Academic literature on the topic 'Interamerican organizations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interamerican organizations"
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Ribeiro, Daniela Menengoti, and Vanessa Da Luz. "A garantia dos direitos humanos no plano internacional, o acesso do indivíduo e a eficácia das decisões da corte interamericana de direitos humanos." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v8i2.8945.
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O artigo propõe uma análise sobre a garantia dos direitos humanos junto à Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA), e, a partir da análise dos institutos normativos garantidos de tais direitos no âmbito regional, estabelecidos na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, far-se-á uma reflexão sobre o efetivo acesso de particulares ao Sistema Interamericano de Proteção dos Direitos Humanos, bem como os mecanismos que garantam o eficaz cumprimento, pelos Estados-partes, das decisões proferidas pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Palavras-chaveEficácia, acresso, direitos humanos, Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos---WARRANTY OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL PLAN, THE PERSON'S ACCESS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERAMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS' COURT DECISIONSThe text presents an analysis of the ensurance of human rights by the Organization of American States (OAS). And based on the analysis of secured regulatory institutions of these rights, at a regional level, established in the American Convention on Human Rights, we attempted to render thought on the effective access of individuals to the Inter-American System of the Protection of Human Rights and the mechanisms to ensure effective compliance by States Parties of decisions given by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.KeywordsEffectiveness, acess, human rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights---RESUMENEl articulo propone un análisis sobre la garantía de los derechos humanos junto a la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), y, a partir del análisis de los institutos normativos garantizados de tales derechos en el ámbito regional, establecidos en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, se hace una reflexión sobre el efectivo acceso de particulares al Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos, bien como los mecanismos que garantan el eficaz cumplimiento, por los Estados-partes, de las decisiones proferidas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Palabras-claveEficacia; Acceso; Derechos humanos; Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
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Seatzu, Francesco. "Civil Society Participation in the Interamerican Development Bank’s Activities and Operations: Enhancing Democratic Accountability?" Spanish Yearbook of International Law Online 17, no. 1 (2013): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116125-01701004.
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NGOs and CSOs have progressively enjoyed easy access to, and better possibilities to affect decision-making processes taking place within the Inter-American Development Bank (‘the Bank’ or the ‘IDB’), including also the most recent decisions of the IDB affecting the relationship between Spain and the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Indeed, in particular the increasing intensity of NGO and CSO activities and their involvement in the performances and activities of the Bank and of its governing bodies at different levels and stages show that NGOs and CSOs over the last decade have become essential, though often under-recognized components of the operational structures of the internal governance of the IDB. CSOs may be, and often are, eligible to directly receive financings from the Bank. Starting from a brief introduction of the Bank followed by a set of normative arguments on the key accountability challenges facing the IDB Group, the paper will deal with the issue of NGO and CSO participation in relation to the decision-making process on the IDB Group’s financed operations, investment and programmatic lending operations. It will also consider the social and environmental accountability initiatives that derive from the Bank’s core aims of achieving poverty eradication and effective and sustainable development. In doing so, approaching the topic from an international legal perspective, the paper will first explore the broad and inclusive definition of what constitutes a ‘civil society organization’ for the IDB and its affiliated organizations. Secondly, and in more detail, it will consider the “Strategy for Promoting Citizen Participation in Bank Activities” as approved by the IDB Board of Directors in 2004 in order to expand, strengthen and systematize citizen and civil society participation in the Bank’s activities. Thirdly, the paper will focus on the Guidelines for the functioning of the Civil Society Advisory Councils (the ‘Guidelines’). Fourthly, it will describe how NGO and CSO participation is taken into account by the internal instruments of the Bank envisaging citizen and civil society participation in the IDB’s financial activities (including the most recent activities to enhance the trade and investment relationship between Spain and LAC countries). Therefore, the key features and characteristics of the Guidelines that are of special significance to NGO and CSO participation in the decision-making process on the IDB’s financed operations and in furthering the accountability of the Bank to its constituents – such as the criteria for the establishment and participation of CSOs and NGOs, the notification procedure, the meaning of ‘Civil Society Consulting Groups’, the methods for consultations at operational level, the possibilities for civil society groups and movements, including Spanish civil society groups and movements, to increase human rights and democratic accountability – will all be, in turn, the subject of specific analyses. Finally, the paper will conclude with some observations on the social and democratic accountability of the IDB to civil society and non-state actors, referring in particular to the experience of the internal accountability mechanism established by the IDB’s Board of Governors (the Bank’s highest authority) in 1994 – the Independent Investigation Mechanism of the Inter-American Development Bank (the ‘Independent Mechanism’) – that was established with the aim of “increasing the transparency, accountability, and effectiveness” of the Enhancing Democratic Accountability? 45 Bank and recently replaced by the created Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (ICIM) effective on June 30, 2010.
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Monteiro Lima, André Gustavo, and Cesar Oliveira Soares. "Análisis de las ciberacciones y la ciberorganización en la OEA." Hemisferio Revista del Colegio Interamericano de Defensa 7 (June 30, 2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59848/21.1207.hv7n3.
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The current globalized world has changed its form of relationship. Today, politics, investments, health and even security and defense are treated differently than they were treated 20 years ago. Critical infrastructures are increasingly vulnerable, cyber wars, in a broad sense, are increasingly innovative Cyberspace is now a major defense and security concern. With this understanding, the Organization of American States (OAS) has given greater importance to road safety issues. In this way, it instructed its Secretariat for Multidimensional Security to get involved with other organizations, such as the InterAmerican Defense Board (IADB), to promote and manage actions against this hemispheric threat. COVID-2019 emerged and the use of digital media increased exponentially, consequently, digital crimes also increased. Thus, through the Confidence- and Security-Building Measures related to cybernetics, the OAS began to prioritize regional actions as responses to the increase in those crimes. The search for resilience in responding to incidents has led the OAS, through the Cybersecurity Incident Response Team, to promote actions that mitigate the consequences of cyber aggression. A lack in this area is still the lack of a Legal Framework that, through pertinent jurisdiction, regulates and guarantees the use of the various cyber capabilities in favor of security and defense, giving legitimacy to the actions. The OAS has been working to provide adequate support to its Member States. But it is time to create new initiatives that lead to the control of actions. This analysis was based on the report of the OAS General Assembly AG/doc.5717/20, of November 13, 2020.
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Rosenberg, Robin L. "The OAS and the Summit of the Americas: Coexistence, or Integration of Forces for Multilateralism?" Latin American Politics and Society 43, no. 1 (2001): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2001.tb00171.x.
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AbstractFifty years after the creation of the OAS, political power is not centralized in that organization but variously diffused throughout the interamerican system. Meanwhile, the Summit of the Americas process has slowly acquired its own institutionality outside the OAS, and is sometimes perceived as challenging the primacy of the ideal of the OAS as the principal institution of interamerican relations. Even with its own weaknesses, the Summit of the Americas has become the most important force for reform of the OAS. As the hemisphere prepares for the third full summit in Quebec, this essay assesses the relationship of these two institutions and their future prospects.
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Dauer, Gabriel Roberto. "A visita da Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos na Argentina durante a ditadura civil-militar (1976-1983) | The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights’ on-site visit in Argentina during the civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983)." Mural Internacional 12 (July 17, 2021): e58852. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2021.58852.
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As violações de direitos humanos na ditadura civil-militar argentina (1976-1983) foram tema de foros multilaterais, sendo um deles a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) da Organização dos Estados Americanos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho analisa como a ditadura respondeu às críticas aos direitos humanos, particularmente quando da visita in loco da CIDH na Argentina em 1979 até a publicação de seu informe em 1980. Utilizamos da Análise de Política Externa para compreender as tomadas de decisão da ditadura para receber a CIDH, os atores envolvidos e as consequências nacionais e internacionais desse evento. A visita transformou o campo de oportunidades de denúncia e visibilidade de opositores ao expor as atrocidades da ditadura. Contudo, as decisões do regime não foram lineares: os militares não eram os únicos interessados em defender seus interesses; grupos de direitos humanos, exilados e organizações internacionais disputaram esse campo, somadas desavenças internas na Junta Militar que dificultaram uma congruência diplomática.Palavras-chave: Argentina; Ditadura; Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos.ABSTRACT:Human rights violations during the argentine civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983) were a theme on multilateral forums, such as the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) of the Organization of American States (OAS). The article analyzes how the dictatorship reacted to criticisms regarding human rights violations in Argentina, especially during the IACHR's on-site visit in Argentina in 1979 until the publication of its report in 1980. Theoretically, Foreign Policy Analysis concepts were articulated to understand the decision-making of the dictatorship to receive the IACHR, the actors involved, and the national and international consequences of the event. IACHR's visit transformed the field of human rights actors’ opportunities of complaints and the visibility of opponents by exposing the atrocities of the dictatorship, whose decisions were not linear: the military was not the only interested actor in defending its interests; human rights groups, exiles, and international organizations also disputed this narrative, while internal disputes in the Military Junta made Argentina's diplomatic congruence difficult.Keywords: Argentina; Dictatorship; Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Recebido em: 31 mar. 2021 | Aceito em: 23 jun. 2021.
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Roweder, Rainner Jerônimo. "A evolução da efetividade da proteção interamericana dos direitos fundamentais e humanos." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 3458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n5-055.
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A CIDH (Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos) é um órgão principal e autônomo da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) encarregado da promoção e proteção dos direitos humanos no continente americano. A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos é uma instituição judiciária autônoma cujo objetivo é a aplicação e a interpretação da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos. Nesse contexto, este artigo propõe-se a (1) descrever o funcionamento do sistema continental de proteção aos direitos humanos; (2) examinar a efetividade das recomendações e decisões emitidas por seus dois principais órgãos, a Comissão e a Corte de Direitos Humanos, e seu impacto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
The CIDI (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights) is a principal and autonomous body of the Organization of American States (OAS) charged with the promotion and protection of human rights in the Americas. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution whose objective is the application and interpretation of the American Convention on Human Rights. In this context, this article proposes to (1) describe the functioning of the continental system for the protection of human rights; (2) examine the effectiveness of the recommendations and decisions issued by its two main bodies, the Commission and the Court of Human Rights, and their impact on the Brazilian legal system.
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Galindo Domínguez, José Antonio. "Latin American Neoliberalism, a Transnational Class Project?" Latin Americanist 68, no. 2 (June 2024): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tla.2024.a929906.
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Abstract: This article contributes to recent research efforts in understanding Latin America’s neoliberal experience. While the phenomenon’s origins have often been associated with North Atlantic experiences, this study aims to explore its emergence in the region’s historical, ideological, and political contexts. By focusing on the Inter-American Council for Trade and Production (Consejo Interamericano de Comercio y Producción), a trans-national private organization active during the second half of the 20th century, the text delves into the formation of a distinctly Latin American neoliberal ideology. The groundwork for this ideology was laid amid transcontinental discussions, negotiations, and consensus-building efforts. Contrary to diffusionist narratives, which emphasize the North’s influence on the South, this study underscores the autochthonous roots of Latin American neoliberalism. By tracing the evolution of neoliberalism within the continent’s own history, this article challenges predominant interpretations and underscores the role of endogenous political, economic, and intellectual dynamics in shaping the region’s ideological landscape.
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Mijangos González, Javier. "La doctrina de la Drittwirkung der Grundrechte en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 20 (July 1, 2007): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.20.2007.6772.
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Through a study of the jurisprudence of the region over the last twenty years, it becomes possible to see that the CIDH has constructed an entire theory about the applicability of fundamental rights in relations between individuals in Latin America. Through this theory it has addressed the most important social problems in contemporary Latin American history, thus contributing to the transition to democracy for many countries in the region. The study will analyze the stages that the jurisprudence of the CIDH has passed through and which have led to the current criteria that this organization uses. The first stage consists of a series of rulings whose common denominator is the analysis of the obligation of respect and vigilance for fundamental rights by the states listed in article 1.1 of the American Convention on Human Rights. This principle, which is ever-present in its jurisprudence, brings the Inter-American Court to approaches that are similar to those proposed by the United States doctrine of state action, as it makes use of a good number of rulings made by the Supreme Court of the United States between 1960 and 1980. In the second stage, the importance originally placed on determining the characteristics of the agent who committed the violation of fundamental rights is replaced by a series of approaches in which the nature of the actual violation itself becomes the focus. In this phase, the Inter-American Court establishes the idea that the fundamental rights listed in the Convention are erga omnes obligations that are imposed not only in relation to the power of the State but also with respect to the actions of third-party individuals. Finally, the third stage in the evolution of the court’s jurisprudence is represented by the most pertinent case in this matter: Opinión Consultiva 18/03, requested by the United Mexican States regarding the legal status of immigrants. This resolution, which has established a trend up until today, definitively establishes the direct effectiveness of the fundamental rights in relations between individuals.
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Soares, Jose Alex, and Marcio Bobik Braga. "Felipe Herrera e o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID): uma disputa sobre os rumos do desenvolvimentismo na América Latina." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 11, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv11n2.2017.25090.
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O objetivo desse artigo é discutir o pensamento de Felipe Herrera, comprometido com integração da América Latina e o como desenvolvimentista no período em que esteve à frente como primeiro Presidente do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), na década de 1960. A partir das condições históricas, políticas e econômicas que se apresentaram, abordando dessa forma as políticas construídas no interior do BID para América latina e as conseqüências da disputa que se travou entre o intelectual da integração e o homem prático de um organismo internacional, quais foram as heranças e seus desdobramentos frente a idéia de construir um banco do desenvolvimento na região. Uma análise a partir de documentos, textos, relatórios e dados estáticos do próprio BID, afim, de avaliar sua herança para o Banco no processo de integração regional.Palavras-chave: Integração Regional; Desenvolvimento; América Latina; Banco Regional.Felipe Herrera and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB): a dispute about the direction of developmentalism in Latin AmericaAbstractThe objective of this article is to discuss the thinking of Felipe Herrera, who was committed to the integration of Latin America and the developmentalist in the period in which he was the first President of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in the 1960s. Historical, political, and economic issues that have arisen, addressing in this way the policies built within the IDB for Latin America and the consequences of the dispute between the integration intellectual and the practical man of an international organization. Unfolding the idea of building a development bank in the region. An analysis of the IDB's own documents, texts, reports and static data, in order to evaluate its inheritance vis-à-vis the Bank in the regional integration process.Keywords: Regional Integration; Development; Latin America; Regional bank.Felipe Herrera y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID): una disputa sobre los rumbos del desenvolvimiento en América LatinaResumenEl objetivo de este artículo es discutir el pensamiento de Felipe Herrera, comprometido a la integración en América Latina y con el desarrollo en el periodo en que dirigió el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) como su primer Presidente, en la década de 1960. A partir de las condiciones históricas, políticas y económicas que se presentaron, cubriendo así las políticas construidas dentro del BID para América Latina y las consecuencias de la disputa que se libró entre el intelectual de la integración y el hombre práctico de un organismo internacional, cuales fueron las herencias y su desarrollos ante la idea de construir un banco de desarrollo en la región. Un análisis desde documentos, textos, informes estáticos y datos del propio BID, con el fin de evaluar su herencia para o Banco en el proceso de integración regional.Palabras clave: la integración regional; el desarrollo; América Latina; banco regional
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Delgado, Rafael Gustavo, and Marysergia Peña. "OEA y la democracia en Américas Latina: a treinta años de la Convención de Santiago y a veinte años de la Carta Democrática Interamericana." IBERO-AMERICANA PRAGENSIA 48, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24647063.2022.5.
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The Organization of American States (hereinafter OAS) is the only setting for dialogue and political meetings of all the countries of the Hemisphere, and in recent years democracy has become a priority objective and value. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the role that the OAS has had and may have in Latin American democracies, through its political commitments and its normative body. It is stated that the capacity of the OAS to promote and defend democracy depends on the existence, or not, of an ideological consensus in the political systems of the region on the priority that this universal value has, and that only with a vocation of greater supranationality will it be able to promote and defend to democracy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interamerican organizations"
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Koch, Camila de Oliveira. "Critérios de judicialização de casos pela comissão interamericana de direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-29082016-094021/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar quais os critérios utilizados pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos para judicializar demandas perante a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, tendo em vista ser o órgão legitimado para apresentar casos individuais ao tribunal. A Comissão desempenha um papel de filtro negativo de casos, tanto na análise de admissibilidade de petições iniciais, quanto no envio de casos à Corte IDH. Contudo, apesar dos requisitos previstos na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, nem todos os casos que preenchem esses critérios são judicializados, conferindo ao órgão uma atuação opaca. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho busca verificar quais outros fatores determinantes poderiam ensejar as decisões da Comissão. Casos com determinadas características, sejam elas referentes ao perfil das vítimas, ao tipo de violação ou ao potencial impacto no país ou na região, possuem maiores chances de serem admitidos para análise e, potencialmente, enviados à Corte IDH. Nesse cenário, o este trabalho objetiva também analisar a atuação das ONGs de direitos humanos no papel de representantes das vítimas no Sistema Interamericano, tendo em vista que também utilizam critérios para selecionar quais casos terão seu apoio e defesa. As ONGs, atuando por meio de litígio estratégico, possuem um papel protagonista no Sistema Interamericano. A pergunta que a presente pesquisa visa responder é: a quem serve, afinal, o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos?The main objective of this work is to analyze the criteria used by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to submit cases before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, having in mind that the first body is the only legitimate to present individual cases to the court. The IACHR functions as a negative filter of cases, both admitting petitions to processing and deciding which cases will be sent to the IACourtHR. However, despite the requirements set by the American Convention on Human Rights, not all cases that fulfill these criteria are judicialized, providing the body a blurred and not transparent performance. Because of that, the present work seeks to verify what other determining factors could influence IACHR decisions. Cases with determined characteristics, be they regarding the profile of the victims, the type of violation or the potential impact they could cause in the country or in the region, have more chances in being admitted to processing and, later, sent to the IACourtHR. In this scenario, this work also aims to verify the performance of human rights NGOs playing the role of representatives of the victims in the Inter-American Human Rights System, taking into account that they also use specific requirements to select which cases will have their support and defense. NGOs, acting through strategic litigation, have a leading role in the Inter-American system. The main question this work intents to answer is: to whom, after all, serves the Inter-American Human Rights System?
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Scherma, Márcio Augusto 1983. "A atuação do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento no Brasil (1959-2006)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281580.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa as linhas de atuação do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) no Brasil, desde sua criação, em 1959, até o ano de 2006 (final do primeiro governo Lula), tendo como preocupação central detectar uma possível mudança no modo de atuação do BID a partir de fins da década de 80 e início dos anos 90, período de crise na América Latina. A hipótese da dissertação é que, embora tenha o BID sido influenciado pelo receituário do ¿Consenso de Washington¿ e por idéias mais liberais oriundas dos Estados Unidos durante os 70-80, as raízes do Banco garantiram a ele um papel mais independente do que outras instituições, fazendo com que, no caso do BID, as conhecidas ¿condicionalidades¿ nos empréstimos fossem menos relevantes e contassem com menos exigências. Acreditamos que e exemplo brasileiro é interessante para demonstrar isso, já que as chamadas ¿reformas neoliberais¿ ocorrem mais tardiamente no Brasil do que em outros países da América Latina; o que nos levou a questionar qual fora o real papel de organizações internacionais como o BID no processo de adoção destas reformas. Escolhemos o caso específico do BID por ser, esta instituição, a maior fonte multilateral de crédito brasileira
Abstract: This dissertation examines the lines of action of the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) in Brazil, since its creation in 1959, until the year 2006 (end of the first government Lula), with the main objective of detecting a possible change in the mode of action of the IADB from the end of the decade of 80 and the early 90, a period of crisis in Latin America. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that although the IADB has been influenced by the prescriptions of the "Washington Consensus" and some kind of liberal ideas from the United States during the 70¿s-80¿s, the bank¿s roots assured it more independence than others institutions, so that in the case of the IADB, the well-knowned "conditionalities" in loans were less relevant and contracted with fewer requirements. We believe that the brazilian example is interesting to demonstrate this, because the so-called "neoliberal reforms" occured later in Brazil than in other Latin American countries; what led us to question what was the real role of international organizations such as the IADB in the process of adopting these reforms. We have chosed the specific case of the IADB because this institution is the largest source of multilateral credit of Brazil
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais
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Reis, Ulisses Levy Silvério dos. "O Brasil e o combate à apatridia no sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8680.
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The focus of this dissertation is fixed on the forecasting and implementation of the right to nationality in normative documents and internal and international bodies as a responsible tool for eliminating the problem of not guarantee human rights to stateless persons. Under the inter-American system of human rights protection, both the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man as the American Convention on Human Rights guaranteeing the right to nationality to anyone, but on the continent there are still millions of individual who can’t enjoy a nationality for discriminatory reasons. From this fact, it discusses up the measures taken by Brazil to combat statelessness and if there is a transnational way to treat it from an interaction of the states around the Organization of American States. The investigation is justified by the fact that Brazil regularly sponsor global meetings aimed to resolving the issue of the right to nationality of such individuals, as well as the need to increase the studies in our country about the human rights norms of the Organization of American States. The methodology follows the deductive model subject to hermeneutic and comparative procedures. The exploratory and descriptive work’s bias is presented based on the analysis of international standards norms for protection of right to nationality, while comparing it under the light of Brazilian legal system will present proposals about the appropriateness or the need to improve the internal regulatory framework. The work is divided into four chapters. In the first, the concepts concerning the right of nationality and statelessness phenomenon will be displayed, their most common causes and the breaking point identified by Hannah Arendt in relation to the failure of the standard of human dignity to guarantee rights to those who do not enjoy a nationality. The second presents the development of international human rights law with regard to nationality. The next section reviews the milestones of the Brazilian law regarding the treatment of stateless persons, with an emphasis on its shortcomings and promoting a comparison – at legal level – with other Latin American countries. The last chapter discusses the Habermas’s proposal to form transnational states and how could such architecture contribute to the protection of stateless persons. The research shows that Brazil, despite having ratified the universal conventions on statelessness and be a signatory of the San José Pact, has an insufficient legal frame for the protection of these people which entails helplessness on the part of official institutions and violation of their basic rights of citizenship; at the same time, the formation of a transnational state based on the Organization of American States set up the possibility of ensuring the protection of stateless in the continent through the construction of a discursive and normative public sphere common to people and governments.
O ponto central investigado nesta dissertação fixa-se na previsão e aplicação do direito à nacionalidade em documentos normativos e órgãos internos e internacionais como ferramenta responsável por eliminar o problema da não garantia de direitos humanos aos apátridas. No âmbito do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos, tanto a Declaração Americana de Direitos e Deveres do Homem quanto a Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos garantem o direito à nacionalidade a qualquer pessoa, mas no continente ainda existem milhões de indivíduos que não podem gozar de uma nacionalidade por razões discriminatórias. A partir deste fato, problematiza-se quais as medidas tomadas pelo Brasil para combater a apatridia e se existe uma maneira transnacional de tratá-la a partir de uma interação dos Estados em torno da Organização dos Estados Americanos. A investigação justifica-se pelo fato de o Brasil periodicamente patrocinar encontros mundiais visando solucionar violações ao direito à nacionalidade, bem como pela necessidade de se aprimorarem no país estudos sobre a normatização de direitos humanos da Organização dos Estados Americanos. A metodologia adotada segue o modelo dedutivo sujeito aos procedimentos hermenêutico e comparativo. O viés exploratório e descritivo do trabalho se apresenta a partir da análise das normas internacionais de proteção do direito à nacionalidade, enquanto a comparação à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro apresentará proposições sobre a adequação ou a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do marco normativo interno. O trabalho divide-se em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, serão apresentados os conceitos relativos ao direito à nacionalidade e do fenômeno da apatridia, suas causas mais comuns e o ponto de ruptura identificado por Hannah Arendt com relação à insuficiência do padrão da dignidade humana para a garantia de direitos aos que não gozam de vínculo patrial. O segundo apresentará o desenvolvimento do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos no tocante à nacionalidade. A seção seguinte analisa os marcos da legislação brasileira com respeito ao tratamento dado aos apátridas, com ênfase em suas insuficiências e promovendo uma comparação – em nível legislativo – com outros países da América Latina. O último capítulo discute a proposta de Habermas de formação de Estados transnacionais e como poderia tal arquitetura contribuir com a proteção dos apátridas. A pesquisa demonstra que o Brasil, apesar de ter ratificado as convenções universais sobre apatridia e ser signatário do Pacto San José, possui um ordenamento lacunoso e insuficiente quanto à proteção destas pessoas, o que enseja o desamparo por parte de instituições oficiais e a violação dos seus direitos básicos de cidadania; ao mesmo tempo, a formação de um Estado transnacional com base na Organização dos Estados Americanos configura a possibilidade de garantir a proteção dos sem nacionalidade no continente a partir da construção de um espaço público discursivo e normativo comum para as pessoas e os governos.
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Sanchez, Melean Jesus. "THE ROLE OF THE OAS IN THE POLITICAL CRISIS OF VENEZUELA (APRIL 11, 2002- MAY 31, 2003)." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1133806832.
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Bernardi, Bruno Boti. "O sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e a justiça de transição: impactos no Brasil, Colômbia, México e Peru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-12012016-122034/.
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O objetivo desta tese é analisar como e por que a normatividade do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos sobre o tema da justiça de transição pôde exercer impacto sobre questões de direitos humanos no Brasil, Colômbia, México e Peru. Partindo da abordagem emergente na literatura de que os efeitos dos regimes internacionais de direitos humanos são condicionados por fatores domésticos dos países aos quais se dirigem suas normas e pressões, a pesquisa buscou delinear como a política doméstica influencia e medeia o impacto potencial dessas normas internacionais que compõem a cascata de justiça, salientando o papel de organizações não governamentais (ONGs) de direitos humanos e da cúpula do Judiciário local, já que tais atores são centrais tanto para o processo de justiça de transição quanto para a ativação e aplicação da normatividade do sistema interamericano. Nesse sentido, a partir de um desenho de pesquisa qualitativo que se baseou na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores da sociedade civil e magistrados envolvidos com a temática, além da consulta a fontes secundárias e sentenças judiciais, testamos a hipótese segundo a qual o sistema interamericano adquirirá aderência doméstica se e quando esses atores forem capazes de entendê-lo e instrumentalizá-lo como um mecanismo efetivo para o seu empoderamento. Assim, contrariamente à maioria dos estudos que privilegiam a ação do Executivo para explicar o impacto de normas e pressões internacionais de direitos humanos, nossas conclusões apontam para a necessidade de que as agendas de pesquisa sobre o regime internacional de direitos humanos e justiça de transição atentem mais para o papel e perfil dos atores judiciais e organizações litigantes de direitos humanos, pois os avanços em termos de direitos humanos passam muitas vezes pela mobilização de uma normatividade internacional que não pode ser entendida de maneira divorciada da agência de ONGs e magistrados.The aim of this dissertation is to analyze how and why the norms of the Inter-American Human Rights System on transitional justice exerted an impact on human rights issues in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Based on the emerging theoretical approach according to which the effects of international human rights regimes are conditioned by domestic factors of the target-countries, our research seeks to unravel how domestic politics influences and mediates the potential impact of these international norms that comprise the justice cascade, highlighting the role of human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the local higher courts, since these actors are central both to the process of transitional justice and for the activation and enforcement of the Inter-American systems rules. In this sense, a qualitative research design based on semi-structured interviews with civil society actors and judges involved with the theme was adopted, in addition to the consultation of secondary sources and courts rulings. Then, from the analysis of this material, we tested the hypothesis that the Inter-American system will have a domestic impact if and when NGOs and local judges are able to understand and use it as an effective mechanism for their own \"empowerment\". Therefore, contrary to most studies that focus on Executives actions to explain the impact of international human rights norms, our conclusions urge the research agendas on the human rights international regime and transitional justice to pay more attention to the role and profile of judicial actors and domestic litigants, since human rights advacements are anchored on the mobilization of international norms that cannot be understood separately from the agency of NGOs and magistrates
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Anjos, Priscila Caneparo dos. "Organizações internacionais e direitos humanos: uma análise dos casos brasileiros na Organização dos Estados Americanos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5664.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-21This research aims to study the main cases of human rights violations involving the Brazilian state, driven to within the American system of protection of human rights. Ultimately, this study intended to investigate the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on these issues. For the correct understanding of the issue, it was discussed the need to analyze some institutes of International Law, specifically international organizations and human rights. Accordingly, with respect to international organizations, the study examined its main points, covering its development history, its concept, its modifications according to the claims of society and, finally, its correlation to the protection and realization of human rights. Regarding the latter, the research needed to elaborate on their exponential issues involving its historical development, its conceptual determinations, the need for international protection and, in agreement with this, their systems of protection, both universal (present within the United Nations Organization) and regional (European, African, Arab and inter- American). Because of the main points of the study, the protection system of greater value was the inter-American system, enshrined in the Organization of American States, specifically in their Commission and Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The jurisdictionalization of this system is embodied in his Court, and, for a case of violation come to its attention, the Commission needs to understand that the Court s decision is essential. Thus, according to the survey, it was considered Brazil has a crucial role in the development of inter-American system, but, paradoxically, it is a major violator of human rights. The Brazilian state, in this sense, was sued by five times in the Inter-American Court - Damião Ximenes Lopes (Case 12237); Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho (Case 12058); Arley Joseph Escher and others (Case 12353), Garibaldi (Case 12478), and Julia Gomes Lund and others (Case 11552). Just in case of Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho it has not demonstrated that Brazil violated human rights.The conclusion was that Brazil was not a strong supporter and protector of human rights in the internalization and enforcement of these sentences. Brazil has only fulfilled part of the sentences. Finally, the study concluded that the inter-American system needs to enhance, despite its character of extreme importance in the protection of human rights. In the Brazilian case, it should treat their sentences more seriously to become a committed state not only to inter-American system, but also to the protection and realization of human rights of its citizens
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo dos principais casos de violações de direitos humanos, envolvendo o Estado brasileiro, levados ao âmbito do sistema interamericano de proteção de direitos humanos. Em última análise, destina-se esse estudo à investigação das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos nas referidas questões. Para a correta compreensão do tema, debateu-se sobre a necessidade do exame de alguns institutos de Direito Internacional, especificamente das organizações internacionais e dos direitos humanos. Nesse sentido, no que tange às organizações internacionais, examinou-se seus principais pontos, englobando seu desenrolar histórico, seu conceito, suas modificações de acordo com os reclames da sociedade e, por fim, sua correlação para com a proteção e efetivação dos direitos humanos. No que tange a esses últimos, viu-se a necessidade de discorrer sobre suas exponenciais questões, envolvendo seu desenvolvimento histórico, suas determinações conceituais, a necessidade de uma proteção a nível internacional e, em concordância com essa, seus sistemas de proteção, tanto universais (presente no quadro das Organizações das Nações Unidas), como regionais (sistema europeu, africano, árabe e interamericano). Por ali se encontrarem as questões cruciais do estudo, o sistema de proteção de maior valia fora o interamericano, consagrado na Organização dos Estados Americanos, mais especificamente em sua Comissão e Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A jurisdicionalização do referido sistema encontra-se materializada em sua Corte, sendo que, para que um caso de violação chegue ao seu conhecimento, necessário se faz o crivo anterior da Comissão. Assim, de acordo com a pesquisa, entendeu-se ter o Brasil um papel crucial no desenvolvimento do sistema interamericano, mas, paradoxalmente, constitui-se como um grande violador dos direitos humanos. O Estado brasileiro, nesse sentido, fora demandado por cinco vezes na Corte Interamericana nos casos Damião Ximenes Lopes (Caso 12.237); Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho (Caso 12.058); Arley José Escher e Outros (Caso 12.353); Sétimo Garibaldi (Caso 12.478); e Julia Gomes Lund e Outros (Caso 11.552) -, tendo sido condenado em todos eles, à exceção do caso Gilson Nogueira de Carvalho. Chegou-se à conclusão que, na internalização e cumprimento das referidas sentenças, o Brasil não se demonstrou um fervoroso defensor e protetor dos direitos humanos, pois veio cumprir apenas parte dos dispositivos das referidas sentenças. Finalmente, pôde-se concluir, com esse trabalho, que o sistema interamericano, obstante seu caráter de extrema importância na proteção dos direitos humanos, necessita aprimorar-se para que a efetivação se torne uma realidade nos Estados que dele fazem parte e, no caso brasileiro, deverá o Brasil tratar suas condenações com mais seriedade para que, de fato, venha a ser um Estado comprometido não apenas ao sistema interamericano, mas igualmente à proteção e efetivação dos direitos humanos de seus cidadãos
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Soria, Luján Daniel. "The defense of democracy in and out the borders. The political process of the OEA Dialogue Table from 2000." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/48648.
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This article describes the political process of the OAS Dialogue Table in 2000 Peru. This space, though singular and hardly replicable, was a successful experience to boost the political transition from Alberto Fujimori´s government to the transition government of Valetin Paniagua and the dismantlement of Fujimori´s legal support that affected the horizontal accountability in the country. The achieved success resulted from four factors: 1) The shortfall of internal and external legitimacy of the third government of Alberto Fujimori; 2) the international acknowl- edgement of the Dialogue Table as a space to carry out political transition and democratiza- tion; 3) the union and strengthening of the opposition; and 4) the division and weakening of parliament governing party. Likewise, this political experience, that took place in Peru, became the boost and justification for the birth of the Inter-American Democratic Charter in 2001.En el presente artículo se describe el proceso político de la Mesa de Diálogo de la OEA del año 2000 en el Perú. Este espacio fue una experiencia exitosa, aunque singular y difícilmente repetible, de impulso a la transición política del gobierno de Alberto Fujimori al gobierno de transición de Valentín Paniagua y de desmantelamiento del soporte jurídico fujimorista que afectaba la accountability horizontal en el país. Dicho éxito se debió a cuatro factores:1) El déficit de legitimidad interna y externa del tercer gobierno de Alberto Fujimori; 2) el reconocimiento internacional de la Mesa de Diálogo como el espacio para llevar adelante la transición política y la democratización; 3) la unión y fortalecimiento de la oposición, y 4) la división y debilitamiento del oficialismo parlamentario. Asimismo, esta experiencia política sucedida en el Perú fue el impulso y la justificación para el nacimiento de la Carta Democrática Interamericana en el año 2001.
No presente artigo descrevese o processo político da Mesa do Diálogo da OEA do ano 200no Peru. Neste espaço foi uma experiência com muito sucesso, mas excêntrica e de difícil repe- tição, de ímpeto á transição política do governo de Alberto Fujimori ao governo de transição de Valentin Paniagua e de desmontagem do apoio jurídico fujimorista que afetavam a accoun- tability horizontal no país. Esse sucesso se deve a quatro fatores: 1) O déficit de legitimidade interna e externa do terceiro governo do Alberto Fujimori; 2) O reconhecimento internacional da Mesa de dialogo como o espaço para levar adiante a transição política e a democratização;3) A união e fortalecimento da oposição; e 4) A divisão e o enfraquecimento do governo parlamentariam. Também, essa experiência política que aconteceu no Peru foi o impulso e ajustificação para o nascimento da Carta Democrática Interamericana do ano 2001.
Books on the topic "Interamerican organizations"
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Cargnelutti, Hugo Luis. Seguridad interamericana: Un subsistema del sistema interamericano? [Buenos Aires]: Círculo Militar, 1993.
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Cargnelutti, Hugo Luis. Seguridad interamericana: Un subsistema del sistema interamericano? Buenos Aires: Editorial Centro de Estudios Unión para la Nueva Mayoría, 1992.
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Pizzolo, Calogero. Sistema interamericano: La denuncia ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos : el proceso ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos : informes y jurisprudencia. [México, D.F.]: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2007.
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Foundation, Inter-American, ed. Fundación Interamericana. [Arlington, VA.] (1901 N. Stuart St., Arlington 22203): [Fundación Interamericana, 1997.
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Foundation, Inter-American, ed. Fundación Interamericana. [Arlington, VA.] (1901 N. Stuart St., Arlington 22203): [Fundación Interamericana, 1997.
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Cabra, Marco Gerardo Monroy. El sistema interamericano. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Juricentro, 1993.
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Cabra, Marco Gerardo Monroy. La reforma del sistema interamericano. Bogotá D.E., Colombia: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Maestría en Estudios Políticos, 1986.
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Romaña, Oscar Maúrtua de. Apuntes sobre la agenda interamericana. [Mexico]: CREFAL, 2010.
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Foundation, Inter-American, ed. La Fundación Interamericana: Formación de alianzas con corporaciones en las Américas. [Arlington, VA.] (1901 N. Stuart St., Arlington 22203): Fundacíon Interamericana, 2000.
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Foundation, Inter-American, ed. La Fundación Interamericana: Formación de alianzas con corporaciones en las Américas. [Arlington, VA.] (1901 N. Stuart St., Arlington 22203): Fundacíon Interamericana, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Interamerican organizations"
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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Organisation Universitaire Interamericaine (OUI) / Inter-American Organization for Higher Education (IOHE) / Organización Universitaria Interamericana/OrganizaçãO Universitária Interamericana." In World List of Universities / Liste Mondiale des Universites, 768–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12037-6_13.
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Trindade, Antonio Augusto Cantçado. "The Inter-American Human Rights System at the Dawn of the New Century: Recommendations for Improvement of its Mechanism of Protection." In The Inter-American System of Human Rights, 395–420. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265528.003.0013.
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Abstract The idea of a general revision of the inter-American system of human rights protection seems to have lately been gathering momentum in the American continent, aiming at the improvement of its mechanism of protection. A Seminar of Experts to that effect was held by the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights on 2-3 December 1996 at the headquarters of the Organization of American States in Washington DC. This Seminar was preceded by another event, the Conference of Experts on the Future of International Human Rights, co-sponsored by the Inter American Institute of Human Rights and the International Rule of Law Institute of George Washington University, which was held in Washington DC, 20-22 May 1996, and which also dwelt upon the subject of the perspectives of the inter-American system of protection in particular.
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Marino, Katherine M. "Inter-American Feminism’s Influence on International Law." In The Oxford Handbook of International Law and the Americas, C18P1—C18N77. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197661062.013.18.
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Abstract This chapter explores inter-American feminism’s influence on international law from the 1920s to the 1940s, when the Inter-American Commission of Women (Comisión Interamericana de Mujeres (CIM)), the first intergovernmental organization for women’s rights in the world, propelled innovative women’s rights treaties into the Pan American Union and League of Nations. This activism promoted married women’s nationality rights around the world and spurred Latin American and Caribbean feminisms. In the 1930s and 1940s, anti-fascism influenced inter-American goals for women’s economic and social rights and for international human rights. In 1945, a group of Latin American and Caribbean feminists who had cut their teeth on decades of inter-American activism was responsible for pushing women’s rights into the United Nations (UN) founding charter and for creating the UN’s Commission on the Status of Women. They also shaped international human rights in the Charter and in the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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"AG/RES. 1711 (XXX-O/00) “Human Rights Defenders in the Americas:” Support for the Individuals, Groups, and Organizations of Civil Society Working to Promote and Protect Human Rights in the Americas." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 16 (2000), 1904–7. Brill | Nijhoff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004530188_019.
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"AG/RES. 1671 (XXIX-O/99) “Human Rights Defenders in the Americas” Support for the Individuals, Groups, and Organizations of Civil Society Working to Promote and Protect Human Rights in the Americas." In Inter-American Yearbook on Human Rights / Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Volume 4 (1988), 4862–65. Brill | Nijhoff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004470606_057.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Interamerican organizations"
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Echeverria-Villagomez, Salvador. "Metrology Investment Projects for process Effectiveness." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.37.
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In every production process, as in every control system, there are actuator elements, measurement elements and control elements. Measurement and control are often mixed. The effectiveness of the process or the system depends very much on the proper integration and constructive balance among these functions. For intuitive reasons, most times it is easier to grasp the relevance of the actuator part in a process and more difficult to understand the relevance of the measurement part, or even the control part. That is a reason why metrology is sometimes underestimated. With the scientific conviction of the relevance of metrology for system control, CENAM has developed more than 250 projects with industry in Mexico through the MESURA Program [1,2]. Very relevant results were obtained in many of these projects and the methodology is now applied by a number of Centers, Companies and organizations, both in Mexico and abroad. This methodology has been shared also with National Metrology Institutes of the Interamerican Metrology System (SIM), and has been adopted to some extent by Jamaica, Uruguay, Panama and Colombia [3]. There, an initiative emerged from a private metrology laboratory, Global Metric, to merge the MESURA approach with the productive metrology approach of Kunzmann and Pfeiffer [4]. This approach identifies loses or leaks of profit due to non-optimum metrological practices. It takes into account, as MESURA did, the Taguchi Loss Function [5], and the works of Mader, et al; Rodriguez, et al; Trejo, et al; Usuda, et al and Pendrill [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. From the combination of these ideas, the purpose has been to analyse key processes in a company, identify opportunities for improvement with metrology and elaborate plans for Metrology Investment Projects (MIP). These MIP should evaluate clearly the technical opportunity to be addressed and translate it into economical data so that could be evaluated as any other investment project in terms of the Return on Investment (ROI) [11], Net Present Value (NPV) [12] or else. The methodology has been also seen as a complement to other improvement techniques as the Theory of Constrictions [13, 14], Re-Engineering [15], Lean Manufacturing [16, 17, 18, 19] and Six Sigma [20, 21]. The paper presents the developed methodology and the synergetic connections of MIP with other improvement philosophies, methodologies and techniques.