Journal articles on the topic 'Interdependence'
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Hernandez-Fajardo, Isaac, and Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio. "Sequential Propagation of Seismic Fragility across Interdependent Lifeline Systems." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1 (February 2011): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3544052.
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Realistic models of service networks must consider the evolution of interactions with external systems to evaluate emergent response effects on individual network performance. This paper introduces a new dynamic methodology for the assessment of systemic fragility propagation across interdependent networks subjected to seismic action that improves existing static methodologies. Interdependencies are discrete, unidirectional relationships between elements of distinct networks, which are able to influence response evolution from transient to steady-state stages. Comparisons of systemic fragility curves results for isolated and interdependent power and water networks display the importance of interdependence strength and density properties. For the test water network, inter-systemic failure propagation increases its connectivity loss by up to 24%, while high interdependence strengths make the median fragility rise up to 56.2%. In contrast, reductions of interdependence density improve the median water fragility up to 81.7%. Insights obtained from this model, and its associated sequential fragility algorithm, reveal complex coupling patterns and interdependence-based mitigation strategies that are essential for lifeline system management.
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Limp, Andre, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende, and Angela Versiani. "Interdependence Across a Firm's International Trajectories." Revista de Administração Contemporânea 20, no. 5 (October 2016): 590–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2016150116.
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Abstract We examine the extent to which the internationalization of the firm as a whole can be explained by the interdependence across its distinct international trajectories. To do so, we built a qualitative, backward-looking longitudinal case of the internationalization of a Brazilian born-global IT firm by tracing its four international trajectories from the outset. Our results indicate that the internationalization of the firm is the result of four interdependent international trajectories that evolved in four distinct countries. It addition, we highlight the relationships of the firm with international customers as the driving force behind the interdependence across these international trajectories. Based on these findings, we propose that the internationalization process of the firm as a whole is not necessarily the outcome of the sum of independent international trajectories. Rather, there are interdependences across the firm's international trajectories that shape the overall internationalization of the firm.
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Van Der Vegt, Gerben, Ben Emans, and Evert Van De Vliert. "Team Members’ Affective Responses to Patterns of Intragroup Interdependence and Job Complexity." Journal of Management 26, no. 4 (August 2000): 633–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600403.
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In this questionnaire study, the relations between the affective reactions of 114 technical consultants and both intragroup interdependence and job complexity were examined. Individual-level task interdependence and job complexity were found to be positively related to individual job satisfaction, team satisfaction, job commitment, and team commitment. Cross-level interactions showed the positive relations between task interdependence and the affective outcomes to be stronger in high outcome interdependent teams than in low outcome interdependent teams. Specifically, a proper match between high task interdependence and high group-level outcome interdependence was found to produce more positive affective responses than “low-high” and “high-low” mismatches. The unfavorable effects of mismatched task and outcome interdependence on job satisfaction and job commitment were found to be mitigated by high levels of job complexity.
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Pan, Qian-Qian, Run-Ran Liu, and Chun-Xiao Jia. "Cascading failures on complex networks with weak interdependency groups." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 11 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20210850.
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In real complex systems, the overall function is maintained through the connections among nodes. Failures of some nodes will destroy the connectivity of the system and thus damage the function of the system. In some complex systems, some nodes can form “interdependency groups” through hidden interdependencies, and the failure of one node will damage the rest of the nodes in the interdependency group. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the interdependency strength of the nodes, the size distribution and the size of the interdependency groups on the cascading dynamics and the robustness of complex networks. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, it is found that the cascading failure of the networks can be divided into two processes at the scale level: “intra-group cascading” and “inter-group cascading”. In the process of intra-group cascading, the failure of one node will cause damage to the failure of other nodes in the group through the dependence between nodes, thus inducing the failure of more nodes and resulting in greater destructive force. In the process of intra-group cascading, the failure of one node will cause damage to other nodes in the group through the interdependence between nodes, thus inducing the failure of more nodes and resulting in greater destructive power. In the process of inter-group cascading, the failed nodes will cause the fragmentation of the networks, which leads to some nodes outside the interdependency group isolate from the giant component and go to fail. Under the synergistic effects of these two processes, it is found that there are continuous and discontinuous phase transition phenomena in the cascade dynamics of the network. The occurrence of these two kinds of phase transition phenomena is related to the interdependency strength of nodes, the network degree distribution and the size distribution of the interdependence group. This means that by controlling the characteristics of interdependency groups, such as the interdependence strength of the nodes in the interdependency group or the size distribution of interdependency groups, sudden system collapse can be avoided and thus the robustness of the network can be improved.
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Zhang, Xiaodan, Yanping Gong, and Luluo Peng. "The impact of interdependence on behavioral engagement in online communities." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-05-2019-0285.
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PurposeOnline communities are increasingly important for organizations and marketers. However, the issue of how structural features of online communities affect consumers' behavioral engagement remains relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study is to examine how and why different types of interdependence within online communities (i.e. task/outcome interdependence) influence individual engagement in group activities, thereby providing insights regarding online community design.Design/methodology/approachTwo surveys were conducted with two online groups in China. One is a task-interdependent group from Douban Forum, and the other is an outcome-interdependent group from Sina Forum. A total of 159 valid responses from the task-interdependent group and 162 valid responses from the outcome-interdependent group were received. We analyzed the data using multivariate regression with Smart PLS and SPSS.FindingsThe results reveal that both task and outcome interdependence are positively related to individual behavioral engagement in online group behavior, and collective efficacy mediates the aforementioned effects. In addition, task complexity moderates the relationship between task interdependence and individual behavioral engagement; communication within group moderates the relationship between outcome interdependence and behavioral engagement, and the effect is mediated by collective efficacy.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the role of an important factor of group structure, namely, interdependence, in fueling individual behavioral engagement in online communities. The results shed light on companies' design strategies to develop and retain online community members and also provide important insights for researchers interested in social network marketing.
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Swiecki, Zachari. "Measuring the Impact of Interdependence on Individuals During Collaborative Problem-Solving." Journal of Learning Analytics 8, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18608/jla.2021.7240.
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Collaboration analytics often focuses on assessing and monitoring individuals during collaborative problem-solving (CPS). A defining feature of CPS is the interdependence that exists between individuals when they work together — that is, how they respond to and influence one another over time. While models that account for the impact of interdependence at the individual level of analysis (interdependent models) exist, they are often highly complex. This complexity makes them potentially difficult to use in assessments and systems that need to be explainable for educators, learners, and other researchers. Measures of the impact of interdependence at the individual level of analysis could inform decisions as to whether interdependent models should be used, or whether simpler models will suffice. Such measures could also be used to investigate specific questions about interdependence in collaborative settings. In this paper, I present a novel method of measuring the impact of interdependence on individuals using epistemic network analysis. To provide evidence of the validity of the measure, I compare it to qualitative findings that describe the impact of interdependence on individuals participating in team training scenarios. To demonstrate the value of the measure, I use it to assess the impact of interdependence in these data overall and to test hypotheses regarding the collaborative task design. My results suggest that the measure can distinguish between individuals who have been impacted by interdependence differently, that interdependence is impactful in these data overall, and that aspects of the task design may have affected how some individuals were impacted by interdependence.
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Yang, Zhuyu, Maria Fabrizia Clemente, Katia Laffréchine, Charlotte Heinzlef, Damien Serre, and Bruno Barroca. "Resilience of Social-Infrastructural Systems: Functional Interdependencies Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020606.
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Critical infrastructures serve human activities and play an essential role in societies. Infrastructural systems are not isolated but are interdependent with regard to social systems, including those of public health and economic and sustainable development. In recent years, both social and infrastructural systems have frequently been in dysfunction due to increasing natural or human-made disasters and due to the internal and external dependencies between system components. The interconnectedness between social-infrastructural systems (socio-economic systems and technical-infrastructural systems), implies that the damage to one single system can extend beyond its scope. For that reason, cascading dysfunction can occur and increase system vulnerability. This article aims to study the functional interdependencies between social-infrastructural systems and to propose a methodology to analyse and improve the resilience of these systems. Combining Actor Network Theory and the Functional Models approach, the social-infrastructural Interdependence Resilience (SIIR) framework was proposed. To assess the applicability of the approach, the framework was applied to study the interdependence of a social-infrastructural system in the Nantes Metropolis. The studied system was composed of the local Highway Infrastructure (an infrastructural system) and the Emergency Medical Service (a social system). The results (1) show the feasibility of SIIR for investigating the interdependencies of two urban systems, and (2) provide a guideline for decision-makers to improve the functional interdependencies of urban systems.
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N., Elangovan, and Sridhar Rajendran. "Impact of functional interdependency on employee satisfaction with performance appraisal in the real estate industry." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.19.
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Unbiased performance appraisal tends to bolster the performance of employees. The studies indicate several inadequacies with the current performance appraisal systems. Functional interdependence is one such factor that has been ignored. The study aims to find the factors that can improve the satisfaction with performance appraisal of employees whose deliverables are highly interdependent on other functions. Organizational justice, rater competence, inter-functional conflict, and cohesion are considered the mediating variables. To test the model, the data are collected through a survey using a questionnaire from the executives of Indian real estate companies who have undergone the appraisal process at least once. Firms with more than 500 employees are randomly selected for the list of members of the real estate developers’ associations. The results show that functional interdependency has a negative impact on satisfaction with performance appraisal. Although conflict and cohesion are found to influence satisfaction with performance appraisal, they did not mediate the effect of functional interdependency on satisfaction with performance appraisal. However, the study found that rater competence and organizational justice have a mediating effect. The study provides practical implications to HR managers of real estate companies to train the raters and include the complexities of functional interdependencies in the appraisal system. A grievance mechanism should be created to address the employees’ concerns, ultimately improving satisfaction with performance appraisal.
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Sianca, Aniela Garay, Sarah G. Nurre, Carlos L. Castro Salas, and Humberto R. Alvarez A. "Data Processing on Large Interdependent Networks: An Application for Infrastructure Preparedness, and Restoration." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1450.
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This paper presents a method for validating and transforming data for use in interdependent infrastructure network analysis. Critical infrastructure are interdependent on each other for delivery of services and execution of restoration activities. These interdependencies make infrastructure systems vulnerable to extreme events and highlights the needs for preparedness and response plans. Optimization models have been used to create effective plans using interdependent infrastructure networks. These models require accurate input data. However, many data sources have inconsistencies or errors which inhibit the ability to use such optimization models. This work identifies common errors in input network data and provides a method for processing and correcting these errors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on data representing the transportation network in Juan Diaz town, in Panama. Keywords: Data processing, network, infrastructure, interdependence.
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GREENBERG, DANIEL L., and MIEKE VERFAELLIE. "Interdependence of episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from neuropsychology." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 16, no. 5 (June 18, 2010): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710000676.
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AbstractTulving’s (1972) theory of memory draws a distinction between general knowledge (semantic memory) and memory for events (episodic memory). Neuropsychological studies have generally examined each type of memory in isolation, but theorists have long argued that these two forms of memory are interdependent. Here we review several lines of neuropsychological research that have explored the interdependence of episodic and semantic memory. The studies show that these forms of memory can affect each other both at encoding and at retrieval. We suggest that theories of memory should be revised to account for all of the interdependencies between episodic and semantic memory; they should also incorporate forms of memory that do not fit neatly into either category. (JINS, 2010, 16, 748–753.)
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Varnum, Michael, Igor Grossmann, Daniela Katunar, Richard Nisbett, and Shinobu Kitayama. "Holism in a European Cultural Context: Differences in Cognitive Style between Central and East Europeans and Westerners." Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, no. 3-4 (2008): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853708x358209.
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AbstractCentral and East Europeans have a great deal in common, both historically and culturally, with West Europeans and North Americans, but tend to be more interdependent. Interdependence has been shown to be linked to holistic cognition. East Asians are more interdependent than Americans and are more holistic. If interdependence causes holism, we would expect Central and East Europeans to be more holistic than West Europeans and North Americans. In two studies we found evidence that Central and East Europeans are indeed more holistic than Westerners on three tasks, one of which examined categorization and two of which measured patterns of visual attention. These studies support the argument that cross-cultural differences in cognition are due to society level differences in independence/interdependence.
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Madan, Shilpa, Shankha Basu, Sharon Ng, and Elison Ai Ching Lim. "Impact of Culture on the Pursuit of Beauty: Evidence from Five Countries." Journal of International Marketing 26, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x18805493.
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Human beings have always coveted beautiful objects, but the desire to look good is reaching new heights worldwide. Although the pursuit of beauty appears universal, industry evidence suggests that it is particularly strong in Asia. This research examines the effect of culture on the pursuit of beauty. Three studies provide converging evidence that interdependent self-construal increases the likelihood of using appearance-enhancing products. Study 1 operationalizes culture through nationality and self-construal and shows that Easterners (more interdependent) are more likely to use appearance-enhancing products than Westerners (less interdependent). This use is driven by interdependents’ tendency to conform to societal norms, which in turn leads to heightened self-discrepancy (Study 2). The use of appearance-enhancing tools helps minimize this discrepancy. Study 3 shows that strength of norms moderates the impact of interdependence on the use of appearance-enhancing tools. When norms are loosely defined and adherence is not strictly enforced, interdependents’ appearance enhancement tendency is reduced. This research offers actionable insights into the pursuit of beauty, marketing of beauty brands, policy making, and consumer well-being.
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Kawczyński, Filip. "Omnipresent meaning-interdependence and ubiquitous analyticity." Semiotica 2021, no. 240 (March 29, 2021): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2021-0010.
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Abstract In this paper I investigate the nature of the relation between meaning-interdependence and analyticity. The theory within which meaning-interdependence reaches its peak and becomes omnipresent is meaning holism, according to which every two expressions are meaning-interdependent. A lot of people reject holism partially due to the impression that the theory leads to the picture in which language is self-sufficient in the sense that it is nothing but a game of meanings which is detached from reality. What stands behind that impression is probably something along the lines: analyticity stems from meaning-interdependence, so if all expressions are meaning-interdependent, then everything appears analytic. I defend holism from this kind of objection. I start with showing that analyticity traditionally understood cannot pour over language within holism, because it is not applicable to the theory at all. Then, I argue that adopting some weaker notion of analyticity leads to the ubiquity of analyticity indeed, but analyticity so understood is too weak to actually endanger holism. Finally, I demonstrate that the problems with analyticity appear only when meaning-interdependence is treated in extremely superficial way. I also propose a very simple hierarchy of meaning-interdependence, based on Pagin’s total-pair holism, which immediately repeal the ‘ubiquitous analyticity’ problem.
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Franzese, Robert J., and Jude C. Hays. "Interdependence in Comparative Politics." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 4-5 (April 2008): 742–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007313122.
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Interdependence is ubiquitous and often central across comparative politics. Indeed, as the authors show first, theoretically, any situation involving externalities from one unit's actions on others' implies interdependence. Positive or negative externalities induce negative or positive interdependence, which spurs competitive races or free riding, with corresponding early or late-mover advantages, and thus strategic rush to act or delay and inaction. The authors show next how to model interdependent processes empirically, how not doing so risks omitted-variable biases favoring domestic and exogenous-external accounts over interdependence, but how doing so naïvely risks simultaneity biases with the opposite substantive implications. They then discuss how to estimate properly specified interdependence models and, finally, how to interpret and present estimated spatio-temporally dynamic effects, response paths, and long-run steady-states, with associated standard errors. They illustrate by replicating a noteworthy earlier, nonspatial study of capital tax competition. Web appendices contain further technical details, literature survey, data, statistical software code, and spreadsheet templates for all suggested procedures.
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Dykstra, Pearl A., and Gunhild O. Hagestad. "How demographic patterns and social policies shape interdependence among lives in the family realm." Population Horizons 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pophzn-2016-0004.
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Abstract Our starting point is that a social psychological approach dominates the literature on interdependent or “linked” lives (Elder, 1994). We argue that interdependence is not only social-psychological, but is also structured on a macro-level. More specifically, we illustrate ways in which demographic change, such as increased co-longevity, creates different opportunities for interdependence for men and women. In addition, we draw attention to the role of national policies, distinguishing ways in which legislation mandates generational interdependence (e.g., legal obligations to provide financial support), blocks generational interdependence (e.g., grandparents not granted the right to raise grandchildren when parents cannot provide adequate care; migration laws not granting temporary visits to enable the provision of care), generates generational interdependence (e.g., daddy quota), and lightens generational interdependence (e.g., less reliance on grandparental care in Northern and Western Europe due to public support to parents of young children). We pay specific attention to childless men and women, questioning the primacy assigned to kinship ties in health care and long-term support policies. Gender receives consistent consideration throughout the paper.
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L. Davis, Justin, Andy Fodor, Michael E. Pfahl, and Jason Stoner. "Team interdependence and turnover: evidence from the NFL." American Journal of Business 29, no. 3/4 (September 30, 2014): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajb-02-2014-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the interactive effect of turnover and task interdependence on performance in work teams. Based on pervious research, the authors contend that turnover will have a negative effect on team performance and this effect will be more pronounced as teams perform highly interdependent tasks. Design/methodology/approach – Using longitudinal data from the National Football League (NFL), the authors empirically examine the effect of player turnover on NFL team performance (i.e. wins and losses in the subsequent year), and the difference in team performance based on the high/low task interdependence of the work team. Findings – Findings suggest a negative impact of turnover on organizational performance, regardless of the interdependent nature of work team tasks. In addition, the negative influence of turnover is enhanced by the task interdependence within a team. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies that examine task interdependence as a moderating variable of the turnover – team performance relationship. More specifically, by examining an industry with high team member turnover (i.e. The NFL), the findings from this study give practicing managers a guide as to which work teams managers should attempt to minimize turnover.
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Tanious, Mina E. "The impact of economic interdependence on the probability of conflict between states." Review of Economics and Political Science 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-10-2018-010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent the economic interdependence can affect the likelihood of conflict between States. Specially, over the past few decades, there has been a huge interest in the relationship between economic interdependence and political conflict. Liberals argue that economic interdependence lowers the possibility of war by increasing the weight of trading over the alternative of aggression; interdependent states would rather trade than invade; realists dismiss the liberal argument, arguing that high interdependence increases rather than decreases the probability of war. In anarchy, states must constantly worry about their security. Design/methodology/approach This paper highlights the content and level of economic interdependence between China and the USA since the beginning of China’s economic reform in 1979 and examines the impact of economic interdependence between them on their relationship toward Taiwan since 1995 and the probability of conflict. Findings Economic interdependence is proved to significantly decrease the onset of conflict between the two parties. This can be shown by comparing the number of armed conflicts during the pre-interdependence period to the number of armed conflicts after the economic interdependence there was an overage of 0.79 militarized interstate disputes (MIDs)/year, compared to 0.26 MIDs/year following China’s economic reforms; also, the length of the hostilities was longer during the pre-interdependence period (with an average of 11.13 months versus 5.33 months). Originality/Value This means that economic interdependence does not completely prevent the outbreak of international conflicts, but it also plays a major role in influencing the conflict in terms of the conflict’s intensity, the use of armed force and the number of conflicts that occur between the economic interdependence states.
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Huang, Yuxing. "An Interdependence Theory of Wedge Strategies." Chinese Journal of International Politics 13, no. 2 (2020): 253–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa004.
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Abstract A wedge strategy is a state’s attempt to prevent, break up, or weaken a threatening or blocking alliance. An asymmetric alignment consists of a great power (the alignment leader) and a small/middle power (the weaker ally). So when does the wedge strategy of a great power (a divider) towards a competitive asymmetric alignment work? I propose, based upon the ‘Crawford–Izumikawa debate’, an ‘interdependence theory’ of wedge strategies. In the case of an asymmetric alignment that is symmetrically interdependent, the wedge strategy of a divider that accommodates the weaker ally is most likely to succeed. However, a wedge strategy towards an asymmetric alignment that is asymmetrically interdependent is highly likely to fail. I evaluate the theory based upon four wedge strategies adopted in Cold War Asia through analysing American, Russian, and Chinese archival sources. As asymmetrically interdependent, the US–Japan and US–Taiwan alliances offset the impact of Chinese wedge strategies. Between 1955 and 1965, therefore, neither Chinese accommodation nor Chinese pressure could detach weaker American allies from the United States in East Asia. However, China successfully exploited the symmetric interdependence of the US–Pakistan alliance. Between 1962 and 1965, China’s accommodation of Pakistan prevented Pakistan from being used as an American base for containment purposes. Likewise, the Soviet Union took full advantage of the Sino–Vietnamese alignment’s symmetric interdependence, whereby Soviet aid to North Vietnam caused rifts in Sino–Vietnamese relations that eventually wrecked the Sino–Vietnamese alignment. According to the theory, therefore, given the asymmetric interdependence of the hub-and-spokes system, any Chinese attempts to weaken US-sponsored alliances in East Asia would not be effective.
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Zang, Weifei, Xinsheng Ji, Shuxin Liu, and Gengrun Wang. "Percolation on interdependent networks with cliques and weak interdependence." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 566 (March 2021): 125612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.125612.
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Knox, Alan B. "Interdependence." Adult Learning 14, no. 4 (September 2003): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104515950301400413.
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Carter, Ruth C. "Interdependence." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 40, no. 1 (May 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v40n01_01.
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Beeber, Anna Song. "Interdependence." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20080101-03.
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Smith, Joe, Nigel Clark, and Kathryn Yusoff. "Interdependence." Geography Compass 1, no. 3 (April 11, 2007): 340–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00015.x.
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Lo, Ronda F., Andy H. Ng, Adam S. Cohen, and Joni Y. Sasaki. "Does self-construal shape automatic social attention?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): e0246577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246577.
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We examined whether activating independent or interdependent self-construal modulates attention shifting in response to group gaze cues. European Canadians (Study 1) and East Asian Canadians (Study 2) primed with independence vs. interdependence completed a multi-gaze cueing task with a central face gazing left or right, flanked by multiple background faces that either matched or mismatched the direction of the foreground gaze. Results showed that European Canadians (Study 1) mostly ignored background gaze cues and were uninfluenced by the self-construal primes. However, East Asian Canadians (Study 2), who have cultural backgrounds relevant to both independence and interdependence, showed different attention patterns by prime: those primed with interdependence were more distracted by mismatched (vs. matched) background gaze cues, whereas there was no change for those primed with independence. These findings suggest activating an interdependent self-construal modulates social attention mechanisms to attend broadly, but only for those who may find these representations meaningful.
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Compagnoni, Ilaria, and Graziano Serragiotto. "“We all contributed to tell stories to the best of our abilities”: collaborative digital storytelling to promote students’ positive interdependence in an online course of Italian as a foreign language." EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283//2376905x.1.11.1.2803.
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Positive interdependence is defined as a mutual relationship between people who are driven to achieve the same task goals- Considered as the foundation of collaborative language learning, it can surface in group activities of digital content creation. Digital storytelling may enhance skills of positive interdependence as it enables digital narratives to be told through mixed media (Robin, 2016). However, prolonged exposure to technology might cause distraction, motivation loss, and fatigue among language students, hampering the establishment of positive interdependence. To encourage interdependent interactions in digital learning environments, this study presents the results of educational activities conducted using the ThingLink and StoryMaps platforms by learners of Italian as a foreign language during an online language course. The results stemming from online questionnaires, transcript analyses, and focus group interviews highlight how students’ positive interdependence can be boosted by telling stories through immersive technologies.
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Dengjun, Zhang. "Interdependence between Nordic stock markets and financial cooperation." Review of Accounting and Finance 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-03-2013-0036.
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Purpose – This study aims to link the financial cooperation in the Nordic region and the interdependence between the stock markets in this area. The main emphasis is placed on the evolution of this interdependence as the financial integration was proceeding. Design/methodology/approach – Johansen’s cointegration technique and the exponential generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic model are applied to test the long-run and short-run interdependences, respectively, among Nordic stock markets. In particular, the recursive estimation approach is used to reveal the evolution of the interdependence between those markets. Findings – The existence of two cointegrations over the sample period indicates that the markets depend on each other to some extent. The recursive estimation of Johansen’s model further reveals that the interdependence had been greatly improving until late 2008. The interdependence between those markets is also confirmed convincingly by the short-term dynamics, noting that the spillover effects between most pairs of stock volatilities are witnessed in the empirical results. Practical implications – The findings show the dynamics of the long-run correlations between the Nordic stock markets, which imply the intrinsic response to the process of financial market reforms, the 2008 global financial crisis and the period after the crisis. The evidenced information about determinants of the interdependence between Nordic stock markets is sending strong signals to investors to enhance their investment strategies. Originality/value – Most of the existing studies have been restricted to the static long-run and/or short-run interdependence among those markets. However, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the dynamics of interdependence among the Nordic stock markets over time; moreover, the evolution of the market interdependence is sketched closely to the process of the regional financial market reforms.
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León del Barco, Benito, Elena Felipe Castaño, Damián Iglesias Gallego, and Montserrat Marugán de Miguelsanz. "Determinantes en la Eficacia del Aprendizaje Cooperativo. Una experiencia en el EEES." Revista de Investigación Educativa 32, no. 2 (June 12, 2014): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rie.32.2.172721.
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Nuestro trabajo se encuadra dentro de las investigaciones relacionadas con los factores que median la eficacia del aprendizaje y pretendemos encontrar, a través de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, un modelo explicativo de la eficacia en situaciones de aprendizaje cooperativo mediante la comunicación del grupo, la interdependencia de los miembros del equipo y la responsabilidad. Participan 120 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 44 años, elegidos al azar de un total de 425 estudiantes de primer curso de los Grados Maestro en Educación Infantil y Maestro en Educación Primaria. Hemos diseñado los siguientes cuestionarios: Escala de Comunicación e Interdependencia en Aprendizaje Cooperativo y la Escala de Eficacia Grupal. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales indican que la comunicación entre los miembros del equipo predice la interdependencia y la responsabilidad (b=.85). Asimismo, nuestros datos verifican la importancia de la responsabilidad y de la interdependencia en la eficacia del equipo (b=.82). This study is part of the research on factors which mediate in the effectiveness of learning. Through an analysis of structural equations we expect to find an explanatory model of the efficiency in cooperative learning situations through group communication, and interdependence and responsibility of team members. 120 students aged 18 to 44 were involved. They were randomly selected from a total of 425 first-year students in the degrees Pre-School Education and Primary Education. We designed the following questionnaire: Scale of Communication and Interdependence in Cooperative Learning and Scale of Group Efficiency. The results of the model of structural equations show that communication between team members predicts interdependence and responsibility (b =.85). Furthermore, the data show the importance of responsibility and interdependence in team efficiency (b=.82).
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Trosman, Julia R., Ruth C. Carlos, Melissa A. Simon, Debra L. Madden, William J. Gradishar, Al B. Benson, Bruce D. Rapkin, et al. "Care for a Patient With Cancer As a Project: Management of Complex Task Interdependence in Cancer Care Delivery." Journal of Oncology Practice 12, no. 11 (November 2016): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.013573.
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Cancer care is highly complex and suffers from fragmentation and lack of coordination across provider specialties and clinical domains. As a result, patients often find that they must coordinate care on their own. Coordinated delivery teams may address these challenges and improve quality of cancer care. Task interdependence is a core principle of rigorous teamwork and is essential to addressing the complexity of cancer care, which is highly interdependent across specialties and modalities. We examined challenges faced by a patient with early-stage breast cancer that resulted from difficulties in understanding and managing task interdependence across clinical domains involved in this patient’s care. We used team science supported by the project management discipline to discuss how various task interdependence aspects can be recognized, deliberately designed, and systematically managed to prevent care breakdowns. This case highlights how effective task interdependence management facilitated by project management methods could markedly improve the course of a patient’s care. This work informs efforts of cancer centers and practices to redesign cancer care delivery through innovative, practical, and patient-centered approaches to management of task interdependence in cancer care. Future patient-reported outcomes research will help to determine optimal ways to engage patients, including those who are medically underserved, in managing task interdependence in their own care.
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Kafetsios, Konstantinos, and Evangelia Kateri. "Adult attachment, cultural orientation, and well-being in Greece." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 25, no. 1 (November 22, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.25345.
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Social bonds and relationships are important determinants of well-being and happiness. Peoples’ propensities for relating to individual and cultural levels can partially account for variations in well-being in different cultures. The present paper examined how adult attachment orientations, a seminal aspect of relating, and independent and interdependent self-construal, a cultural category of social relations, interrelate at an individual level to explain well-being in Greece. In a large-scale community study state secure attachment and independent and interdependent cultural orientations were all positively associated with well-being. As expected, the two relating constructs intersected so that higher interdependence was associated with higher anxiety and lower avoidance in line with expectations. Importantly, the interaction between interdependence and anxious attachment accounted for an additional part of the variance in well-being: participants higher in anxiety and interdependence had higher well-being whereas the inverse was true for participants higher in anxiety and independence. These results point to culture-specific patterns in how central relating schemas contribute to well-being[1].
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Koppenborg, Markus, and Katrin B. Klingsieck. "Social factors of procrastination: group work can reduce procrastination among students." Social Psychology of Education 25, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09682-3.
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AbstractResearch on procrastination covers a variety of individual factors (e.g., conscientiousness) and this focus is reflected in interventions against procrastination. Less emphasis is put on situational and social factors that may help students reduce procrastination, such as social interdependence. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between interdependence with academic procrastination and affective variables. Two vignette studies with student samples (N1 = 320, N2 = 193) were conducted and data was analyzed with regression analyses and analyses of covariance. Results of both studies show lower state procrastination in group work with interdependence compared to individual work, especially in participants with high trait procrastination. This difference is more pronounced when interdependence is accompanied by an active commitment to finish the task on time. Further, interdependent group work is related to increased positive affect and decreased negative affect. The results demonstrate the relevance of situational and social factors for academic procrastination, and point toward new approaches for intervention.
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Rezende, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro. "Multinationals and interdependence in internationalisation processes." Revista de Administração Contemporânea 10, spe (2006): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-65552006000500002.
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This article deals with interdependence and the internationalisation process of multinationals (MNCs); a topic that has received scarce attention in the literature (e.g. Bell & Young, 1998; Holm et al., 1995). By reviewing the literature on behavioural models of internationalisation, initially, the article suggests that MNCs should be regarded as loosely coupled systems in which independence and interdependence of operations shape how MNCs evolve and organise activities across borders. Subsequently, the article models the internationalisation process of MNCs by highlighting three dimensions that characterise their pattern of evolution - uniformity, direction and rhythm, and lays out three hypotheses on the relationship between these dimensions and interdependence. The direction of the relationship is suggested to be negative, i.e., other things being equal, interdependence is negatively related to uniformity, direction and the rhythm of the internationalisation processes. The article concludes by claiming that the internationalisation of MNCs results from an intricate combination of independent, yet interdependent, internationalisation processes that evolve in various spatial and temporal contexts within the MNC network.
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Jiang, J., W. Li, and X. Cai. "The effect of interdependence on the percolation of interdependent networks." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 410 (September 2014): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2014.05.065.
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Kipato, Nuru, Peter Dorward, and Graham Clarkson. "A Lower Threat than I Thought: How the Analysis of the Interdependence between Risks Influences Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (October 4, 2023): 14467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914467.
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Smallholder farming businesses are exposed to numerous risks which significantly affect productivity, income, and farmers’ livelihoods. These risks are interdependent in nature and co-occur, which makes managing a single risk in isolation an inadequate approach. This study examined how the analysis of the interdependence between risks can influence farmers’ perceptions of risk. The study employed focus group discussions and participatory activities, which involved the use of Scored Causal Diagrams (SCDs) to analyse risks with farmers and assess changes in perception. The results showed that the analysis of the interdependence between risks influenced a change in perceptions of risk for farmers, by enabling farmers to identify the important risks, cause-and-effect relationships between risks, and the root causes of risks. This also led to changes in the farmers’ own perceived ability to manage these risks. The analysis of the interdependence between risks provides insight into the design of holistic approaches for the management of risks. It enables farmers to identify the cause-and-effect relationships between risks, identify risks which contribute substantially to hindering their farming goals, and identify entry points for managing multiple interdependent risks. A unique contribution of this study is it presents a process for eliciting and analysing farmers’ perceptions of the interdependence between risks and explores how such analysis contributes to changes in farmers’ perceptions of individual risks. These changes in perceptions of individual risks ultimately shape farmers’ decisions about whether and how to adapt risk-management behaviour.
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Schricker, Ezra. "The search for rebel interdependence." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343316668570.
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The existing conflict literature tends to treat interdependence between rebel groups as a binary category: either groups are allied or unallied, fragmented or unified, interdependent or independent. Yet much of our qualitative knowledge suggests that interdependence is better understood as a matter of degree where certain groups exert a disproportionate influence over their counterparts. The challenge is how to identify the degree of interdependence in practice. As a solution, I conceptualize interdependence as a property of a system of interactions between rebel groups and government forces within and across borders. My approach is to model the entire system of interactions in order to test hypotheses related to the directionality of influence and the potential for military coordination between groups. I demonstrate the utility of this approach by examining the relationship between Pakistan and the two major factions which make up the Taliban organization – the Afghan and Pakistani Taliban. I analyze the triangular system with a vector autoregressive model and monthly time series data on violent actions initiated by each group from January 2008 to February 2013. The substantive findings support much of the received wisdom concerning Pakistan’s disparate relationship to both groups, which is characterized by antagonism with the Pakistani Taliban and collusion with the Afghan Taliban. The results also suggest that the claims of interdependence between the two Taliban groups have been overstated.
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Ahn, Do Hun. "A Study on the Cause of Individualization in Korean Society: Focusing on the Division of Labor of E. Durkheim and K. Marx." Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University 84 (August 31, 2023): 577–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.15186/ikc.2023.8.31.18.
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In this study, I tried to identify the cause of the post-social individualization phenomenon in Korean society, focusing on the theory of the division of labor of E. Durkheim and K. Marx. The results of the study are as follows. First, The interdependence of the division of labor creates social solidarity. According to E. Durkheim, the interdependent nature of the division of labor is strengthened by its development, creating social solidarity. Second, The relationship between division of labor and interdependence is not inevitable. This is because, as K. Marx pointed out, the division of labor can also create completely unequal dependencies. Third, The weakening or extinction of the interdependence of the division of labor leads to the phenomenon of post-social individualization. In a situation where the interdependence of division of labor has disappeared or weakened and the possibility of social solidarity is slim, people have no choice but to find their own way to live. The phenomenon of post-social individualization in Korean society came about in this way.
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Neels, Richard. "Cosmic Interdependence: Heraclitus on Grounding." Ancient Philosophy Today 3, no. 1 (April 2021): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anph.2021.0041.
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Are there any metaphysically basic (i.e., absolutely fundamental) entities in the cosmos on which all the other entities in the cosmos depend? If not, how are the various entities in the cosmos related to each other in terms of relative fundamentality? These questions have been of interest since the birth of philosophy. In this paper I argue that, for the early Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, there are no metaphysically basic entities. Rather, 1) the various entities in the cosmos are metaphysically interdependent and 2) the cosmos itself and its parts are metaphysically interdependent. I call this view cosmic interdependence. I demonstrate its distinctiveness and argue for its contemporary significance with respect to the grounding structure of quantum entanglement.
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Rohmann, Elke, Stephanie Hanke, and Hans-Werner Bierhoff. "Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism in Relation to Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Self-Construal." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 4 (October 2019): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000292.
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Abstract. A growing body of research suggests the viability of the distinction between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Each subtype of narcissism reveals distinct associations with life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. The goal of the present study ( N = 253) is to apply this distinction to replicate the results of previous studies with respect to life satisfaction and self-esteem and to extend the perspective by focusing on several components of self-construal: independent and interdependent (cf. Singelis, 1994 ). In addition, interdependent self-construal is either relational-interdependent or collective-interdependent (cf. Cross, Hardin, & Gercek-Swing, 2011 ). Specifically, four hypotheses are examined which have in common the assumption that grandiose and vulnerable narcissism diverge systematically in their implications for life satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-construal. Grandiose narcissism is expected to correlate positively with life satisfaction, self-esteem, independent self-construal, and collective-interdependent self-construal. In contrast, vulnerable narcissism is assumed to correlate negatively with self-esteem and life satisfaction and positively with interdependent and relational self-construal. The results, which confirm these hypotheses, underscore the necessity to differentiate between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Remarkably, both subtypes of narcissism are related to distinct dimensions of interdependent self-construal. Whereas grandiose narcissism is anchored in collective interdependence, vulnerable narcissism is embedded in relational interdependence.
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Stonnington, Henry H. "Editorial: Interdependence." Brain Injury 8, no. 8 (January 1994): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699059409151020.
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Katz, Howard E. "Interdependence Days." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 7 (July 2004): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.129.
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Abdulahad, Raika, Roger Delaney, and Keith Brownlee. "Valuing interdependence." International Social Work 52, no. 6 (October 23, 2009): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809342644.
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English This study examined whether gender, ethnic group, age, years in Canada, level of education and country where educated influenced the acculturation process for Iraqi immigrants to Canada. For the 153 participants in this study, a continuing strong identification with traditional values was found to exist irrespective of differences in demographic factors. French La présente recherche s’intéresse à l’influence du genre, du groupe ethnique, de l’âge, du nombre d’années au Canada, du niveau de scolarisation et du pays dans lequel la scolarisation a été effectuée sur le processus d’acculturation vécu par les immigrants d’origine irakienne établis au Canada. Chez les 153 participants à l’étude, le maintien d’une forte identification aux valeurs traditionnelles se présente de façon indépendante des différences sociodémographiques. Spanish Se examina si el género, el grupo étnico, la edad, años en Canadá, nivel de educación, y país donde fueron educados influye en la aculturación de inmigrantes iraquíes en Canadá. Se halla que respecto a los 153 participantes en este estudio, la fuerte identificación con valores tradicionales continúa, independientemente de los factores demográficos.
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Kezar, Adrianna J. "Teaching Interdependence." About Campus: Enriching the Student Learning Experience 4, no. 4 (September 1999): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108648229900400408.
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Del Aguila, Mark, Lisa Cox, and Louisa Lee. "Functional interdependence." Australasian Journal on Ageing 25, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2006.00168.x.
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Vincent, Jack E. "Interdependence reexamined." International Interactions 16, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629008434746.
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K.J.G. "Geographic Interdependence." Americas 47, no. 1 (July 1990): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500016047.
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Li, Zhan G., and Rajiv P. Dant. "Channel Interdependence." Journal of Marketing Channels 9, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j049v09n01_03.
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Fitzsimons, Gráinne M., and Eli J. Finkel. "Goal interdependence." Current Opinion in Psychology 1 (February 2015): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.015.
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Kim, Jin-Chul. "On Interdependence." Korean Journal of International Relations 27, no. 2 (January 31, 1988): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14731/kjir.1988.01.27.2.31.
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Wickham, Robert E., and C. Raymond Knee. "Interdependence Theory and the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model." Personality and Social Psychology Review 16, no. 4 (May 22, 2012): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868312447897.
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ASIMOPOLOS, Laurentiu A., Adrian-Aristide ASIMOPOLOS, and Natalia-Silvia ASIMOPOLOS. "THE ROLE OF INTERDEPENDENCIES BETWEEN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 18, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1823.
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In the general context, the phenomenon of globalization causes an increase in risks to critical infrastructures. In order to order this set, the criteria of dependence and interdependence were imposed. Thus, was proposed a model with seven levels, the first being sector analysis and the second one the study of interdependencies.The first level is organized in critical sectors and dependencies between them. This division, which engendered the public-private partnership, is show on the EU and NATO documents. The second level of the interdependence study aims to determine the vital elements and essential components of a system. In this paper we show some considerations on the dimensionality of interdependencies between critical infrastructures, interdependence between critical infrastructures from the energy sector and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). After a breakdown of SCADA systems, we presented at the end of the paper few examples of cybernetic attack against energy infrastructures
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Shutters, Shade T., and Keith Waters. "Inferring Networks of Interdependent Labor Skills to Illuminate Urban Economic Structure." Entropy 22, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101078.
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Cities are among the best examples of complex systems. The adaptive components of a city, such as its people, firms, institutions, and physical structures, form intricate and often non-intuitive interdependencies with one another. These interdependencies can be quantified and represented as links of a network that give visibility to otherwise cryptic structural elements of urban systems. Here, we use aspects of information theory to elucidate the interdependence network among labor skills, illuminating parts of the hidden economic structure of cities. Using pairwise interdependencies we compute an aggregate, skills-based measure of system “tightness” of a city’s labor force, capturing the degree of integration or internal connectedness of a city’s economy. We find that urban economies with higher tightness tend to be more productive in terms of higher GDP per capita. However, related work has shown that cities with higher system tightness are also more negatively affected by shocks. Thus, our skills-based metric may offer additional insights into a city’s resilience. Finally, we demonstrate how viewing the web of interdependent skills as a weighted network can lead to additional insights about cities and their economies.