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Journal articles on the topic 'INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Amado, Sergio M., and Celso C. Ribeiro. "Short-Term Generation Scheduling of Hydraulic Multi-Reservoir Multi-Area Interconnected Systems." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-7, no. 8 (August 1987): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1987.5527068.

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2

Amado, Sergio M., and Celso C. Ribeiro. "Short-Term Generation Scheduling of Hydraulic Multi-Reservoir Multi-Area Interconnected Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2, no. 3 (1987): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.1987.4335206.

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3

Gopi, Pasala, and P. Linga Reddy. "Design of Robust Load Frequency Controller for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using SDO Software." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i1.pp12-22.

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The response of the load frequency control problem in multi-area interconnected electrical power system is much more complex with increasing size, changing structure and increasing load. This paper deals with Load Frequency Control of three area interconnected Power system incorporating Reheat, Non-reheat and Reheat turbines in all areas respectively. The response of the load frequency control problem in a multi-area interconnected power system is improved by designing PID controller using different tuning techniques and proved that the PID controller which was designed by Simulink Design Optimization (SDO) Software gives the superior performance than other controllers for step perturbations. Finally the robustness of controller was checked against system parameter variations..

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4

Abdel-Halim, M. A., G. S. Christensen, and D. H. Kelly. "Optimum load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems." Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1985): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceej.1985.6593136.

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5

Momoh, J. A., L. G. Dias, S. X. Guo, and R. Adapa. "Economic operation and planning of multi-area interconnected power systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 2 (May 1995): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.387950.

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6

Dong, Xiaoming, Xupeng Hao, Mengxia Wang, Jinyu Wang, Chengfu Wang, Suoying He, and Peng Wang. "Power transfer limit calculation for multi-area interconnected power networks." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 120 (September 2020): 105953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105953.

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7

Yan, Wenxu, Lina Sheng, Dezhi Xu, Weilin Yang, and Qian Liu. "H∞ Robust Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System with Hybrid Energy Storage System." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101748.

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To enhance the quality of output power from regional interconnected power grid and strengthen the stability of overall system, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is applied to traditional multi-area interconnected power system to improve the performance of load frequency control. A novel topology structure of interconnected power system with the HESS is proposed. Considering the external disturbances of the system and the interconnected factors between each control area, the dynamic mathematical model of each area in the new topology is established in the form of state-space equation. Combining the state feedback robust control theory with linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory, the controller is designed to calculate how much power the HESS should provide to power grid in real time, according to the load change of system. Taking the four-area interconnected power system as study object, the simulation results obtained by MATLAB prove that the application of HESS can well improve the frequency stability of multi-area interconnected system and the H∞ robust controller proposed in this paper is effective.

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8

Le Ngoc Minh, Bui, Van Van Huynh, Tam Minh Nguyen, and Yao Wen Tsai. "Decentralized Adaptive Double Integral Sliding Mode Controller for Multi-Area Power Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2672436.

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Most of the existing results for load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems can only be obtained when the norm of the aggregated uncertainties is bounded by a positive constant. This condition is difficult to achieve in real multi-area interconnected power systems. In this paper, a new load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area interconnected power systems is developed based on a decentralised adaptive double integral sliding mode control technique where the above limitation is eliminated. First, an adaptive gain tuning law is adopted to estimate the unknown upper bound of the aggregated uncertainties. Second, a double integral sliding surface based adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed to improve the transient performance of the closed loop system. Simulation results show that the proposed control law results in shortening the frequency’s transient response, avoiding the overshoot, rejecting disturbance better, maintaining required control quality in the wider operating range, and being more robust to uncertainties as compared to some existing control methods.

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9

Yang, Minghui, Chunsheng Wang, Yukun Hu, Zijian Liu, Caixin Yan, and Shuhang He. "Load Frequency Control of Photovoltaic Generation-Integrated Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems Based on Double Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Controllers." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226103.

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With the rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) penetration and distributed grid access, photovoltaic generation (PVG)-integrated multi-area power systems may be disturbed by more uncertain factors, such as PVG, grid-tie inverter parameters, and resonance. These uncertain factors will exacerbate the frequency fluctuations of PVG integrated multi-area interconnected power systems. For such system, this paper proposes a load frequency control (LFC) strategy based on double equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) controllers. The PVG linear model and the multi-area interconnected power system linear model were established, respectively, and the disturbances were caused by grid voltage fluctuations in PVG subsystem and PV output power fluctuation and load change in multi-area interconnected power system. In PVG subsystems and multi-area interconnected power systems, two EID controllers add differently estimated equivalent system disturbances, which has the same effect as the actual disturbance, to the input channel to compensate for the impact of actual disturbances. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the frequency deviation range of the proposed double EID method is 6% of FA-PI method and 7% of conventional PI method, respectively, when the grid voltage fluctuation and load disturbance exist. The double EID method can better compensate for the effects of external disturbances, suppress frequency fluctuations, and make the system more stable.

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10

Sharma, Deepesh, and Naresh Kumar Yadav. "Lion Algorithm with Levy Update: Load frequency controlling scheme for two-area interconnected multi-source power system." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 14 (June 25, 2019): 4084–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219848033.

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In an interconnected multi-area power system, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a main challenging problem. This paper presents the Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controller for an interconnected two-area power system, wherein each area has multi-source power systems. The gains of the proposed controller are being optimized by Lion Algorithm (LA), utilizing an integral square error (ISE) criterion, to develop the proposed Lion with Levy Update-based FOPI controller (LLUFOPI). The proposed LA schedules the gain of the LLUFOPI controller by achieving the least possible error. Hence, the LLUFOPI controller assures better LFC in the two-area interconnected power system. The performance of the proposed controller is assessed by considering the practical constraints in power system such as Generation Rate Constraints (GRC), communication delay, AC/DC link, step load variation and Capacitive Energy Storage (CES) device. Finally, the simulation results show that the LLUFOPI controller provides a well- optimized gain that is 89% higher than the other algorithms with better stability. The Integral Square Error (ISE) value of the proposed controller is 81.1% lesser than the other algorithms. Better LFC in the two-area multi-source-interconnected power system is hence achieved with minimum ISE.

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11

Mohanty, Banaja. "TLBO optimized sliding mode controller for multi-area multi-source nonlinear interconnected AGC system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 73 (December 2015): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.06.013.

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12

Alrifai, Muthana T., Mohamed F. Hassan, and Mohamed Zribi. "Decentralized load frequency controller for a multi-area interconnected power system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 33, no. 2 (February 2011): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.015.

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13

Sina, Alireza, and Damanjeet Kaur. "Load frequency control of multi area interconnected power system using differential evolution algorithm." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20181110091820.

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In this paper, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to Load Frequency Control (LFC) in three areas of an interconnected power system. The proposed controller has appropriate dynamic response, so it increases damping in transient state in unhealthy conditions. Different generators have been used in three areas. Area 1 includes thermal non-reheat generator and two thermal reheat generators; area 2 includes hydro and thermal non-reheat generators, and area 3 includes hydro and thermal reheat generators. In order to evaluate the performance of the controller, Sim/Matlab software is used. Simulation results show that the controller designed using DE algorithm is not affected by load changes, disturbance, or system parameters changes. Comparing the results of proposed algorithm with other load frequency control algorithms, such as PSO and GA, it has been found that this method has a more appropriate response and satisfactory performance

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14

Xia and Liu. "Bi-Level Model Predictive Control for Optimal Coordination of Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control Units under Wind Power Integration." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100669.

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With the high degree of wind power penetration integrated into multi-area AC/DC interconnected power grids, the frequency regulation capacity of automatic generation control (AGC) units is not sufficient in the wind power-penetrated area, making it difficult to effectively suppress the frequency stability caused by the fluctuation of wind power. Therefore, a coordinated control strategy for AGC units across areas based on bi-level model predictive control is proposed in this paper to achieve resource sharing. The control scheme uses economic model predictive control to realize steady power optimal allocation of the AGC units across areas in the upper layer and distributed model predictive control to realize dynamic frequency optimization control of the multi-area AGC units in the lower layer. Taking a three-area AC/DC interconnected power grid with a wind farm as an example, the simulation results show that, compared with model predictive control using tie-line frequency bias control (TBC) mode, the proposed control strategy can not only effectively maintain tie-line safety and frequency stability, but can also reduce the regulation cost of multi-area AGC units.

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15

Nandi, M., C. K. Shiva, and V. Mukherjee. "Frequency stabilization of multi-area multi-source interconnected power system using TCSC and SMES mechanism." Journal of Energy Storage 14 (December 2017): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.10.018.

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16

Yang, Weilin, Dong Yu, Dezhi Xu, and Yiwei Zhang. "Observer-Based Sliding Mode FTC for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems against Hybrid Energy Storage Faults." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142819.

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An observer-based sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is developed in this paper, which is applied to an interconnected power system with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The model of the interconnected power system with HESS is introduced first. An observer is then proposed to estimate the unknown but bounded load disturbances and the actuator fault. The sliding mode fault-tolerant controller is further designed based on the observer ensuring that the area control error of the interconnected power system asymptotically converges to zero. The stability and the convergence of the whole system are proven based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed fault-control scheme is demonstrated through simulations.

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17

Alyazidi, Nezar Mohammed, Yousif Ahmed Al-Wajih, Magdi S. Mahmoud, and Mutaz M. Hamdan. "Stability Analysis of Cyber-physical System Under Transmission Delay." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 3, no. 3 (June 11, 2023): 396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v3i3.928.

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With the intimate integration of power grids and cyber networks, limited bandwidth and packet delay have a rapidly expanding negative impact on power system performance. The presented multi-area interconnected power system consists of four areas, each including thermal and hydro-generation plants. This paper investigates the stability analysis problem for cyber-physical systems with a round-robin communication protocol under mixed cyberattacks and load changes. The objective is to stabilize a multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS) using a static feedback controller while minimizing the defined performance function. Then, the stability of the MAIPS is characterized when the system is subjected to a transmission delay while considering predetermined limits for the duration and the frequency of the delay. Our findings indicate that time delays can influence system stability and that choosing an appropriate sampling interval is necessary to ensure the stability of the system. Finally, an illustrative example of three areas of interconnected power systems with several scenarios is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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18

Zhang, Chen, and Linfeng Yang. "Distributed AC security-constrained unit commitment for multi-area interconnected power systems." Electric Power Systems Research 211 (October 2022): 108197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108197.

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19

Alzaareer, Khaled, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, Claude Zeyad El-bayeh, and Mohammad Bany Taha. "Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area Interconnected Power Systems Using ANN Controller." Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle 34, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ria.340101.

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20

Chen, Chunyu, Kaifeng Zhang, Kun Yuan, Zonghe Gao, Xianliang Teng, and Qia Ding. "Disturbance rejection-based LFC for multi-area parallel interconnected AC/DC system." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 16 (December 8, 2016): 4105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0526.

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21

Ma, Miaomiao, Hong Chen, Xiangjie Liu, and Frank Allgöwer. "Distributed model predictive load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 62 (November 2014): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.04.050.

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22

Sani, T., A. Kunya, and N. Abdulazeez. "Load Frequency Control of a HVDC–Linked Multi–Area Interconnected Power System." Nigerian Journal of Engineering 30, no. 1 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/nje.2023.30.01.07.

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In this paper, a load frequency control (LFC) of high voltage direct current (HVDC)-linked interconnected multi-area power system (MPS) is presented. The control scheme is aimed at maintaining a near-zero steady state errors for deviation in frequency and inter-area power flow within acceptable limit in a three-area MPS. The proposed LFC was realized with aid of proportional integral (PI) controller designed in a decoupled form and a supplementary power modulation controller (SPMC). The SPMC regulates flow of DC power through the DC-link. The PI controllers are optimized based on integral square error (ISE) using quasi-oppositional whale optimization algorithm (QOWOA). The efficacy of the proposed LFC scheme was demonstrated through time-based simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system responses are compared with those obtained in conventional AC system. The comparative analysis revealed the superiority of the developed QOWOA-optimized HVDC-linked over the conventional AC system. The overshoot and settling times of frequency deviation and tie-line powers are used as the performance metrics.

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23

Vlahakis, Eleftherios, Leonidas Dritsas, and George Halikias. "Distributed LQR Design for a Class of Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142664.

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Load frequency control (LFC) is one of the most challenging problems in multi-area power systems. In this paper, we consider power system formed of distinct control areas with identical dynamics which are interconnected via weak tie-lines. We then formulate a disturbance rejection problem of power-load step variations for the interconnected network system. We follow a top-down method to approximate a centralized linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal controller by a distributed scheme. Overall network stability is guaranteed via a stability test applied to a convex combination of Hurwitz matrices, the validity of which leads to stable network operation for a class of network topologies. The efficiency of the proposed distributed load frequency controller is illustrated via simulation studies involving a six-area power system and three interconnection schemes. In the study, apart from the nominal parameters, significant parametric variations have been considered in each area. The obtained results suggest that the proposed approach can be extended to the non-identical case.

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24

Mirabbasi, Davar, Mohsen Parvin, and Hoseyn Javid. "A Comparison of Several Approaches to Load Frequency Control of Multi Area Hydro-Thermal System." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 04 (September 13, 2019): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol3iss04pp24-30.

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The main contribution of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is preserving frequency constant against the varying active power loads. System has several generating units in which the notion of fault/load tolerance has to be enhanced. For this purpose tie-lines are made between these interconnected units. In this paper, a fuzzy controller has been suggested for LFC of multi unequal area hydro-thermal interconnected power system. Simulation has been performed on a test system with four areas. First and second areas have thermal reheat power plant and third and fourth areas consists of hydro power plant with electric governor. Simulation has been carried out by Matlab / Simulink software and capability of the proposed technique confirmed by comparing its results with related values of PI and PID controllers.

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25

M. Horsfall, Otelemate, Nkolika O. Nwazor, and Stella I Orakwue. "A REVIEW OF NON-CLASSICAL LOAD FREQUECNCY CONTROL (LFC) SCHEMESFOR MULTI-AREA INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS (MAIPS)." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 9 (January 1, 2023): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v07i09.008.

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Load frequency control (LFC) is a critical factor in the design of an electrical power system. To obtain and sustain a steady state operation of a power system for the delivery of quality power, generated power must at all times equal the load demand plus the losses. To achieve this state a Load frequency control system also known as Automatic Generation Control system is employed in an interconnected power system. The load-frequency control (LFC) is used to maintain the balance between load and generation in each control area as well as maintain the tie-line power flow in a multi area interconnected power system (MAIPS). The main goal of LFC is to minimize the transient deviations and steady state error to zero in advance. In this paper, a literature review of some non-classical LFC schemes employed by researchers for multi area interconnected power system (MAIPS), using different techniques is presented, some advantage sand drawbacks of the reviewed schemes highlighted, comparison of schemes stated.

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26

Kaliannan, Jagatheesan, Anand Baskaran, and Nilanjan Dey. "Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller using Ant Colony Optimization." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2015040102.

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In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.

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27

Yin, Linfei, and Zhixiang Sun. "Distributed multi-objective grey wolf optimizer for distributed multi-objective economic dispatch of multi-area interconnected power systems." Applied Soft Computing 117 (March 2022): 108345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.108345.

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28

Yin, Linfei, and Zhixiang Sun. "Multi-layer distributed multi-objective consensus algorithm for multi-objective economic dispatch of large-scale multi-area interconnected power systems." Applied Energy 300 (October 2021): 117391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117391.

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29

Doan, D. V., K. Nguyen, and Q. V. Thai. "A Novel Fuzzy Logic Based Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 4 (August 21, 2021): 7522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4320.

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This study focuses on designing an effective intelligent control method to stabilize the net frequency against load variations in multi-control-area interconnected power systems. Conventional controllers (e.g. Integral, PI, and PID) achieve only poor control performance with high overshoots and long settling times. They could be replaced with intelligent regulators that can update controller parameters for better control quality. The control strategy is based on fuzzy logic, which is one of the most effective intelligent strategies and can be a perfect substitute for such conventional controllers when dealing with network frequency stability problems. This paper proposes a kind of fuzzy logic controller based on the PID principle with a 49-rule set suitable to completely solve the problem of load frequency control in a two-area thermal power system. Such a novel PID-like fuzzy logic controller with modified scaling factors can be applied in various practical scenarios of an interconnected power system, namely varying load change conditions, changing system parameters in the range of ±50%, and considering Governor Dead-Band (GDB) along with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) nonlinearities and time delay. Through the simulation results implemented in Matlab/Simulink software, this study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fuzzy logic controller over several counterparts in dealing with the load-frequency control of a practical interconnected power system considering the aforesaid conditions.

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30

Li, Xue, Zhourong Zhang, Dajun Du, Jing Dong, and Yulong Wang. "Risk Assessment of Multi-area Interconnected Power System under Gas Station Network Attacked." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 1801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.2334.

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31

P.SinghParmar, K. "LFC System of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems using TVAC-PSO based Controller." International Journal of Computer Applications 88, no. 8 (February 14, 2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15372-3923.

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32

Gaur, Pushpa, Nirmala Soren, and Debashish Bhowmik. "Secondary Frequency Regulation of Multi-area Interconnected Hybrid Power System with Electric Vehicle." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 738–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2018.10.4.8.

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., Ibraheem, and Omveer Singh. "Hybrid GA-SA Based Optimal AGC of a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System." International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijepe.2010.78.84.

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34

Ranjan, Sudhanshu, Smriti Jaiswal, Abdul Latif, Dulal Chandra Das, Nidul Sinha, S. M. Suhail Hussain, and Taha Selim Ustun. "Isolated and Interconnected Multi-Area Hybrid Power Systems: A Review on Control Strategies." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 8276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248276.

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Concerned with the increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to fossil fuels, the entire world is focusing on electricity generation through renewable energy resources. The most advantageous aspect of the distributed renewable sources is to provide the electricity to remote, scattered and the deprived rural areas by developing the hybrid power system at the smaller scale where power transmission through grid extension is not viable due to some economical, technical or environmental constraints for building new transmission lines. An accurate and adequate control strategy becomes inevitable to uphold the smooth operation by restraining the frequency and voltage deviation within its limit ensuring the highest degree of reliability of hybrid power system to provide an adequate power quality. In this paper, a comprehensive review of different control strategies adopted in isolated and interconnected multi-area hybrid power systems is presented.

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35

Mishra, Vaibhav, Pradeep Rana, Nidhi Pal Singh, and Omveer Singh. "Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems Using Flower Pollination Algorithm." RIET-IJSET: International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2395-3381.2017.00010.7.

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36

Ma, Miaomiao, Xiangjie Liu, and Chunyu Zhang. "LFC for multi-area interconnected power system concerning wind turbines based on DMPC." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 10 (July 13, 2017): 2689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1985.

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37

Ahmadi, Adel, and Mohammad Aldeen. "Robust overlapping load frequency output feedback control of multi-area interconnected power systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 89 (July 2017): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.12.015.

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38

Arya, Yogendra, H. D. Mathur, and S. K. Gupta. "A Novel Approach for Load Frequency Control of Interconnected Thermal Power Stations." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 1, no. 2 (April 2012): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2012040105.

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This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller for load frequency control (LFC) of multi-area interconnected power system. The study has been designed for a three area interconnected thermal power stations with generation rate constraint (GRC). Simulation results of the proposed fuzzy controller are presented and it has been shown that proposed controller can generate the good dynamic response following a step load change. Robustness of proposed controller is achieved by analyzing the system response with varying system parameters.

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Kamal Khorsheed, Omeed, and Prof Dr Abdul Hanan Abdullah. "Subarea tree routing algorithm based infrastructure for mobile ad-hoc networks." Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/jacst.v8i1.19003.

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Ad hoc networks are self-organizing and multi-hop networks for data communication. Subarea Tree Routing (STR) has used for multi-hop networks for network division into various subareas. The main objective of this paper is creating a dynamic sub-area tree infrastructure for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). The proposed architecture uses the hierarchical procedure to divide the whole network into many geographical sub-area networks. In addition, each sub-area has a selected root node, we can configure the root node manually due to small ad hoc network and uses auto-discovery procedure to select the roots for large networks. The root node is located at the center of sub-area with hop level zero. The root function is used to update the routing table and root table for sub-area. After sub-area created any interconnected node detects a new inefficient node for sending the invitation message to join the sub-area tree. In the same sub-area, proactive routing protocols are used between the sub-area root node and its interconnect nodes and reactive routing protocols are used between all sub-areas root nodes. The new sub-area tree provides an infrastructure to avoid the flooding procedures. Routing in the sub-area tree avoids the transmission collision to optimize the ad-hoc networks.

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Sriram Vivek, B., K. Swetha, and D. Vijaya Kumar. "Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller in Three Area Multi Source LFC System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.31 (August 24, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.31.18201.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze power system with is interconnected with neighboring areas and having multisource power generation which is equipped with the fuzzy logic controller. Thermal, hydro and gas generating stations is used in each control area by considering real power environment. The proposed controller is tested with sudden step load disturbances. The dynamic response of LFC problem is studied by comparing with conventional controllers using MATLAB simulink software and found dynamic responses obtained satisfy the LFC requirement.

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Kumar, Sambugari Anil, Mungara Siva Sathya Narayana, and Kambali Jithendra Gowd. "Application of a TID Controller for the LFC of a Multi Area System using HGS Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 3 (June 2, 2023): 10691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5502.

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A Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controller is designed in this paper for the Load Frequency Control (LFC) issue of a multi-area interconnected restructured power system. The suggested TID controller settings are fine-tuned using a novel optimization technique known as Hunger Games Search (HGS) algorithm. A multi-area interconnected power system with various generating units is used to test the performance of the proposed TID controller based on HGS. The suggested controller also takes into account system non-linearities such as Generation Rate Constraints (GRCs) and Governor Dead Band (GDB). The superiority of HGS's optimization over a range of other significant optimization techniques, such as the grey-wolf optimization algorithm, has been confirmed. The simulation results show that the proposed TID controller based on HGS improves system frequency stability significantly under a variety of load perturbation scenarios.

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Barisal, Ajit Kumar, and Deepak Kumar Lal. "Application of Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2018010102.

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A novel attempt has been made to use Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm to optimize PI/PID controller parameters for AGC of power system. Four different power systems are considered in the present article. Initially, a two area thermal power system is considered for simulation. The superiority of the proposed MFO optimized PI/PID controller has been demonstrated by comparing the results with recently published approaches such as conventional, GA, BFOA, DE, PSO, Hybrid BFOA-PSO, FA and GWO algorithm optimized PI/PID controller for the same power system model. Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the robustness of the system to wide changes in the operating conditions and system parameters from their nominal values. The proposed approach is extended to different realistic multi-area multi-source power systems with diverse sources of power generations for simulation study. The acceptability and efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing with other recently published techniques.

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Muñoz-Benavente, Irene, Anca D. Hansen, Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, Tania García-Sánchez, Ana Fernández-Guillamón, and Ángel Molina-García. "Impact of Combined Demand-Response and Wind Power Plant Participation in Frequency Control for Multi-Area Power Systems." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091687.

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An alternative approach for combined frequency control in multi-area power systems with significant wind power plant integration is described and discussed in detail. Demand response is considered as a decentralized and distributed resource by incorporating innovative frequency-sensitive load controllers into certain thermostatically controlled loads. Wind power plants comprising variable speed wind turbines include an auxiliary frequency control loop contributing to increase total system inertia in a combined manner, which further improves the system frequency performance. Results for interconnected power systems show how the proposed control strategy substantially improves frequency stability and decreases peak frequency excursion (nadir) values. The total need for frequency regulation reserves is reduced as well. Moreover, the requirements to exchange power in multi-area scenarios are significantly decreased. Extensive simulations under power imbalance conditions for interconnected power systems are also presented in the paper.

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Et.al, Samuel Jonas Yeboah. "Gravitational Search Algorithm Based Automatic Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 4548–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1845.

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Demand and frequency deviation is gaining more popularity in power system research especially with multiple power systems interconnections and operations as a result of the complexity of power system network, network upgrade and renewable energy sources integration. However, stability of the power system with respect to momentarily fault of Load Frequency Control (LFC) models, in terms of time taken for the fault to settle, magnitude of overshoot and Steady-State Error (SSE) margin, still remain a challenge to the various proposed LFC designs for power system stability. This paper proposes an intelligent demand and frequency variations controller for a four-area interconnected power system using Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) optimisation technique. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) were integrated and implemented on the interconnected power system. The optimised GSA-PID controller demonstrated robustness and superiority with time taken for the instability to settle and maximum overshoot in all the four areas as compared to results with Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) PID controller and conventional PID controller under 1% and 5% load perturbation. The settling time in all the areas produced tremendous results with GSA-PID controller compared to the results of PSO-PID and conventional PID, the performance of GSA-PID controller shows better dynamic responses with superior damping, less overshoot, minimum oscillations and shorter transient duration.

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Satheeshkumar, R., and R. Shivakumar. "Ant Lion Optimization Approach for Load Frequency Control of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems." Circuits and Systems 07, no. 09 (2016): 2357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2016.79206.

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Jagatheesan, Kaliannan, Baskaran Anand, Nilanjan Dey, Amira S. Ashour, and Valentina E. Balas. "Load frequency control of multi-area interconnected thermal power system: artificial intelligence-based approach." International Journal of Automation and Control 12, no. 1 (2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2018.088599.

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Jagatheesan, Kaliannan, Baskaran Anand, Valentina E. Balas, Nilanjan Dey, and Amira S. Ashour. "Load frequency control of multi-area interconnected thermal power system: artificial intelligence-based approach." International Journal of Automation and Control 12, no. 1 (2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaac.2018.10008724.

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Naidu, Kanendra, Hazlie Mokhlis, Ab Halim Abu Bakar, and Vladimir Terzija. "Performance investigation of ABC algorithm in multi-area power system with multiple interconnected generators." Applied Soft Computing 57 (August 2017): 436–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2017.03.044.

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Padhan, Saroj, Rabindra Kumar Sahu, and Sidhartha Panda. "Application of Firefly Algorithm for Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Interconnected Power System." Electric Power Components and Systems 42, no. 13 (September 9, 2014): 1419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2014.933372.

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Saikia, Lalit Chandra, J. Nanda, and S. Mishra. "Performance comparison of several classical controllers in AGC for multi-area interconnected thermal system." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 33, no. 3 (March 2011): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.08.036.

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