Journal articles: 'Interchange Program'

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Bergstrom, Kimberly, Michael Ellis, Marilyn Keenan-Milligan, John W. Mucenski, and Donald H. Williams. "Strategies for Therapeutic Interchange of Biotechnology Medicines: Proceedings of an Invitational Conference." Hospital Pharmacy 35, no. 4 (April 2000): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870003500411.

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An invitational conference was held to plan a therapeutic interchange program for biotechnology products. The expanding use of biotechnology products has created new challenges and opportunities for organizations who want to implement these programs — with the dual goal of cutting costs and improving quality of care. Successful therapeutic interchange programs can use a variety of strategies, from gentle persuasion based on clinical effectiveness and cost savings to mandatory compliance and automatic substitution. After outlining risk-management considerations and motivations, as well as the barriers to the therapeutic interchange of biotechnology products, the participants identified the following key steps: (1) list biotechnology products that are potential candidates for therapeutic interchange; (2) establish an overall plan for therapeutic interchange programs; (3) select the specific biotechnology products that will be considered for therapeutic interchange; (4) devise a strategy for therapeutic interchange of the selected products; (5) implement the plan; and (6) track program success. The strategy must include a process for ongoing monitoring of clinical and economic outcomes to ensure that the program is meeting its objectives and provide feedback to program participants.

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Epstein, Howard I. "ASCE's Professional Interchange Program in Retrospect." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering 114, no. 2 (April 1988): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1988)114:2(192).

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Mogalli, Maged Abdullah, Abdullah Ibrahim Al-Mansour, and Seongkwan Mark Lee. "Performance Evaluation of Diverging Diamond Interchange Compared to Conventional Diamond Interchange: A Case Study in Riyadh City." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8712.

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The road users usually suffer from several kinds of congestion and delay especially at intersections. The traffic flow congestion due to increasing traffic volumes can be decreased by implementing some suitable alternative designs of interchanges such as Diverging diamond interchange (DDI) and conventional diamond interchange (CDI). In this study, a comparison between the DDI and CDI in traffic conditions in Riyadh city is conducted. The analysis involved different measures of effectiveness that includes delay, queue length, and number of stops. In this context, each interchange type was evaluated for traffic volumes at certain peak hours using micro-simulation program named as “Synchro.” The finding of this study shows that DDI provides a better result when compared with CDI in terms of delay, queue length and number of stops. The control delay for the DDI is approximately one third of the CDI. Also, the queue length for the DDI is about one half of the CDI. Furthermore, the number of stops for the DDI is as one half as the CDI.

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Archer, Ronald D., John S. Wood, Michael J. Cook, and Maryelise S. Lamet. "UEA/UMass Interchange Program, 1978 to Date." Journal of Chemical Education 74, no. 5 (May 1997): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p486.

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Sodorff, Michelle M., Kimberly A. Galt, and Michael A. Galt. "Pharmacists’ perceptions of a therapeutic-interchange program." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 999–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.10.999.

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A. Lawler, L. M., P. A. Logan-Sinclair, L. E. Holland, and G. Troutma n. "Black and White Learning Interchange." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00050.

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The unchanging status of Aboriginal health initiated the need for changes to training for Aboriginal Health Workers. Charles Sturt University, in partnership with the Remote and Rural Health Training Unit (RARHTU) initiated, in consultation with the local Indigenous community, a program for upgrading qualifications of Aboriginal Health Workers to degree level. Several unique features were incorporated in the program design: an educational facilitator without a health career background; a challenging first subject based upon student's familial personal history; specialist sessions provided by professional health workers; recognition of prior learning taking into account the many varied levels of existing regional health services training. This paper discusses the course design and evaluation results, including the impact of the program upon lecturer's teaching style, students' personal and working lives and the effects the course may have regarding the status of Aboriginal health in the local area. Results of the initial program evaluation are presented and discussed in this paper.

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Fox, Erin R., M. Christina Beckwith, and Linda S. Tyler. "Pharmacy-Administered IV to Oral Therapeutic Interchange Program: Development, Implementation, and Cost-Assessment." Hospital Pharmacy 38, no. 5 (May 2003): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870303800512.

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This study describes the development, implementation, and estimated vs. actual cost benefits of an IV to oral therapeutic interchange program. Secondary objectives were determining patient eligibility criteria and selecting medications for future inclusion in the program. Medical charts were reviewed to determine which patients were appropriate candidates for the interchange. Targeted medications were selected by reviewing the literature and the institution's drug expenditures. Five medications — famotidine, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, fluconazole, and azithromycin — were selected for the initial stages of the program. Preimplementation cost analysis suggested that the interchange would yield cost savings of more than $30,000 per year in medication costs alone. The interchange was piloted on a single nursing unit to determine best procedures and possible barriers to implementation. Data collected in the first 6 months after implementation indicated greater potential cost benefits than originally estimated. Including more medications in the interchange would further reduce drug acquisition costs.

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Oh, Taeho, and Thomas G. Franko. "Comprehensive therapeutic interchange program in a community hospital." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/48.7.1471.

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Chase, Sandra L., Andrew M. Peterson, and Cindy J. Wordell. "Therapeutic-interchange program for oral histamine H2-receptor antagonists." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 55, no. 13 (July 1, 1998): 1382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/55.13.1382.

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Lcdr Clay, Derrik R., Michael P. Bourg, and David B. Lawrence. "Outcomes of an amlodipine-to-felodipine therapeutic interchange program." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 57, no. 17 (September 1, 2000): 1604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/57.17.1604.

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Wong, S. C., Y. C. Du, H. W. Ho, and L. J. Sun. "Simultaneous Optimization Formulation of a Discrete–Continuous Transportation System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1857, no. 1 (January 2003): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1857-02.

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Consider a city with a highly compact central business district (CBD) in which commuters’ origins are continuously dispersed. The travel demand is dependent on the total travel cost to the CBD. The transportation system is divided into two layers: major freeways and dense surface streets. Whereas the major freeway network is modeled according to the conventional discrete network approach, the dense surface streets are approximated as a continuum. Travelers to the CBD either travel on the continuum (surface streets) and then exchange to the discrete network (freeways) at an interchange (ramp) before moving to the CBD on the discrete network, or they travel directly to the CBD on the continuum. Specific travel cost–flow relationships for the two layers of transportation facilities are considered. A traffic equilibrium model is developed for this discrete–continuous transportation system in which for a particular origin no traveler can reduce his or her individual travel cost to the CBD by unilaterally changing routes. The problem is formulated as a simultaneous optimization program with two subproblems. One subproblem is a traffic assignment problem from the interchanges to the CBD in the discrete network, and the other is a traffic assignment problem with multiple centers (i.e., the interchange points and the CBD) in the continuous system. A Newtonian algorithm based on the sensitivity analyses of the two subproblems is proposed to solve the resultant simultaneous optimization program. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

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Wang, Ronghua, Jiangbi Hu, and Xiaoqin Zhang. "Analysis of the Driver’s Behavior Characteristics in Low Volume Freeway Interchange." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2679516.

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Drivers’ behavior characteristics cannot be ignored in designing freeway interchange facilities in order to improve traffic safety. This paper conducted a field experiment in Qingyin expressway. Four freeway interchanges from K571+538 to K614+932 with relatively low volume were selected, and 12 qualified drivers, 6 car test drivers and 6 truck test drivers, were driving vehicles according to the driving program. GPS and eye-tracking instrument were employed to record running speed, real-time, running track, fixation point, and so forth. Box-plot graphs and Student’st-test were used to analyze the 12 data sets of driver’s fixation on exit guide signs. Speed-distance curves of effective 11 data sets were plotted to examine the test drivers’ behavior in diverging area and merging area. The results indicated that (1) drivers recognize the exit direction signs in 170 m–180 m advanced distance; (2) the diverging influence area is 1000 m upstream of the diverge point, and the merging influence area is 350 m downstream of the merge point; (3) NO OVERTAKING sign is recommended to be placed at 350 m upstream of the diverge point. The results can provide guidance for the design of freeway interchange facilities and management in order to improve traffic safety.

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Klann, Jeffrey G., Aaron Abend, Vijay A. Raghavan, Kenneth D. Mandl, and Shawn N. Murphy. "Data interchange using i2b2." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (February 5, 2016): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv188.

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Abstract Objective Reinventing data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs) to meet new analytical needs is slow and expensive. However, each new data research network that wishes to support its own analytics tends to develop its own data model. Joining these different networks without new data extraction, transform, and load (ETL) processes can reduce the time and expense needed to participate. The Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) project supports data network interoperability through an ontology-driven approach. We use i2b2 as a hub, to rapidly reconfigure data to meet new analytical requirements without new ETL programming. Materials and Methods Our 12-site National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Clinical Data Research Network (CDRN) uses i2b2 to query data. We developed a process to generate a PCORnet Common Data Model (CDM) physical database directly from existing i2b2 systems, thereby supporting PCORnet analytic queries without new ETL programming. This involved: a formalized process for representing i2b2 information models (the specification of data types and formats); an information model that represents CDM Version 1.0; and a program that generates CDM tables, driven by this information model. This approach is generalizable to any logical information model. Results Eight PCORnet CDRN sites have implemented this approach and generated a CDM database without a new ETL process from the EHR. This enables federated querying within the CDRN and compatibility with the national PCORnet Distributed Research Network. Discussion We have established a way to adapt i2b2 to new information models without requiring changes to the underlying data. Eight Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Health System sites vetted this methodology, resulting in a network that, at present, supports research on 10 million patients’ data. Conclusion New analytical requirements can be quickly and cost-effectively supported by i2b2 without creating new data extraction processes from the EHR.

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Ward, Leah G., and Sara S. Aton. "Impact of an interchange program to support use of insulin pens." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 68, no. 14 (July 15, 2011): 1349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp100535.

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D'Amore, Michael, Patricia Masters, and Carolyn Maroun. "Impact of an Automatic Therapeutic Interchange Program on Discharge Medication Selection." Hospital Pharmacy 38, no. 10 (October 2003): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870303801015.

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Chaffman, Michael O., William B. Webster, and John T. Winiecki. "Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of a Large Niacin Therapeutic Interchange Program." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 47, no. 5 (April 23, 2013): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1r736.

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Brophy, Donald F., Elizabeth BD Ripley, Denise R. Kockler, Seina Lee, and Lori A. Proeschel. "Darbepoetin Alfa Therapeutic Interchange Protocol for Anemia in Dialysis." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 39, no. 11 (November 2005): 1808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1g329.

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BACKGROUND Erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins, such as erythropoietin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, have positively impacted anemia management. These medications improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Their costs, however, remain a major barrier for health systems. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the development, implementation, and cost-effectiveness of an inpatient therapeutic interchange protocol for erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins at a large, tertiary care, university-affiliated health system. METHODS Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS) developed and implemented a therapeutic interchange program to convert therapy for all inpatients undergoing dialysis from erythropoietin alfa to darbepoetin alfa for treatment of chronic kidney disease–related anemia. An evaluation of the economic impact of this program on drug expenditures over a fiscal quarter (2003) was conducted using historical comparator data (2002). RESULTS Preliminary evaluation of the program demonstrated cost-savings and reduced drug utilization of erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins in hospitalized dialysis patients. For the first quarter of 2003 compared with the first quarter of 2002, VCUHS realized a cost-savings of nearly $10 000, which was related to the program's aggressive screening procedure. When these data were normalized for equal numbers of patients in each group receiving one of the drugs, the actual cost-savings was over $2000. These cost-savings are largely due to reduced utilization of these expensive biotechnology products with implementation of a dosing protocol. CONCLUSIONS VCUHS has successfully developed and implemented a darbepoetin alfa therapeutic interchange protocol for hospitalized dialysis patients. This has translated into reduced use of erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins, resulting in cost-savings for the health system.

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Howard, Richard T., James P. Wilson, and James E. Smeeding. "Therapeutic Interchange of H2 Antagonists: Cost Savings and Impact on Outcomes." Hospital Pharmacy 35, no. 4 (April 2000): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870003500412.

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The objective of this study was to measure the annual cost savings associated with implementation of a histamine-2 receptor (H2) antagonist therapeutic interchange program and to compare specific preimplementation and postimplementation outcome measures, specifically the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and treatment failures. An analysis of all H2 antagonist patients was conducted at a private 59-bed, long-term, acute-care facility—1-year prior to and 1 year after an H2 antagonist therapeutic interchange program was implemented. The institution achieved a 99+% conversion of market share to famotidine products. Cost savings during the first year equaled $14,141. No ADRs associated with H2 antagonists were reported during the 1-year preimplementation study period. One ADR potentially associated with H2 antagonists was reported during the 1-year postimplementation study period. There was one treatment failure during each of the study periods.

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Fish, Leslie. "The Impact of a Therapeutic Interchange Program in a Managed Care Organization." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 5, no. 5 (September 1999): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.1999.5.5.438.

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Ramandya, Punta, Imam Muthohar, and Dewanti Dewanti. "ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGOPERASIAN INTERCHANGE TERHADAP RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKANDE." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v20i1.642.

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Berkembangnya kebutuhan manusia, salah satunya kegiatan transportasi. Namun, besarnya kebutuhan tidak seimbang dengan fasilitas trasnportasi yang ada. Dalam rangka mengakomodasi kebutuhan pelayanan kegiatan transportasi perlu adanya pengembangan jaringan untuk konektivitas. maka dalam hal ini Pemerintah Provinsi Banten bekerjasama dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten Serang telah membangun Interchange Cikande. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat pelayanan ruas jalan nasional disekitar kawasan industri sebelum dan sesudah beroperasinya interchange. Oleh karena itu agar dapat mengetahui arus lalu lintas yang akan terjadi diruas jalan nasional tersebut maka dilakukan prediksi arus lalu lintas dengan menggunakan Software SATURN (Simulation and Assignment Traffic to Urban Road Networks) yang merupakan program analisis jaringan yang dikembangkan oleh Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, sedangkan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja jaringan digunakan parameter VCR (Volume Capacity Ratio).Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa setelah beroperasinya interchange terjadi penurunan volume lalu lintas dari 1890 smp/jam menjadi 969 smp/jam dengan VCR 0,79 menjadi 0,40.

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Dixon, Michael P. "Calibrating and Validating TRAF-NETSIM Model of Single-Point Urban Interchange." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1591, no. 1 (January 1997): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1591-06.

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A model of a single-point urban interchange (SPUI) was calibrated and validated using the traffic simulation program (TRAF-NETSIM). The model was calibrated on the basis of field observations at several existing SPUIs, and the model was validated on the basis of measures of effectiveness at a prototype interchange. Statistical analyses of several parameters were performed to determine confidence intervals and decile distributions and to compare values and distributions with defaults provided in TRAF-NETSIM. Other parameters were verified by informal field observations at the prototype interchange. The validation of the model demonstrated that TRAF-NETSIM can adequately represent traffic operations at a SPUI. Observations regarding the SPUI will provide additional insight into SPUI traffic operational characteristics. The methodology used to calibrate and validate the model of the SPUI should also be applicable to other modeling applications, ensuring a realistic and accurate representation of traffic operational conditions in a transportation system.

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Nichol, MB, ASM Harada, J. Jones, A. Gilderman, and J. Salas. "TPP2: EVALUATION OF A THERAPEUTIC INTERCHANGE PROGRAM FOR CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS IN HYPERTENSION." Value in Health 2, no. 5 (September 1999): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)75816-2.

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Mohammad, Rima A., Burgunda V. Sweet, Bruce A. Mueller, Rachel L. Perlman, and James G. Stevenson. "Outcomes of an Erythropoietic Growth Factor Interchange Program in Hospitalized Chronic Hemodialysis Patients." Hospital Pharmacy 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4202-119.

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Lam, Edward, Pascal Van Hentenryck, and Phil Kilby. "Joint Vehicle and Crew Routing and Scheduling." Transportation Science 54, no. 2 (March 2020): 488–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0907.

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Traditional vehicle routing problems implicitly assume that only one crew operates a vehicle for the entirety of its journey. However, this assumption is violated in many applications arising in humanitarian and military logistics. This paper considers a joint vehicle and crew routing and scheduling problem in which crews are able to interchange vehicles, resulting in space and time interdependencies between vehicle routes and crew routes. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and a constraint programming (CP) model that overlay crew routing constraints over a standard vehicle routing problem. The constraint program uses a novel optimization constraint to detect infeasibility and to bound crew objectives. This paper also explores methods using large neighborhood search over the MIP and CP models. Experimental results indicate that modeling the vehicle and crew routing problems jointly and supporting vehicle interchanges for crews may bring significant benefits in cost reduction compared with a method that sequentializes these decisions.

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Getty, Robert L. "The Integration of Ergonomics in a Safety Improvement Program: Design and Implementation of an Ergonomics Initiative." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 12 (October 1993): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701208.

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When safety performance is characterized by high levels of strains, sprains and cumulative trauma injuries the need for ergonomics is clearly indicated. In addition, when workmanship defects and worker compensation costs are at an unacceptable rate the need for accelerated action is evident. When there is limited ergonomics orientation in a particular company, ergonomics cannot be prescribed as a cure-all. The program must enhance overall company safety, quality and productivity objectives. This paper describes an ergonomics-oriented safety improvement program based on these conditions, a benchmarking effort and the review of Human Factors Society proceedings and other ergonomics literature. The highlights of the program are participatory ergonomics, in-house ergonomic expertise development and integration with other company goals, medical management and other safety programs. Since the company size is much larger than most company programs and the need for accelerated improvement is required, a quick-fix initiation is recommended. This is accompanied by a development of long range medical management and prevention procedures. The initial phases of the program are underway and have been met with enthusiasm and an attitude that this involvement approach makes good sense. It is anticipated that the description of the development and initiation of this ergonomic program will provide beneficial interchange of professional experiences.

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Kang, Amy, Ashley Thompson, Johnny Rau, and Allison Pollock. "Effects of clinical decision support and pharmacist prescribing authority on a therapeutic interchange program." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 75, no. 17_Supplement_3 (September 1, 2018): S77—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170465.

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Hao, Kui Hong, and Bin Li. "Design of a AC Current Source for Inductive Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1638.

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Inductive loads are common in the real time monitoring system of aircraft engines. The excitation for these loads is better to chose current source. A stored program control interchange current resource based on DDS and current feedback amplifier was designed for these loads. When the output frequency of the resource was chosen 5kHz, the export current can reach 10mA and the change of the amplitude is less than 1%.

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Sodorff, Michelle M., Kimberly A. Galt, Michael A. Galt, Paul D. Turner, and Jason E. Lambrecht. "Patient Perceptions of a Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapeutic Interchange Program Across the Continuum of Care." Pharmacotherapy 22, no. 4 (April 2002): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.22.7.500.33677.

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Miller, Rachel. "Why EDI? What managers need to know about electronic data interchange: report of a program." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 20, no. 2 (June 1996): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(96)00020-8.

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Bukhari, Bukhari. "Otomatisi pembangkit program nc berdasarkan gambar input autocad 2d untuk machining centre mc-520." Jurnal POLIMESIN 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jop.v1i1.1391.

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Part program NC merupakan prosedur yang menentukan urutan proses dan posisi pahat relatif terhadap benda kerja yang harus di ikuti oleh mesin untuk membuat suatu komponen produk tertentu. Pembuatan part program NC membutuhkan seorang programmer yang mampu membaca gambar teknik dengan baik, mengenal proses permesinan, dan mampu mengubah informasi gambar tersebut secara benar. Dalam makalah ini dipresentasikan sebuah program pembaca file gambar AutoCAD yang berformat *DWG (Drawing) terlebih dahulu dirubah kedalam format *DXF (Drawing Interchange Format). Semua isi file yang di inputkan dibaca dari awal sampai akhir, yang kemudian disimpan dalam sebuah buffer data. Pada tahap selanjutnya buffer data tersebut akan diekstraksi guna pendefinisian jenis feature, origin feature, dan dimensi feature. Berdasarkan tiga informasi data tersebut maka program pembaca file gambar akan membangkitkan sebuah part program NC dalam format Bahasa manual (G-Code) untuk penerapan pada mesin MC-520. Penggunaan program pembangkit program NC ini dalam suatu proses akan dapat menekan anggka kesalahan input data pada saat pembuatan program NC, mereduksi waktu pembuatan program NC yang secara keseluruhan juga akan mengurangi waktu produksi.

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Yatskiv (Jackiva), Irina, Eftihia Nathanail, Mihails Savrasovs, Giannis Adamos, and Lambros Mitropoulos. "ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF STAKEHOLDERS ON TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE DESIGN AND OPERATION." Transport 33, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.5400.

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The paper advances the results of the on-going work conducted within the frame of the European Twinning project ALLIANCE. In the effort to assess educational needs of different stakeholder groups involved in the domain, this paper’s main interest is to study knowledge and importance of governance issues and smart solutions, which enable smooth and seamless interconnectivity of alternative transportation modes, and techniques for facilitating decision-making and evaluation of these solutions. Data were collected through a questionnaire web-based survey addressed to different stakeholder groups in Latvia: policy makers, industry, academia/research and students. From the statistical analysis conducted it was concluded that there are differences in the average rating of different thematic areas (i.e. governance, smart solutions, decision-making) by the respondents. Especially stakeholders belonging to policy makers, industry and students valuated their knowledge on Governance and Smart Solutions below average and at the same time these areas as important for carrier development. Recommendations on the adaptation of an education/training program for Latvia were drawn from the above analysis.

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Gainor, Carl, Gordon J. Vanscoy, Cynthia S. Niccolai, and Thomas L. Rihn. "Pharmacologic and Liability Considerations of Therapeutic Interchange with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins." Hospital Pharmacy 38, no. 7 (July 2003): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870303800713.

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Therapeutic interchange (TI), a formulary management process, is used by health care systems to help contain medication costs. A scientifically defensible and pharmacoeconomically beneficial TI program adheres to rigorous criteria enforced by an institution's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. In situations where adherence to essential criteria is not mandated, TI may not produce the intended clinical and economic outcomes, and in practice may have legal implications. Appropriate application of TI has been described within the position statements of certain health care organizations and associations. Due to the high cost and frequent use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), health care institutions have identified this pharmacologic class as a potential target for TI. Currently, the application of the TI process to LMWHs is questionable. This paper reviews the TI process and explores its controversial role in the formulary management of LMWHs.

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AKSIANOV, EVGENIY, OLGA ZANEGINA, ALEXANDER GRISHIN, SERGEY SPIRIN, ANNA KARYAGINA, and ANDREI ALEXEEVSKI. "CONSERVED WATER MOLECULES IN X-RAY STRUCTURES HIGHLIGHT THE ROLE OF WATER IN INTRAMOLECULAR AND INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 06, no. 04 (August 2008): 775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720008003588.

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Water molecules immobilized on a protein or DNA surface are known to play an important role in intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Comparative analysis of related three-dimensional (3D) structures allows to predict the locations of such water molecules on the protein surface. We have developed and implemented the algorithm WLAKE detecting "conserved" water molecules, i.e. those located in almost the same positions in a set of superimposed structures of related proteins or macromolecular complexes. The problem is reduced to finding maximal cliques in a certain graph. Despite exponential algorithm complexity, the program works appropriately fast for dozens of superimposed structures. WLAKE was used to predict functionally significant water molecules in enzyme active sites (transketolases) as well as in intermolecular (ETS–DNA complexes) and intramolecular (thiol–disulfide interchange protein) interactions. The program is available online at .

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Thomas, Amos Owen. "Regional Variations on a Global Theme: Formatting Television for the Middle East and beyond." Media International Australia 132, no. 1 (August 2009): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913200111.

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The issue of cultural interchange of foreign programming is growing ever more pertinent within the deregulated television industries of emergent economies and regions. Adaptation of global program formats has become a common practice around the world, though it has proven more challenging in the Middle East, in a context of variable religious conservatism, political freedoms and economic affluence. Drawing on case histories of format adaptations that have experienced differing degrees of success within the region, this paper develops inductively a typology for contingent creative strategies, namely replica, indigene, collage and hybrid. With an eye to targeting both advertisers and audiences, television networks and program producers might thus cater to diverse cultural sensibilities across sub-regional audiences when broadcasting regionally. Finally, the paper highlights under-researched issues surrounding media reproduction for geolinguistic regions.

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Ramele, Rohaslinda, and Juichi Yamazaki. "The Malaysian Homestay Program and the Japanese Minshuku: A comparative study." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI2 (December 27, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi2.2525.

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This paper discusses the characteristics of rural tourism in Malaysia and Japan by comparing the Malaysia Homestay Program and the minshuku. Japan has been chosen as a comparative case study since Japanese tourists are the second-highest number of foreign tourists visited the Malaysian Homestay Program until 2018. Findings have shown that the Malaysia Homestay Program was derived from the English bed-and-breakfast, while the minshuku has been influenced by the European farm-stay. Although they differ in concepts, organizations, regulations, and community participation, both have contributed to the development of the tourism sectors in both countries. Keywords; Malaysia Homestay Program; minshuku; lifestyle experience; urban-rural interchange eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI2.2525.

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Mack-Forlist, D. M. "Comments on “The History of Modern Shipbuilding Methods: The U.S.-Japan Interchange” and “The Productivity Problem in U.S. Shipbuilding”." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 04 (November 1, 1985): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.4.215.

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Comparisons of technology and productivity between U.S. and Japanese shipyards are made in two papers in the first issue of the Journal.23 Such comparisons are very difficult and, to some extent, questionable because of the differences in ships and in cost-keeping practices. They are complicated further by the intervention of governments in shipyard operations. In any case, the comparisons show that equalling foreign productivity would not make U.S. shipyards cost-competitive. A coherent government policy implemented by coordinated action is necessary to ensure the operating stability which is essential for productivity and innovation. This was shown by the U.S. wartime program. Clear aims and policies and coordination by government and industry—the entire industry, not led by any one organization or individual, such as Kaiser—produced both extraordinary output and innovation. Many new technologies can only be applied successfully in long-run stable programs which make the productivity gains from both innovation and series production possible.

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KELLY, WAYNE, and WILLIAM PUGH. "SELECTING AFFINE MAPPINGS BASED ON PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION." Parallel Processing Letters 04, no. 03 (September 1994): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626494000211.

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In previous work, we presented a framework for unifying iteration reordering transformations such as loop interchange, loop distribution, loop skewing and statement reordering. The framework provides a uniform way to represent and reason about transformations. However, it does not provide a way to decide which transformation(s) should be applied to a given program. This paper describes a way to make such decisions within the context of the framework. The framework is based on the idea that a transformation can be represented as an affine mapping from the original iteration space to a new iteration space. We show how we can estimate the performance of a program by considering only the mapping from which it was produced. We also show how to produce a lower bound on performance given only a partially specified mapping. Our ability to estimate performance directly from mappings and to do so even for partially specified mappings allows us to efficiently find mappings which will produce good code.

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Wurster, Simone. "Development of a Specification for Data Interchange Between Information Systems in Public Hazard Prevention." International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research 11, no. 1 (January 2013): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2013010103.

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Standards and specifications for public security are missing in many technical aspects as well as the areas of communication protocols and security management. Several research gaps related to these fields exist, particularly regarding R&D stage standardisation. Sherif et al. (2007) offer a framework to investigate project management aspects leading to successful standardisation. Its applicability for R&D stage security standardisation was examined and mainly proved by a recent InfraNorm survey in the German security research program. The German project InfraNorm aims at initiating the development of standards and specifications for the protection of transportation infrastructure. This article gives insight into the development of such a specification based on R&D results. Besides providing practical examples for activities related to Sherif et al.’s (2007) framework, the article suggests its extension. Standardisation challenges and solutions are also unveiled. The article finishes by outlining key aspects which may influence the adoption of the specification and by giving a short overview of current results. Application fields of the findings include, in particular, fast track standardisation procedures with voluntary implementation of the results, standardisations of R&D results and standardisation projects from small groups.

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Corvez, Adèle, and Anaïs Grand. "Enabling comparisons of characters using an Xper2 based knowledge-base of fern morphology." Phytotaxa 183, no. 3 (October 22, 2014): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.183.3.2.

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Ferns comprise both extant and fossil taxa displaying a broad morphological and anatomical disparity. In order to compare their features, we propose a knowledge base of 46 genera, 101 characters and 273 character states with illustrations, bibliographical references and annotations with terms from the Plant Ontology Consortium (amongst others). The knowledge base is designed with the Xper² program. Descriptions are exhaustive (i.e., all the taxa have been given values for every character) thanks to the management of inapplicable and missing data. The Xper² format is compatible with the standard interchange format Structured Descriptive Data (SDD). The user-friendly and intuitive environment provided by Xper2 should help users to take ownership of our conceptualization.

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Taylor, Geoffrey, Edith Blondel-Hill, Pamela Kibsey, Erwin Friesen, Ronald Tisdell, and Wendy Vaudry. "Containing Cefoxitin Costs through a Program to Curtail Use in Surgical Prophylaxis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 4, no. 5 (1993): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/875916.

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Objective: To reduce drug costs attributable to anti-anaerobic cephalosporins – specifically to reduce cefoxitin use in surgical prophylaxis.Design: Before and after intervention cefoxitin use comparison.Setting: Tertiary care hospital.Participants: Hospitalized patients.Interventions: Chart review of patients identified through pharmacy records as cefoxitin recipients was carried out to determine which physicians were the principal users of cefoxitin and the purpose for such use. These data were used to direct cost containment strategies.Main Outcome Measures: Hospital quarterly pharmacy acquisition costs and grams of cefoxitin used.Results: The departments of surgery (49%) and obstetrics/gynecology (37%) were the principal users of cefoxitin, and surgical prophylaxis was found to be the principal indication for use (63%). These departments were invited by the Antibiotic Utilization Subcommittee of the hospital’s Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee to draft surgical prophylaxis guidelines in keeping with published recommendations. Such guidelines were written and distributed to medical staff and substituted cefazolin for most forms of prophylaxis, gentamicin/metronidazole for colorectal prophylaxis and cefoxitin only for appendectomies. Over the following 21 months, hospital-wide cefoxitin use fell from 6093 g, $70,076 per quarter, to 1316 g, $11,515 per quarter (partially offset by a 2595 g, $9,131 per quarter increase in cefazolin use).Conclusion: As a first step in reducing hospital costs of anti-anaerobic cephalosporins, rationalization of cefoxitin use may be preferable to formulary interchange with alternatives such as ceftizoxime or cefotetan.

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Mamdani, Muhammad. "Cost Analysis of Therapeutic Interchange of Calcium Channel Blockers for the Treatment of Hypertension: Unexpected Results from a Conversion Program." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 6, no. 5 (September 2000): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2000.6.5.390.

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Farahani, Pendar, Ana Johnson, Marlo Whitehead, and Susan Rohland. "Sex/Gender -Based Pharmacology and Statin Utilization Amongst Elderly Patients with Diabetes." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 38, no. 6 (December 4, 2015): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v38i6.26200.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the ten-year trends in utilization of bioequivalent doses of statin amongst elderly patients with diabetes according to sex/gender in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A cohort of patients with diabetes (>65 years) was constructed using the Ontario Diabetes Database Statin utilization data (2003-2012) was obtained from the Ontario Drug Benefit Program for both women and men. Bioequivalent doses for statins were calculated according to the dosing conversion factor in therapeutic interchange programs in clinical practice. Utilization pattern of high potency (Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin) vs. low potency statins (Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Pravastatin) were also analyzed. Results: The average bioequivalent Simvastatin utilization in 2003 was 29.22 mg/day for women and 30.35 mg/day for men. By 2008, this gap in dosing was higher for both women and men and by 2013 it had increased to 47.75 mg/day for women and 52.98 mg/day for men. For average number of day supply per year, there was no significant trend of changes over the 10-year period, although the use of high potency statins increased significantly (P

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Goodwin, Megan M., Jerome M. Molleston, Susan Canny, Mohamed Abou El Hassan, Erin K. Willert, Rod Bremner, and Herbert W. Virgin. "Histone Deacetylases and the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor Regulate Lytic-Latent Switch Gene 50 in Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68-Infected Macrophages." Journal of Virology 84, no. 22 (August 18, 2010): 12039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00396-10.

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ABSTRACT Gammaherpesviruses are important oncogenic pathogens that transit between lytic and latent life cycles. Silencing the lytic gene expression program enables the establishment of latency and a lifelong chronic infection of the host. In murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68, γHV68), essential lytic switch gene 50 controls the interchange between lytic and latent gene expression programs. However, negative regulators of gene 50 expression remain largely undefined. We report that the MHV68 lytic cycle is silenced in infected macrophages but not fibroblasts and that histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate silencing. The HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) acts on the gene 50 promoter to induce lytic replication of MHV68. HDAC3, HDAC4, and the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) are required for efficient silencing of gene 50 expression. NCoR is critical for transcriptional repression of cellular genes by unliganded nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid, a known ligand for the NCoR complex, derepresses gene 50 expression and enhances MHV68 lytic replication. Moreover, HDAC3, HDAC4, and NCoR act on the gene 50 promoter and are recruited to this promoter in a retinoic acid-responsive manner. We provide the first example of NCoR-mediated, HDAC-dependent regulation of viral gene expression.

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Huang, M. J., and A. F. Shakal. "CSMIP Strong-Motion Instrumentation and Records from the I10/215 Interchange Bridge near San Bernardino." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 2 (May 1995): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585811.

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The 2540-foot long, multi-span, curved I10/215 interchange bridge near San Bernardino was extensively instrumented by the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The locations of the sensors on this freeway interchange bridge were carefully planned to achieve specific instrumentation objectives. Significant sets of strong-motion records were obtained from this bridge during the magnitude 7.5 Landers and the magnitude 6.6 Big Bear earthquakes of June 28, 1992. The epicenters of these earthquakes were about 50 and 30 miles (80 and 48 km) from the bridge, respectively. The maximum ground acceleration at the bridge was about 0.10 g for both earthquakes. The relative motion of the deck across the hinges was recorded and is characterized by sharp spikes in the acceleration records with a peak value as high as 0.81 g during the Landers and 1.02 g during the Big Bear earthquake. Without the spikes the peak acceleration on the bridge would be about 0.40 g during the Landers and 0.30 g during the Big Bear earthquake. The Landers records show that the bridge structure had a period of about 1.7 seconds in the transverse direction and 1.0 second in the longitudinal direction. The maximum relative displacement between the deck and the footing of a 57-foot column was about 16 cm in the transverse direction and 5 cm in the longitudinal direction during the Landers earthquake. The maximum relative displacement across one of the hinges during the Landers earthquake was 1.2 cm in the transverse direction and 3.6 cm in the longitudinal direction.

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Tantoni, Ahmad, and Mohammad Taufan Asri Zaen. "IMPLEMENTASI DOUBLE CAESAR CIPHER MENGGUNAKAN ASCII." Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36595/jire.v1i2.56.

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In this paper, it will discuss about the merger between caesar cipher with caesar cipher or called double caesar cipher. In this study will show the design of the double caesar cipher algorithm, in order to secure the database given the database login user form to make it safer. Double caesar cipher is the development of symmetrical caesar cipher algorithms. The encryption and description process has the same key, each of which has a key. Not only that, the research will also show the double caesar cipher algorithm script using the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) table and also in the .php programming language (hypertext preprocessor), then how do I run the double caesar cipher, the last is trying to enter plaintext into the double caesar cipher program then convert it to ciphertext and vice versa from ciphertext to plaintext again.

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Deryabin, Nikita S., Sergey M. Chernyshev, and Sergey N. Veselkov. "Experience of Hot Pack Rolling Application for Production of Specific Steels or Creep Resistant Alloys." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.699.

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Under the current conditions, the consumption of special purpose alloys or steels is growing. This is due to the development of the import substitution program. It should be noted, that such materials possess specific deformation behavior, which requires providing particular conditions of a hot rolling process. One of the characteristics of the deformation behavior is the narrow thermal plastic range. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a hot rolling in several stages, which include interchange of heating and rolling processes. For the purpose to resolve the issue, the experience of the multilayer hot rolling of plates has been investigated where all advantages of this way of a hot rolling process were used. Based on the method of the multilayer hot rolling, the pack rolling has been developed which gives the possibility of production of hot-rolled plates from special purpose alloys or steels.

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Gaetz, Marisa, Bethany Flanagan, Marion Scheepers, and Meghan Shanks. "Quantifying CDS sortability of permutations by strategic pile size." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 12, no. 01 (January 10, 2020): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830920500147.

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The special purpose sorting operation, context directed swap (CDS), is an example of the block interchange sorting operation studied in prior work on permutation sorting. CDShas been postulated to model certain molecular sorting events that occur in the genome maintenance program of some species of ciliates. We investigate the mathematical structure of permutations not sortable by the CDSsorting operation. In particular, we present substantial progress towards quantifying permutations with a given strategic pile size, which can be understood as a measure of CDSnon-sortability. Our main results include formulas for the number of permutations in [Formula: see text] with maximum size strategic pile. More generally, we derive a formula for the number of permutations in [Formula: see text] with strategic pile size [Formula: see text], in addition to an algorithm for computing certain coefficients of this formula, which we call merge numbers.

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Rando, Thomas C. "XML-Based Interoperability in the Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE)." Journal of Ship Production 17, no. 02 (May 1, 2001): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2001.17.2.69.

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Interoperability is one of the major challenges facing the U.S. shipbuilding industry today, and the new WWW technologies (in particular, XML) offer the opportunity for revolutionary improvements in this area. XML is being used within the Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) to achieve interoperability of shipbuilding systems technologies through the interchange of shipbuilding product information. The ISE project is a multi-shipyard project funded by the Maritech-Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise (ASE) program. ISE has developed a reference architecture for systems technologies in the U.S. shipbuilding industry, and it has applied this reference architecture to the solution of the primary interoperability business drivers in the industry today. The ISE has identified both functional requirements and technical requirements for maritime product information sharing. This paper describes the ISE approach for using XML to accomplish application-to-application (A2A) interoperability for the shipbuilding industry.

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Farrell, Aaron C., and Ronald B. Scheckenberger. "An Assessment of Long-Term Monitoring Data for Constructed Wetlands for Urban Highway Runoff Control." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.020.

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Abstract Constructed wetlands have gained acceptance as a means of treating stormwater runoff from urban developments. Much of the available data regarding the performance of these facilities is based upon monitoring conducted over the course of less than two years, and as such inherently assumes that the period of analysis represents the “typical” or “design” conditions under which these facilities are intended to operate. While this information has provided guidance regarding the mechanisms by which wetlands provide quality treatment of urban runoff, it does not fully reflect the variability of conditions under which the facilities operate over the fullness of time, which is of particular concern to designers and operators. The construction of the Dartnall Road Interchange, as part of Hamilton's Lincoln Alexander Parkway, required a monitoring program—which included five years of water quality sampling—as a condition of approval by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. This paper reports on the quantitative and qualitative wetland water quality monitoring data (sediment, nutrients, metals) obtained over the course of a total seven-year program, and provides information regarding the operating conditions and estimates on contaminant removal efficiencies from the facilities.

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Gómez López, María. "Asilah Arts Festival (Morocco): encounters in the urban space." Ge-conservacion 11 (June 25, 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v11i0.429.

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This essay aims to present Asilah Arts Festival through its history, program and outcomes, as an interactive platform for international and local cultural interchange and diffusion but especially, as the essential preservative source it still is, particularly regarding the town’s urban and architectural ensemble and the national and international, material and immaterial legacy it celebrates. The methodology for this research combined a critical bibliographical analysis, followed by a three weeks stay in the Moroccan town carrying out fieldwork that included interviews, visits to sites of interest or participation in the event’s activities. The results obtained from this investigation have in this paper been grouped in four sections: “Urban and architectural heritage”, “Cultural heritage”, “Social impact” and “Everyday life”. These tackle how the event affects local economy, contributes to the population’s education, raises awareness towards the importance of the patrimony’s safeguarding or renders explicit the value of the town’s quotidian existence.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interchange Program'

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