 1994-2003, all of which are in default and awaiting judicial rulings in the district court of ParnaÃba. A brief analysis of the historical, judicial and politico-economical aspects of credit in Brazil relating to the rural, commercial and industrial sectors is included with emphasis given to the legal aspects of debt collection and economic status. As methodology, a field study was undertaken, achieved with the sixty (60) borrowers during their judgment in order to assist the evaluation of the effects of usury and compound interest in the evolution of the debts. The conclusion reached is that usury and compound interest application were factors that contributed to the debt arriving at the point of default. It should be emphasized, however, that the power of said result does not extend to any and all type of credit transaction.
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Chen, Li-Kanz. "Cost of Issuing Debt: An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Net Interest Cost of State Bonds." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278599/.

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The major purpose of this dissertation is to explore the determinants of interest cost for state bonds. Various kinds of variables pertaining to issue characteristics, market characteristics, economic conditions, and political variables were statistically tested to assess their impact on the interest cost of state bonds. This research examines the variables found to be significant for local bonds, as well as some factors unique to state bonds, e.g., the types state agencies issuing debt and the effect of different state income tax policies.
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Hoyle, Maxwell Bruce, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Australia and East Timor: elitism, pragmatism and the national interest." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.110809.

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For over two decades the issue of East Timor's right to self-determination has been a ‘prickly’ issue in Australian foreign policy. The invasion by Indonesian forces in 1975 was expected, as Australian policy-makers had been well informed of the events leading up to the punitive action being taken. Indeed, prior discussions involving the future of the territory were held between the Australian Prime Minister and the Indonesian President in 1974. In response to the events unfolding in the territory the Australian Labor Government at the time was presented with two policy options for dealing with the issue. The Department of Defence recommended the recognition of an independent East Timor; whereas the Department of Foreign Affairs proposed that Australia disengage itself as far as possible from the issue. The decision had ramifications for future policy considerations especially with changes in government. With the Department of Foreign Affairs option being the prevailing policy what were the essential ingredients that give explanation for the government's choice? It is important to note the existence of the continuity and cyclical nature of attitudes by Labor governments toward Indonesia before and after the invasion. To do so requires an analysis of the influence ‘Doc’ Evatt had in shaping any possible Labor tradition in foreign policy articulation. The support given by Evatt for the decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) gave rise to the development of a special relationship-so defined. Evidence of the effect Evatt had on future Labor governments may be found in the opinions of Gough Whitlam. In 1975 when he was Prime Minister, Whitlam felt the East Timor issue was merely the finalisation of Indonesia's decolonisation honouring Evatt's long held anti-colonialist tradition existing in the Australian Labor Party. The early predisposition toward Indonesia's cohesiveness surfaced again in the Hawke and Keating Labor governments of later years. It did not vary a great deal with changes in government The on-going commitment to preserving and strengthening the bilateral relationship meant Indonesia's territorial integrity became the focus of the Australian political elites’ regional foreign policy determinations. The actions taken by policy-makers served to promote the desire for a stable region ahead of independence claims of the East Timorese. From a realist perspective, the security dilemma for Australian policy-makers was how to best promote regional order and stability in the South East Asian region. The desire for regional cohesiveness and stability continues to drive Australian political elites to promote policies that gives a priority to the territorial integrity of regional states. Indonesia, in spite of its diversity, was only ever thought of as a cohesive unitary state and changes to its construct have rarely been countenanced. Australia's political elite justifications for this stance vacillate between strategic and economic considerations, ideological (anti-colonialism) to one of being a pragmatic response to international politics. The political elite argues the projection of power into the region is in Australia’s national interest. The policies from one government to the next necessarily see the national interest as being an apparent fixed feature of foreign policy. The persistent fear of invasion from the north traditionally motivated Australia's political elite to adopt a strategic realist policy that sought to ‘shore up’ the stability, strength and unity of Indonesia. The national interest was deemed to be at risk if support for East Timorese independence was given. The national interest though can involve more than just the security issue, and the political elite when dealing with East Timor assumed that they were acting in the common good. Questions that need to be addressed include determining what is the national interest in this context? What is the effect of a government invoking the national interest in debates over issues in foreign policy? And, who should participate in the debate? In an effort to answer these questions an analysis of how the ex-foreign affairs mandarin Richard Woolcott defines the national interest becomes crucial. Clearly, conflict in East Timor did have implications for the national interest. The invasion of East Timor by Indonesia had the potential to damage the relationship, but equally communist successes in 1975 in Indo-China raised Australia's regional security concerns. During the Cold War, the linking of communism to nationalism was driving the decision-making processes of the Australian policy-makers striving to come to grips with the strategic realities of a changing region. Because of this, did the constraints of world politics dominated by Cold War realities combined with domestic political disruption have anything to do with Australia's response? Certainly, Australia itself was experiencing a constitutional crisis in late 1975. The Senate had blocked supply and the Labor Government did not have the funds to govern. The Governor-General by dismissing the Labor Government finally resolved the impasse. What were the reactions of the two men charged with the responsibility of forming the caretaker government toward Indonesia's military action? And, could the crisis have prevented the Australian government from making a different response to the invasion? Importantly, and in terms of economic security, did the knowledge of oil and gas deposits thought to exist in the Timor Sea influence Australia's foreign policy? The search for oil and gas requires a stable political environment in which to operate. Therefore for exploration to continue in the Timor Sea Australia must have had a preferred political option and thoughts of with whom they preferred to negotiate. What was the extent of each government's cooperation and intervention in the oil and gas industry and could any involvement have influenced the Australian political elites’ attitude toward the prospect of an independent East Timor? Australia's subsequent de jure recognition that East Timor was part of Indonesia paved the way for the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) Treaty signing in 1989. The signing underpinned Australia's acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor. The outcome of the analysis of the issues that shaped Australia's foreign policy toward East Timor showed that the political elite became locked into an integration model, which was defended by successive governments. Moreover, they formed an almost reflexive defence of Indonesia both at the domestic and international level.
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O???Brien, Peter Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Term structure modelling and the dynamics of Australian interest rates." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Banking and Finance, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28283.

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This thesis consists of two related parts. In the first part we conduct an empirical examination of the dynamics of Australian interest rates of six different maturities, covering the whole yield curve. This direct study of the long rates is quite novel. We use maximum likelihood estimation on a variety of models and find some results that are in stark contrast to previous studies. We estimate Poisson-jump diffusion (PJD) models and find very strong evidence for the existence of jumps in all daily interest rate series. We find that the PJD model fits short-rate data significantly better than a Bernoulli-jump diffusion model. We also estimate the CKLS model for our data and find that the only model not rejected for all six maturities is the CEV model in stark contrast to previous findings. Also, we find that the elasticity of variance estimate in the CKLS model is much higher for the short-rates than for the longer rates where the estimate is only about 0.25, indicating that different dynamics seem to be at work for different maturities. We also found that adding jumps to the simple diffusion model gives a larger improvement than comes from going from the simple diffusion to the CKLS model. In the second part of the thesis we examine the Flesaker and Hughston (FH) term structure model. We derive the dynamics of the short rate under both the original measure and the risk-neutral measure, and show that some criticisms of the bounds for the short rate may not be significant in actual applications. We also derive the dynamics of bond prices in the FH model and compare them to the HJM model. We also extend the FH model by allowing the martingale to follow a jump-diffusion process, rather than just a diffusion process. We derive the unique change of measure that guarantees the family of bond prices is arbitrage-free. We derive prices for caps and swaptions, and extend the results to include Bermudan swaptions and show how to price options with the jump-diffusion version of the FH model.
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Pinheiro, Ivan Nogueira. "Juros e usura no direito brasileiro: uma reflexão sob a perspectiva Tomista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-29102012-155620/.

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O presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre o tema da usura no pensamento de São Tomás de Aquino de forma a determinar sua aplicabilidade à questão dos juros remuneratórios tal qual se apresenta hodiernamente no Direito Brasileiro. Inicialmente a concepção de Aquino é avaliada à luz da tríplice base que a compõe: a Lei Natural, segundo a qual se considera a esterilidade do dinheiro e a justiça natural; a Lei Humana, tida aqui como o Direito Romano, do qual se absorve a noção de fungibilidade do dinheiro e a conceituação dos contratos de mútuo; e a Lei Divina, tomada por São Tomás de forma a corroborar aquilo que se depreende das demais leis. Na sequencia, a problemática dos juros e da sua extrapolação usurária é avaliada no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico pátrio, tanto sob o prisma de sua evolução histórica quanto das discussões que envolvem a matéria em nossos dias. Finalmente, partindo de uma conceituação de juros e usura compatível com o pensamento do Doutor Angélico, avaliaremos o que viria a determinar o preço justo nos contratos de mútuo financeiro com vistas a estabelecer parâmetros indicativos para a limitação das taxas de juros no Direito Brasileiro, tanto nas operações praticadas no âmbito civil quanto naquelas contratadas junto ao Sistema Financeiro Nacional
This study proposes an analysis of the theme of usury in the thinking of St. Thomas Aquinas to determine its applicability to the question of compensatory interest as it is now understood under Brazilian Law. Initially Aquinass concept is evaluated in the light of its triple base: Natural Law, which considers the sterility ofmoney and natural justice; Human Law, seen here as Roman Law, from which the notion offungibility of money and the conceptualization of mutuum agreements are derived; and Divine Law, taken by St. Thomas as a means of corroborating what is deduced from the other laws.Next, the critical issues involving interest and their usurious extrapolation are evaluated in the sphere of our national legal system, from both the perspectives of its historical evolution and of the discussions that involve the subject today. And finally, beginning with an appraisal of interest and usury compatible with the thinking of the Angelic Doctor, we will evaluate what woulddetermine the just price in mutuum contracts,seeking to establish parameters for an eventual limitation ofinterest rates in Brazilian Law, both in transactions involving non-banking entities and in those contracted within the National Financial System.
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Legnani, Nicole Delia. "Love Interest: Figures and Fictions of Venture Capital and the Law in Conquista." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11471.

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Inspired by the visual allegory ("Conquista, embarcáronse a las Indias" fol. 73 of the Nueva corónica), Legnani contends that the development of the laws of peoples (jus gentium) by 16th century Spanish jurists should be analyzed within the corpus of commercial law (lex mercatoria) employed by sea merchants, bankers and mercenaries throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. This dissertation explores the movement from figure to fiction in discourses of capital and violence.
Romance Languages and Literatures
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Hotham, John Patrick Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Management of interest rate risk in the banking book of Australian credit unions and building societies." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40810.

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The Basel Committee has released a consultative document (Basel (2003)) on the management and supervision of interest rate risk (IRR). This document outlines a standardised model to calculate a duration-based proxy for IRR in depository institution balance sheets. We utilise this methodology to define an IRR measure which we denote BIRRM (Basel Interest Rate Risk Measure). It is the change in the value of a financial institution produced by a 200 basis-point increase in interest rates at all maturities, relative to Tier I and Tier II capital. This study has three primary objectives. Firstly, we utilise BIRRM to provide an overview of IRR exposure of Australian Credit Unions and Building Societies (CUBS) over the period September 1997 to September 2007. Secondly, we seek an understanding of the relationship between BIRRM and measures of CUBS' interest rate sensitivity over a period of rising interest rates (December 1998 to September 2000) and another period of falling rates (September 2000 to December 2001). Finally, we seek an understanding of the economic factors that influence IRR exposure decisions of CUBS by modelling the determinants of CUBS' IRR exposure. We find that IRR exposure of CUBS is relatively low and, on average, CUBS are exposed to falling interest rates. We also find significant relationships between BIRRM and measures of CUBS' interest rates sensitivity consistent with a priori expectations, supporting the use of the Basel Committee's measure of IRR in identifying CUBS with large IRR exposures. The models examining the determinants of CUBS' IRR have relatively low explanatory power. There are however significant relationships between a number of factors and CUBS' exposure to changing rates.
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Althabity, Mohammad M. "Enforceability of arbitral awards containing interest : a comparative study between Sharia law and positive laws." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23090.

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The dynamics of our globalised world open the way for international trade and transactions between different countries; this may lead to conflicts in laws where transactions and trade may be subject to different legal systems. One of the biggest issues in international commercial law is disputes over the charging of interest, for example with regard to late payment, interest-based loans, or compensation for damages. Interest disputes are considered to be a complex area of law and even more complex in the international field. At the international level, interest claims may be connected to many areas of commerce and thus governed by various laws, which are different from one country to another; moreover, each country has its own interest rate and such rates are changeable according to the nature of law and economics under some jurisdictions. Furthermore, the concept of interest itself is affected by influences such as religious beliefs and economic, political and cultural trends. Interest can be treated as a substantive or a procedural matter. The settlement of these disputes therefore faces difficulties. Arbitration, as a method for settlement of disputes, is characterised by special features that assist in resolving these issues; but it faces some obstructions, especially in international commercial arbitration. The practices of arbitral tribunals and national courts in this regard are different. The results of different interpretations, approaches, and theories with regard to arbitration, at the pre-arbitration, during arbitration and post-arbitration stages, may also differ widely due to the diversity of financial and legal systems such as Common Law, Civil Law and the Islamic legal system – Sharia Law – across different countries. Each legal system has a different methodology and theories, even within an individual country under one legal system, and a state within a federal system has its own laws, which may have different interpretations in this respect. The New York Convention of 1958 on enforcing foreign arbitral awards was established in favour of arbitral awards and for the purpose of unifying international rules of arbitration. This Convention provides some procedural and substantive rules for the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, but also provides some grounds for refusal. These rules have been affected by different interpretations under different jurisdictions and legal systems, which lead to different perspectives on the matter of charging interest and settlement by arbitration. The outcome of applying the NYC under these interpretations often has the opposite of its intended effect: the rejection of foreign arbitral awards. Due to such ambiguities, courts occasionally intervene in arbitration in all its stages. The interventions of national courts occur in three stages: enforcement of the arbitration agreement, enforcement of the contract under the applicable law to the agreement, and enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. The confusion between substantive and procedural laws also creates confusion with respect to public policy, non-arbitrability and enforceability. In addition, there may be a lack of clarity on the scope of arbitration with respect to the parties’ agreement, whether or not the parties have agreed to the interest rates and periods and whether or not they have agreed to the authority of the arbitrator. These issues affect the enforceability of an arbitration agreement, the law applicable to the disputed contract, the freedom of parties, the authority of the arbitrators and the enforceability of the awarded interest. The thesis studies how arbitral awards containing interest have been interpreted across the three aforementioned legal systems under the NYC 1958 in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the UAE, England, France, and the US and the enforceability of such awards.
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Books on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

1

Jeremy, Bentham. Defence of usury. London, England: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1992.

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The issue of interest. Karachi: Darul-ishaat, 1997.

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Commission, North Carolina General Assembly Legislative Research. Interest rate regulation: Report to the 1987 General Assembly of North Carolina. [Raleigh, N.C.?]: The Commission, 1986.

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Tolonen, Hannu. Korko, raha ja sopimus: Korkokielto ja sen häviäminen rahan sekä pääoman syntymisen ongelmana. Helsinki: Lakimiesliiton Kustannus, 1992.

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Moser, Thomas. Die patristische Zinslehre und ihre Ursprünge: Vom Zinsgebot zum Wucherverbot. Winterthur: Hans Schellenberg, 1997.

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Glaeser, Edward L. Neither a borrower nor a lender be: An economic analysis of interest restrictions and usury laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Gesell, Silvio. Establishing a natural economic order through free-land and free-money. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2011.

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Haque, Ziaul. Riba: The moral economy of usury, interest, and profit. Kuala Lumpur: S. Abdul Majeed & Co. for Ikraq, 1995.

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Muñoz, Francisco Javier Jiménez. La usura: Evolución histórica y patología de los intereses. Madrid [Spain]: Dykinson, 2010.

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Irving, Fisher. The rate of interest. London: Pickering & Chatto, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

1

Bozik, Muhammet Sait, and Murat Ustaoğlu. "The merchant societies and usury." In A History of Interest and Debt, 35–46. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Islamic business and finance: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041214-4.

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Walsh, Adrian, and Tony Lynch. "Usury and the Ethics of Interest-Taking." In The Morality of Money, 91–118. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230227804_4.

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Yıldız, Sena Yağmur, Muhammet Sait Bozik, and Murat İstekli. "Basic education and usury in Jewish history." In The Evolution of Interest and Debt, 43–53. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041245-5.

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Sağın, Abdüsselam. "Debates on the notion of usury in St. Thomas Aquinas’ thought." In The Evolution of Interest and Debt, 54–63. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041245-6.

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Keynes, John Maynard. "Notes on Mercantilism, The Usury Laws, Stamped Money and Theories Of Under-Consumption." In The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, 297–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70344-2_23.

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Grare, Frédéric, and Jean-Loup Samaan. "Australia and the ASEAN Member States: From Interest to Commitment?" In The Indian Ocean as a New Political and Security Region, 151–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91797-5_7.

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Villalta Puig, Gonzalo. "The Judicial History of the Federal Market of Australia: Free Trade Versus Free Enterprise." In World Trade and Local Public Interest, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41920-2_9.

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Halpin, D. R. "Farm protest and militancy in Australia: supporting or undermining interest-group politics?" In Rural protest groups and populist political parties, 145–62. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-807-0_7.

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Allen, Geoff. "Towards a Strategic Function: The Evolution of the Public Affairs Management Profession in Australia." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_109-1.

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Allen, Geoff. "Towards a Strategic Function: The Evolution of the Public Affairs Management Profession in Australia." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs, 1385–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44556-0_109.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

1

Karakehya, Hakan. "Usury by Using Credit Card as an Increasing Unlawful Economic Activity in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00731.

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Usury is regulated in article 241 of the Turkish Penal Code as a crime in the field of the economy, industry and trade. The state aims with the regulation to protect continuation of the economic order in the country. Usury by using credit card is one of the most common committing methods of the usury crime in Turkey. Due to this crime, there are many people in the economic difficulties and too much tax losing for the state, recent years in Turkey. Nevertheless usury by the credit card is getting increase with each passing day, because of the easiness, profitability, being risk-free of the action. Increasing controls and reduction to more reasonable levels of the prescribed interest for the credit card debts will be effective in the fight against the crime.
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Thompson, Rachel, Kirsten McCaffery, and Wendy Lipworth. "85 Conflicts of interest and the synthesis and dissemination of evidence for patients: a conceptual analysis." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.97.

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Song, Wei, and Dian Tjondronegoro. "A survey on usage of mobile video in Australia." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952225.

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Alexander, Elinor. "Natural hydrogen exploration in South Australia." In PESA Symposium Qld 2022. PESA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36404/putz2691.

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South Australia has taken the lead nationally in enabling exploration licences for natural hydrogen. On 11 February 2021 the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Regulations 2013 were amended to declare hydrogen, hydrogen compounds and by-products from hydrogen production regulated substances under the Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000 (PGE Act). Companies are now able to apply to explore for natural hydrogen via a Petroleum Exploration Licence (PEL) and the transmission of hydrogen or compounds of hydrogen are now permissible under the transmission pipeline licencing provisions of the PGE Act. The maximum area of a PEL is 10,000 square kilometres so they provide a large acreage position for explorers. PEL applicants need to provide evidence of their technical and financial capacity as well as a 5-year work program which could include field sampling, geophysical surveys (e.g., aeromagnetics, gravity, seismic and MT) and exploration drilling to evaluate the prospectivity of the licence for natural hydrogen. Since February 2021, seven companies have lodged 35 applications for petroleum exploration licences (PELs), targeting natural hydrogen. The first of these licences (PEL 687) over Kangaroo Island and southern Yorke Peninsula was granted to Gold Hydrogen Pty Ltd on 22 July 2021. As well as issuing exploration licences, a key role of the South Australian Department for Energy and Mining is to provide easy access to comprehensive geoscientific data submitted by mineral and petroleum explorers and departmental geoscientists since the State was founded in 1836. Access to old 1920s and 1930s reports, together with modern geophysical and well data has underpinned the current interest in hydrogen exploration. Why the interest? 50-80% hydrogen content was measured in 1931 by the Mines Department in gas samples from wells on Kangaroo Island, Yorke Peninsula and the Otway Basin, potential evidence that the natural formation of hydrogen has occurred. Iron-rich cratons and uranium-rich basement (also a target for geothermal energy explorers) occur in the Archaean-Mesoproterozoic Gawler Craton, Curnamona and Musgrave provinces which are in places fractured and seismically active with deep-seated faults. Sedimentary cover ranges from Neoproterozoic-Recent in age, with thick clastic, carbonate and coal measure successions in hydrocarbon prospective basins and, in places, occurrences of mafic intrusives and extrusives, iron stones, salt and anhydrite which could also be potential sources of natural hydrogen.
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Foth, Marcus, Victor M. Gonzalez, and Wallace Taylor. "Designing for place-based social interaction of urban residents in México, South Africa and Australia." In the 20th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group (CHISIG) of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1228175.1228241.

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Väätäjä, Heli. "User experience of smart phones in mobile journalism." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952224.

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Chen, Xiantao, Ying Liu, and Xia Wang. "Designing for mobility." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952226.

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Basballe, Ditte Amund, and Kim Halskov. "Projections on museum exhibits." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952240.

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Lee, Chao-Lung, Da Lee, Yun-Maw Cheng, Li-Chieh Chen, Wei-Chia Chen, and Frode Eika Sandnes. "On the implications of sense of control over bicycling." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952227.

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Jensen, Kasper Løvborg, Rameshnath Krishnasamy, and Vashanth Selvadurai. "Studying PH. A. N. T. O. M. in the wild." In the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1952222.1952228.

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Reports on the topic "Interest and usury Australia"

1

Glaeser, Edward, and Jose Scheinkman. Neither a Borrower nor a Lender Be: An Economic Analysis of Interest Restrictions and Usury Laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4954.

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Brassil, Anthony. The Consequences of Low Interest Rates for the Australian Banking Sector. Reserve Bank of Australia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-08.

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There is a vast international literature exploring the consequences of low interest rates for various banking sectors. In this paper, I explore how this international literature relates to the Australian banking sector, which operates differently to other jurisdictions. In the face of low rates, the profitability of Australian banks has likely been less adversely affected than what the international literature would predict, but the flip side to this is that the pass-through of monetary policy to lending rates may have been more muted. I then use a recent advance in macrofinancial modelling to explore whether pass-through in Australia could turn negative – the so called 'reversal rate' – and find that the features of the Australian banking system mean a reversal rate is highly unlikely to exist in Australia.
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Thomson, Sue. PISA 2018: Australia in Focus Number 1: Academic resilience among Australian students. Australian Council for Educational Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-624-6.

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Socioeconomically disadvantaged students (i.e. those whose scores on a constructed measure of social and cultural capital are below a specified cut-off, usually the 25th percentile) have been found to be more likely to drop out of school, repeat a grade, achieve lower levels at senior secondary school, and score lower on tests such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Despite this association between socioeconomic disadvantage and poorer outcomes related to education, a percentage of students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds enjoy success at school. This apparent success despite the odds is of interest to researchers and educators alike – what, if any, characteristics do these academically resilient students share, why might this be and what can we learn from this group of students, however small, that might assist in improving outcomes for all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background?
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Keinan, Ehud. Asian Chemists speak with one voice. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00001.

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Dear Reader, the newly born AsiaChem magazine echoes the voice of the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS). We believe that this biannual, free-access magazine will attract worldwide attention because it comprises diverse articles on cutting-edge science, history, essays, interviews, and anything that would interest the broad readership within the chemical sciences. All articles are authored by scientists who were born in Asian countries or actively working in Asia. Thus, eight FACS countries, including Australia, China, India, Israel, Jordan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey, are represented in this inaugural issue.
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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.

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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.
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