Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interdependency management'
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Kurzac, Karolina, and Christoph Heurich. "Connecting Project Interdependency Management to Dynamic Capabilities : Police Scotland’s Transformation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98804.
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This study investigates the relationship between the three levels of dynamic capabilities and the two most prominent project interdependencies, by comparing the practises of an organisation in a single case study. An understanding of organisational change capacity in terms of dynamic capabilities (DC) is widely accepted in academic literature. Likewise, project management literature agrees that multiple projects that serve to implement change may interact amongst one another resulting in increased or decreased benefits compared to individual project execution. The study explores the so far neglected gap between these two areas. This study follows an inductive path of a single case study, as the authors investigate the case of the transformation of service of Police Scotland. This organisation is unique, as it exhibits a far above average use of project (inter-) dependency management, specifically created for this situation of change. Semi-structured interviews of ten organisational members with different perspectives, roles, and experiences was employed to gain a full understanding of this complex situation and answer questions as to the “how” and “why”. This study revealed that there exists a connection. It has found practises, which the organisation specifically employs to combine interdependency management and dynamic capabilities. The study also found there to be a distinct pattern that links knowledge interdependencies to first and partially to third level DC, and resource interdependencies to second and third level DC. This investigation also contributes to the understanding of the resource and knowledge based view of the organisation, by expanding the criticism of the former and establishing the use of the latter.
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Faraji, Mahdi. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF INTERDEPENDENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160998.
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Farag, Mohamed S. "Development of Resilient Safety-Critical Systems in Healthcare Using Interdependency Analysis and Resilience Design Patterns." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981524.
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In the U.S. medical sector, software failures in safety-critical systems in healthcare have led to serious adverse health problems, including patient deaths and recalls of medical systems. Despite the efforts in developing techniques to build resilient systems, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of resilience metrics and a limited number of quantitative analysis approaches. In addition, there is insufficient guidance on evaluating resilience design patterns and the value they can bring to safety-critical systems.
This research employed the interdependency analysis framework to evaluate the static resilience of safety-critical systems used in the healthcare field and identified software subsystems that are vulnerable to failures. Resilience design patterns were first implemented to these subsystems to improve their ability to withstand failures. This implementation was followed by an evaluation to determine the overall impacts on system’s static resilience.
The methodology used a common medical system structure that collects common attributes from various medical devices and reflects major functionalities offered by multiple medical systems. Fault tree analysis and Bayesian analysis were used to evaluate the static resilience aspects of medical safety-critical systems, and two design patterns were evaluated within the praxis context: Monitoring and N-modular redundancy resilience patterns.
The results ultimately showed that resilience design patterns improve the static resilience of safety-critical systems significantly. While this research suggests the importance of resilience design patterns, this study was limited to explore the impact of structural resilience patterns on static resilience. Thus, to evaluate the overall resilience of the system, more research is needed to evaluate dynamic resilience in addition to studying the impact of different types of resilience design patterns.
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Tasevska, Frosina, and Olga Toropova. "Management of Project Interdependencies in a Project Portfolio." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85147.
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In the contemporary business environment multiple projects are a common way of organising work and they are usually implemented and managed as a portfolio of projects. It is widely recognised that effective project portfolio management delivers a range of strategic benefits and significantly contributes to overall organisational success. However, project portfolio management is acknowledged by both theory and practice to be a highly challenging task which is even amplified by the presence of project interdependencies. Managing project interdependencies is found to be an area of weakness for contemporary portfolio management, which so far remains under investigated but emergent field within general portfolio management theory. Therefore this study presents an empirical investigation that aims to uncover why and how organisations from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry manage project interdependencies. In order to answer why organisations manage project interdependencies the study examines the benefits of project interdependency management, the negative effects of failed project interdependency management and the related challenges. In order to investigate how project interdependencies are managed this study focuses on the hard and soft practices that portfolio practitioners use. The study is based on cross-case analysis of two case organisations operating within the ICT industry in Italy. The ICT is chosen as an excellent ground for studying project interdependency management since it is of significant importance for the contemporary world’s economy where project and portfolio management is practiced intensively. Qualitative data is collected via semi-structure interviews. The key findings apply to both case organisations demonstrating their similar reasons and manner of managing project interdependencies. The research findings show that there are various types of project interdependencies in the project portfolios that practitioners need to account for and that effective management of these interdependencies delivers significant benefits contributing to the portfolio success, while failed interdependency management distorts the portfolio success. The study indicates potential challenges that project interdependency management may encounter and confirms that comprehensive consideration of project interdependencies is a rather complex task within a project portfolio management. In order to manage issues arising from interdependent projects and leverage related benefits, organisations implement the following hard practices: web application platforms and tracking tools; and soft practices: formal and informal PM meetings, creation of a cooperative culture, leadership, negotiation and convincing and sacred cow. These practices are examined along with their benefits, limitations and context of their application. Although both hard and soft practices are found to be important in the case organisations, the preference is given to soft ones, mainly because of the benefits that soft practices offer over hard ones and the fact that the indicated hard practices allow only identification of project interdependencies, but do not provide managerial solutions per se. Therefore similar organisations operating within ICT industry may find it useful to devote attention to soft practices as they are found to be a prevailing mechanism for managing project interdependencies. The combination of hard and soft practices can also be seen beneficial for realisation of effective project interdependency management.
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Ewing, Per. "Ekonomisk styrning av enheter med inbördes verksamhetssamband." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Redovisning och Finansiering (B), 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-904.
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Under senare år har frågor om delegering och självständighet ofta stått i centrum för styrsammanhang. Inom de flesta företag finns emellertid också en typ av enheter där behovet av samordning dem emellan är viktigt. Ett tydligt exempel är samordningsbehovet mellan en produktionsenhet och en försäljningsenhet som tillsammans ansvarar för samma produkt. Denna studie visar dels hur man mer utförligt kan beskriva verksamhetssambanden mellan enheter, dels hur ekonomisk styrning sker i några företag där sådana samband föreligger. När styrningen i företagen studeras är ett av syftena att se hur ekonomisk styrning samverkar med andra styrinstrument och vilka effekter detta kan leda till.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.
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Mammadova, Khuraman, and Bekzat Musrepova. "Relationships between Project Interdependencies, Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Transfer : An explanatory study of the visual management tools in European companies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118517.
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The number of project-based organizations is increasing every year; this increase indicates the need to understand the complexities and ascertain the best ways of managing them. In these organizations, where the multi-project complex environment is dominant, one of the main challenges is dealing with project interdependencies. Interdependency relationships among the projects can be better understood and managed if appropriate tools and techniques are used efficiently. Thus, the ultimate goal of this study is to investigate and evaluate the best methods practiced by project-based organizations to effectively manage the interdependencies among the projects and suggest a new approach to view and understand those relationships better. A number of past researches have emphasized that effective project interdependency management results in an increase of the project and portfolio success. This research examines and explainsthe impacts of knowledge creation and knowledge transfer on interdependency management and vice-versa, by reviewing the existing literature and collecting data through multi-method qualitative study. In addition, the role of visual interdependency management and visual knowledge management tools are analyzed and compared, with the purpose of filling the gaps in the currently available literature, and investigating their moderating effects on interdependency management. Previous studies have found supporting evidence for the impacts of project interdependency management, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer on project success and organizational performance. However, there is no research targeted on how project interdependencies interact with knowledge creation and knowledge transfer. In order to investigate these interactions four project-based organizations from IT, multinational event management and consulting areas are involved in the semi-structured interviews. Additionally, as a part of qualitative study, questionnaires were undertaken to get access to valuable insights into the project and portfolio managers’ experience in dealing with interdependencies among the projects in the selected cases. The study is explanatory, cross- sectional in nature and takes a mixed approach to theory. The findings showed the presence of mutual impacts between knowledge creation, knowledge transfer processes and project interdependencies. The results revealed that the visual knowledge management tools, which are employed for the knowledge management, are beneficial in terms of project interdependency management as well. The visual interdependency management tools that are separately discussed in the existing literature, were found to be suitable for the knowledge management practices. Thus, it was found reasonable to integrate the visual interdependency management tools into the knowledge management area. As a result, these tools altogether serve to the efficient project interdependency management and lead to more successful project outcomes, which affect the organization’s performance as well.
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Garbanovas, Gintautas. "Bank value and risk's portfolio interdependence and management." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101221_114433-10503.
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The main idea of current PhD thesis is the analysis of bank value and risk interdependence, and that bank value is conected with bank activity riskiness on consistent pattern and that this dependency is advisable to measure on probability basis with simulation modeling. In the work are presented systemic view of risk, risk sorts, risk management including cash flow risk management and credit risk management, bank value and valuation methodology, modeling and use in practical tasks.Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos banko vertės ir rizikos sąveikos problemos, ginama tezė, kad banko vertė susijusi su banko veiklos rizikų portfeliu dėsningai ir kad šią priklausomybę tikslinga matuoti per tikimybės ir patikimumo prizmes imitavimo būdu. Darbe pateikiamas susistemintas požiūris į riziką, jos rūšis, rizikos valdymą išskiriant pinigų srautų rizikos valdymą bei kredito rizikos val-dymą atskirai, bei į banko vertę ir banko vertinimo metodologiją, modeliavimą, jų taikymą praktikoje.
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Dickinson, Michael W. (Michael William) 1964. "Technology portfolio management : optimizing interdependent projects over multiple time periods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80491.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
by Michael W. Dickinson.
S.M.
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Houghton, James P. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Interdependent diffusion : the social contagion of interacting beliefs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129089.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
A common simplifying assumption in theories of social contagion is that ideas or beliefs spread from person to person in a social network without regard to other ideas or beliefs that spread concurrently. This assumption is both useful and generative, as it allows researchers to produce tractable models of the effects of network structure and social reinforcement on diffusion patterns. Unfortunately, the social contagion of multiple beliefs cannot be understood by linearly superimposing the results of independent contagion processes. Any decision that a human makes to adopt an idea or belief is influenced by the other ideas and beliefs that she already holds. This dissertation shows that interdependence between beliefs alters the progress of social contagion to create internally-consistent clusters of beliefs within subsets of the population (worldviews) and contributes to polarization. The first paper of this dissertation comprises a method for observing the evolution of broadly-held structures of beliefs. The paper uses a case study with social media data to demonstrate the clustering of beliefs that emerges due to their mutual interaction. The second paper introduces a formal theory of interdependent diffusion which attempts to explain the mechanisms by which micro-scale interactions between beliefs lead to macro-scale outcomes for societies. The third paper reports an online laboratory experiment to test whether the predicted theoretical outcomes hold when the decision rules of simulated agents are replaced with actual human actors exchanging actual information.
by James Houghton.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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WU, Xinru. "Goal interdependence and conflict management for government and business collaboration in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2010. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/3.
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This study empirically examines the dynamics and conditions of conflict managing approaches on government and business collaboration. It posits that conflict for mutual benefit critically effects government and business collaboration outcomes. This study adopts Deutsch’s (1973) theory of goal interdependence to understand when and how government officials and business managers adopt the mutually beneficial conflict approach. It proposes that cooperative goals between government officials and business managers promote the mutually beneficial conflict approach and reduce win-lose competitive conflict and avoiding conflict.
A total of 101 interviews were conducted in China in 2009. Results of structural equation modeling and other analyses support several of hypotheses as well the proposed theoretical model that goal interdependence affects different conflict approaches (conflict for mutual benefit, win-lose competitive conflict and avoiding conflict) that in turn influence government and business collaboration outcomes, specifically task accomplishment, future collaboration and public interest. It identifies that conflict for mutual benefit approach taken by government officials and business managers can promote task accomplishment, future collaboration and public interest. Path estimates show that avoiding conflict can undermine task accomplishment and public interest. But results indicate that win-lose competitive conflict approach does not necessarily undermine task accomplishment, future collaboration, and the public interest as expected. Findings suggest important practical implications that government officials and business managers can improve their collaboration in China by strengthening their cooperative goals and discussing conflicts for mutual benefit. The study contributes to the conflict management literature as well as the generalization of goal interdependence theory.
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Li, Yuzhu. "MANAGING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2149.
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Multiple related software development projects are often managed concurrently and systematically to deliver a complex software system. This approach of managing multiple interdependent projects together to achieve a common goal is called program management (Pellegrinelli, 1997). A software development program can generate the benefits that cannot be achieved by managing projects individually. The software product development program has the special characteristics such as complexity, uncertainty and interdependence (1995). A software product development program can play an active role in managing the uncertainty and interdependence in the software development process. This dissertation is designed to examine the external communication effectiveness of the program team on the interdependence between the program and the larger organizational context. In addition, this dissertation studies the inter-project coordination effectiveness on uncertainty within a program. Based upon organizational Information Processing Theory (IPT) and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), theoretical frameworks are developed. The proposed research models are tested by surveying software product development programs across a range of industries. The results will contribute to the understanding of multiple-project communication in a program's context. The specific interactions between coordination/communication and the product development characteristics will provide a guideline for the industrial practices.Ph.D.
Department of Management Information Systems
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD
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LU, Jiewei Antonia. "Open-minded discussion in interdepartmental collaboration : contribution of goal interdependence and social motives." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2014. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/25.
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Combining theories of social motives, goal interdependence, and conflict management, this study theorized a model in which interdepartmental goal interdependence affects conflict outcomes between different departments through open-minded discussion dynamics adopted by employees from different departments in the organization. This study also proposes that social motives moderate the link between inter-departmental goal interdependence and open-minded discussion.
A sample of 133 employees from different business organizations in China were interviewed to recall a critical incident when they had a conflict with their coworker from different departments. SEM results and other analysis results support the hypotheses that cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence and competitive goal interdependence are antecedents to employees engaging in open-minded discussion in the context of interdepartmental collaboration, and that open-minded discussion in turn influences conflict outcomes, i.e. task accomplishment, relationship strengthening, and future collaboration. Results further suggest that employee’s pro-social motive moderates the relationship between competitive goal interdependence and open-minded discussion, and that proself motive moderates the relationship between cooperative goal interdependence and open-minded discussion.
Findings also suggest that practitioners promote effective interdepartmental collaboration by strengthening their prosocial motive when perceiving competitive goal and proself motive when perceiving cooperative goal, setting cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence, and handling conflict through open-minded discussion. The study contributes to conflict management literature as well as the goal interdependence theory in the organizational behavior literatures.
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Osoble, Bashir Nur. "The interdependence between the US and emerging markets' industry sectors : time varying, linear and nonlinear assessments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359885/.
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The analysis of the interdependence between international equity markets has been a key issue in international finance as it has important practical implications for asset allocations, risk management, and economic policy. The objective of this thesis is to re-examine the interdependence amongst international equity markets at the industry sector level. In particular, the thesis investigates time varying, long run and short run dynamic relationships between industry sectors of the United States of America and three leading emerging markets/countries: Brazil, Malaysia, and South Africa between January, 2000 and December, 2009. The thesis advances previous studies on international industry sector relationships in three specific aspects. Firstly, it examines a large number of heterogeneous industry sectors from the global economy. Secondly, existing empirical studies in this area need to be updated to include the recent turbulent global economic and financial crisis period. Thirdly, the thesis offers a deeper analysis into the intra-industry sector interdependence than previously presented. Such analysis has important implications for international diversification strategies. A crucial empirical contribution of the study is by applying liner and non liner econometric time series techniques for the evaluation for long run global relationships and causality linkages, including testing for asymmetric causality relations both in linear and nonlinear settings. This thesis also represents [to the best of my knowledge] the first study that extensively considers time-varying relationships amongst international industry sectors by examining time varying correlations and beta stability, as well as time varying cointegration and causality relationships. Another empirical motivation of this thesis is the need to extend existing empirical studies on industry sectors by examining the impact of the recent economic and financial crisis period. Specifically, the thesis investigates the shifts in cross correlations and the dynamic causality linkages between the US and emerging markets' industry sectors before and during the 2007-2009 economic and financial crisis. The initial exploratory analysis of the return cross-correlations indicate that, though small or in a moderate range, the existence of co-movements amongst international industry sectors as all correlations coefficients are positive and significant at the one per cent level. The results for long run relationships provided by linear (without seasonal dummies) and nonlinear cointegration tests show no significant evidence of cointegration relations between the US and the emerging markets industrial sectors. Similarly, the results of the dynamic causality linkages, between the US and emerging markets industrial sectors indicate, there exist some significant short-run causal linkages (linear and nonlinear) between these markets' industry sectors, weak linkages. Overall, the results of time varying analysis indicate unstable relationships between the returns of US and the emerging economies' industry sectors over the sample period. The empirical results of crisis suggest increased cross correlations and causality relationships among the industry sectors of US and the emerging markets under study during the crisis of the sample period than pre-crisis period of the same sample. In summary, the empirical results of the research indicate relatively weak interdependence between the US and the emerging markets industry sectors, which suggest potential diversification benefits for US investors in diversifying their portfolio investment across industrial sectors of the emerging markets.
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Grandt, Margarete [Verfasser]. "Teamzusammensetzung und interdependente Koordinationsformen unter kritischen Handlungsbedingungen / Margarete Grandt." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069044555/34.
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Kyte, Tobin Bruce. "Crew resource management training's effect on railroad crews' perceptions of task interdependence and teamwork." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86059.
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The accuracy and similarity of team members' perceptions regarding the
interdependencies of their task as well as the criticality of teamwork behaviors is
essential to team performance. Unfortunately, these perceptions are not always accurate
or similar, which has led to calls for research evaluating the effectiveness of
interventions aimed at improving these perceptions. The present study evaluated the
accuracy and similarity of crew members' perceptions of task interdependence and
teamwork in the U.S. railroad industry. Specifically, this study assessed (1) the effect of
Crew Resource Management (CRM) training on the accuracy and similarity of
locomotive and maintenance of way (MOW) crew members' perceptions and (2), the
extent to which the accuracy and similarity of those perceptions are retained 2-years
after training.
The overall results of the present study suggests that CRM training is effective in
increasing the accuracy and similarity of crew members' perceptions of team-relatedness
(amount of task interdependence) and perceptions regarding the importance of teamwork. However, the effectiveness is often dependent on the metric used (i.e.,
accuracy vs. similarity), and the specific characteristics of the crew members (i.e.,
locomotive vs. MOW, higher vs. lower interpositional experience). Furthermore, the
results suggest that training did not increase the accuracy or similarity of crew members' perceptions of team workflow pattern (form of task interdependence). Lastly, a small
sample size and low power precluded the running of quantitative statistical analysis
assessing the long-term retention of the accuracy and similarity of participants' perceptions of task interdependence or teamwork. However, for the sake of
completeness, the means, standard deviations, and effect sizes are presented in the
Appendix.
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Wratschko, Katharina. "Strategic orientation and alliance portfolio configuration the interdependence of strategy and alliance portfolio management." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/99336697X/04.
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Wratschko, Katharina Speckbacher Gerhard. "Strategic orientation and alliance portfolio configuration the interdependence of strategy and alliance portfolio management /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2009.
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WANG, Liyan. "Effects of goal interdependence and social identity on departments and their relationships in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/20.
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Synergy among departments is increasingly considered vital for organizations to use their full resources to deal with threats and explore opportunities in the rapidly changing marketplace. Although valuable, developing synergy among departments is a difficult management challenge.
Departments within organizations often have their own business goals, yet the coordination of these goals is a precondition for overall organizational effectiveness. The need for goal coordination makes departments interdependent (Thompson, 1967), but this interdependence may become particularly problematic when the different departmental goals are incompatible (St. John & Hall, 1991).
Because of the value of cooperative goals for coordination, managers want to understand the conditions that lead people to believe their interests are basically positively associated in an organizational setting. In this study, we explore what factors increase the likelihood of having broad role identities, in which employees not only care for the goals characteristic of their own department, but also for goals of other departments.
This gives rise to the question of not whether, but under what circumstances, departments develop organizational cohesion. That is the key question that must be approached by theories of intergroup relations in order to successfully understand the dynamics of interdepartmental coordination, cooperation, and conjunction. In this study, we propose that the degree to which people have concern for the organizational goals is partly rooted in interdepartmental goal interdependence.
This study assumes that high departmental and interdepartmental effectiveness will be promoted by constructive cooperation between departments within organizations. In doing so, we connect the theory of cooperation and competition and social identity theory to test what interdepartmental structures will improve organizational effectiveness. Accordingly, we consider a congregation of structures by which coordination between departments can be managed.
The study suggests that interdepartmental relationships are influenced or determined by contextual structures, especially task interdependence, shared rewards, and interdepartmental groups, operating first upon goal interdependence and social identity, with the effects on the interdepartmental coordination as subsequent outcomes.
In practice, if each group were producing its own product or service, there might be little need for significant intergroup coordination. In most cases, however, identifiable groups in organizations are producing only a segment of the organization’s product or service. Coordination between such groups is a necessity. As professional firms that provide multiple services are well suited to exploring interdepartmental relationships (Tomasic, 1991; Eccles and Crane, 1988), this study collected the questionnaires from financial companies in mainland China.
As a result, we found that three factors promoted effective interdepartmental coordination and thus high organizational performance. First, coordination will be more effective if there are compatible or cooperative goals between departments. Second, coordination will be more effective if the departments are addressed and rewarded on over-all performance measures embracing the activities of the several departments. Third, interdepartmental coordination will be more effectively achieved and over-all organizational performance will be higher to the extent that departments have salient organizational identities rather than departmental identities.
This research has both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, this study provides a test of whether interdepartmental structures promote synergy in financial companies in China. This study adds to research on cooperation and competition by identifying the interdepartmental structures as important antecedents to goal interdependence. This study adds to research on social identities by identifying the interdepartmental structures such as motivational and affective antecedents to organizational identities. This study also adds to research on intergroup relationships by developing the model to enhance the coordination relations among formal departments in organizations.
Practically, this study has implications for developing interdepartmental relationships in the company, especially in those financial companies in mainland China; this study also provides empirical evidence of the utility of the interdepartmental structures and suggests that cooperative goals and organizational identity mediate their effects on organizational effectiveness.
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CHEN, Yi Feng Nancy. "Goal interdependence and leader-member relationship for cross-cultural leadership in foreign ventures in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/21.
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This study empirically examines the impact of goal interdependence and leader-member relationship on cross-cultural leadership in joint ventures in China. Its two research questions are how to facilitate leader-member relationships between foreign managers and Chinese employees in joint ventures in China, and how foreign managers and Chinese employees can develop cooperative goals in Chinese contexts.
Four hypotheses were generated. Hypothesis 1 examined the effects of leader-member relationship between foreign managers and Chinese employees on cross-cultural leadership. Hypothesis 2 studied the impacts of different goal interdependence on the leader-member relationship between foreign managers and Chinese employees. Hypothesis 3 and 4 investigated how foreign managers can make use of the basic elements of Chinese guanxi value to develop cooperative goal interdependence with Chinese employees.
This study applies the theory of cooperation and competition and the theory of LMX to develop responses to the research questions. We used different methods for different research questions. To answer the first research question, we used a survey to collect data for the first two hypotheses. Completed survey questionnaires were analyzed on a valid sample of 199. To answer the second research question, we conducted a 2x3 experiment with 120 participants to test hypothesis 3 and 4.
Results of our survey study supported the theorizing that cooperative goals between managers and employees can strengthen their leader-member relationships, which in turn facilitate cross-cultural leadership. Our results also extended this theorizing to cross-cultural settings. Findings suggested that although the theory of cooperation and competition and the theory of LMX were developed in the West, they could be useful in Chinese contexts for understanding cross-cultural leadership. Results of our experiment indicated that communicating warm-heartedness rather than indifference, and structuring mutual rather than independent or comparative rewards, helped foreign managers develop cooperative goals, strong leader-member relationships with their Chinese employees and facilitated their leadership.
In summary, this study demonstrates that cooperative goals and strong leader-member relationship promote productive cross-cultural leadership in joint ventures in China. Foreign managers can use basic elements of Chinese guanxi value to develop cooperative goals and quality leader-member relationship for effective cross-cultural leadership in Chinese contexts.
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Franklin, Sara. "How to handle deviations caused by unit interdependence : A case study at Scania CV." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100870.
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Purpose The thesis purpose is to contribute with understanding about managers’ opinions about how to handle deviations caused by unit interdependence. Methodology Qualitative data has been gathered to this exploratory study by semi-structured interviews with 14 managers within the R&D, purchasing and production units at Scania, Södertälje. The result has been interpreted and analyzed by dividing the managers in five smaller groups. Result from analyzing empirical findings It is found in the analysis that the largest part of the managers in this study seem not to believe it is worth striving for excellence through procedural justice. Reoccurring similarities in opinion between managers is that visualization, dialogue, clear responsibility and less tolerance towards deviations are needed for handling and preventing deviations. Differences in opinion are primarily related to how costs occurred from deviations should be allocated and the purpose with such reallocation. Most managers express a strong concern about undesired behavior developed by a control system where a causing unit always should take the effect from a deviation. However, all managers state that costs occurred from deviations due to interdependence with a external supplier should be invoiced to the supplier. Conclusion The concern about undesired behavior that may be developed by the way of handling and preventing deviation is strongly mediated by the managers. Instead of handling deviations by justly reallocating effects according to the controllability principle it is perceived as more important to extend the areas of responsibility and increase consciousness between interdependent units through improved dialogue and cross-functional transparency. One should therefore not seek equitable allocation of impacts and cost of devices in dealing with anomalies of this type.
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Chugh, Samarth. "Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands : simulation of proposed policies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54870.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-94).
The finished goods inventory management in the accessories area of a material testing company is complex. There is interdependence between the demands of products and they can be sold both as part of systems and as individual after sales items. Besides, there is uncertainty in determining replenishment lead times. An optimization problem is formulated considering customer satisfaction, inventory holding costs and correlation between demands. To ascertain its validity, a discrete event simulation is executed over historical demand. Simulation also helps to check the solution robustness by executing the proposed inventory levels over statistically generated demands. The result provides the right mix of finished products which should be stored on the shelves. 90% reduction in lost sales and 35% in inventory value on hand have been projected. The results have been further implemented at the part level inventory.
by Samarth Chugh.
M.Eng.
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LU, Changhong. "Socialization tactics as antecedents for goal interdependence and newcomer adjustment and retention." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2012. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/22.
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Serial (providing newcomer role models) and investiture (providing newcomer positive social support) tactics have been demonstrated as the most important predictors for newcomer adjustment. This study empirically examines the dynamics of serial and investiture tactics on newcomer adjustment and retention. It posits that goal interdependence between new recruits and their teams critically affects new recruits adjustment outcomes. This study adopts Deutsch’s theory of goal interdependence to understand when newcomers develop cooperative goal interdependence with their teams. It argues that serial and investiture tactics promote cooperative goal interdependence and reduce competitive goal and independent goal relationships and thereby result in newcomer adjustment and retention.
A total of 102 interviews of specific incidents were conducted in Mainland China in 2011. Structural equation results support several hypotheses as well as the hypothesized model that serial and investiture tactics used by working teams are antecedents to goal interdependence between new recruits and their teams and that goal interdependence in turn influences adjustment outcomes, especially, newcomer affective attitudes as organizational commitment and job satisfaction, intention to quit, and co-worker relationship. It identifies that cooperative goal interdependence promotes positive attitudes and strong co-worker relationship and competitive goal interdependence and independent goal relationship result in low affective attitudes and high intention to quit. It demonstrates that serial and investiture tactics promote cooperative goal interdependence and undermine competitive goal and independent goal relationships. Findings suggest important practical implications. Organizations can help new recruits adjust and remain by strengthening cooperative goal interdependence between them and their teams. Providing role models and positive social support are important ways to induce cooperative goal interdependence. This study contributes to the socialization tactics literature as well as the theory of goal interdependence and to their integration.
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Carlotti, Lucia. "Studio e analisi di problematiche di interdependent privacy online." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17646/.
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Questa tesi tratta il tema dell'Interdependent Privacy, ovvero di come la nostra privacy sia influenzata anche delle azioni e dai comportamenti altrui. Si analizzano in particolare i contenuti divulgati da noi stessi e dagli altri nei social network, i permessi che gli sviluppatori richiedono con l'installazione di app di terze parti, i rischi alla privacy legati alle informazioni sulla posizione ed infine l'influenza dei collaboratori nelle app che si appoggiano a servizi di cloud.
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Ellström, Daniel. "Supplier Integration in Category Management : A case study of the situational impact on relationship performance and interdependence." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121511.
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Supplier integration in category management means that a supplier takes part in the activities that are traditionally performed by retailers. These activities are the selection of which products to sell, decisions on how to price and market the products, and making sure that the products are delivered to the stores in a timely manner. Depending on the situation, an integration of suppliers in these activities can be more or less suitable. As more research is needed to understand when supplier integration in category management is suitable, the purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze how situational factors affect the relationship consequences of supplier integration in category management. Specifically, the relationship consequences are expressed in terms of relationship performance and interdependence between the firms. The study builds on empirical data about British and Swedish builders’ merchants and their suppliers, with a particular focus on timber suppliers. Data has mainly been collected through participative observations and interviews. Five situational factors that improve the relationship performance of supplier integration in category management are identified: large retailer firms, supplier product knowledge, homogeneity of market demands for the supplier’s products, mutual trust and a shared view on customer value between the supplier and retailer. Three situational factors are identified that affect the interdependence between the retailer and the supplier when supplier integration in category management is implemented: supplier product knowledge, whether the supplier or the retailer initiates the integration and whether coercive or non-coercive power has to be used in the implementation. This thesis contributes to retail literature by highlighting the need to include situational factors in the analysis of supplier integration, clarifying which activities are comprised by category management and suggesting a theoretical foundation based on the resource-based view and the transaction cost framework to analyse relationship performance in retailer-supplier dyads. When making decisions on integration, managers of retailers and their suppliers are advised to consider the fit with their overall strategy, the fit with the surrounding situation and the effects both in terms of interdependence and relationship performance.
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Nichols, Nancy Brown. "Earnings Management and the Independence or Interdependence of Accounting Choices: the Decision to Adopt Mandated Accounting Changes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277774/.
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This research examines whether firms managed earnings in the year they adopted SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (or its predecessor SFAS 96), by combining the choice to adopt SFAS 109 with other accounting choices in an interdependent rather than independent manner. Prior literature generally analyzes only one specific accounting choice, assuming that the decision is independent of other accounting procedure choices. However, it is unlikely that managers act in this manner. When attempting to achieve certain income goals, managers have numerous accounting tools available to them including the choice of accounting procedures and the exercise of judgment as to accrual amounts. This study investigates five choices consisting of: (1) the adoption of SFAS 109/96; (2) the adoption of SFAS 106; (3) the reporting of a restructuring of operations and/or a write-down of assets; (4) the reporting of asset sales; and (5) the choice of discretionary accruals.
The study adopts both a portfolio and joint decision approach. The portfolio approach combines the earnings effects of the five choices into a single dependent variable and tests income smoothing, big bath, and debt hypotheses. The joint decision approach utilizes simultaneous equation methodology to investigate the interdependence of the five choices and the independent variables.
The portfolio approach findings provide evidence that firms used the combined effect of the five accounting choices to smooth income in the year they adopted FAS 109/96. The results also provide support for the debt hypothesis but do not support the big bath hypothesis. The joint decision approach findings provide evidence that firms jointly determined at least two of the five accounting choices. The strong support for the income smoothing hypothesis under the portfolio approach combined with the joint significance of the individual accounting choices in the simultaneous equations suggests that firms use a multitude of accounting choices to manage earnings and that some of those decisions are made jointly, not independently.
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Kastner, Scott L. "Commerce in the shadow of conflict : domestic politics and the relationship between international conflict and economic interdependence /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3089468.
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Qazi, Abroon. "Supply chain risk management : exploring an integrated process for managing interdependent risks and risk mitigation strategies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27944.
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The goal of this research is to investigate interdependency modelling of supply chain risks, and to develop and empirically evaluate a supply chain risk management process that not only integrates all stages of the process but also captures interdependencies between risks and risk mitigation strategies. The proposed process is tailored to the risk management needs of both conventional and project driven supply chains. Project driven supply chains necessitate experimenting untested (unique) strategies depending on the level of project complexity whereas in the case of conventional supply chains, there is generally a consensus in establishing interdependencies between risks and the efficacy of strategies. A systematic literature review methodology was employed to identify research gaps and establish the research agenda. In order to gain an insight into industrial practice, empirical research was conducted in South Australia involving semi-structured interviews with experts in project risk management that resulted in the development of a project complexity and risk management (ProCRiM) process. The research gaps identified and the findings of the empirical research helped in developing dependency based probabilistic supply chain risk measures that can be readily used for assessing and managing risks associated with global supply chains. In order to capture interdependencies between supply chain risks, strategies and performance measures, two case studies were conducted in reputed supply chains involving semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions that resulted in the development of two risk management frameworks: an adapted version of ProCRiM applicable to project driven supply chains and a framework specific to conventional supply chains. The research also focused on investigating the merits and challenges associated with implementing the proposed process. In order to capture the risk appetite of a decision maker, a process namely supply chain risk network management is developed and illustrated through a simulation study.
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Schwaiger, Fabian [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Pretzsch, Thomas [Gutachter] Knoke, and Hans [Gutachter] Pretzsch. "Interdependence of adaptive forest management and ecosystem service provision / Fabian Schwaiger ; Gutachter: Thomas Knoke, Hans Pretzsch ; Betreuer: Hans Pretzsch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202922546/34.
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Palano, Diego. "Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands : finished goods requirements and raw materials control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55227.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86).
A product line, characterized by high level of customization, diversification and demand correlation between different finished goods products, requires increased efficiency and effectiveness. The product line, along with the intrinsic correlation, is modeled; the customer expectation is also analyzed. Based on these analyses, two inventory control frameworks are proposed: a fixed service level policy for the raw materials and an optimized policy for the finished goods. The optimal policy is validated using simulation. The proposed policies reduce the inventory value on hand for finished goods and raw materials by 35% and 30%, respectively, while at the same time optimizing the service levels.
by Diego Palano.
M.Eng.
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Simonds, Stacey D. "Effects of a multi-component interdependent group contingency game on the classroom behavior of typically developing elementary school children." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001682.
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Akhtar, Rehman. "Risk-Based Input-Output Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis of Hurricane Impacts on Interdependent Regional Workforce Systems." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3615694.
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Hurricanes have the potential to damage critical infrastructure systems, disrupt workforce and commodity flows, and can cause adverse socioeconomic impacts on the affected regions. Workforce disruptions in the aftermath of a hurricane can degrade regional productivity because the majority of business operations are labor-dependent. Furthermore, the recovery process is further exacerbated by the inherent interdependencies among economic sectors, which give rise to direct and indirect economic losses in the affected regional economy. This dissertation research extends the economic input-output (I-O) model to formulate a disaster recovery model for assessing the economic losses triggered by workforce disruptions. The research develops a risk-based framework that can guide the process of assessing and managing hurricane impacts on regional interdependent systems. Furthermore, this research presents an impact analysis model to assess the uncertainties associated with workforce recovery. The uncertainty in workforce disruptions is linked to hurricane intensity levels inducing a statistical dependence relationship between hurricane intensity and the recovery period estimates for each workforce sector. This research, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrates the first attempt to integrate such a statistical dependence relationship with an economic I-O modeling approach. Additionally, the resulting methodology is capable of identifying and prioritizing the most critical workforce sectors on the basis of economic loss and sector inoperability metrics. The identification of such critical sectors supports the decision-making process by narrowing the focus on sectors that incur the greatest production losses due to workforce unavailability.
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Eberhard, Klaus [Verfasser], Sascha L. [Gutachter] Schmidt, and Jochen [Gutachter] Menges. "Status dynamics and their effects on individual cooperation and performance in interdependent teams / Klaus Eberhard ; Gutachter: Sascha L. Schmidt, Jochen Menges." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1174586737/34.
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BAVIK, Yuen Lam Fanny. "Effects of goal interdependence on help-seeking through knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding : the moderating roles of reciprocity beliefs." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/26.
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The effects of goal interdependence on employees’ performance outcomes have been well documented in the literature. Yet, the relationship between goal interdependence and employees’ proactive behaviors remains largely unexplored. Integrating the theory of cooperation and competition with the employee proactivity literature, this study investigates how cooperative goal interdependence and competitive goal interdependence respectively influence employee knowledge sharing and knowledge hiding, and in turn shape their propensity to seek help from coworkers. It further examines reciprocity beliefs as an individual factor in affecting the indirect effect of goal interdependence on help seeking. Specifically, positive reciprocity belief is hypothesized to moderate the mediating role of knowledge sharing, whereas negative reciprocity belief is expected to moderate the mediating effect of knowledge hiding.
In Study 1, a total of 127 interviews were conducted with full-time employees working in professional service firms across four cities including Hong Kong, Macau, China and Taiwan. Results of structural equation modeling supported the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the relationship between cooperative goal interdependence and employee help seeking.
In Study 2, an experimental study was conducted with 150 full-time students at a university in Macau to replicate the findings in Study 1 and to test the moderation hypotheses. It yielded findings consistent with Study 1 and supportive of the moderating role of negative reciprocity belief in the mediated effect of goal interdependence on help seeking. Specifically, knowledge hiding mediates the relationship between competitive goal interdependence and help seeking, when an individual is high in negative reciprocity belief.
Findings of the two studies provide both theoretical contributions to the literature and practical insights to organizations. Cooperative goal interdependence is a valuable method for managers to promote knowledge sharing, inhibit knowledge hiding, and encourage active help seeking among employees.
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Facelli, Alberto. "Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands: global and decomposed optimization approaches for inventory control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55214.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-120).
In this work the management of a production system with a high mixture of products, interdependent demands and optional components is analyzed. An approach based on reorder point policy is proposed for both raw parts and finished goods inventory control. In the latter case, the solution of an optimization problem determines whether each product should be held in inventory and if so which safety factor z should be used. The choice of z, and as a consequence of the reorder level R, takes into consideration the demands interdependence, the customer's availability to buy if a certain waiting time is quoted to them and the fact that in a certain type of orders the optional components are required to ship. Global and decomposed optimization approaches are presented and compared. The decomposed approach is shown to achieve performances very close to the ones of the global optimization with much easier computations. By using the policy based on the decomposed optimization, it is possible to reduce simultaneously the value of the inventory and the expected number of lost sales as compared to a simple reorder point policy or to the policy currently in use at the company. A reduction of 35% of inventory and of almost 10 times of the average value of lost sales is expected if the company substitutes the current policy with the proposed one.
by Alberto Facelli.
M.Eng.
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WU, Lanjun. "Goal interdependencies and opportunism for supply chain partnership in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2008. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/4.
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The possibility of opportunistic behavior is an important barrier to the collaboration between partners in the supply chain as partners pursue their self-interests with guile. Opportunistic behavior threatens the partners’ relationships, influences their work accomplishment and prevents future collaboration. This study hypothesizes that opportunism is not just the result of people’s self-interests pursuit but depends on how they think their self-interests are related. Opportunism in organizational partnerships could be understood in terms of how partners perceive their goals are related to each other. When partners believe that their goals are competitively or dependently rather than cooperatively related, they are more likely to pursue their self-interests opportunistically.
Altogether 86 face-to-face interviews were carried out in Beijing, Nanchang and Guangzhou, China to explore the links and relations among goal interdependencies, opportunism and the outcomes. Participants who work in a supply chain partnership were asked to describe an incident regarding their collaboration with their partners. It included the people involved, the reasons, what occurred, and the consequences. Structural equation modeling explored the proposed model that goal interdependencies could affect the levels of opportunism and thus influence the partnerships. Results suggest that cooperative goals are important foundations for effective organizational partnerships.
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Duenas-Osorio, Leonardo Augusto. "Interdependent Response of Networked Systems to Natural Hazards and Intentional Disruptions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7546.
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Critical infrastructure systems are essential for the continuous functionality of modern global societies. Some examples of these systems include electric energy, potable water, oil and gas, telecommunications, and the internet. Different topologies underline the structure of these networked systems. Each topology (i.e., physical layout) conditions the way in which networks transmit and distribute their flow. Also, their ability to absorb unforeseen natural or intentional disruptions depends on complex relations between network topology and optimal flow patterns. Most of the current research on large networks is focused on understanding their properties using statistical physics, or on developing advanced models to capture network dynamics.
Despite these important research efforts, almost all studies concentrate on specific networks. This network-specific approach rules out a fundamental phenomenon that may jeopardize the performance predictions of current sophisticated models: network response is in general interdependent, and its performance is conditioned on the performance of additional interacting networks. Although there are recent conceptual advances in network interdependencies, current studies address the problem from a high-level point of view. For instance, they discuss the problem at the macro-level of interacting industries, or utilize economic input-output models to capture entire infrastructure interactions.
This study approaches the problem of network interdependence from a more fundamental level. It focuses on network topology, flow patterns within the networks, and optimal interdependent system performance. This approach also allows for probabilistic response characterization of interdependent networked systems when subjected to disturbances of internal nature (e.g., aging, malfunctioning) or disruptions of external nature (e.g., coordinated attacks, seismic hazards). The methods proposed in this study can identify the role that each network element has in maintaining interdependent network connectivity and optimal flow. This information is used in the selection of effective pre-disaster mitigation and post-disaster recovery actions. Results of this research also provide guides for growth of interacting infrastructure networks and reveal new areas for research on interdependent dynamics. Finally, the algorithmic structure of the proposed methods suggests straightforward implementation of interdependent analysis in advanced computer software applications for multi-hazard loss estimation.
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Bhana, Kamal. "Evaluating the impact of whole-class self-management and interdependent group contingency approaches on pupil engagement and disruptive behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/44943/.
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This study investigates the efficacy of two whole-class approaches to classroom management, self-management and interdependent group contingency, in a sample of 8-9 year olds in the UK. Phase A investigates which approach is most effective in reducing off-task and disruptive behaviours in target lessons, and in improving behaviour in general. Phase B investigates whether combining the approaches further reduces off-task and disruptive behaviour, and improves general behaviour. The research employed a quasi-experimental design. In Phase A, pupils were allocated to one of four conditions: self-management (n=30), interdependent group contingency (n=29), waitlist control receiving daily rule reminders (n=28), or a waitlist control who continued as usual (n=26). The approaches were delivered by class teachers over four-weeks. In Phase B, the class receiving self-management in Phase A, received interdependent group contingency as well, for a further four weeks. The waitlist control group continued as per Phase A. Pre- and post-test measures for both phases were obtained through structured observations of whole-class on-task, off-task and disruptive behaviours. Teachers also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for each pupil. Findings indicated that self-management and interdependent group contingency reduced off-task behaviour, however only interdependent group contingency reduced disruptive behaviour. Combining the approaches led to no further reductions in these behaviours. SDQ data suggested that self-management, either alone or combined with interdependent group contingency, had no significant impact on general behaviour. However, interdependent group contingency alone, appeared to lead to greater general behaviour concerns. The findings are reviewed in light of the literature with limitations acknowledged. Avenues for future research are also identified. In conclusion, this research presents tentative evidence supporting the efficacy of these individual approaches for off-task and/or disruptive behaviour. Findings that the combined approach is not efficacious and that neither approach improves general behaviour, should be interpreted cautiously given the study’s limitations.
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Coughlin, Cristy, and Cristy Coughlin. "Relative Effects of Delayed Versus Immediate Reinforcement Within an Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency System." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12396.
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The current study sought to add to the literature on applying interdependent group-oriented contingency systems with randomized components to academic performance. This study expanded previous work, which has only examined effects on elementary classrooms and students with disabilities, by implementing a similar intervention within a general education, secondary classroom. Given the restricted time that teachers have to learn and implement interventions, while simultaneously carrying out all their additional responsibilities in the classroom, it is necessary for school psychologists to consider these limitations when recommending interventions. In previous work involving interdependent group-oriented contingencies, the delivery of reinforcement has been relatively immediate. While this is an ideal arrangement, it may be infeasible for middle and high school teachers to ensure reinforcement of academic performance occurs immediately within the class period. This study examined whether the delivery of reinforcement can be delayed within an interdependent group-oriented contingency system and still improve the academic performance of students in the classroom, which will allow the teacher more time for evaluating the quality of student work and, in turn, impact the acceptability of the intervention.
One middle school, general education classroom served as the setting for this study. Academic performance data, including in-class work completion and accuracy rates, were collected class-wide and data on social behavior variables were gathered for 3 students exhibiting moderate to high levels of off-task behavior, based on teacher perception. An alternating treatments design was employed with two intervention conditions: one condition included immediate reinforcement and the other involved delivering reinforcement to students a day later. The interdependent group-oriented contingency intervention implemented included procedures for randomly selecting target behaviors, criteria, and reinforcers.
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Thacker, Scott. "Reducing the risk of failure in interdependent national infrastructure network systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:02e7313c-0967-47e3-becc-2e7da376f745.
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Infrastructure network systems support society and the economy by facilitating the distribution of essential services across broad spatial extents, at a range of scales. The complex and interdependent nature of these systems provides the conditions for which localised failures can dramatically cascade, resulting in disruptions that are widespread and very often unforeseen. This systemic vulnerability has been highlighted multiple times over the previous decades in infrastructures systems from around the world. In the future, the hazards to which infrastructure systems are exposed are set to grow with increasing extreme event risks caused by climate change. The aim of this thesis is to develop methodology and analysis for understanding and reducing the risk of failure of national interdependent infrastructure network systems. This study introduces multi-scale, system-of-systems based methodology and applied analysis that provides important new insights into interdependent infrastructure network risk and adaptation. Adopting a complex network based approach; real-world asset data is integrated from the energy, transport, water, waste and digital communications sectors to represent the physical interconnectivity that exists within and between interdependent infrastructure systems. Given the often limited scope of real-world datasets, an algorithm is presented that is used to synthesise missing network data, providing continuous network representations that preserve the most salient spatial and topological properties of real multi-level infrastructure systems. Using the resultant network representations, the criticality of individual assets is calculated by summing the direct and indirect customer disruptions that can occur in the event of failure. This is achieved by disrupting sets of functional service flow pathways that transcend sectorial and operational boundaries, providing long-range connectivity between service originating source nodes and customer allocated sink nodes. Kernel density estimation is used to integrate discrete asset criticality values into a continuous surface from which statistically significant infrastructure geographical criticality hotspots are identified. Finally, a business case is presented for investment in infrastructure adaptation, where adaptation costs are compared to the reduction in expected damages that arise from interdependency related failures over an assets lifetime. By representing physical and geographic interdependence at a range of scales, this analysis provides new evidence to inform the targeting of investments to reduce risks and enhance system resilience. It is concluded that the research presented within this thesis provides new theoretical insights and practical techniques for a range of academic, industrial and governmental infrastructure stakeholders, from the UK and beyond.
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ZHU, Taohong. "Conflict management between employees from different departments : contribution of organizational identification and controversy." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2013. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/24.
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Synthesizing theories of social identity, goal interdependence, and conflict management, this study built and tested a theoretical model in which interdepartmental goal interdependence affects conflict outcomes between different departments through constructive controversy (i.e. the open-minded discussion for mutual benefit) dynamics adopted by employees from different departments in the organization. This study also proposes that organizational identification moderates the link between interdepartmental goal interdependence and constructive controversy.
An interview sample of 129 employees from various business organizations and diverse industries in mainland China described and rated a critical incident when they had a conflict with their coworker from another department in the same organization. Results of the structural equations modeling and other analyses support the hypotheses and the hypothesized model that interdepartmental goal interdependence, specially, cooperative, competitive, and independent goals, are antecedents to employees between different departments engaging in constructive controversy and that constructive controversy in turn influences conflict outcomes, specifically, task accomplishment, employee intention to quit, and their intentions for future cooperation. Results further indicate that employee identification with the organization moderates the association of competitive interdepartmental goal interdependence with constructive controversy such that employees who identify strongly with the organization will be more likely to engage in open-minded discussion of controversy dynamics than employees who identify weakly with the organization. These results underline the positive role of employee organizational identification in conflict management, especially under competitive interdepartmental goals.
Findings suggest important practical implications that employees from different departments can improve their collaboration in Chinese organizations by strengthening their common organizational identification, setting cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence, and handling conflict through constructive controversy. The study contributes to the conflict management literature as well as the social identity theory in organizational behavior literature.
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Bell, Patrick M. "Development of Local Homeland Security Networks in the State of Florida: A Social Network Analysis Approach." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/574.
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How do local homeland security organizations respond to catastrophic events such as hurricanes and acts of terrorism? Among the most important aspects of this response are these organizations ability to adapt to the uncertain nature of these “focusing events” (Birkland 1997). They are often behind the curve, seeing response as a linear process, when in fact it is a complex, multifaceted process that requires understanding the interactions between the fiscal pressures facing local governments, the institutional pressures of working within a new regulatory framework and the political pressures of bringing together different levels of government with different perspectives and agendas.
This dissertation has focused on tracing the factors affecting the individuals and institutions planning, preparing, responding and recovering from natural and man-made disasters. Using social network analysis, my study analyzes the interactions between the individuals and institutions that respond to these “focusing events.” In practice, it is the combination of budgetary, institutional, and political pressures or constraints interacting with each other which resembles a Complex Adaptive System (CAS).
To investigate this system, my study evaluates the evolution of two separate sets of organizations composed of first responders (Fire Chiefs, Emergency Management Coordinators) and community volunteers organized in the state of Florida over the last fifteen years. Using a social network analysis approach, my dissertation analyzes the interactions between Citizen Corps Councils (CCCs) and Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) in the state of Florida from 1996- 2011. It is the pattern of interconnections that occur over time that are the focus of this study.
The social network analysis revealed an increase in the amount and density of connections between these organizations over the last fifteen years. The analysis also exposed the underlying patterns in these connections; that as the networks became more complex they also became more decentralized though not in any uniform manner. The present study brings to light a story of how communities have adapted to the ever changing circumstances that are sine qua non of natural and man-made disasters
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Ryser, Thomas Verfasser], Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] [Horz, and Dick Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] van. "Task interdependence as enabler in discerned team performance episodes effecting innovative outcomes in partially distributed global teams : a categorisation-elaboration perspective / Thomas Ryser. Betreuer: Holger Horz. Gutachter: Holger Horz ; Rolf van Dick." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098308395/34.
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Bretz, Karen Riggs Shelley Ann. "An actor-partner interdependence model of attachment processes, conflict resolution, and psychological abuse on relationship quality in a community sample of heterosexual couples." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9932.
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Nguyen, Thao T. "Self-constructions as mediating and additive effects on perceptions of conflict resolution strategies and relationship satisfaction interdependent and independent self-construals /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56194.pdf.
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Bretz, Karen. "An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model of Attachment Processes, Conflict Resolution, and Psychological Abuse on Relationship Quality in a Community Sample of Heterosexual Couples." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9932/.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether adult attachment style, psychological abuse in the marriage, conflict resolution strategies, and gender are associated with relational quality in childless couples in the early years of their marriage. Data were collected from 92 married couples who were recruited from university campuses, churches, and community organizations through e-mails, flyers, newspaper advertisements and mailings. Conceptualizing the interdependence of dyadic data from the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), multilevel linear modeling (MLM) was used to analyze differences within and between couples. It was hypothesized that higher levels of attachment anxiety or avoidance, psychological abuse, and maladaptive conflict resolution strategies would be associated with lower relational quality. Results indicated that attachment avoidance had stronger associations with relational quality than did attachment anxiety, and that higher levels of attachment avoidance were associated with lower relational quality. Additionally, findings indicated a direct negative relationship between both actor and partner psychological abuse and the actor's relational quality. The discussion section addresses strengths and limitations of the present study as well as directions for future research.
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Pierce, Meghan Elizabeth. "Individual and Holistic Information Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33192.
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Significant research in cultural psychology has underlined differences in Eastern and Western cultures. While differences in many cognitive domains have been examined, there is a gap in cross cultural research on information processing and integration. This research explores the effect of independent or interdependent thinking on how a subject processes information. It is hypothesized that subjects with an interdependent mindset will process information holistically and subjects in an independent context will process information individually, or with an attribute based approach.A preliminary study tested the averaging and additive effects of information processing and served as the foundation for two subsequent explorations. The first examined cultural differences in information processing through presenting subjects of different cultural backgrounds with presenter and evaluator situations.
In the second study, individualistic and collectivist priming methodology was used to prompt subjects' ability to process information individually or holistically. Established measures of religiosity and connectedness were examined as possible moderators of the relationship between self-construal and information integration. Results show that differences between subjects primed in the interdependent condition were moderated by religiosity. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed.
Master of Science
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Bradley, Bret Howard. "The bad apple spoils the bunch: how a disagreeable person damages team performance and what can be done about it." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/641.
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Teams are being used more in organizations to do important work. However, both positive and negative effects come with the increased use of teams. One problem is the "bad apple" effect where a highly disagreeable team mate, for example, damages team performance. This research aims to study how this person damages team performance and what can be done to minimize the negative impact. I propose that a disagreeable teammate negatively impacts team affective states which in turn give rise to defensive behaviors among teammates. These defensive behaviors impact team processes which in turn impact the team's performance. In addition, I propose that team interdependence moderates the impact of disagreeableness on teammate affective reactions such that teammates in less interdependent contexts will react less negatively to the "bad apple." I designed a 2x2 lab experiment with a confederate, or trained research participant, to test these hypotheses. I manipulated disagreeableness through the behaviors of the confederate and I manipulated interdependence through the information, goals, and rewards of the teams. Results support all the hypothesized relationships. Of note, I found that interdependence interacted with disagreeableness to predict team affective reactions as measured by salivary cortisol - a well established biomarker for affective reactions. I also found support for a mediating model using team core affect or affective culture mediating the impact of disagreeableness on team process. Finally, I found support for a mediated moderation model demonstrating that the moderation of interdependence and disagreeableness on team process was mediated by team cortisol. However, the impact on process was in the opposite direction than expected. Namely, that more interdependent teams had higher processes despite elevated cortisol levels indicating a negative affective, or stress reaction. This counterintuitive finding has implications for future research attempting to discover useful methods of minimizing the impact of a disagreeable teammate on the team.
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Serra, Maria Carolina. "Management of a high mix production system with interdependent demands : modeling of stochastic demands and the concept of virtual profit as a decomposition tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55228.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126).
An optimized framework for the inventory control of a high mix production system has been designed in order to guarantee the optimal mix of items in stock in presence of correlated demands. The Virtual Profit concept was developed to measure the criticality of an item in presence of correlated demands. The introduction of the Virtual Profit in the optimization problem allowed the problem to be decomposed and the optimal control parameters to be computed separately. Demands were modeled based on the stochastic properties of the historical demand so that simulations could be performed using statistically generated orders. The simulations provided a validation of the proposed technique showing that, with the same size of inventory, considering the Virtual Profits instead of the real profits improves the quality of the solution, especially when low levels of inventory are kept.
by Maria Carolina Serra.
M.Eng.
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Kilani, Meriam. "Multiple product-project decisions coordination support : application to oil and gas development projects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST027.
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Le défi majeur abordé dans cette recherche concerne la coordination de multiples décisions interdépendantes qui doivent être prises lors du projet, qu'elles soient techniques, financières ou contractuelles. Interdépendance signifie que prendre une décision sans tenir compte des impacts sur les autres décisions peut entraîner une sous-performance, voire des impasses, des itérations et des reprises. Pour surmonter ce défi, un processus de prise simultanée de décisions multiples a été proposé, en trois blocs : 1/ modélisation du réseau de décisions et formulation du problème multi-décisionnel ; 2/ structuration du problème pour proposer des scénarios pertinents et plausibles assemblés à partir d'alternatives de décisions élémentaires ; 3/ résolution du problème par la sélection et la recommandation de scénarios. La construction du processus de prise de décisions multiples est basée sur des possibilités diverses pour chaque bloc. Le décideur sélectionne parmi un ensemble de choix possibles pour adapter le processus décisionnel à son contexte précis. Pour le bloc 1, nous avons d'abord construit un réseau global qui modélise les décisions étudiées et les interdépendances qu'elles peuvent avoir avec d'autres décisions. Nous avons ensuite indiqué que les graphes et les matrices peuvent être utilisés pour répondre à ce besoin. Les deux méthodes permettent d'inclure toutes les décisions et interdépendances du réseau de décision dans un seul modèle, chacune d'entre elles ayant ses avantages et inconvénients, avec une sorte de complémentarité. Ensuite, pour formuler le problème local de multi-décision, deux approches de clustering basées sur les interactions sont proposées : l'approche descendante (considérant les interdépendances des décisions) et l'approche ascendante (avec un regroupement supplémentaire des décisions basé sur la date d'échéance). Ces deux approches aident à délimiter le périmètre sur un ensemble spécifique de décisions, étant donné qu'il peut être difficile de considérer tout le réseau de décisions en même temps. Dans le bloc 2, pour structurer le problème, deux méthodes basées sur des matrices et une autre basée sur des graphes ont été proposées. Ces méthodes offrent la possibilité de générer des scénarios en considérant les critères de compatibilité et de performance, soit séquentiellement (analyse morphologique), soit simultanément (QFD), soit de manière hybride (exploration de graphe). Pour les deux méthodes basées sur les matrices, un algorithme a été proposé pour faciliter l'identification de scénarios plausibles. Quant à la méthode basée sur les graphes, une heuristique plus légère peut être appliquée en temps réel lors d'une réunion de décision. Enfin, pour résoudre le problème, plusieurs méthodes MCDA ont été répertoriées dans le bloc 3 pour évaluer et sélectionner un scénario recommandé : méthodes d'évaluation absolue, méthodes de comparaison relative par paire, et méthodes de comparaison relative à des points de référence. Selon les acteurs industriels, un tel processus pourrait améliorer les mécanismes de coordination entre les décisions majeures de leurs projets. Même si les décisions sont interdépendantes, elles ne sont pas souvent considérées comme telles, et le processus que nous proposons permet (selon eux) d'avoir une meilleure vision des décisions à prendre ensemble et des conséquences des choix. Une étude de cas fictive, inspirée de projets réels passés, a été utilisée pour illustrer le processus de coordination multi-décision proposé. Nous sommes convaincus que notre recherche fournira une base solide pour d'autres études portant sur la coordination de décisions multiples et interdépendantes dans le cadre de projets complexes, même si certaines perspectives académiques et industrielles doivent être abordéesThe major challenge addressed in this research concerns the coordination of the multiple interdependent decisions that must be made during the project, either technical, financial, or contractual. Interdependence means that making one decision without considering the impacts for other decisions may imply some underperformance, or even dead ends, iterations, and rework.To overcome this challenge, a more adaptable multi-decision-making process has been proposed, consisting of three blocks: 1/ modeling the decision network and formulating the multi-decision problem; 2/ structuring the problem to propose relevant and plausible scenarios assembled from elementary decision alternatives; 3/ solving the problem by selecting and recommending scenarios.Building the multi-decision-making process is based on multiple possibilities for each block. The decision-maker selects from a set of possible choices to adapt the decision-making process to the precise context.For block #1, we have first articulated the need to build a global decision network that models the decisions under study and the interdependencies they may have with other decisions. We have then argued that graphs and matrices can be used to fulfill this need. Both methods allow to include all decisions and interdependencies of the decision network in one single model, each of them having its advantages and drawbacks, with a kind of complementarity.Then, to formulate the local multi-decision problem, two interactions-based clustering approaches are proposed: the top-down approach (considering decision interdependencies) and the bottom-up approach (with an additional due date-based grouping of decisions). Both help to delineate the focus of decision makers on a specific set of decisions, since considering the whole network of decisions at the same time can be challenging.In block #2, to structure the problem, two matrix-based and one graph-based methods have been proposed. These methods offer the possibility to generate possible scenarios considering compatibility and performance criteria, either sequentially (morphological analysis), simultaneously (QFD), or with a hybrid way (graph exploration). For the two matrix-based methods, an algorithm was proposed to facilitate the identification of plausible scenarios. As for the graph-based method, a lighter heuristic can be applied on live during a decision meeting.Finally, to solve the problem in block #3, several MCDA methods have been listed for evaluating and selecting a recommended scenario: absolute compensatory methods, relative pairwise comparison methods, and relative comparison to reference point methods.According to industrial actors, such a process could improve coordination mechanisms between the major decisions of their projects. Even though decisions were interdependent, they were not often considered as such, and our proposed process permits (according to them) to have a better vision of the decisions to be made together and of the consequences of the choices. A fictitious case study, inspired by real past projects, was used to illustrate the proposed multi-decision coordination process.We are convinced that our research will provide a solid basis for further studies on the coordination of multiple interdependent decisions in complex projects, although there are academic and industrial perspectives that need to be tackled
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McKissick, Chele. "Using nonrandomized vs. randomized interdependent group contingency components: Comparing the effects on disruptive behaviors and academic engagement in elementary students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321647137.
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