Dissertations / Theses: 'Interactive discourse'

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Wu, Hui-Yin. "Cinematic discourse for interactive 3D storytelling." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S097/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur les propriétés du discours de la caméra virtuelle autour de trois axes: le temps, l'histoire, et la présentation visuelle. Nous nous répondrons principalement à la question sur la façon d'analyser, d'exploiter des données, et de générer automatiquement des arrangements temporels de l'histoire et des contenus visuels. Nos techniques proposées peuvent être appliquées aux problèmes de planification automatique de la caméra dans des environnements 3D, et ouvrent des perspectives pour l'analyse cognitive du cinéma et de la narration visuelle
This thesis concerns the discourse properties of cinematographic storytelling around three axes: time, story, and visual presentation. We address the question of how to analyse and gain knowledge from data, and automatically generate temporal arrangements of story and their visual content. We work with actual film data to understand the good practices of visual storytelling. The techniques in this thesis target applications to automatic camera planning problems in 3D environments, and also open perspectives for cognitive analysis of film and visual storytelling

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Cawsey, Alison. "Generating explanatory discourse : a plan-based, interactive approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23785.

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Goddard, Angela. "Being online : linguistic strategies, involvement and interactive written discourse (IWD)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422754.

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Garoufi, Konstantina. "Interactive generation of effective discourse in situated context : a planning-based approach." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6910/.

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As our modern-built structures are becoming increasingly complex, carrying out basic tasks such as identifying points or objects of interest in our surroundings can consume considerable time and cognitive resources. In this thesis, we present a computational approach to converting contextual information about a person's physical environment into natural language, with the aim of helping this person identify given task-related entities in their environment. Using efficient methods from automated planning - the field of artificial intelligence concerned with finding courses of action that can achieve a goal -, we generate discourse that interactively guides a hearer through completing their task. Our approach addresses the challenges of controlling, adapting to, and monitoring the situated context. To this end, we develop a natural language generation system that plans how to manipulate the non-linguistic context of a scene in order to make it more favorable for references to task-related objects. This strategy distributes a hearer's cognitive load of interpreting a reference over multiple utterances rather than one long referring expression. Further, to optimize the system's linguistic choices in a given context, we learn how to distinguish speaker behavior according to its helpfulness to hearers in a certain situation, and we model the behavior of human speakers that has been proven helpful. The resulting system combines symbolic with statistical reasoning, and tackles the problem of making non-trivial referential choices in rich context. Finally, we complement our approach with a mechanism for preventing potential misunderstandings after a reference has been generated. Employing remote eye-tracking technology, we monitor the hearer's gaze and find that it provides a reliable index of online referential understanding, even in dynamically changing scenes. We thus present a system that exploits hearer gaze to generate rapid feedback on a per-utterance basis, further enhancing its effectiveness. Though we evaluate our approach in virtual environments, the efficiency of our planning-based model suggests that this work could be a step towards effective conversational human-computer interaction situated in the real world.
Die zunehmende Komplexität moderner Gebäude und Infrastrukturen führt dazu, dass alltägliche Aktivitäten, wie z.B. die Identifizierung von gesuchten Objekten in unserer Umgebung und das Auffinden von Orten, beträchtliche Zeit und kognitive Ressourcen in Anspruch nehmen können. In dieser Dissertation werden computerbasierte Verfahren präsentiert, welche eine Person dabei unterstützen, Zielobjekte in Ihrem Umfeld zu identifizieren. Dabei werden Informationen über die Situation und das physische Umfeld der Person - der sog. situierte Kontext - in natürliche Sprache umgewandelt. So wird Diskurs generiert, der einen Hörer interaktiv zum Erreichen eines Zieles bzw. zum Abschließen einer Aufgabe führt. Hierbei kommen Methoden aus der Planung zum Einsatz, einem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz, welches sich mit der Berechnung von zielgerichteten Handlungsabfolgen beschäftigt. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Verfahren widmen sich den Herausforderungen der Kontrolle des situierten Kontexts, der Anpassung an den situierten Kontext sowie der Überwachung des situierten Kontexts. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst ein Sprachgenerierungssystem entwickelt, das plant, wie der nicht-linguistische Kontext einer Szene manipuliert werden kann, damit die Referenz auf relevante Objekte erleichtert wird. Dadurch ist es möglich, die kognitive Beanspruchung eines Hörers bei der Interpretation einer Referenz über mehrere sprachliche Äußerungen zu verteilen. Damit die linguistischen Entscheidungen des Systems in einem vorgegebenen Kontext optimiert werden können, wird weiterhin gelernt, die Äußerungen von Sprechern danach zu differenzieren, wie hilfreich sie in bestimmten Situationen für die Hörer waren. Dabei wird das Verhalten von menschlichen Sprechern, welches sich als hilfreich erwiesen hat, modelliert. Das daraus entstehende System kombiniert symbolisches und statistisches Schließen und stellt somit einen Lösungsansatz für das Problem dar, wie nicht-triviale referentielle Entscheidungen in reichem Kontext getroffen werden können. Zum Schluss wird ein komplementärer Mechanismus vorgestellt, der potentielle Missverständnisse bzgl. generierter Referenzen verhindern kann. Zu diesem Zweck kommt Blickerfassungstechnologie zum Einsatz. Auf Basis der Überwachung und Auswertung des Blicks des Hörers können Rückschlüsse über die Interpretation gegebener Referenzen gemacht werden; dieser Mechanismus funktioniert auch in sich dynamisch verändernden Szenen zuverlässig. Somit wird ein System präsentiert, welches den Blick des Hörers nutzt, um rasch Feedback zu generieren. Dieses Vorgehen verbessert die Effektivität des Diskurses zusätzlich. Die vorgestellten Verfahren werden in virtuellen Umwelten evaluiert. Die Effizienz des planungsbasierten Modells ist allerdings ein Indiz dafür, dass die in dieser Arbeit gemachten Vorschläge dazu dienen können, effektive Mensch-Computer-Interaktion auf Basis von Sprache auch in der realen Welt umzusetzen.

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Triglone, Robyn J., and n/a. "The features of interactive discourse that characterise a reasoning-based teacher approach to classroom discussion." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.083357.

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This study takes a theoretical stance that relies on the notion that cognitive development is predominantly a process of learning. The study rests particularly on the Vygotskian theory that children learn within a social environment by practising cognitive skills, under expert tutelage, that they will later perform independently. If children are to develop skills in reasoning the classroom needs to be a place where reasoning skills are modelled, practised and reinforced. Certain features of interactive discourse may have the effect of emphasising the content of a discussion at the expense of the reasoning process and therefore of the practice of reasoning. This study investigated the interactive discourse of a classroom discussion that had reasoning as the sole objective of the discussion and identified the discourse features that characterised the discussion. One experimental kindergarten group and two experimental grade 1/2 groups were introduced to a reasoning-based approach using the Elfie package. A discussion, based on a children's story, was then held with these groups and with two experimental kindergartens that had received no previous exposure to the reasoning-based approach. Examination was also made of the discourse features of a control kindergarten discussion and a grade 1/2 discussion. Important differences were identified between the discourse features of the control and experimental classrooms. Analyses of the experimental discussions found a lower proportion of teacher utterances that were psuedo questions, and that included evaluation of pupil comments; a higher proportion of teacher invitations to explore the logical implications of an idea; a higher proportion of pupil utterances that were in response to other pupil comments and a higher proportion of pupil utterances that included reasons. Analyses of control discussions found that the prevailing pattern of discourse involved teacher initiation (often a pseudo question) - pupil response - teacher evaluation and re-elicitation. Discussion is included about the role such a pattern plays in emphasising content at the expense of the process of reasoning.

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Call, Jonathan J. "Student Teachers' Interactive Decisions with Respect to Student Mathematics Thinking." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3295.

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Teaching mathematics is a difficult and complicated task. For student teachers, who are extremely new to the mathematics classroom, this difficulty is magnified. One of the biggest challenges for student teachers is learning how to effectively use the student thinking that emerges during mathematics lessons. I report the results of a case study of two mathematics education student teachers. I focus on how they make decisions while teaching in order to use their students' mathematical thinking. I also present analysis of the student teachers' discourse patterns, the reasons they gave to justify these patterns, and how their reasons affected how they used their students' thinking. I found that generally the student teachers used student thinking in ineffective ways. However, the reasons the student teachers gave for using student thinking always showed the best of intentions. Though given with the best of intentions, most of the reasons for using student thinking given by the student teachers were correlated with the student teachers ineffectively using their student's thinking. However, some of the reasons given by the STs for using student thinking seemed to help the student teachers more effectively use their students' thinking. I conclude with implications for preparing future student teachers to better use student thinking.

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Walter, Eileen Louise. "THE INTERACTIVE USE OF LANGUAGE DURING READING LESSONS: HOW READING LESSONS ARE ACCOMPLISHED." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184191.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a system for describing the interactive nature of language during instructional discourse. The system was then used to describe instructional discourse during reading lessons where comprehension was the major goal. Recently, reading instructional research has been conducted to investigate what occurs during reading lessons. These researchers observed lessons using instruments consisting of categories of behaviors that were expected to occur. The present study contributed to this line of investigation by describing what actually occurred during reading lessons through the language of instruction. Eight reading lessons were audio-taped in two second grades and two sixth grades over a three-month period. During one lesson, a story from a basal textbook was read and/or discussed. During the other lesson, a book from the district literature program was read and/or discussed. During the basal lesson, a group of students, neither highest nor lowest in reading ability, was selected in each class. During the literature lesson, a group of students of mixed reading ability was audio-taped in three classes. In one second grade class, the same group was audio-taped for both lessons. From transcriptions of the audio-tapes, a system of analysis was developed, consisting of a pragmatic subsystem for identifying interactional functions of language and a semantic subsystem for identifying interactional functions of language and a semantic subsystem for identifying transactional functions of language. Interactional functions were described as different types of speech acts, termed instructional acts. Transactional functions were described as different types of topical relationships between utterances, termed topical moves and topical sequences. Data were analyzed quantitatively, comparatively, and qualitatively. From quantitative analyses, organization of instructional discourse across reading lessons was described. From comparative analyses, variations in organization of instructional discourse between reading lessons were described according to grade level, lesson type, and teacher. From qualitative analyses, topical development during reading lessons was described. Results indicate that reading lessons can be described by analyzing functions of language using methods of discourse analysis. Application of these methods revealed similarities and differences in the organization of discourse among lessons and discourse strategies used by teachers and students to interactively accomplish reading lessons.

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Turner, Jacob Stephen. "Investigation of the Relationships among Socially Interactive Technologies, Communication Competence, Social Cognition, and Formal Written Discourse." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245352041.

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Rogerson-Revell, P. "Interactive style and power at work : an analysis of discourse in intercultural business meetings." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543075.

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This study investigates verbal interaction in a series of intercultural management-level meetings in a large international airline corporation based in Hong Kong. It presents an analysis of the interactive style and the underlying interactive strategies of some of the participants in the four meetings, suggesting that variations in the use of such strategies relate to the different impressions speakers create, particularly with regard to influence and control. It was found that despite their overall similarity in structure and function, there seems to be considerable variation in interactive style both within and between meetings, relating to the level of formality and the behaviour of the speakers in terms of 'influence attempts'. What became apparent is that the use of interactive strategies, at both procedural and message-related levels of discourse, are stylistically-sensitive; ie how individuals use such strategies is dependent on what they consider to be appropriate interactive behaviour, which in turn is influenced by their underlying socio-cultural value system. There also appear to be a set of commonly recurring interactive strategies used in the meetings, although the choice of strategies varies from meeting to meeting and participant to participant. It seems that when interactive strategies are shared by several participants in a meeting, one interactive style will tend to dominate, to the advantage of 'in-group' users and the detriment of other 'nonusers'. The study has both a theoretical and practical aim. It tries to build on exisiting concepts of interactive style both within linguistic and management studies and suggest some provisional 'parameters' of interactive style and a 'taxonomy' of interactive strategies. It is hoped that these might be of some theoretical use for future research in the field and of some practical use for workplace communication training and materials production

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Garoufi, Konstantina [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Koller. "Interactive generation of effective discourse in situated context : a planning-based approach / Konstantina Garoufi. Betreuer: Alexander Koller." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045893358/34.

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Dang, Kim Dung. "Aide à la réalisation de systèmes de pilotage de narration interactive : validation d'un scénario basée sur un modèle en logique linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066720.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de fournir un modèle, une méthode et un outil d'aide à la réalisation de scénarios interactifs. Cette solution répond au problème de l'opposition entre la maîtrise du déroulement d'un jeu vidéo et son niveau d'interactivité. En d'autres termes, notre but est d'aider à réaliser des jeux vidéo dont l'évolution satisfait les intentions des auteurs tout en autorisant un déroulement influencé par les choix du joueur (exprimés aux travers de ses actions). Pour cela, notre proposition permet à l'utilisateur de produire un modèle de scénario de jeu de bonne qualité qui est : (a) riche - le scénario fournit suffisamment d'options pertinentes aux personnages joueur/non-joueur de sorte que le joueur puisse déterminer le déroulement du jeu et sente toujours que le discours créé est intéressant, (b) valide - tous les discours possibles dans le scénario sont cohérents et répondent aux effets désirés par les auteurs, (c) opérationnel - la représentation du scénario est exécutable. Ce scénario est ensuite employé comme l'entrée d'un système de pilotage de narration interactive assurant le contrôle de la gestion du déroulement du jeu. Par conséquent, l'évolution des jeux, qui sont dirigés par un tel système de pilotage, garantit que l'exécution du jeu respecte les souhaits des auteurs, et en même temps, autorise la liberté des actions du joueur. Pour répondre au problème exposé ci-dessus, nous appuyons notre solution sur un modèle mathématique calculable (la logique linéaire) qui offre des mécanismes de déductions rigoureux et automatiques.Nous avons fait un tour d'horizon des approches existantes concernant le pilotage de narration interactive et la validation de scénario. Ceci nous permet d'identifier les principes nécessaires à notre solution, tels que les éléments d'architecture d'un système de pilotage ; la construction,la représentation, l'exécution de scénarios narratifs ; les propriétés de narration importantes ; l'évolution de référence des paramètres dramatiques ; la structuration de discours ; la stratégie pour la validation d'un scénario ; les informations qualitatives et statistiques nécessaires... Nos contributions portent (1) sur la définition d'un ensemble de propriétés de narration spécifiant la qualité des scénarios de jeu ; (2) sur la proposition de modèles, algorithmes et outils pour écrire des modèles de scénario respectant ces propriétés. Nous validons nos résultats par la réalisation de deux exemples. Le premier est un extrait d'un jeu éducatif expliquant comment appliquer notre outil en vue de produire un modèle de scénario de jeu valide, qui est exprimé par un séquent de logique linéaire dont la représentation est conforme à un métamodèle du calcul des séquents. Pour le second exemple, nous décrivons le processus de production complet d'un jeu vidéo réel basé sur l'histoire " Le Petit Chaperon rouge ", mettant en oeuvre un prototype de système de pilotage que nous avons proposé, ce qui permet de dérouler le jeu selon le scénario valide produit, donc son évolution satisfait les intentions des auteurs, et en même temps, dépend des actions du joueur.

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Penhavel, Eduardo. "Marcadores discursivos e articulação topica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270781.

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Orientador: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T18:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Penhavel_Eduardo_D.pdf: 1049063 bytes, checksum: 580184886e99a8e923d3f7630c0cf65a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O presente trabalho compreende, numa primeira parte, uma análise do atual estado da arte no que se refere a pesquisas sobre Marcadores Discursivos (MDs) e, numa segunda parte, uma análise específica de MDs particularmente no âmbito da Perspectiva Textual-Interativa (Jubran e Koch, 2006). Na primeira parte, apresentamos uma proposta de classificação de abordagens de MDs, baseada em Fischer (2006a), segundo a qual podem ser distinguidos três tipos básicos de abordagens: (i) as que analisam como MDs expressões integradas a um enunciado matriz, com função de conexão e que se referem a um aspecto desse enunciado; (ii) aquelas que tomam como MDs expressões constituindo um enunciado independente, com função de gerenciamento da conversação e que se referem a planos de referência; (iii) as que consideram como MDs ambos os tipos de expressões. Em seguida, focalizamos a questão da pluralidade desordenada de abordagens particulares, típica do cenário atual de estudos sobre MDs, e argumentamos que essa situação deve-se, em parte, à natureza processual das expressões estudadas e, em parte, à diversidade desarticulada de modelos de análise que caracteriza a própria área de estudos linguísticos atualmente. Na segunda parte da tese, procuramos demonstrar, especificamente, de que forma os MDs contribuem para o processo de estruturação intratópica. Defendemos que, particularmente no gênero Relato de Opinião, esse processo funda-se na relação central-subsidiário, ou seja, na combinação, potencialmente recursiva, de conjuntos de enunciados que constroem referências centrais e conjuntos que constroem referências subsidiárias em relação a uma ideia nuclear em pauta no decorrer de um Segmento Tópico. Assumimos, então, que é em relação a esse esquema de organização que os MDs atuam em termos de estruturação intratópica e sistematizamos três aspectos desse uso: (i) definimos o traço sequenciador tópico, como consistindo na introdução de grupos de enunciados com estatuto tópico central ou subsidiário; (ii) demonstramos que os MDs operam em relação a domínios de estruturação intratópica; (iii) distinguimos dois padrões básicos de uso de MDs, correspondentes à marcação total e parcial das partes componentes de um domínio
Abstract: This dissertation is about discourse markers (DMs). It is organized into two parts. In the first part, a classification of approaches to DMs is proposed on the basis of Fischer's (2006) analysis. Three basic types are distinguished: (i) approaches that analyze DMs as expressions integrated into host utterances, with connecting functions and referring to a certain aspect of these utterances; (ii) approaches that take DMs as independent expressions, with functions regarding conversation management and referring to planes of reference; (iii) approaches that combine the first two types. In addition, the issue of the many different perspectives on DMs that presently exist is addressed, with the argument being that such a situation arises not only from the procedural nature of these items, but also from the unintegrated diversity of models of analysis available in linguistics nowadays. In the second part of the dissertation, within textual-interactive perspective (Jubran & Koch 2006), it is shown how DMs contribute to the process of intratopic structuring. It is argued that, in the genre Opinion Report, this process is based on the central-subsidiary principle. More specifically, it is argued that the intratopic structuring consists in a potentially recursive combination of groups of utterances that construct central references in relation to an ongoing core idea, with groups of utterances that construct subsidiary references in relation to such an idea. DMs are assumed to operate (in terms of intratopic structuring) with respect to this organizational mechanism, with three aspects of such use being systematized: (i) the feature topic sequencing is defined, and it is treated as involving the introduction of groups of utterances with central or subsidiary topic status; (ii) DMs are showed to operate in relation to intratopic structuring domains; (iii) two basic patterns of use of DMs are distinguished, corresponding, respectively, to the introduction of all, or a few of, the component parts of a domain
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística

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Steward, Sherry Ann. "A RHETORIC OF TECHNOLOGY: THE DISCOURSE IN U.S. ARMY MANUALS AND HANDBOOKS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4371.

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This dissertation examines the historical technical publications of the United States Army from 1775-2004. Historical research in Army technical communication reveals the persuasive characteristics of its technical publications. Elements of narrative, storytelling, and anthropomorphism are techniques writers used to help deliver information to readers. Research also reveals the design techniques writers adopted to unite the situated literacies of the troops. Analyses of print, comic, and digital media expose the increasing visualization of information since the eighteenth century. The results of such historical research can be applied to new media designs. Automating processes captured in paper-based technical manuals and adding intelligent functionality to these designs are two of many possible design options. Research also dispels a myth concerning the history of modern technical communication and illustrates the development of many genres and subgenres. Modern technical communication was not born of World War II as many scholars suggest, but was a legitimate field in eighteenth-century America. Finally, historical research in Army technical communication shows the systematic progression of a technological society and our increasing dependence on machine intelligence.
Ph.D.
Department of English
Arts and Sciences
Texts and Technology

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Nguyen, Hien Thu Grabowski Barbara L. "Effects of discussion constraints, discourse maps, and interactive intercultural elaboration in online discussions on students' knowledge construction, critical thinking, and intercultural sensitivity." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/PSUonlyIndex/ETD-4701/index.html.

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Rangraz, Masood. "The Uses of the Discourse Markers ‘well’, ’you know’ and ‘I mean’ in News Interviews." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och kultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108824.

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This study is about the use of three Discourse Markers (henceforth DMs) in news interviews. It is an attempt to demonstrate how well, you know and I mean are employed in news interviews. It also shows what participants accomplish using the DMs as rhetorical devices.

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Guerra, Alessandra Regina. "Funções textual-interativas dos marcadores discursivos /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86595.

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Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Leite Gonçalves
Banca: Clélia Cândida Abreu Spinardi Jubran
Banca: Marli Quadros Leite
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma análise comparativa entre as principais abordagens teóricas do estudo de Marcadores Discursivos (MDs) e da identificação de princípios elementares comuns a essas abordagens, especificar, e, assim, precisar, a definição de MDs da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI). Especificamente, o objetivo é levantar, no corpus selecionado, todas as unidades que preenchem os traços de um núcleo piloto definidor de MDs e, então: (i) definir funções específicas predominantemente textuais dessas unidades, como forma de especificação da variável articulação de segmentos do discurso; (ii) definir funções específicas predominantemente interacionais, como forma de especificação da variável orientação da interação (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); e (iii) identificar as diferentes formas morfossintáticas que funcionam como MDs e, então, possíveis correlações sistemáticas entre as formas e as (sub)funções dos MDs. A investigação teórica preliminar permitiu constatar que diferentes abordagens de MDs compartilham algum tipo de função conectiva. Com base nesse princípio da conectividade, foi especificada, e, em alguns aspectos, reformulada a definição de MDs da GTI. A parte da pesquisa referente à definição de subfunções predominantemente textuais evidenciou a necessidade de estabelecimento de critérios precisos de distinção entre seqüenciamento tópico e seqüenciamento frasal. A esse respeito, mostraram-se relevantes os seguintes critérios: (i) grau de integração sintática e semântico-pragmática entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (ii) grau de integração prosódica entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (iii) grau de relevância textual-interativa do segmento no interior do Segmento Tópico. Essa parte da análise permitiu distinguir três subfunções predominantemente textuais:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aims at refining Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) definition of Discourse Markers (DMs) based on both a comparative analysis among the main theoretical approaches on DMs and on the identification of common principles within such theories. The investigation aims particularly at searching the corpus for all the units which match the features of a defining pilot core and then (i) defining these unitsþ predominantly textual functions as a way of specifying the discourse segments articulation variable; (ii) defining predominantly interactional functions as a way of specifying the interaction orientation variable (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); and (iii) identifying the different morfo-syntactic forms which function as DMs as well as possible systematic correlations between such forms and DMs (sub)functions. The preliminary theoretical investigation has shown that different approaches on DMs share some kind of connective function. TIG definition of DMs was stated and, in some aspects, reformulated according to this connective principle. The part of this investigation dealing with the definition of predominantly textual sub-functions evidenced the need to establishment accurate criteria in order to distinguish topical sequencing and clausal sequencing. As to this, the following criteria have proven to be relevant: (i) syntactic and semantic-pragmatic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (ii) prosodic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (iii) the textual-interactive relevance degree of the segment within the Topic Segment. This analysis showed the predominantly textual sub-functions: Introduction, Sequencing and Topic Segment Closing. The definition of predominantly/primarily interactional sub-functions implied a rearrangement of interaction orientation variable based on the connectivity principle what led to a proposal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Comrie, Andrew. "Teaching in real time : a pedagogical analysis of the dynamic structuring of interactive subject matter discourse in the classrooms of student teachers on teaching practice." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2159.

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It would be difficult to overstate the complexity of the task a student teacher undertakes when she assumes responsibility for teaching her subject to a class during teaching practice. Vet, while issues surrounding teaching practice - such as the attitudes of trainees and their socialization - have frequently been studied (Zeichner, 1986a; Wragg,1982; Al-Hidabi, 1986), it is only recently that the actual classroom teaching of student teachers has attracted much sustained research attention (see, for example, Feiman-Nemser & Buchmann, 1986a, b, c; Leinhardt & Greeno, 1986; Bork & Livingstone, 1989). Consequently, little is known in detail about what students do, moment by moment, while engaging in the key practical component of their professional training. Considering that teaching practice - variously called the practicum, field experience, professional experience, teaching rounds, and so on - plays an essential part in all schemes of training (Collins, 1982), that training institutions in general have tended to increase the proportion of time devoted to school experience (Furlong, et al., 1988) and that students have frequently been found to view the practicum as the most valuable aspect of their course (Feiman-Nemser, 1983; Turney et al., 1985), the fact that the teaching of student teachers has been so little studied appears somewhat anomalous. This situation contrasts markedly with what is known about leaching in general from studies of experienced teachers. Research into the cognitive aspects of pedagogy has revealed something of the manifold complexities inherent in teaching. Thus the teacher may be viewed as a reflective professional who demonstrates 'knowledge-in- action' (Schon, 1983). Similar conceptions underlie perspectives which focus variously upon 'teacher decision making (Calderhead, 1980), 'teacher's craft knowledge' (McNamara & Desforges, 1978; Desforges & MacNamara,1979), or 'the knowledge base for teaching' (Shulman, 1986a, 1967). Drawing from such overlapping viewpoints, a composite picture of teaching emerges. Interacting with, say, thirty disparate individuals, who comprise the pupils in her care, the teacher engages in activities designed to illuminate her subject (Shulman, 1990). Her action is based on rapid and intricate discriminations among a multiplicity of overlapping events which often pass with bewildering speed (Doyle, 1986). She must simultaneously manage both the social order in the classroom and the development of academic work, and, where there is conflict between these twin goals, the former concern often seems to be accorded priority (Carter & Doyle, 1987). Thus the teacher's action seems designed to ensure that orderly states of activity are initiated and sustained (Brown & McIntyre,1989). An additional aspect of the teacher's action, which pervades the classroom, is the way she improvises pedagogical language, in an interactive setting, in an attempt to disclose subject matter knowledge (Erickson, 1982). The teacher also possesses an awareness of the differential abilities of pupils in the class and seeks to involve them in appropriate ways (Calderhead, 1980). Yet all her pedagogical action may be orchestrated into a seamless performance of such skill that its intricacy can easily be overlooked by an observer (McNamara, 1980). Thus it would appear that if teaching practice is conceived as an opportunity for learning through attempting to emulate what experienced teachers do, the student faces a central difficulty: much of the professional activity teachers engage in is not directly observable (Feiman-Nemser & Buchmann, 1986a, b, c). The student teacher may view the overt actions of a co-operating teacher, but she is not privy to the professional discriminations which inform these actions. Nor have teachers, in common with other professionals, been found to be naturally able to be explicit about their expertise in this regard (Berliner, 1986; McIntyre et el., 1988). And the student suffers still other disadvantages. Salient among these is the fact that she has to teach pupils she is barely acquainted with. Thus she does not possess the knowledge of the class, built up over many dozens of hours of interaction, that the co-operating teacher has, and so is likely to be hesitant in interpreting pupil behaviour. Nor does she have the store of knowledge, built up from years of exposure to other pupils and classes, that the experienced teacher may fall back on when she encounters a new class (Wragg & Wood, 1984). Similarly, while she may be enthused by her subject, she does not have the pedagogical knowledge of the subject matter that the experienced teacher will have accumulated (Shulman,1987). For instance, she is unlikely to know accurately what may be expected of pupils of different ages and abilities. Nor will she be keenly aware of the common misunderstandings that may need to be guarded against when she introduces pupils to a particular topic. Neither will she possess a store of useful analogies for explaining certain concepts, and so on (see, Shulman, 1986a, 1990; Wilson, et al. 1986).

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Bower, Matthew. "Designing for interactive and collaborative learning in a web-conferencing environment." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/26888.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Information and Communication Sciences, Computing Department, 2008.
Bibliography: p. 503-514.
This study investigated learning design in a web-conferencing environment based on three semesters of lessons conducted as part of an introductory programming subject. As well as characterizing the nature of discourse and interaction, the study focused on how the design of the interface, activity and task type affected collaboration and learning. Engeström's (1987) Activity Theory based upon a socio-constructivist view of learning was used to frame the analysis. --Interface designs incorporated theory relating to graphical user interface design, multimedia learning, and findings from the cognitive sciences. Activity designs were differentiated based on the degree of student ownership, from teacher-centred (transmissive) approaches, to teacher-led (guided interaction) approaches, to student-centred (collaborative group-work) designs. Types of tasks were considered on the basis of their level of knowledge (declarative, procedural and conceptual), their character (authenticity, situatedness) and their domain specific nature (in the field of computer science education). The effects of the different interface, activity and task designs on collaboration and mental model formation were explored. --A mixed method approach to analysis was adopted, incorporating a design-based research study and a multimodal discourse analysis. The design-based research allowed a broader, more interpretivistic and process focused analysis to be conducted, based on the strategic redesigns that occurred between iterations of the subject. The multimodal discourse analysis enabled more detailed, objective and outcomes based measurements of the subject of discourse, the nature of interactions and the types of modalities used to mediate learning. Triangulating data from the design-based research study and the multimodal discourse analysis provided a more complete description of phenomena and promoted greater reliability. --Results include the way in which different modalities afforded different possibilities for representing, and how combinations of those modalities could be effectively integrated by applying multimedia learning principles. Student-centred learning designs increased student involvement, allowing them to take greater ownership over the content and to more fully share their mental models. Authentic, meaningful problem solving tasks promoted greater student engagement. The capacity to dynamically redesign the interface based on the collaborative and cognitive requirements of the learning episode supported more effective implementation of conversational (Laurillard, 2002) approaches to learning. --More effective interaction and collaboration resulted from prescribing patterns of engagement, managing activity and technology so that student discourse could focus on content, and providing guidance regarding semiotic representational forms so that students could concentrate on applying those representations rather than inventing them. Teacher and student virtual classroom competencies critically influenced collaboration and learning. --Based on the findings in this study, a framework of nine pedagogical patterns for teaching and learning in web-conferencing environments is proposed. The framework provides an integrated approach to learning design that relates the interface design with the activity design and the level of knowledge (task type).
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vii, 514 p. ill. (some col.)

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Guerra, Alessandra Regina [UNESP]. "Funções textual-interativas dos marcadores discursivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86595.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:48:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guerra_ar_me_sjrp.pdf: 1397510 bytes, checksum: 0e030015689f28078d690836161a96f6 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma análise comparativa entre as principais abordagens teóricas do estudo de Marcadores Discursivos (MDs) e da identificação de princípios elementares comuns a essas abordagens, especificar, e, assim, precisar, a definição de MDs da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI). Especificamente, o objetivo é levantar, no corpus selecionado, todas as unidades que preenchem os traços de um núcleo piloto definidor de MDs e, então: (i) definir funções específicas predominantemente textuais dessas unidades, como forma de especificação da variável articulação de segmentos do discurso; (ii) definir funções específicas predominantemente interacionais, como forma de especificação da variável orientação da interação (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); e (iii) identificar as diferentes formas morfossintáticas que funcionam como MDs e, então, possíveis correlações sistemáticas entre as formas e as (sub)funções dos MDs. A investigação teórica preliminar permitiu constatar que diferentes abordagens de MDs compartilham algum tipo de função conectiva. Com base nesse princípio da conectividade, foi especificada, e, em alguns aspectos, reformulada a definição de MDs da GTI. A parte da pesquisa referente à definição de subfunções predominantemente textuais evidenciou a necessidade de estabelecimento de critérios precisos de distinção entre seqüenciamento tópico e seqüenciamento frasal. A esse respeito, mostraram-se relevantes os seguintes critérios: (i) grau de integração sintática e semântico-pragmática entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (ii) grau de integração prosódica entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (iii) grau de relevância textual-interativa do segmento no interior do Segmento Tópico. Essa parte da análise permitiu distinguir três subfunções predominantemente textuais:...
This study aims at refining Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) definition of Discourse Markers (DMs) based on both a comparative analysis among the main theoretical approaches on DMs and on the identification of common principles within such theories. The investigation aims particularly at searching the corpus for all the units which match the features of a defining pilot core and then (i) defining these unitsþ predominantly textual functions as a way of specifying the discourse segments articulation variable; (ii) defining predominantly interactional functions as a way of specifying the interaction orientation variable (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); and (iii) identifying the different morfo-syntactic forms which function as DMs as well as possible systematic correlations between such forms and DMs (sub)functions. The preliminary theoretical investigation has shown that different approaches on DMs share some kind of connective function. TIG definition of DMs was stated and, in some aspects, reformulated according to this connective principle. The part of this investigation dealing with the definition of predominantly textual sub-functions evidenced the need to establishment accurate criteria in order to distinguish topical sequencing and clausal sequencing. As to this, the following criteria have proven to be relevant: (i) syntactic and semantic-pragmatic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (ii) prosodic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (iii) the textual-interactive relevance degree of the segment within the Topic Segment. This analysis showed the predominantly textual sub-functions: Introduction, Sequencing and Topic Segment Closing. The definition of predominantly/primarily interactional sub-functions implied a rearrangement of interaction orientation variable based on the connectivity principle what led to a proposal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Tangpijaikul, Montri. "The Thai university student's fine-tuning of discourse in academic essays and electronic bulletin boards performance and competence /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/73139.

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Thesis (DAppLing)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Dept. of Linguistics, 2009.
Bibliography: p. 208-233.
Introduction -- Conceptual frameworks: language competence and the acquisition of modality -- Generic frameworks: speech, writing and electronic communication -- Linguistic frameworks: modality and related concepts -- Research design and methodologies -- FTDs in the ACAD and BB corpora -- Learner's use of FTDs in discoursal context and their individual repertoires -- Conclusions and implications.
While natural interaction is one of the important components that lead to successful language learning (Vygotsky 1978, 1986), communication in classroom practice in Thailand is mostly teacher-centered and not genuinely interactive. Online group communication is different because it allows learners to exercise interpersonal communicative skills through interaction and meaning negotiation, as in reciprocal speech situations. At the same time it gives learners time to think and produce language without having to face the kind of pressure they feel in face-to-face classroom discussion. The language learner's competence is thus likely to be enhanced by opportunities to communicate online, and to be more visible there than in academic contexts, although there is a dearth of experimental research to show this. One way of investigating the pedagogical potential of bulletin board discussions is to focus on the interpersonal linguistic devices used in textual interactions (Biber 1988). -- The purpose of this research is to find out whether students communicating online in bulletin board writing will exercise their repertoires of linguistic fine-tuning devices (hedges, modals, and intensifiers) more extensively than when writing academic essays. This was expected because hedges, modals and intensifiers are likely to be found in interactive discussions (Holmes 1983), while academic tasks do not create such an environment. Though hedges and modal devices are also found in academic genres (Salager-Meyer 1994, Hyland 1998), those used tend to be academic in function rather than communicative. -- In order to compare the frequency and variety of the fine-tuning devices used by learners in the two mediums, data was gathered from 39 Thai students of English at Kasetsart University, from (1) their discussions in online bulletin boards and (2) their academic essays. Tasks were assigned on parallel topics in three text types (narrative, explanatory, argumentative) for both mediums. The amount of writing was normalized to create comparable text lengths. Measures used in the quantitative analysis included tallying of the types and tokens of the experimental linguistic items, with the help of the AntConc 2007 computer concordancer. Samples of written texts from the two mediums were also analyzed qualitatively and compared in terms of their discourse structure (stages, moves and speech acts), to see which functional segments support or prompt particular types of pragmatic devices. -- The findings confirm that in electronic bulletin boards the students exercise their repertoires of fine-tuning devices more frequently, and use a greater variety of pragmatic functions than in academic essays. This is probably because online discussion fosters interactions that are more typical of speech (Crystal 2006), and its structure allows for a series of interpersonal moves which have no place in academic tasks. Text-type also emerged as a significant factor: writing argumentative texts prompted greater use of modals and intensifiers than the narrative and explanatory ones. Thus students' communicative competence showed itself most fully in the argumentative online assignments, and was not so evident in academic and expository essays. Frequent use of modal and intensifying elements was also found to correlate with the students' English proficiency grades, and how regularly they wrote online. This incidentally shows the importance of exposure to L2 in language acquisition, and that lower-proficiency learners need more opportunities to exercise their L2 resources in interactive discourse, in order to develop competence in using them. -- These research findings support Long's (1996) 'Interaction Hypothesis', that learners learn best in situations that cater for interaction; and Swain's (1985) 'Output Hypothesis', that learners need the chance to exercise their language naturally in a variety of contexts -through academic tasks as well as social interactions, which are equally important for language education. Extended performance opportunities undoubtedly feed back into the learner's communicative competence.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xi, 389 p. ill

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Lennie, June. "Troubling empowerment: An evaluation and critique of a feminist action research project involving rural women and interactive communication technologies." Queensland University of Technology, 2001. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18365/.

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Participatory research methodologies and the use of interactive communication technologies (ICTs) such as email are increasingly seen by many researchers, including feminists, as offering ways to enhance women’s inclusion, participation and empowerment. However, from critical and poststructuralist perspectives, some researchers suggest the need for greater caution about claims that participatory methodologies and certain communication technologies automatically enhance inclusion and empowerment. These researchers argue that issues of power, agenda and voice in the research context require greater attention (LeCompte, 1995). The major argument made in this thesis is that feminist researchers need to adopt a more critical and rigorous yet pragmatic approach to evaluating women’s empowerment, inclusion and participation, and that this approach needs to include an analysis of diversity and difference, macro and micro contexts, power-knowledge relations, and the contradictory effects of participation. The outcomes of this study suggest that this approach can create new knowledge and understanding that will enable the development of more effective strategies for women’s empowerment and inclusion. To explore and support this argument, findings are presented from a detailed evaluation and critique of a major feminist action research project that involved women in rural, regional and remote Queensland, Australia and elsewhere, a university research team and several government and industry partners. The project made extensive use of ICTs, including email and the Internet, and aimed to be empowering and inclusive. Given the many contradictory discourses of empowerment that currently circulate, empowerment is seen as a problematic concept. The multiple meanings and discourses of empowerment are therefore identified and considered in the analysis. With the increasing importance of communication technologies in rural community development, this study also evaluates the effectiveness of ICTs as a medium for empowering rural women. The ‘politics of difference’ (Young, 1990) that underpins attempts to include a diversity of rural women in feminist research projects presents many challenges to feminist praxis. Chapters 1 and 2 propose that, in evaluating such projects, researchers need to take diversity and difference into account to avoid reproducing stereotyped images of rural women, and to identify those who are included and excluded. This is because of the complex nature of the identity ‘rural woman’, the multiple barriers to women’s participation, and the diverse needs, agendas and ideologies of participants and stakeholders. The concept of seriality (Young, 1994) is used in this study to avoid reproducing ‘rural women’ and feminist researchers as women with a singular identity. Chapters 1 and 2 argue that a comprehensive and critical analysis of these complex issues requires an eclectic, transdisciplinary approach, and that this can be fruitfully achieved by using a combination of two feminist frameworks of theory and epistemology: praxis feminism and feminist poststructuralism. While there are commonalities between these frameworks, the feminist poststructuralist framework takes a much more cautious and critical approach to claims for empowerment than praxis feminism. The praxis feminist framework draws on feminist theories that view power as social, cooperative and enabling. Women’s diverse needs, values, issues and experiences are taken into account, and the analysis aims to gives voice to women. The purpose of this is to better understand the processes that meet women’s diverse needs and could be empowering and inclusive for women (or otherwise). In contrast, the feminist poststructuralist framework uses Foucault’s (1980) analytic of power as positive and strategic, exercised in all our interactions, and intimately connected to knowledge. The power-knowledge relations, and the multiple and shifting discourses and subject positions that were taken up in various research contexts are identified and analysed. The purpose of this is to highlight the contradictions and dangers inherent in feminist practices of empowerment that often go unnoticed. To achieve its practical and critical aims, this study uses two different, but complementary, research methodologies: participatory feminist evaluation and feminist deconstructive ethnography, and multiple research methods, which are outlined in Chapter 3. This eclectic approach is argued to provide maximum flexibility and creativity in the research process, and to enable the complexity and richness of the data to be represented and understood from a diversity of perspectives. Triangulation of the multiple methods and sources of data is employed to increase the validity and rigour of the analysis. Assessing how well feminist projects that use ICTs have met the aim of including a diversity of women requires an analysis of a wide range of complex social, economic, cultural, technological, contextual and methodological issues related to women’s participation. Analysing these issues also requires giving voice to a diversity of participants’ and stakeholders’ assessments and meanings of ‘diversity’ and ‘inclusion’. The results of this analysis, set out in Chapter 4, suggest that differences in perceptions of diversity and inclusion are strongly related to participants’ and stakeholders’ political and ideological beliefs and values, and their degree of commitment to social justice issues. The evaluation found that a limited diversity of women participated in the project, and identified many barriers to their participation. Feminists argue that women-only activities are often more empowering than mixed gender activities. The evaluation findings detailed in Chapter 5 suggest that the project’s women-centred activities, particularly the workshops and online groups, were very successful in meeting the multiple needs of most participants. However, contradictory or undesirable effects of the project’s activities were also identified. This analysis demonstrates the need to consider the various groups of participants and their diverse needs in assessing how well feminist methods and activities have met women’s needs or are empowering. Chapter 6 identifies various forms and features of empowerment and disempowerment and categorises them as social, technological, political and psychological. A model is developed that illustrates the interrelationships between these four forms of empowerment. Technological empowerment is identified as a new under-theorised form of empowerment that is seen as increasingly important as ICTs become more central to women’s networking and participation. However, the findings suggest that the extent to which participants want to be empowered needs to be respected. While many participants were found to have experienced the four forms of empowerment, their participation was also shown to have had various disempowering effects. The project’s online group welink (women’s electronic link), which linked rural and urban women, including government policy-makers, was assessed as the most empowering project activity. The discourse analysis and deconstructions, undertaken in Chapter 6, identify competing and contradictory discourses of new communication technologies and feminist participatory action research. The various discourses taken up by the researchers and participants were shown to have both empowering and disempowering effects. The analysis demonstrates the intersection between empowerment and disempowerment and the shifting subject positions that were taken up, depending on the research context. It was argued that the discourses of feminist action research operated as a ‘regime of truth’ (Foucault, 1980) that regulated and constrained the discourses and practices of this form of research. An analysis of a highly contentious welink discussion challenges feminist assumptions that giving voice to women will lead to empowerment, and suggests that silence can, in some circumstances, be empowering. This analysis highlights the intersection of voice and silence, the limitations of the gendered discourse of care and connection, and how this discourse, and other factors, regulated the use of more critical discourses. Critical reflections on the study are made in Chapter 7. They include the suggestion that an ‘impossible burden’ was placed on the project’s feminist researchers who used an egalitarian feminist discourse that produced expectations of ‘equal relations’ between participants and researchers. However, these relations had to be established in the context of a university-based project that involved senior academic, government and industry staff. Drawing on the new knowledge and understandings developed, this study proposes several principles and strategies for feminist participatory action research projects that seek the inclusion and empowerment of rural women and use ICTs. They include the suggestion that feminists need an awareness of the limits to the politics of difference discourse when power-knowledge relations are ignored. A further principle is that there is value in adopting a Foucauldian analytic of power, since this enables a better understanding of the complex, multifaceted and dynamic nature of power-knowledge relations in the research context. This approach also provides an awareness of how processes that attempt to empower will inevitably produce disempowerment at certain moments. Principles and strategies for undertaking participatory feminist evaluations are also suggested.

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Torras, Virgili Eulàlia. "El coneixement i el discurs professionalitzador: naturalesa i Canvi en processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge en una plataforma asincrònica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9119.

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El coneixement professional és epistemològicament diferent a d'altres tipus de coneixement; el coneixement professionalitzador ha de permetre als estudiants gestionar situacions de la seva pràctica professional. En aquest sentit, el coneixement professionalitzador implica unes demandes superiors en comparació a d'altres tipus de coneixement. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és analitzar la naturalesa del coneixement professionalitzador i el canvi en el discurs professionalitzador en entorns l'aprenentatge en línia. Analitzar la naturalesa del discurs professionalitzador permet conèixer quins factors estan implicats en la construcció del coneixement professional i ajustar els entorns d'aprenentatge en línia. Aquesta tesi doctoral descriu els resultats de l'anàlisi de quatre casos relatius a la construcció del coneixement professionalitzador en el camp educatiu. Els resultats obtinguts ens mostren que el discurs professionalitzador construït amb mediació de les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TICs) està estructurat entorn una part molt petita dels tòpics de discurs professionalitzador (menys del 5%). També hem evidenciat diferencies rellevants evidenciades en funció del tipus d'activitat d'aprenentatge, el tipus de contingut i l'escenari de la tasca (tàcit o explícit). Pel que fa al canvi del discurs professionalitzador, els estudiants expressen tensions en la seva concepció de la pràctica i interaccionen com una comunitat de pràctica professional amb diferents característiques depenent del tipus d'activitat, el tipus de contingut i l'escenari de la tasca.
Professional knowledge is epistemologically different from other kinds of knowledge. Students are considered to have built academic discourse when they are able to produce speech based on concrete academic content whereas professional knowledge should enable students to manage situations in professional practice. In this sense, professional knowledge is more demanding than other kinds of knowledge. Our objective was to analyze the nature of professional knowledge and change in professional discourse in the framework of online learning environments. Analyzing the nature of professional discourse helps us understand the characteristics that make it special and that relate to managing situations in professional practice. Analyzing change in professional discourse enables us to know which factors are involved in building professional knowledge and to adjust online learning environments accordingly. This paper describes the results of an analysis of different cases related to the construction of professional knowledge in the educational field. The results we obtained show us that professional discourse built using ICT is structured by a very small fraction of identified topics of professional discourse (less than 5%), furthermore, relevant differences are evidenced depending on the type of learning activity, kind of content and task scenarios conducted (tacit or explicit). Regarding change in professional discourse, students expressed tensions in their conception of practice and interacted as a structured professional community although different characteristics depending on the type of activity, kind of content and task scenarios were observed in all cases.

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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Narratives and Sensemaking in the New Corporate University: The Socialization of First Year Communication Faculty." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002619.

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Berglund, Karin. "Jakten på Entreprenörer : Om öppningar och låsningar i entreprenörskapsdiskursen." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-171.

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Entrepreneurs are expected to play a crucial role in times of unemployment and economical regression. A “hunt for entrepreneurs” can thus be said to be occurring as they appear to be people who can save nations, societies, and companies in troublesome situations.

The project Diversity in Entrepreneurship (DiE) aimed to introduce a broad view of entrepreneurship in a regional context. Three development areas are emphasized that are strategically important to transforming a traditional industrial community into an entrepreneurial region: paying attention to the spirit of enterprise among underrepresented groups; stimulating entrepreneurship among young people; and considering the importance of culture in stimulating a diverse and entrepreneurial society.

An equality discourse is introduced through DiE that – emphasising social and mundane occurrences - stands in contrast to the historically rooted enterprise discourse that proffers companies as productive apparatus, where a few competent people – often men – have been, and still are, in charge. In the equality discourse, all people in the region make a difference, not merely a few. The encounter of the two discourses has resulted in confusion, and thus conflicts and collisions; but also in new possibilities.

A new perspective of entrepreneurship and regional development is developed where conflicts are put forward as constructive. That the two discourses met on the same regional scene is therefore seen as positive as many people have been made aware of the social, political, and economic contradictions which restrain some groups in society from creating a (working) life. Hence, the contradictions have enabled the inhabitants to see themselves, and others, as entrepreneurs in regional development processes. Openings have thus emerged to view entrepreneurship from a broader perspective that includes people, to create practices through which a more diverse working life is becoming discernible.

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Lima, Fábio Fernando. "Metadiscursividade e persuasão em entrevistas com candidatos à Prefeitura de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-10022010-141441/.

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Este trabalho se propõe a investigar e descrever as relações entre metadiscursividade e persuasão, algo que, embora comumente mencionado nos estudos acerca do metadiscurso, ainda não foi devidamente explicado. Para tal, assumimos como hipótese para a pesquisa o ponto de vista de acordo com o qual tais expressões exercem papel de grande destaque, em especial nos contextos em que se verifica polemicidade na interação, como procedimentos verbais que ancoram o desenvolvimento de estratégias argumentativas, tanto no que se refere às provas objetivas da argumentação, aqui representadas pelo conjunto das estratégias argumentativas inventariadas por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), quanto no que diz respeito às provas subjetivas, especialmente a constituição do ethos discursivo. Consideramos, para isso, a metadiscursividade enquanto estratégia de referenciação, um recurso textual-interativo caracterizado por instituir o próprio discurso enquanto objetode- discurso. Por seu turno, a linguagem é vista como forma de ação, espaço privilegiado em que os protagonistas situam-se em relação aos outros e, inseridos em um determinado contexto social, histórico e cognitivo, buscam influenciar, de alguma maneira, seus interlocutores. Paralelamente, tomando por pressuposto os estudos desenvolvidos sob a Análise Crítica do Discurso, propomos analisar o papel assumido pelos procedimentos metadiscursivos na constituição do exercício do poder e controle interacional. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, assumimos como embasamento para a pesquisa, além da Retórica, algumas linhas teóricas, propriamente a Análise da Conversação, a Sociolingüística Interacional, a Lingüística Textual todas estas englobadas pela Perspectiva Textual-Interativa e Análise Crítica do Discurso. Colocadas nesta ordem, buscamos sustentar que tais correntes, em um processo de complementação, associam-se umas às outras, estabelecendo uma espécie de continuum teórico, a partir de um eixo baseado na Teoria da Ação Social, capital para o entendimento da linguagem enquanto forma de ação, e do conhecimento como um sistema central compartilhado pelos interactantes. O corpus utilizado constitui-se de duas entrevistas concedidas durante o ano de 2004 ao Programa Roda Viva, uma com José Serra e outra com Marta Suplicy, ambos candidatos à Prefeitura de São Paulo, devidamente transcritas de acordo com as normas estabelecidas pelo Projeto NURC.
This work aims at investigating and describing the relations between metadiscoursivity and persuasion, point not properly scrutinized in spite of being often mentioned in metadiscourse-related studies. In order to do so, this research hypothetically bases upon the relevance of such expressions especially in contexts which turn out to present polemicity in the interaction, such as verbal procedures situating the development of argumentative strategies, both in terms of objective evidences of the argumentation, being held here by the set of argumentative strategies arranged by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), and in relation to the subjective evidences, especially the constitution of the discursive ethos. It is a major assumption the notion of metadiscourse as a strategy of referenciation, an interactive textual means which instantiates the discourse itself as an object of discourse. In its turn, the language itself is regarded as a form of action, a privileged space in which protagonists situate themselves with respect to others and, as part of a certain cognitive, historical, social context, wish to exercise their influence on interlocutors. It is also taken into consideration Critical Discourse Analysis-oriented studies in order to analyze the role of metadiscursive procedure in the constitution of exercises of power and interactional control. In addition to these fundamentals, the investigation also comprises, besides Rhetoric, theoretical lines of approach of the Conversation Analysis, Interactional Sociolinguistics, Discourse Analysis (Textual Linguistics), encompassed in the Interactive Perspective Theory and Critical Discourse Analysis. It is assumed that such theoretical chains are closely related in a complementary fashion, instituting a kind of theoretical continuum grounded on an axis related to the Theory of Action, seen as a key notion to the understanding of language as a form of action and knowledge as a central system shared by interactants. The analyzed corpus consists of two interviews of the Roda Viva Television Program featured in 2004, transcribed according to the NURC Projects transcripts. The interviewees are two opponent candidates running the São Paulos City Hall namely José Serra and Marta Suplicy.

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Messa, Gedeon Eloeno Rodrigues. "Entendesse?, Sabe? e Visse? como marcadores discursivos na fala de Pelotas/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2175.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gedeon.pdf: 992505 bytes, checksum: ead51985d6f36e0918b2a4e6e4b50cb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21
This work aims to analyze and describe the variation of Discourse Markers derived from verbs entender (to understand), saber (to know) and ver (to see) in different social classes upper-middle class and lower class considering speeches of informants from Social Class Sociolinguistic Database (VarX) based on Labov s theory of Linguistic Variation and Textual-Interactive Perspective. From the bibliographic literature of this search the items entender (to understand), saber (to know) and ver (to see) are considered Interaction s Discourse Markers. In view of the few existing data, linguistic and social variables do not contribute significantly to variation these Interaction s discourse markers, nor for the variation in relation to the agreement of the item entender (to understand) (because it was the only item that suffered variation in verbal form). The results only indicate some evidence that it will go to meet other sociolinguistic studies. Thus, the work focused on a more qualitative analysis of the data; however, the study contributes to a better understanding of linguistics phenomena that marks language in use in thelinguistic community of Pelotas.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e descrever a variação de Marcadores Discursivos derivados dos verbos entender, saber e ver em duas classes sociais polarizadas (média-alta e baixa), considerando discursos de informantes do Banco de Dados Sociolinguísticos por Classe Social (VarX), à luz da teoria da Variação Linguística de Labov e da Perspectiva da Textual-Interativa.A partirda literatura bibliográfica desta pesquisa, os itens entender, saber e ver são considerados como Marcadores Discursivos da Interação. Em vista dos poucos dados existentes, as variáveis linguísticas e sociais não contribuem significativamente para variação desses marcadores discursivos da interação,nem para a variação em relação à concordância do itementender (já que foi o único item que sofreu variação em sua forma). Os resultados obtidos apenas sinalizam alguns indícios que vão ao encontro de outros trabalhos sociolinguísticos. Diante disso, o trabalho focou uma análise mais qualitativa dos dados; todavia, o estudo contribui para o melhor entendimento dos fenômenos linguísticos que marcam a linguagem em uso da comunidade linguística de Pelotas.

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Fourny, Corinne. "Intersecting discourses : the interaction of the libertine and the sentimental discourse in mid-eighteenth century French and English novels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11574/.

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French and English literature in the eighteenth century are generally held to have a symbiotic relationship and the links between the two sentimental traditions, in particular, have been well documented by scholars. However the connections between the sentimental and the libertine discourse have tended to be obliterated. The main assumption underlying this project is the existence of an intimate interplay between sentimentalism and libertinism. Its main aim is to trace the strong attraction existing between the two and to question the genre and national dimensions which have been perpetuated by previous critical discourses through close textual analyses of mid-century French and English novels (Sterne's A Sentimental Journey and Crebillon's Les Egarements du Coeur et de I 'esprit and Les Heureux Orphelins, Haywood's The Fortunate Foundlings, Riccoboni's Lettres de Milady Juliette Catesby, Burney's Evelina, and Cleland's Fanny Hill). The focus will be on the moment when the libertine is tempted to behave sentimentally or when the sentimental (wo)man is tempted to act as a libertine. The relationships between these core texts being very rich, they will be approached from different perspectives in each of the issue-based chapters which will centre on questions of language, non-linguistic communication, sociability, epistolarity and difference.

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Tehranchi, Shiela. "Particule « enfin » en français parlé et ses fonctions en discours et l'interaction." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20059.

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Dans les interactions langagières, l'usage de la particule enfin traduit diverses activités discursives des locuteurs. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la fréquence et les variétés d’occurrence de ce petit mot dans les interactions, selon les situations et les types d’activités dans lesquels les sujets s’engagent, afin d'appréhender au mieux ses caractéristiques interactionnelles et fonctionnelles. Nous mobiliserons à cette fin un cadre d'analyse pluridimensionnel (analyse conversationnelle, discours en interaction). Notre méthode de travail repose sur une analyse des activités verbales des interactions, à partir d'enregistrements audio/ vidéo. Dans cette perspective, nous recensons les éléments récurrents gravitant autour de la particule enfin, les collectons, pour ensuite les convertir en formats. Ces formats nous conduisent à dégager sept valeurs principales de enfin dont chacune se subdivise en plusieurs sous-catégories et qui peuvent parfois avoir une portée contradictoire (conclusive/ introductive, interruptive/progressive, etc.). Dans une approche inter-discursive, enfin montre aussi une dissemblance de modalités d'usage conditionnées par le contexte. Enfin intervient de manière divergente selon que le cadre formel de la même manière que dans un cadre informel
In linguistic interaction, the use of the particle enfin provide various discursive activities of the speakers. In this study, we aim at determining the frequency and the occurrence varieties of this short word in the interaction, according to situations and types of activity in which the subjects commit themselves, in order to understand its interactionnal and functional characteristics. Following this purpose, we decide to adopt a multidimensional analysis framework (Conversation Analysis , Discourse in Interactions ). Our work method relies on the analysis of the participants verbal activities. It is based on audio/ video recordings. Therefore, we take notice of the recurring elements surrounding the particle, we collect these elements to convert them into the formats: seven usages of enfin have been identified, each of them subdivided in several subcategories and which can sometimes have a contradictory range (conclusive/ introductory, discontinuity/continuity, etc). In an inter-discursive approach, enfin betrays a dissimilarity in its use due to the context. As a conclusion, we can say that enfin operates differently depending to the framework nature (formal / informal)

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Bergqvist, Hanna. "Strategic Interaction in Radio Interview Discourse." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för svenska språket och engelska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5478.

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The study is focused on the interactional strategies used by interviewees in radio discourse, which are face-saving, relationship-securing and cooperative strategies. The interviewees’ speech is analysed according to their use of the selected discourse operators, which are the hedge you know, the personal pronoun you, personal address as well as greeting questions, information-seeking, reassuring and tag-questions. The results turned out to be almost similar to previous research. The face-saving strategy is shown to be male-dominant, while the relationship-securing and the cooperative strategies proved to have female dominance. The results are contrasted and reviewed by using two different kinds of normalization. The normalization is done both according to the percentage of the selected items and the percentage of the space used for every selected item and strategy.

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Mrowa, Colette. "Communication, discourse, interaction in language classes. /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm939.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Linguistics, 1997.
Amendments and errata are in pocket on front end paper together with covering letter. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-185).

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Delagrange, Susan Heckman. "Technologies of wonder (re)mediating rhetorical practice /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132693298.

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Bibié-Emerit, Laetitia. "Description du discours numérique : étude des bouleversements linguistiques du web 2.0 au travers de l'exemple des souhaits d'anniversaire sur Facebook." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30076/document.

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Ce travail de recherche propose une description du discours numérique tel qu’il apparaît dans l’environnement numérique qu’est Facebook. Il s’appuie sur l’étude des souhaits d’anniversaire, en montrant comment leur forme finale peut être influencée par la préconstruction technolangagière du site. La première partie, donne un aperçu de l’évolution des recherches sur le discours numérique, en décrivant d’une part le contexte d’apparition du web 2.0 et des bouleversements épistémologiques et discursifs qu’il a pu provoquer. Et d’autre part les spécificités linguistiques connues du discours apparaissant dans les environnements numériques. La deuxième partie, montre que l’avènement du web social a changé les choses dans les recherches sur le discours numérique, demandant une approche pluridisciplinaire. Cette réflexion nécessite de décentrer le regard des énoncés pour s’intéresser à leur environnement de production et aux affordances qu’il offre aux locuteurs. Ce nouveau positionnement épistémologique permet de repenser la description de Facebook, non plus comme une plateforme communicationnelle mais comme un environnement discursif complexe mettant en question les notions d’identité, d’intimité et de liens socio-affectifs. Enfin, la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, présente les problématiques liées à l’étude d’un cas concret d’écriture nativement numérique. La description et l’analyse des souhaits d’anniversaire sur Facebook et des outils méthodologiques et théoriques adaptés aux environnements numériques utilisés à cette fin. La description et l’analyse des souhaits d’anniversaire sur Facebook permettent de dégager deux aspects technolangagiers dans ce type de discours. Le premier est l’action environnementale sur la production langagière, c’est le cas notamment de la préconstruction technolangagière mais aussi de la prise en compte de l’exposition du message par les locuteurs (redéfinition du lien socio-affectif). Le second est l’intégration de la technologie à l’intérieur même des formes discursives, générant de nouveaux technogenres comme le discours par bouton ou des énoncés augmentés comme les hashtags
This research provides a description of the digital discourse as it appears in the digital environment that is Facebook. It is based on the study of birthday wishes, showing how their final shape may be influenced by technological influence site. The first part provides an overview of developments in research on digital discourse, describing on one hand the context of emergence of Web 2.0 and discursive and epistemological changes that it has caused. And also known linguistic specificities of the speech appearing in digital environments. The second part shows that the advent of the social web has changed things in research on digital discourse, demanding a multidisciplinary approach. This reflection requires an interest in that production environment and affordances that provides speakers. This new epistemological positioning allows to rethink the description of Facebook, not as a communicative platform, but as a complex discursive environment by questioning the notions of identity, privacy and socio-emotional ties. The third and final part of this thesis presents the issues related to the study of a concrete case of natively digital writing. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook and methodological and theoretical tools adapted to digital environments used for this purpose. The description and analysis of birthday wishes on Facebook show two technolinguistic aspects in this type of discourse. The first is environmental action on language production, it is the case of technological preconstruction but also taking account of exposure of the message by the speakers (redefinition of socio-emotional bond). The second is the integration of technology within the same discursive forms, generating new technological genders as the discourse by button or statements increased as hashtags

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Regenhardt, Bessie, and Lina Wall. "An Explorative Study of English Learning in Second Language Classrooms." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31842.

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Denna studie undersöker hur elever upplever lärandet av engelska som andraspråk jämfört med hur lärare upplever elevers lärande. Undersökningar visar att elever har olika inlärningsstilar och preferenser för dessa. Detta betyder i så fall att elever använder olika metoder för att lära. Studien fokuserar på hur elever upplever och reflekterar kring sin inlärning och sina inlärningsmiljöer samt att de ger förslag på förbättringar som de önskar göra. Lärare ger också sina synpunkter på vad de tror fungerar bäst för elevers inlärning och vad de tror att elever anser om sina inlärningsmiljöer. Studien är explorativ och genomfördes med hjälp av enkäter, de innehöll frågor som var "open-ended". Enkäterna delades till elever och lärare i tre klasser på en högstadieskola. Resultatet av studien visar att för att lärande skall infinna sig, måste det finnas en ömsesidig förståelse för inlärningsprocessen mellan lärare och elever. Slutligen visar studien att elever har oilka preferenser när det gäller inlärningsstilar och därför bör lärare vara medvetna om dessa för att kunna facilitera elevers inlärningsprocess.
This study looks at how pupils perceive and their learning of the English language, juxtaposed to what the teachers believe about the pupils’ learning. Sometimes, it is taken for granted that the methods and the way a teacher goes about teaching pupils is the best way to go about a lesson. However, research shows that pupils tend to have a learning style preference which means that a method that works for one pupil is not necessarily the one that works for other pupils. The focus in this study is on how pupils feel about their learning and their learning environments as they give suggestions on improvements they wish to make. The teachers also discuss means they believe work best for their pupils and what they think their pupils feel about their learning environments. The study is an explorative one and was carried out through the use of questionnaires with open-ended questions. The questionnaires were distributed to pupils and their teachers in three English classes at one upper secondary school. In conclusion, it is discussed that for any learning to take place, there has to be a mutual understanding of the learning process. This study brings to light that pupils have learning preferences, therefore teachers have to be aware of these in order to facilitate the learning process.

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Lenfant, Mickaël. "L' évaluation dans la narration interactive : rappel de récits par des enfants en interaction avec un adulte." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEL506.

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L'objectif de la recherche est de décrire la dimension évaluative labovienne dans des rappels de contes oraux et d'un film, par des 5-6 ans en interaction avec un adulte. Nous avons étudié les différentes narrations en nous focalisant essentiellement sur : les délimitations de zones évaluatives (orientation, coda), les distinctions entre les différents types d'évaluations définies par Labov (évaluation externe, par le dire ou par le faire), les éléments liés à la dramatisation, le contenu, le centrage de l'évaluation, la construction de la dimension évaluative (étayage de l'adulte). De cette analyse, il en ressort premièrement que la dimension évaluative varie selon le type de récit initial, puisqu'elle est plus étoffée dans les rappels de contes oraux que dans ceux du dessin animé. Deuxièmement, la dimension évaluative varie selon les individus et ne semble pas standardisée. De manière transversale, cette étude souligne ainsi l'hétérogénéité des compétences narratives des 5-6 ans
The aim of this research is to determine the labovian evaluative dimension in narrative retells of oral tales or a movie between 5-6-year-old children and an adult. We studied the different narrations, focusing essentially on : the evaluative zones delimitations (orientation, coda), the distinctions between the different types of labovian evaluations (external evaluation or evaluation through words or actions), the elements of dramatization, the content, the centring of the evaluation, the construction of the evaluative dimension, (mainly through the adult's support). What emerges from these different angles of analysis is, firstly, that the evaluative dimension (being richer in the retells of oral tales than in cartoon's retells) changes according to the type of initial narration. Secondly, the evaluative dimension varies according to individuals and doesn't seem standardized. Crosswise, this study emphasizes the heterogeneousness of narrative abilities among 5-6-year-old children

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Biagini, Marta. "L'interprète en interaction dans les tribunaux. Une approche dialogique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030110.

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Notre recherche a pour objet des interrogatoires médiatisés par interprète, en tant que pratiques langagières et discursives situées dans un contexte institutionnel donné, à savoir le tribunal. Parmi les divers contextes de nos sociétés contemporaines où les interprètes sont partenaires de l’échange au sein de dialogues effectifs, nous avons ciblé le contexte judiciaire, dont le caractère institutionnel et les enjeux en font un lieu formel et au fonctionnement normé : les interrogatoires s’y déroulant sont des échanges réglés et codés. Nous avons fait alors l’hypothèse que peut fonctionner à double titre la tension qui se crée ainsi entre les normes à l’œuvre au tribunal et la présence de sujets en interaction dont les enjeux et représentations peuvent considérablement différer : elle fonctionne d’une part comme loupe grossissante sur certains phénomènes qui, lorsqu’ils se produisent malgré la normativité ambiante, sembleraient alors relever de ce qui ne peut ne pas se produire en présence d’un interprète ; elle fonctionne d’autre part comme déclencheur d’événements particuliers et uniques propres au contexte, aux personnes concernés, aux enjeux spécifiques liés aux thèmes traités, aux dialogues ponctuels. L’analyse de dialogue que nous pratiquons consiste aussi bien à spécifier préalablement le cadrage externe de l’événement communicatif qu’à décrire comment la situation est perçue et évaluée par les participants à travers l’élaboration conjointe du sens. Notre problématique vise ainsi à dégager la relation existant entre les conventions socio-discursives propres à cette sphère d’activité et certains traits interactionnels et discursifs, engendrés par la participation du "tiers/interprète" à l’interrogatoire. L’approche discursive et dialogique a permis d’entreprendre une démarche analytique prenant en compte : un plan interlocutif, concernant la dynamique compositionnelle des échanges et les rapports de places, dialogal ; un plan énonciatif et dialogique concernant à la fois la présence des sujets dans leurs dires et la façon dont les discours sont élaborés par des mouvements interprétatifs qui peuvent être plus ou moins directement accessibles, notamment à travers ces réaménagements de sens que sont les reformulations inter-linguistiques de l’interprète. Les voix qui parcourent l’espace discursif en le rendant hétérogène peuvent par-là être identifiées. Ces pratiques d’interactions médiatisées peuvent alors être pensées sur un continuum de dispositifs allant des stratégies d’effacement énonciatif que l’interprète met en œuvre - afin de créer des discours objectivés -, aux procédés variés qui l’inscrivent dans le discours d’autrui, jusqu’à la prise en charge de ses propres discours en tant que locuteur/énonciateur à part entière. Enfin, les propriétés qui caractérisent les interrogatoires interprétés dans le contexte du tribunal s’avèrent propres non seulement au genre de discours institutionnel et juridique concerné mais également à la présence du "tiers", apte à influencer l’événement discursif "interrogatoire" à tous les niveaux pris en compte par l’analyse. Il semble alors que cela pourrait permettre d’appréhender ces dialogues comme un type, ou sous-genre, particulier du discours juridique
Our research focuses on interpreter-mediated examinations as situated oral exchanges and discursive practices in a specific institutional context, i.e. the courtroom. In contemporary societies, among the various situations where interpreters act and dialogue in face-to face interactions, the judiciary context proves to be one of those institutional domains where highly formal and normative practices take place. Examinations are very coded exchanges. Starting from the hypothesis that the tension which develops between laws and norms at work in this frame and the discursive productions by speakers directly dialoguing and interacting, whose representations and goals may consistently differ, may have a double effect on the interpreter-mediated event, we further investigate how : some specific interactional and discourse patterns realize in a such ritualized and normative context, attempting to understand if they are typical of interpreter-mediated interactions in general or of the specific examinations we observe ; and speakers’ identities, institutional roles, their personal goals and the specific themes concerned have an influence on these practices, producing very peculiar and singular patterns of sense-making. Hence, focusing on face-to-face interpreting practices, the dialogical and discourse approach we adopt allows to take into account : from one side, what relates to the dialogal dimension of the interaction, pertaining to a dialogue between two (or more) co-present interlocutors and the definitions of their identities, from what pertains to the dialogical one, having to do with dialogism or dialogicality in the more abstract senses. Given that understanding is related to responding, interpreters are seen as speakers actively involved in dialogue. The ways speakers leave traces of their presence in the utterances they produce, while they’re doing the interacting, and, particularly, the way in which the interpreter’s presence is sensed through thar interlinguistic reformulation of the other’s words which is translation gives access to the way in which sense-making is jointly created in the framework of a highly ritualized activity type such as examinations in the courtroom. In the end, interpreted-mediated examinations may be thought of as changing practices on a more/less continuum, going from : the cases where the interpreter translates as a reporter using the 1st person, using linguistics strategies allowing him/her to assume full responsibility for the words uttered without showing it; to all those cases of variation on the expected pattern which, at different degrees, let emerge his/her presence in the interpreting process; to the production of discourses for which s/he is entirely responsible, acting as a an autonomous speaker. These collectively constructed events may therefore suggest that there is a dynamic relation between expected practices in the discourse context and their actual realization. Interpreter-mediated examinations prove to be per se speech events, namely very specific exchanges with their often hybrid dynamics, within which all interlocutors - including the interpreter – dialogically contribute to understanding and to the creation of meaning

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Bietti, Lucas Manuel. "Memory, Discourse and Interaction: Remembering in Context and History." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48672.

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Esta tesis propone un enfoque socio-cognitivo para analizar procesos discursivos de memoria autobiográfica y colectiva. Esta nueva perspetiva interdisciplinaria en estudios de memoria integra teorías de estudios del discurso, ciencias cognitivas y ciencias sociales con el fin de examinar cómo la reconstrucción y comunicación de memorias individuales y compartidas se desarrolla en situaciones de la vida cotidiana. Se examinan procesos cognitivos y discursivos relacionados a períodos de violencia política en Argentina, en general, y en particular a la dictadura militar de 1976-1983.Investigaciones anteriores acerca de la reconstrucción y comunicación de recuerdos sobre períodos de violencia política en Argentina no se han ocupado de la dimensión cognitiva de estos procesos. Los estudios empíricos presentados en este trabajo secentran en explorar la reconstrucción y comunicación de memorias individuales y colectivas en contextos públicos y privados. De este modo, se propone examinar la intersección de discursos públicos y privados acerca del pasado traumático en Argentina. El análisis discursivo de una perspectiva socio-cognitiva de estos recuerdos individuales y colectivos nos posibilita explorar la interaccción de los mecanismos sociales, culturales, históricos y cognitivos responsables de la reconstrucción y comunicación de memorias en actividades de la vida cotidiana.

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Gaitan, Alfredo. "Aggressive interaction understood through discourse : episodes, accounts and narratives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330220.

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Bohman, John, and Henrik Malmrot. "Liberal discourse – An invisible hand in free trade research? : An investigation into how global trade discourse is created through discourse interaction within research." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36562.

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This paper uses a quantitative content analysis informed by a critical realist framework to study the patterns of international political economy discourse prevalence within research articles concerning free trade. Once categorized, there are observable differences in the extent to which articles in the different categories address other discourses. Analyzing these patterns using concepts from discourse theory, we suggest that the liberal discourse constitutes a regime of truth to which the other discourses must relate. It is also found that articles published in higher ranking journals are less likely to address other discourses. We argue that this could be explained as being an effect of the larger readership of those journals.

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Yan, Victoria Hsui. "Discourse dynamics: interaction among English-speaking Chinese children during play /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10909400.

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Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1990.
Includes appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Jo Anne Kleifgen. Dissertation Committee: Clifford Hill. Bibliography: leaves 204-209.

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40

Calderon, de Bolivar Adriana. "Interaction through written text : a discourse analysis of newspaper editorials." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312040.

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Thomas, J. "The dynamics of discourse : A pragmatic analysis of confrontational interaction." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372937.

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42

Basturkmen, Helen L. "The discourse of academic seminars : structures and strategies of interaction." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14855/.

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Seminar discussion is an important mode of instruction in Higher Education. However, the discourse of discussion in academic seminars has been little investigated. Until now, there has existed only a limited amount of empirically based language description which could be used to inform those working in the field of English for Academic Purposes. The present study investigates discussion in seminars on a MBA programme and offers frameworks to account for central aspects of the verbal interaction: exchange patterns; acts and moves initiating exchanges and strategies. Three subgenres of seminar discussion are examined: the discussion following the presentation by an outside speaker; the discussion following the presentation by students and non-presentation tutorial discussion. Exchanges are found to be basically two-part structures of initiation and response. Some extended patterns are brought to light and it is argued that the major impetus prolonging exchanges in discussion is a third-part move registering dissatisfaction with the initial responses given. Exchanges are observed to be driven by moves functioning as elicitations although acts at initiation both ask for information and ideas and propose them. Initiation may be complex and involves a mixture of the acts. Textual signalling and attitudinal strategies used in seminars are explicated. The latter are accounted for in terms of the face concerns of the speakers. The features are examined across the three subgenres. Some quantitative variations were observed. These variations are discussed in the light of situational variables such as levels of participant status and knowledge. Theoretical implications are drawn and applications for syllabus and methodology in English for Academic Purposes are suggested.

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Robertson, Julie. "Accommodative phonostylistic variation in conversational interaction." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=62162.

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44

Anand, Beena. "The interactive dimension of teaching and learning." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21026.

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Cette thèse porte principalement sur le discours oral en salle de classe et sur l'analyse de la dimension interactive du discours pédagogique. La nature personnelle et affective de l'apprentissage de la communication en langue étrangère est surtout mise en valeur. À cet effet, l'accent est mis sur certains aspects psycho-sociaux du comportement langagier des apprenants. Basés sur cette observation, les portraits interactifs, à la fin de la thèse, nous permettent d'esquisser des tendances qui existant dans le domaine de l'adoption des rôles interactifs. La thèse se divise en quatre parties. La première partie traite des diverses perspectives de l'acte de communication et définit les composantes des interactions intervenant dans les situations d'échange verbal, avant de les étendre à la situation d'enseignement. L’hypothèse émise est la suivante: la situation pédagogique traditionnelle de par sa nature formelle restreint le champ des rôles interactifs adoptés par les apprenants à ceux de l'interlocuteur et de l'auditeur. Afin de remédier à cette situation, il est suggéré que des activités pédagogiques en salle de classe doivent ressembler plus à la conversation courante pour que l'apprenant ait l'accès à tous les rôles interactifs. La deuxième partie présente des activités pédagogiques basées sur cette hypothèse. La troisième partie traite des données de l'expérience, ses avantages et ses inconvénients. La quatrième partie présente les résultats de l'expérience et de la recherche, et les conclusions émises en faveur de la micro-analyse du comportement verbal des apprenants
This thesis is essentially about the teaching-learning of a foreign language as communication. We strive to explore the interactive dimension of oral discourse in the teaching-learning situation. The personal and social nature of the teaching-learning of a foreign language is stressed. An attempt is made at comprehending this issue by means of the observation of certain psycho-social aspects of interactive role adoption behavior in the classroom setting. The thesis is divided into four sections. Fundamental theories concerning the speech situation and diverse types of interactions are exposed in the first half of section 1. After a description of the pedagogical speech situation and of traditional teacher-learner social and interactive roles, it is hypothesized that new pedagogical activities must be proposed to offer varying possibilities to the learner. The second section deals with communicative activities based on a progressive approach. The experiment is described in the section 3 - part 4 reveals the results obtained in the experiment and in the research. Interactive act and role tables based on learner behavior in significant extracts of the pedagogical activities enable us to give interactive profiles of learn. These profiles are enriched further by subjective information gleaned from personal questionnaires. To conclude, it is suggested that research is a process oriented field and a plea is made in favor of analyses of learner behavior, made on the unsaid aspects in oral

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Dufort, Molly Elizabeth. "Discourse practice, knowledge, and interaction in Tohono O'odham health and illness." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185554.

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This study examines problems involved in the management of chronic illness and disability in cross-cultural contexts. It specifically looks at conflicts between different belief systems and different discourse practices in cross-cultural communication between Tohono O'odham (Pagago) families of children with disabilities and non-Indian service providers. The discourse practices through which cultural knowledge is represented in face-to-face interaction, and the range of beliefs and practices which constitute cultural knowledge, are investigated sign ethnographic methods which emphasize a discourse-centered study of meaning and interaction. Utilizing information from participant observation, open-ended interviews, and naturally-occurring speech from a variety of interactional settings, the research focuses on both inter- and intra-cultural variation in knowledge and discourse. The major findings are: (1) a system of beliefs and practices about cause, prevention and treatment of serious illness exists in O'odham communities which differs significantly from the biomedical system within which medical and educational services to children with disabilities is provided; (2) intracultural variation exists in O'odham communities between language and knowledge held by specialists and lay people; and (3) the major genres used by O'odham people to provide information differ significantly from the formats routinely used by service providers to elicit information.

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46

Marley, Carol Nicola. "Identity, interaction and intertextuality in dating ads : a discourse analytical study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419717.

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This thesis examines a type of 'little text', the print medium dating ad, using a variety of discourse-analytical approaches situated within a broadly systemic functional linguistic perspective. Its aim is two-fold: to show how ad writers mould the written medium of their ads to meet their interactional need to negotiate an identity-based exchange with the reader, and to show how they exploit the lexicogrammatical and discoursal resources of 'ordinary language' in doing so. Analysis of nominal group structures reveals gendered patterns of headword and modification in identity projection; analysis of enacted and projected roles shows how writers exploit the congruent formula of dating ads to manage their interactions on a more intimately conversational footing. Intertextual identity labels are investigated as metaphors whose interpretation is crucially shaped by co-textual selections; whose processing is accounted for in Speech Act Theory terms of implicature, uptake and felicity; and in relation to Transportable Identities and Membership Categorisation Devices. Consideration of the implications of intertextual identity projection for issues of truth and truth commitment leads to a proposed hierarchy of discourse processing modes, which prioritises truth commitment over non-truth commitment and literal truth over metaphorical truth, both across the column and within a single ad.

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McElhone, Dot. "Conceptual press discourse in reading comprehension instruction : making every interaction count /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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48

Imam, Zeba. "Implication of the cultural influence on development discourse manifested in the interaction of Cambodian and "Western" discourse on development issues." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4187.

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Cambodia has a strong presence of international donor agencies and expatriate development practitioners. The role of international donors in making government increasingly gender responsive is believed to be immense. This thesis contends that most expatriate and Cambodian development practitioners have different perceptions on the issue due to cultural influences. Due to these differences sometimes there emerge incongruence in the approach (that is often determined by international players) and the beliefs of most national practitioners who are responsible to implement these approaches. The problem of domestic violence is used as a case in point to demonstrate this incongruence. The thesis argues that the differences in views do not get discussed and thereafter resolved because the communication processes being followed are not open and dialogical in nature. It suggests that there are two primary reasons that come in the way of dialogic communication. One is related to the hierarchically different positions that expatriates and Cambodian practitioners occupy in the context of development work. The other is related to the difference in the perceptions of the practitioners depending on their degree of connectedness with the cultural setting. The thesis concludes that there is a need for introspection by the development practitioners for the reasons that may lie within them and their organizations for this communication gap. This is essential for initiating communication processes that are open so that the development practitioners may begin to arrive at common understanding as well as trusting relationships. The study is conducted following the tenets of the Ã¢ÂÂnaturalistic inquiryÃ¢ÂÂ as proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985).

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Mansi, Faten. "L’ouverture et la clôture de l’interaction dans la visite familière en France et en Jordanie : une approche multimodale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20077.

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L’objet de cette recherche réside dans l’étude de l’interaction dans des visites familières en France et en Jordanie. Il concerne plus particulièrement l’analyse des deux séquences encadrantes de l’interaction : la séquence d’ouverture et la séquence de clôture. La méthode comparative a été adoptée afin de dégager les échanges et les actes qui composent ces séquences dans les deux pays. Cette étude a montré que la plupart des actes de langages sont attestés dans les deux corpus. Ce qui change, c’est la modalité de production et le fonctionnement des actes dans l’interaction. La formulation des actes lors de l’ouverture et de la clôture reflète les valeurs sociales et le profil socio-culturel des locuteurs français etjordaniens, tels qu’ils apparaissent dans les interactions de tous les jours
The aim of this research is to study interaction in familiar visits in France and Jordan. It focuses particularly on the two framing sequences of interaction: the opening sequence, and the closing sequence. A comparative method was adopted to describe the exchanges and acts that make up these sequences in the two countries. The study showed that most acts are used in each corpus. The differences concern the mode of production and functioning of these acts in the interaction. Their formulation in the opening and closing sequence reflects the social values and the socio-cultural profile of French and Jordanian speakers, as they appear in everyday interaction

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Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen Rosa. "Reported interaction in narrative : a study of speech representation in written discourse." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288815.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interactive discourse'

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