Academic literature on the topic 'Interactive and diagnostic controls'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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Su, Sophia, Kevin Baird, and Herb Schoch. "Management control systems." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-03-2015-0032.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the association between the interactive and diagnostic approaches to using controls and Miller and Friesen’s (1984) organizational life cycle (OLC) stages (birth, growth, maturity, revival). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from a random sample of 343 general managers in Australian manufacturing organizations. Findings The results indicate that both approaches are used to a greater extent in the growth and revival stages than the birth and maturity stages, whereas the interactive and diagnostic approaches are used to a similar extent in each of the four OLC stages. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the management control system literature by examining the use of the interactive and diagnostic approaches from an OLC perspective. The findings highlight that the complementary nature of the interactive and diagnostic approaches applies in each OLC stages, and suggest that similar attention should be placed on the use of both the interactive and diagnostic approaches in each OLC stage. Practical implications The study provides managers with an insight into the prevalence of the use of interactive and diagnostic approaches across the birth, growth, maturity and revival stages. Originality/value This study contributes to the management control system literature by adopting the configuration approach to examine how multiple contingent variables simultaneously affect the approach to using controls. Specifically, this study examines how organizations adjust their emphasis on Simons’ (1995) interactive and diagnostic approaches to using controls as they move across different development stages. These development stages were labelled as OLC stages and are determined based on the simultaneous consideration of multiple contingent factors.
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Rathnasekara, Kaveesha, and Tharusha Gooneratne. "Levers of control, complementariness, tensions and budget use: a case study." Measuring Business Excellence 24, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-12-2019-0120.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the complementariness and tensions in the use of management control systems diagnostically and interactively, using a budgetary control example, drawing empirical evidence from a clustered firm, “Pattern On”, which is engaged in the manufacture of apparels. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the qualitative methodology and case study approach. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were carried out as the main source of data collection, supplemented by an analysis of internal documents. Findings The field data from this study shows that both diagnostic and interactive controls appear in the clusters of PatternOn. However, the extent of use, the way they are perceived by employees, consequences, complementariness and tensions differ among the clusters. It further suggests that interactive and diagnostic controls have their own positive and negative implications on organisational activities. Therefore, rather than ruling one type as superior; what is best depends on the particular organisational circumstances. Research limitations/implications This paper is a useful addition to the current body of management accounting literature, particularly to budgeting and to the levers of the control framework and highlights the use of a domain theory in a research study. Practical implications It provides insights to practitioners regarding the simultaneous use of controls, diagnostically and interactively, and how any resulting tensions are managed. Originality/value Using a budgetary control example, this paper shows how controls are used diagnostically and interactively while emphasising the complementariness and tensions created by such levers. This is important as most prior research has explored diagnostic and interactive use in isolation, while budgetary control, as well as the role of domain theory has not been their focus.
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Su, Sophia, and Kevin Baird. "The role of leaders in achieving organisational outcomes." Personnel Review 46, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2015-0284.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical insight into the association between the leadership style of top management (using Stogdill and Coons’(1957) consideration and initiating leadership styles), the approach to using controls (using Simons’ (1995) interactive and diagnostic use of controls) and two organisational outcomes (business unit performance and employee organisational commitment (EOC)). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a survey of 120 middle-level managers of Australian service organisations. Findings The findings reveal that both the consideration and initiating leadership styles were associated with the diagnostic approach to using controls, while the initiating style was also associated with the interactive approach to using controls. In addition, the diagnostic approach to using controls was found to be associated with both organisational performance and EOC. The authors conclude that the diagnostic approach to using controls mediates the association between both the consideration and initiating styles of leadership with organisational performance and EOC. Practical implications The findings provide practitioners with an important initial insight into the role of leaders in enhancing the achievement of organisational outcomes. From a practical perspective, organisations should consider these findings when recruiting. Specifically, organisations should work towards ensuring that their top-level managers possess such personal leadership traits. This could be achieved either through installing appropriate recruitment procedures and/or through the implementation of management training programmes. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by considering the interrelationship between two perspectives of the role of leaders, the leadership style and the use of controls
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Nuhu, Nuraddeen Abubakar, Kevin Baird, and Ranjith Appuhami. "The impact of management control systems on organisational change and performance in the public sector." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-08-2018-0084.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the role of organisational dynamic capabilities (strategic flexibility and employee empowerment) in mediating the relationship between management control systems (MCSs), in particular the interactive and diagnostic approaches to using controls, with organisational change and performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on a mail survey of public sector organisations in Australia and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings The findings indicate that strategic flexibility and employee empowerment mediate the association between the interactive approach to MCSs with organisational performance, and strategic flexibility mediates the relationship between the interactive approach to MCSs with organisational change. Practical implications The study’s findings inform public sector practitioners as to how to enact change within and enhance the performance of public sector organisations. Specifically, managers are advised to focus on the use of interactive controls and the development of two dynamic organisational capabilities, strategic flexibility and employee empowerment. Originality/value The study provides an initial empirical insight into the relation between controls and dynamic capabilities and their role in enacting change and performance within the public sector. The findings suggest that the achievement of new public management ideals is reliant upon the organisational environment, with change and performance facilitated by the interactive use of controls and strategic flexibility and employee empowerment.
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Ruiter, Henk, Frank De Feijter, and Koos Wagensveld. "Management Control and Business Model Innovation in the Context of a Circular Economy in the Dutch Construction Industry." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010366.
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This study explores how different forms of management control support and enable business model innovation in the context of the principles of the circular economy. Following a qualitative research approach, empirical data is collected from construction companies and governmental organizations in the Netherlands. Building on Simons’ four levers of control. This paper illustrates how to balance the intended and emergent strategies via the organization’s management control system. According to Simons, the four levers encompass the beliefs systems, the interactive control systems, the diagnostic control systems, and the boundary controls. The empirical findings uncover the beliefs systems and the interactive control systems to be the most relevant levers that enable and drive business model innovation striving for the effective use of materials. Rather than measuring the output with predefined performance indicators, business model innovation in this context is better served by diagnostic controls which evaluate how innovative business models contribute to the organization’s mission.
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Martínez Ramos, Miguel, and Fernando Gutiérrez Hidalgo. "From diagnostic to interactive style of management control." Management Research News 26, no. 5 (July 2003): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170310783448.
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Franken, E. A., and K. S. Berbaum. "Subspecialty radiology consultation by interactive telemedicine." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633961929141.
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This investigation tested the hypothesis that interactive, low-resolution telemedicine is an effective method for radiologists' consultations. The case material consisted of radiographs and digital images from patients with 14 paediatric diseases readily diagnosed by imaging, and 10 matched controls. The original images were first evaluated by a general radiologist, who entered a diagnosis. He or she then discussed the case with a paediatric radiologist who had access to the same images via low-resolution interactive video. Following the consultation the general radiologist could change diagnosis. The experimental subjects were three teams of general and paediatric radiologists. Observer-performance and case-comparison methods were used for analysis. The results showed that the general radiologists' diagnostic accuracy improved after telemedicine consultation with the subspecialist, the area under the ROC curve improving from 0.648 to 0.709. The interactive consultation was judged valuable by all participants. We conclude that low-resolution interactive telemedicine is of value for consultation between generalists and subspecialists in radiology.
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Al-Tarawneh, Hussien Ahmad, and Mania Moayyad Mubaslat. "Design and Use of Management Accounting and Control Systems in the Jordanian Universities' Faculties." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2012): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v1i1.773.
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Drawing on upper echelon theory and focusing on the context of higher education reforms in Jordan within new public management in university faculties/colleges, this study investigates the diagnostic versus interactive uses of management control systems by Deans/Pro-Vice Chancellors of Faculties/Colleges (hereafter called Faculty PVCs). It seeks to identify how the professional and experiential characteristics of these senior academic executives and the structure of their Faculty, impact on their managerial and collegial orientation as reflected in their approach to using management controls. A mail survey of Faculty PVCs is conducted amongst a census of all Faculties/Colleges of all universities in Jordan. Supplementing this survey are semi-structured interviews with the PVC of the business and science Faculty at a large Jordanian university. Results reveal that PVCs who have had a longer career in higher education tend to use MCSs more interactively (or collegially). There is also evidence that as PVCs hold their current position for longer periods; they tend to move from an early diagnostic use of MCSs to a subsequent interactive use. Further, the higher the complexity of a Faculty the more PVC will adopt an interactive approach to MCS use. Other PVC and Faculty characteristics did not reveal patterns of significant influence on the interactive or diagnostic use of MCSs. A key revelation from interviews is that PVCs will give over-riding importance to meeting centrally-set diagnostically-focused KPI, but still take a collegial approach within their Faculty to the broader use of MCSs. The findings lend limited support to upper echelons theory, but provide grounding for further research into the impact that a managerial versus a collegial approach by PVCs/Deans may have on their Faculty’s growth in innovative capacities, teaching qualities or financial strength.
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Nuhu, Nuraddeen Abubakar, Kevin Baird, and Appuhami Bala Appuhamilage. "The adoption and success of contemporary management accounting practices in the public sector." Asian Review of Accounting 25, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-02-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the interactive and diagnostic use of MCSs with the extent of adoption of contemporary management accounting practices, and the subsequent impact on the success of such practices in the public sector. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through the distribution of a mail survey of 740 questionnaires to public sector organisations in Australia, and analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings The study found that both the interactive and diagnostic approaches to using MCSs exhibit a positive association with the adoption of contemporary management accounting practices, both as a package and individually. In addition, while the level of success of contemporary management accounting practices was moderate, it was found that the extent of adoption of the practices enhanced their success. Practical implications The findings suggest that by intensifying the use of MCSs in a more interactive and diagnostic manner, public sector organisations are more likely to adopt contemporary management to a greater extent, with the subsequent increase in the extent of adoption of such practices to exacerbate their success. Originality/value The study contributes to the MCS contingency-based research by highlighting the interrelationship between two aspects of MCSs, the use of controls and the adoption and success of management accounting practices.
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Chen, Clara Xiaoling, Jeremy B. Lill, and Thomas W. Vance. "Management Control System Design and Employees' Autonomous Motivation." Journal of Management Accounting Research 32, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-17-068.
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ABSTRACT Using an online survey of 468 U.S. employees from diverse industries and professions, we provide empirical evidence that management control system design choices can affect autonomous motivation in employees. Drawing on self-determination theory and the levers of control framework, we predict and find that employee autonomous motivation is positively associated with the use of beliefs control systems and interactive control systems and negatively associated with the use of diagnostic control systems. Moreover, we find that the joint use of diagnostic and interactive controls is positively associated with autonomous motivation. We also find a positive association between employees' autonomous motivation and individual self-reported effort, job performance, and creativity. Additional analyses examine the sources of motivation behind these results, focusing on identified motivation. The theory and results of our study provide a potential explanation for the recent trend in practice of organizations increasingly emphasizing their values and higher purposes. Data Availability: Data are available upon request.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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Basto, Florence Mendes Correia Carp Pinto. "The diagnostic and interactive uses of management control systems in the Portuguese financial services industry : an exploratory analysis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11290.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisEste estudo teve como objectivo analisar as relações entre perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU), estrutura organizacional, tecnologia e a utilização diagnóstica e interactiva dos sistemas de controlo de gestão (SCG) no sector financeiro português. O estudo é desenvolvido tendo por base a Teoria da Contingência e os Levers of Control e utiliza PLS-SEM para realizar as análises tendo por base dados de um inquérito realizado a 50 empresas do sector. Os resultados indicam que níveis mais elevados de PEU estão associados a estruturas organizacionais mais descentralizadas e com maiores níveis de especificação e especialização de tarefas. O estudo também indica que níveis mais elevados de PEU estão associados a uma utilização mais intensiva dos SCG de forma diagnóstica e interactiva. Adicionalmente, os resultados sugerem que as empresas mais centralizadas e com níveis mais baixos de especificação e especialização de tarefas tendem a utilizar de forma mais intensiva um menor número de SCG quando comparadas com empresas mais descentralizadas e com maiores níveis de especificação e especialização de tarefas. Finalmente, a associação entre tecnologia e a utilização diagnóstica e interactiva dos SCG não é suportada estatísticamente.
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationships between perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU), organizational structure, technology and management control systems (MCS) diagnostic and interactive uses in the Portuguese financial services industry. The study is built upon the Contingency Theory and the Levers of Control framework and employs PLS-SEM to conduct the analyses on data from a survey of 50 firms. Results indicate that higher levels of PEU are associated with organizational structures that are more decentralized and that exhibit a higher degree of specification and specialization of tasks. This study also finds that higher levels of PEU are associated with a more intense use of MCS for diagnostic and interactive purposes. Additionally, results suggest that firms exhibiting higher centralization and lower levels of task specification and specialization will tend to use more intensively a lower number of MCS than more decentralized firms with higher levels of specification and specialization of tasks. Finally, the association between technology and MCS diagnostic and interactive uses were not found to be statistically significant.
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Doan, Cam Tu. "Analyse de la performance économique et financière dans les activités de service industriel." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003889.
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Cette thèse étudie la façon dont les gestionnaires utilisent les systèmes de contrôle de gestion comme des leviers de changement stratégique. Cette question est intéressante tant du point de vue théorique et une pratique. L'enquête se concentre sur le cas d'opérations de services industriels. Les spécificités de ce secteur - les flux immatériels, les compétences hétérogènes implication du client, - prendre son environnement particulièrement instable. Pendant ce temps, les forces de technologie de l'information époque les entreprises de services sans cesse procéder à des changements stratégiques à créer un avantage concurrentiel durable. Simons (1995, 2000) d 'un levier de contrôle de cadre est utilisé comme point de départ. Ce cadre propose deux repères extrêmes de classer les systèmes de contrôle de gestion: par rapport aux systèmes interactifs de diagnostic en fonction du degré d'implication du top management. Cette thèse développe deux idées nouvelles: premièrement, que le cadre de l'analyse pourrait être étendue à quatre dimensions: l'outil de gestion, la structure organisationnelle, l'utilisation du système de contrôle, et le système d'indemnisation, d'autre part, il explore la manière dont les quatre dimensions interagissent dans la pratique. La dimension outil provient de la littérature managériale sur les systèmes de contrôle. Il souligne l'importance de la coordination horizontale des flux de matières provenant de fournisseurs aux clients. La dimension organisationnelle est de la littérature sur la gestion de projet, ce qui élargit la coordination de cette question à de nouveaux produits et de nouveaux services. La dimension de compensation a déjà été mis en place par Simons, bien que cette dimension a rarement été exploré dans la pratique. Deux études de cas sont utilisées pour explorer la pertinence de cette grille. L'analyse porte sur plusieurs années où les changements stratégiques survenus, d'expliciter la manière dont ces changements ont été traduits dans les quatre dimensions de notre grille. Il semble que certaines configurations long de ces quatre dimensions sont plus efficaces que d'autres. Une configuration plus efficace à la fois présente des éléments interactifs et de diagnostic. Cette approche équilibrée, qui nous caractérisent des sociétés de services industriels, est présentée comme une idée intéressante à explorer dans de futures recherches. Conséquences en termes du rôle du contrôleur sont également discutées ..
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Wiberg, Linnea, Linda Nyberg, and Sjödin Viktoria. "Strategic Renewal and Management Control Systems : The Implementation Process of Strategic Renewal Through MCS." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26684.
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Background: Strategic renewal is a phenomenon where companies decide to do strategic alterations with the aim to improve their stasis in the current market (Kiesler & Sproull, 1982). This can be accomplished in several ways; in this report the focus is on management control systems and how they are incorporated in the strategic implementation process in order to drive and generate renewal. Management control systems are considered to be an important aspect of the strategy process (Simons, 1994). Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze to what extent and in what form interactive and diagnostic management control systems are employed in large organizations in order to drive strategic renewal. Methodology: This is a qualitative research with an abductive approach that is based on a single case study. Through interviews we answer how management control systems are used in the implementation process of strategic renewal on different levels of an organization; we have made ten interviews with top-, middle- and operational management. Conclusion: Our main finding is that the process of implementing a successful strategic renewal through the adoption of MCS is not a linear one. The process is continuous and conducted in a circular manner; this also implies the interrelation of the variables.
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Delebeck, Maria, and Johan Ivarsson. "Kvalitativ undersökning av diagnostisk och interaktiv kontroll i styrningen av högskolor : En beskrivande studie av styrdialogen." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45231.
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Problem description: The universities resources is allocated yearly through a regulation letter by the government which might make it more difficult to plan the organisation due to unforeseen events. The adaption and design of the management is a critical event that can cause negative consequences for the operation if made with deficient knowledge understanding about the cause and effect. We argue that this demands the management to clearly communicate the operations unique context, visions, goals and desired approach to create consensus within the organisation. Research question: How does the balance between interactive and diagnostic control affect the management and the actions between top and local management in universities? Purpose: The purpose with this research is to describe and understand how the balance between interactive and diagnostic controll in both the management and budget process affects actions in universities. Methodology: This is a descriptive qualitative research which is mainly deductive. The empirical data is based on six different interviews from six different respondents that has been interviewed according to two different interview guides depending on which management level they were. The interview guide is based on semi structured questions that are well anchored in the theory through a operationalization scheme to fulfil the purpose of gathering the desired data to ensure a high validity. Conclusions: Actions like budget games occurs despite reached balance between interactive and diagnostic control as a result of the universities context of being a part of the government since local savings is prohibited.Problemdiskussion: Resursfördelningen i högskolan tilldelas varje år genom att regeringen skickar ut regleringsbrev vilket medför att förmågan att planera långsiktigt till följd av oförutsedda händelser kan försvåras. Anpassning och utformning av styrdialogen är en kritisk händelse som vid bristande förståelse kring orsak och verkan, kan resultera i negativa konsekvenser för verksamheten. Detta ställer krav på en styrdialog som förmår att tydligt förmedla verksamhetens unika kontext, vision, mål och önskat tillvägagångssätt för att skapa samsyn inom organisationen. Forskningsfråga: Hur påverkar balansen mellan interaktiv och diagnostisk kontroll styrdialog och ageranden mellan central och lokal ledning i högskolor? Syfte: Vår undersökning syftar till att beskriva och förstå hur balansen mellan interaktiv och diagnostisk kontroll i såväl styrdialog som budgetprocess påverkar ageranden i högskolor. Metod: Detta är en beskrivande kvalitativ studie med en huvudsaklig deduktiv ansats. Empirin grundar sig på intervjuer från sex olika respondenter som har intervjuats efter två olika intervjuguider beroende av ledningsnivå. Intervjuguiden är baserad på semistrukturerade frågor som är väl förankrade i teorin genom ett operationaliseringsschema i syfte att samla önskad information för att säkerställa en hög validitet. Slutsats: Ageranden såsom budgetspel uppstår trots uppnådd balans mellan interaktiv och diagnostisk kontroll till följd av högskolans kontext av att vara en statlig myndighet då lokalt sparande inte tillåts.
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Oyadomari, José Carlos Tiomatsu. "Uso do sistema de controle gerencial e desempenho: um estudo em empresas brasileiras sob a ótica da VBR (Visão Baseada em Recursos)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-16012009-112641/.
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Contabilidade Gerencial e a Estratégia têm em comum a questão do desempenho organizacional, a primeira tem como objetivo medir o desempenho, a segunda se preocupa em como as organizações podem obter desempenho por meio de vantagens competitivas. Uma abordagem utilizada pela Estratégia é a Visão Baseada em Recursos, nessa ótica, o desempenho é potencializado pelas competências organizacionais da empresa, mas, nessa busca pelas competências, as organizações utilizam-se do Sistema de Controle Gerencial - SCG. Dependendo de como o SCG é utilizado, diagnóstica ou interativamente, ou uma combinação dos ambos, este pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento das competências e balancear as Tensões Dinâmicas e, indiretamente, influenciar o desempenho organizacional. Fundamentado no modelo teórico de Henri (2006), o objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para o entendimento deste relacionamento nas 1.000 maiores empresas brasileiras, utilizando a técnica estatística multivariada Modelagem de Equações Estruturais com o método de estimação Partial Least Square PLS. Os resultados em um total de 104 empresas indicam que (i) não existem evidências de relacionamento negativo entre o Uso Diagnóstico e o desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais, sugerindo que, no Brasil, o Uso Diagnóstico pode ter um menor componente disfuncional, e também, que este pode ser visto como uma rotina organizacional necessária para manter a organização dentro de um caminho planejado, o que não é incompatível com o desenvolvimento das competências; (ii) não existem relacionamentos significativos positivos entre desenvolvimento de competências e desempenho econômico, medido pelo Retorno sobre Patrimônio Líquido, o que é coerente com o estudo de Henri (2006), sugerindo que devem existir outras variáveis não contempladas no modelo, ou ainda que o indicador RSPL possa não ser uma proxy adequada de desempenho nos anos de 2005 a 2007; (iii) existe relacionamento positivo entre o Uso Interativo e o desenvolvimento de competências, com exceção do Empreendedorismo, o que é consistente com os resultados de Henri (2006); (iv) existe relacionamento positivo entre as Tensões Dinâmicas e as competências, o que está em linha com Henri (2006) e valida a teoria de que as tensões são importantes para busca da eficácia organizacional; (v) Uso Diagnóstico e Uso Interativo do SCG influenciam positivamente as Tensões Dinâmicas, podendo configurar o SCG como um recurso complementar na ótica da VBR; (vi) quando o desempenho é medido por auto-avaliação, ocorre uma alteração nos resultados dos relacionamentos entre competências e desempenho, com as competências Aprendizagem Organizacional e Orientação para Mercado influenciando positivamente o desempenho, indicando que estas duas competências/orientações devem ser estimuladas pelo uso do SCG. Os resultados da pesquisa estão sujeitos a algumas limitações, a principal delas refere-se ao fato que as respostas refletem a percepção dos profissionais de controladoria e finanças das empresas e a análise dos dados também não considerou a estratificação por setores econômicos. Estas limitações ensejam futuras pesquisas, como a sua replicação utilizando outro perfil de respondente, a realização de estudos de casos em empresas com diferentes culturas e desempenhos, bem como estudos que aprofundem a dimensão uso com competências específicas e mesmos construtos oriundos de outros campos de conhecimento.Managerial Accounting and the Strategy have in common the issue of organizational performance; the first has as the objective of performance measuring the second focuses on how the organizations can obtain performance through competitive advantages. An approach used by the Strategy is the Resource-Based View, through this point of view, the performance is maximized by the company organizational competences, but in this competences search, the organizations use the Management Control System - MCS. Depending on how the MCS is used diagnostically or interactively, or in a combination of both, this can contribute to the competences development and the dynamic tensions balance and indirectly, influence the organizational performance. Originated by the Henri (2006) theoretical model this study proposal is to contribute for this relationship understanding in the 1,000 Brazilian biggest companies, using the multivariate statistic technique Structural Equation Modeling with the estimation method Partial Least Square PLS. The result in a total of 104 companies indicates that (i) there are no evidences of negative relationship between the diagnostic use and the organizational competences development, suggesting that in Brazil, the diagnostic use can have a minor dysfunctional component, and also, that the diagnostic use can be seen as an organizational routine needed to maintain the organization in a planned path, which is not incompatible with the competences development ; (ii) there are no meaningful positive relationships between the competence development and the economical performance, measured by the Return on Equity, which is coherent with the Henri (2006), suggesting that there must be other variables not contemplated in the model, or even that the indicator ROE might not be an adequate proxy of development in the years of 2005-2007; (iii) there is a relationship between the interactive use and the development of competences, excepting the enterprising, which is consistent with Henri (2006) results; there is a positive relation between the dynamic tensions and the competences, which is aligned with Henri (2006) and validates the theory that the tensions are important for the search of the organizational effectiveness (v) diagnostic use and interactive use of the MCS have a positive influence on the dynamic tensions, being able to configure the MCS as an additional resource in the RBV framework ; (vi) when the development measurement is made by self-evaluation, there happens a results change of the relations between competences and performance, with the organizational learning competences and market orientation having a positive influence on the performance, indicating that this two competences/orientations must be stimulates by the MCS use. The research results have some limitation; the main one is that the answers reflect the perception of corporate controllers and finance managers The data analyses did not take in account the stratification by economical sector. These limitations enhance future researches, such as its reply using others professional profiles ; the use cases study methodology in companies with different cultural and performance profiles, and more accurate studies of the usage dimension of specific competences and the same construct deriving from other fields of knowledge.
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Renberg, Amanda, and Wiklund Mikaela Norgren. "Restaurangbranschens överlevnadsstrategier under Coronakrisen : En studie om krishantering inom restaurangbranschen i Norrbotten." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85234.
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En kris är vanligtvis förknippad med ett stort hot till företag och med en hög grad av osäkerhet. Varje krissituation är också unik vilket innebär att krishanteringen kommer att skilja sig åt beroende på den givna situationen. Coronavirusets utbrott utgör en global och unik kris som kommit att ställa restaurangbranschen inför en stor utmaning. Myndigheter har infört hårda restriktioner som har bidragit till ett minskat gästantal hos restaurangföretagen vilket resulterat i en minskad försäljning på kort tid. Med hänsyn till detta är syftet med denna studie att beskriva och förklara hur företag inom restaurangbranschen har hanterat rådande Coronakris. Syftet uppnås genom att jämföra restaurangföretagens strategier under Coronapandemin. Mer specifikt uppnås detta genom en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva restaurangföretag i Norrbotten. Restaurangföretagens sätt att hantera Coronapandemin har sedan analyserats utifrån Contingency Theory, Simons LOC med utgångspunkt i interaktiva- och diagnostiska styrsystem samt teorin om den ideala användningen av ekonomistyrning. Studiens slutsatser visar att det finns många likheter i hur restaurangföretagen har hanterat och fortfarande hanterar den rådande Coronakrisen. Nya intäktsställen, finansiella åtgärder för att minska kostnader och förändring i planeringen har varit återkommande strategier för att överleva krisen. Resultatet visar att dessa strategier indikerar på ett möjlighetssökande beteende som stimulerar lärande, idéskapande och kreativitet samt uppmuntrar till dialog och debatt vilket tyder på att interaktiva styrsystem har en betydelsefull roll för att anpassa sig till rådande situation och bemöta de osäkerheter som uppstår under en krissituation. Studiens resultat visar även att många av restaurangföretagen upplever ett ökat behov av kontroll under osäkra perioder och nämner budget som en relevant kontrollmekanism, vilket tyder på ett diagnostiskt arbetssätt. Huvudslutsatsen blir därför att restaurangföretagen främst arbetar interaktivt men till viss del även diagnostiskt i sitt sätt att hantera Coronakrisen, vilket tyder på en viss balans mellan dessa styrsystem.A crisis is usually associated with high uncertainity and with a major threat to companies. Each crisis is also unique, which means that every situation will be handled differently. The Coronavirus outbreak is a global and unique crisis that has posed a major challenge to the restaurant industry. Authorities have introduced restrictions that have limited the amount of guests at restaurants, which has in a short time frame resulted in reduced sales. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is to describe and explain how companies in the restaurant industry have managed the current Coronacrisis. The purpose is achieved by comparing the restaurants´ strategies during the Coronapandemic. More specifically, this is achieved through a qualitative study through semi-structured interviews with eleven restaurants in Norrbotten. The restaurants´ way of manage the Coronacrisis has then been analyzed from Contingency Theory, Simon´s LOC based on interactive- and diagnostic control systems and the theory of the ideal use of management control systems. The conclusion of the study show that there are many similarities in how restaurants have managed and still manage the current Coronacrisis. New revenue streams, financial measures to reduce costs and changes in planning have been recurring strategies for surviving the crisis. The results show that these strategies indicate on an opportunity-seeking behaviour that stimulates learning, creativity and encourages dialouge and debate. This, in turn, shows that interactive control systems play a significant role in adapting to the current situation and responding to the uncertainties that arise during a situation of crisis. The results of the study also show that many of the restaurants experience an increased need of control during uncertain times and mention budget as a relevant control mechanism, which indicates on a diagnostic approach. The main conclusion is therefore that the restaurants mainly work interactively but to some extent also diagnostically in their way of managing the Coronacrisis, which indicates on a certain balance between these control systems.
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Weiß, Malte Hanno [Verfasser]. "Bringing haptic general-purpose controls to interactive tabletops / Malte Hanno Weiß." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026307988/34.
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Viana, Paulo Henrique Lopes. "Uso dos relatórios gerenciais por gerentes de varejo de rede multinacional." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/952.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-09This paper investigated the associations between the usage of management reports for managers of business units from a retail company, the effectiveness of decisions and performance. To do this, we adopted the Mahama and Cheng (2013) model to measure the perceived benefits on usage of management reports, Widener (2007) to measure the intensity of usage of reports and cost of attention, and Baum and Wally (2003) to measuring the speed of decisions. We have also performed a quantitative analysis of the data obtained by combining survey data with historical data of the company. The results showed that there is a positive and significant statistical relationship between the perceived benefit of management reports and the intensity of their usage and the intensity of usage is positively associated with taking a more rapid, efficient and comprehensive decision. Moreover, most decision speed is related to improved financial performance and greater coverage of the decision is negatively associated with non-financial and financial performance. The main limitation of this study lies in the fact that the survey reflects the reality of a particular organization, so any generalizations should be avoided. Moreover, the results suggest that the company should invest in spreading the benefits of the use of management reports as a way to improve organizational performance.
Esta pesquisa estudou as associações entre o uso dos relatórios gerenciais por gestores das unidades de negócios de uma rede varejista, a eficácia das decisões e o desempenho. Para tanto, adotou-se o modelo Mahama e Cheng (2013) para se medir a percepção de benefícios do uso dos relatórios gerenciais, Widener (2007) para se medir a intensidade do uso dos relatórios e custo da atenção, e Baum e Wally (2003) para se medir a velocidade das decisões. Realizou-se também uma análise de dados quantitativa, combinando dados obtidos por survey com dados históricos da empresa. Os resultados apontaram que há uma relação estatística positiva e significante entre a percepção de benefício dos relatórios gerenciais e a intensidade de seu uso e que a intensidade de uso está positivamente associada a uma tomada de decisão mais veloz, eficiente e abrangente. Ademais, a maior velocidade de decisão está relacionada a melhores desempenhos financeiros e a maior abrangência da decisão está negativamente associada ao desempenho não financeiro e financeiro. A principal limitação do trabalho repousa no fato de que a pesquisa reflete a realidade de uma organização específica, portanto deve ser evitada qualquer generalização. Por outro lado, os resultados sugerem que a empresa deve investir na divulgação dos benefícios do uso dos relatórios gerenciais como forma de melhorar o desempenho organizacional.
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Hurley, Robert P. "An instructional design methodology for interactive multimedia courseware in dynamic systems and controls engineering." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16065.
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Matsumoto, Fumiaki. "Using simple controls to manipulate complex objects : application to the Drum-Boy interactive percussion system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61811.
Full textBooks on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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ActiveX Web programming: ISAPI, controls, and scripting. New York: Wiley Computer Pub., 1997.
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The Johns Hopkins atlas of digital EEG: An interactive training guide. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
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E, Doenges Marilynn. Application of nursing process and nursing diagnosis: An interactive text for diagnostic reasoning. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Davis, 1995.
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1947-, Moorhouse Mary Frances, ed. Application of nursing process and nursing diagnosis: An interactive text for diagnostic reasoning. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis, 2008.
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1947-, Moorhouse Mary Frances, ed. Application of nursing process and nursing diagnosis: An interactive text for diagnostic reasoning. 6th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 2013.
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International Conference on New Diagnostic Technology (2005 Saint-Malo, France). New diagnostic technology: Applications in animal health and biologics controls : Saint-Malo, France, October 3-5, 2005. Edited by Vannier Philippe, Espeseth David, and Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments. Basel: Karger, 2006.
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Office, General Accounting. Medicare: Internal controls over electronic claims for anesthesia services are inadequate : report to the Acting Administrator, Health Care Financing Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
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Publishers, Delmar. Interactive Companion - Industrmotor Controls. Delmar Pub, 1998.
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Jelovic, Dejan. Developing Activex Controls: Building Interactive Web Pages With Activex Controls. Waite Group Pr, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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Weiss, Malte, James D. Hollan, and Jan Borchers. "Augmenting Interactive Tabletops with Translucent Tangible Controls." In Tabletops - Horizontal Interactive Displays, 149–70. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-113-4_7.
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Ahlswede, Rudolf, and Harout Aydinian. "Interactive Communication, Diagnosis and Error Control in Networks." In Algorithmics of Large and Complex Networks, 197–226. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02094-0_10.
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Barahona, Pedro, Mário Veloso, Ricardo Amador, and Francisco Menezes. "Some Issues in the Control of Interactive Differential Diagnosis." In AIME 89, 72–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93437-7_8.
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He, Jinguo. "Development of Shared Interactive Coursewares Based on ActiveX Controls." In Advanced Technology in Teaching, 449–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29458-7_66.
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Sato, Syuichi, Kunio Kondo, Daisuke Ojiro, Hisashi Sato, Shizuo Shimada, and Mitsuru Kaneko. "Interactive Design of Animation with Knowledge Based Moving Controls." In Models and Techniques in Computer Animation, 286. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66911-1_26.
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Kasuya, K., K. Horioka, Y. Saito, K. Matsuura, N. Tazima, N. Matsuura, S. Kato, and Y. Goino. "Active Beam-Control and Active Laser-Diagnostic of Intense Pulsed Ion Sources." In Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena, 411–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3804-2_28.
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Bain, Nicolas, Nithya Rajan, and Bruce Gooch. "An Interactive Diagnostic Application for Food Crop Irrigation." In Human Interface and the Management of Information: Supporting Learning, Decision-Making and Collaboration, 202–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58524-6_18.
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Schoof, J. "Diagnostic Support in Allergology Using Interactive Learning Classifier Systems." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 588–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60187-3_64.
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Kim, Sung-Ho, and Kyung-Yong Chung. "Interactive Self-Diagnostic System Using Anatomical 3D Human Body." In IT Convergence and Security 2012, 967–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_116.
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Ficarra, Francisco V. Cipolla, and Andreas Kratky. "Security of the Automatic Information On-Line: A Study of the Controls Forbid." In Advances in New Technologies, Interactive Interfaces and Communicability, 151–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34010-9_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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Vannettia, F., T. Atzoria, G. Pasquinia, L. Forzonib, L. Modib, and R. Molino-Lovaa. "Superficial Electromyography and Motion Analysis Technologies applied to Ultrasound System User Interface and Probe Ergonomics Evaluation." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100493.
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The present work describes the ergonomics and usability preliminary tests regarding the human upper limb kinematics and strength evaluation of two diagnostic portable ultrasound scanners. The tests were performed by one expert sonographer in vivo on one subject in abdominal and vascular clinical applications and in vitro using a dynamometer. The two portable systems had different user interfaces and probe design: one system had traditionally-designed probes, a classic Soft keys interactive Menu, placed in the lower part of the screen, with toggles and buttons for the activation and adjustment of the functions, then a physical qwerty keyboard and a control panel. The other system had appleprobe-designed transducers, a touch screen integrated in the control panel with an interactive user interface and reduced number of physical buttons. Comparisons between the two systems considering the sonographer’s use are provided. Motion Analysis and Superficial Electromyography results will be presented and discussed on both systems regarding tests in vivo and in vitro only concerning Superficial Electromyography.
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Becker, Vincent, Sandro Kalbermatter, Simon Mayer, and Gábor Sörös. "Tailored Controls." In ISS '19: Interactive Surfaces and Spaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343055.3359700.
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Doss, Daniel L. "Electronic Engine Controls-A Diagnostic Challenge." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/850424.
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Ng, Gee W., Alex Lau, and Khee Y. How. "Autotuning interactive multiple model." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by Michael K. Masten and Larry A. Stockum. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.317504.
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Wurzbach, Richard N. "Diagnostic monitoring by infrared imaging of avian embryos." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing and Controls, edited by John R. Snell, Jr. and Richard N. Wurzbach. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.304713.
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Baldwin, Richard M., Anthony J. Smalley, James E. Terrell, Robert Prince, Charles N. Gray, Leo D. Eskin, and George H. Quentin. "Monitoring Combustion Turbine Performance in the Electric Utility Industry." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-051.
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This paper describes a monitoring and diagnostic system implemented on four Westinghouse 501 B4 peaking combustion turbines at the Tennessee Valley Authority’s (TVA’s) Gallatin Combustion Turbine Site, near Nashville, Tennessee. As a follow-up to a maintenance upgrade on the turbine trains, a means was sought to maximize service reliability and minimize labor and maintenance. The system consists of a vibration data acquisition system, ports to access control system data, a local area network, and software to diagnose vibration and performance problems. The analysis software modules expand the state-of-the-art by automated extraction of high level information from sampled raw data and they provide recommendations in graphical, tabular, and interactive formats. The software algorithms are designed to reduce required user expertise and input, and to enhance guidance to operators for appropriate action.
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Gheran, Bogdan-Florin, and Radu-Daniel Vatavu. "From Controls on the Steering Wheel to Controls on the Finger." In DIS '20: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3393914.3395851.
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Moczulski, Wojciech A., and Jan M. Zytkow. "Discovery of diagnostic knowledge from multisensor data." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Belur V. Dasarathy. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.421064.
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Fogel, Lawrence J., Vincent W. Porto, and Steven M. Alexander. "Intelligently interactive combat simulation." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Alex F. Sisti and Dawn A. Trevisani. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.440047.
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Zaleski, James V., and Claude D. Perkins. "TECH 1 Interactive Diagnostic Tester." In West Coast International Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861108.
Full textReports on the topic "Interactive and diagnostic controls"
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Levisohn, Sharon, Mark Jackwood, and Stanley Kleven. New Approaches for Detection of Mycoplasma iowae Infection in Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612834.bard.
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Mycoplasma iowae (Mi) is a pathogenic avian mycoplasma which causes mortality in turkey embryos and as such has clinical and economic significance for the turkey breeder industry. Control of Mi infection is severely hampered by lack of adequate diagnostic tests, together with resistance to most antibiotics and resilience to environment. A markedly high degree of intra-species antigenic variation also contributes to difficulties in detection and control of infection. In this project we have designed an innovative gene-based diagnostic test based on specific amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of Mi. This reaction, designed Multi-species PCR-RFLP test, also amplifies the DNA of the pathogenic avian mycoplasmas M. gallisepticum (Mg) and M. synoviae (Ms). This test detects DNA equivalent to about 300 cfu Mi or either of the other two target mycoplasmas, individually or in mixed infection. It is a quick test, applicable to a wide variety of clinical samples, such as allantoic fluid or tracheal or cloacal swab suspensions. Differential diagnosis is carried out by gel electro-phoresis of the PCR amplicon digested with selected restriction enzymes (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). This can also be readily accomplished by using a simple Dot-Blot hybridization assay with digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes reacting specifically with unique Mi, Mg or Ms sequences in the PCR amplicon. The PCR/OLIGO test increased sensitivity by at least 10-fold with a capacity for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. Experimental infection trials were carried out to evaluate the diagnostic tools and to study pathogenesis of Mi infection. Field studies and experimental infection of embryonated eggs indicated both synergistic and competitive interaction of mycoplasma pathogens in mixed infection. The value of the PCR diagnostic tests for following the time course of egg transmission was shown. A workable serological test (Dot Immunobinding Assay) was also developed but there was no clear-cut evidence that infected turkeys develop an immune response. Typing of a wide spectrum of Mi field isolates by a variety of gene-based molecular techniques indicated a higher degree of genetic homogeneity than predicted on the basis of the phenotypic variability. All known strains of Mi were detected by the method developed. Together with an M. meleagridis-PCR test based on the same gene, the Multi-species PCR test is a highly valuable tool for diagnosis of pathogenic mycoplasmas in single or mixed infection. The further application of this rapid and specific test as a part of Mi and overall mycoplasma control programs will be dependent on developments in the turkey industry.
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Roth, Amir, and Janet Reyna. Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings Technical Report Series: Whole-Building Controls, Sensors, Modeling, and Analytics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1580329.
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Yogev, David, Ricardo Rosenbusch, Sharon Levisohn, and Eitan Rapoport. Molecular Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma agalactiae and its Application in Diagnosis and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573073.bard.
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Mycoplasma bovis and M. agalactiae are two phylogenetically related mycoplasmas which cause economically significant diseases in their respective bovine or small ruminant hosts. These organisms cause persistent asymptomatic infections that can result in severe outbreaks upon introduction of carrier animals into susceptible herds. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying mycoplasma-host interaction, variation in virulence, or of the factors enabling avoidance of the host immune system. In recent years it has become apparent that the ability of pathogenic microorganisms to rapidly alter surface antigenic structures and to fine tune their antigenicity, a phenomena called antigenic variation, is one of the most effective strategies used to escape immune destruction and to establish chronic infections. Our discovery of a novel genetic system, mediating antigenic variation in M. bovis (vsp) as well as in M. agalactiae (avg) served as a starting point for our proposal which included the following objectives: (i) Molecular and functional characterization of the variable surface lipoproteins (Vsp) system of M. bovis and comparison with the Vsp-counterpart in M. agalactiae (ii) Determination of the role of Vsp proteins in the survival of M. bovis when confronted by host defense factors, (iii) Assessment of Vsp-based genetic and antigenic typing of M. bovis and M. agalactiae for epidemiology of infection and (iv) Improvement of diagnostic tests for M. bovis and M. agalactiae based on the vsp-and vsp-analogous systems. We have carried out an extensive molecular characterization of the vsp system and unravelled the precise molecular mechanism responsible for the generation of surface antigenic variation in M. bovis. Our data clearly demonstrated that the two pathogenic mycoplasma species possess large gene families encoding variable lipoprotein antigens that apparently play an important role in immune evasion and in pathogen-host interaction during infection. Phase variable production of these antigens was found to be mediated by a novel molecular mechanism utilizing double site-specific DNA inversions via an intermediate vsp configuration. Studies in model systems indicate that phase variation of VspA is relevant in interaction between M. bovis and macrophages or monocytes, a crucial stage in pathogenesis. Using an ELISA test with captured VspA as an antigen, phase variation was shown to occur in vivo and under field conditions. Genomic rearrangements in the avg gene family of M. agalactiae were shown to occur in vivo and may well have a role in evasion of host defences and establishment of chronic infection. An epidemiological study indicated that patterns of vsp-related antigenic variation diverge rapidly in an M. bovis infected herd. Marked divergence was also found with avg-based genomic typing of M. agalactiae in chronically infected sheep. However, avg-genomic fingerprints were found to be relatively homogeneous in different animals during acute stages of an outbreak of Contagious Agalactiae, and differ between unrelated outbreaks. These data support the concept of vsp-based genomic typing but indicate the necessity for further refinement of the methodology. The molecular knowledge on these surface antigens and their encoding genes provides the basis for generating specific recombinant tools and serological methods for serodiagnosis and epidemiological purposes. Utilization of these methods in the field may allow differentiating acutely infected herds from chronic herds and disease-free herds. In addition the highly immunogenic nature of these lipoproteins may facilitate the design of protective vaccine against mycoplasma infections.
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Fluhr, Robert, and Maor Bar-Peled. Novel Lectin Controls Wound-responses in Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697123.bard.
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Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In plants, one set of this defense system is characterized by large families of TIR–nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) resistance genes. The direct interaction between plant proteins harboring the TIR domain with proteins that transmit and facilitate a signaling pathway has yet to be shown. The Arabidopsis genome encodes TIR-domain containing genes that lack NBS and LRR whose functions are unknown. Here we investigated the functional role of such protein, TLW1 (TIR LECTIN WOUNDRESPONSIVE1). The TLW1 gene encodes a protein with two domains: a TIR domain linked to a lectin-containing domain. Our specific aim in this proposal was to examine the ramifications of the TL1-glycan interaction by; A) The functional characterization of TL1 activity in the context of plant wound response and B) Examine the hypothesis that wounding induced specific polysaccharides and examine them as candidates for TL-1 interactive glycan compounds. The Weizmann group showed TLW1 transcripts are rapidly induced by wounding in a JA-independent pathway and T-DNA-tagged tlw1 mutants that lack TLW1 transcripts, fail to initiate the full systemic wound response. Transcriptome methodology analysis was set up and transcriptome analyses indicates a two-fold reduced level of JA-responsive but not JA-independent transcripts. The TIR domain of TLW1 was found to interact directly with the KAT2/PED1 gene product responsible for the final b-oxidation steps in peroxisomal-basedJA biosynthesis. To identify potential binding target(s) of TL1 in plant wound response, the CCRC group first expressed recombinant TL1 in bacterial cells and optimized conditions for the protein expression. TL1 was most highly expressed in ArcticExpress cell line. Different types of extraction buffers and extraction methods were used to prepare plant extracts for TL1 binding assay. Optimized condition for glycan labeling was determined, and 2-aminobenzamide was used to label plant extracts. Sensitivity of MALDI and LC-MS using standard glycans. THAP (2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenone) showed minimal background peaks at positive mode of MALDI, however, it was insensitive with a minimum detection level of 100 ng. Using LC-MS, sensitivity was highly increased enough to detect 30 pmol concentration. However, patterns of total glycans displayed no significant difference between different extraction conditions when samples were separated with Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography system. Transgenic plants over-expressing lectin domains were generated to obtain active lectin domain in plant cells. Insertion of the overexpression construct into the plant genome was confirmed by antibiotic selection and genomic DNA PCR. However, RT-PCR analysis was not able to detect increased level of the transcripts. Binding ability of azelaic acid to recombinant TL1. Azelaic acid was detected in GST-TL1 elution fraction, however, DHB matrix has the same mass in background signals, which needs to be further tested on other matrices. The major findings showed the importance of TLW1 in regulating wound response. The findings demonstrate completely novel and unexpected TIR domain interactions and reveal a control nexus and mechanism that contributes to the propagation of wound responses in Arabidopsis. The implications are to our understanding of the function of TIR domains and to the notion that early molecular events occur systemically within minutes of a plant sustaining a wound. A WEB site (http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/hormonometer/) was set up that enables scientists to interact with a collated plant hormone database.
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Bilovska, Natalia. TACTICS OF APPROACHING THE AUTHOR CLOSER TO THE READER: INTERACTIVE COOPERATION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11408.
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The article clarifies the features of interactive relationships, which are modeled by the addresser of modern media text for maximum impact on the addressee. The author controls the perception of the text, focusing on linguistic competence and an objective picture of the reader’s world. A pragmatic approach to journalistic text makes it possible to identify explicit and implicit forms of dialogue: modeling feedback and interactive settings that can turn a hypothetical reader into a real one, adapting to the addressee’s language thesaurus. Discursive openness to the exchange of views with the addressee leads to the fact that the entire media text becomes a guarantee of commonality of addresser-addressee interpretations. The difference between the addresser and the addressee is minimized, their connection is strengthened through the combination of linguistic consciousness, which, in turn, forms a special structure and semantics of the journalistic text, in which the emphasis is not on I but on the Other. The addressee in some implicit or explicit form is always in all segments of the media text, and the author establishes a trusting relationship with the reader through the phatic linguistic means that the addressee relates to himself. Approaching the addressee is a sign of modern journalistic texts, which show a tendency to dialogue and democratization of forms of mass communication, and their characteristic feature is the actualization in the center of attention of the addressee, latent (mediated by written text) dialogue with which is modeled as real. The addressee in the process of establishing contact with the author of the media text also becomes the part of broad cognitive space. This opportunity is realized if the journalist has different types of competence – communicative and procedural, that is, is able to compare their own thesaurus, their own knowledge with the thesaurus and the picture of the world of his reader. Modern journalism is characterized by the search for contact with the addressee and new effective models of influence and intimacy of relationships that contribute to the creation of a single cognitive space for both, which, in turn, will allow the recipient to move from knowledge to understanding.
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McGarrigle, M. Embedding Building Information Modelling into Construction Technology and Documentation Courses. Unitec ePress, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.005.
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The aim of this research is to generate a resource to assist construction lecturers in identifying opportunities where Building Information Modelling [BIM] could be employed to augment the delivery of subject content within individual courses on construction technology programmes. The methodology involved a detailed analysis of the learning objectives and underpinning knowledge of the course content by topic area, within the residential Construction Systems 1 course presently delivered at Unitec on the National Diplomas in Architectural Technology[NDAT], Construction Management [NDCM] and Quantity Surveying [NDQS]. The objective is to aid students’ understanding of specific aspects such as planning controls or sub-floor framing by using BIM models, and investigate how these could enhance delivery modes using image,animation and interactive student activity. A framework maps the BIM teaching opportunities against each topic area highlighting where these could be embedded into construction course delivery. This template also records software options and could be used in similar analyses of other courses within similar programmes to assist with embedding BIM in subject delivery.
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McGarrigle, M. Embedding Building Information Modelling into Construction Technology and Documentation Courses. Unitec ePress, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.005.
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The aim of this research is to generate a resource to assist construction lecturers in identifying opportunities where Building Information Modelling [BIM] could be employed to augment the delivery of subject content within individual courses on construction technology programmes. The methodology involved a detailed analysis of the learning objectives and underpinning knowledge of the course content by topic area, within the residential Construction Systems 1 course presently delivered at Unitec on the National Diplomas in Architectural Technology[NDAT], Construction Management [NDCM] and Quantity Surveying [NDQS]. The objective is to aid students’ understanding of specific aspects such as planning controls or sub-floor framing by using BIM models, and investigate how these could enhance delivery modes using image,animation and interactive student activity. A framework maps the BIM teaching opportunities against each topic area highlighting where these could be embedded into construction course delivery. This template also records software options and could be used in similar analyses of other courses within similar programmes to assist with embedding BIM in subject delivery.
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LI, Zhendong, Chengcheng Zhang, Hangjian Qiu, Xiaoqian Wang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Different Acupuncture Intervention Time-points for Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment：Protocol For a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0043.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of different acupuncture interventions time-point in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer-reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3. Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4. Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate cognitive abilities.
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LI, Zhendong, Hangjian Qiu, xiaoqian Wang, chengcheng Zhang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Comparative Efficacy of 5 non-pharmaceutical Therapies For Adults With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: Protocol For A Bayesian Network Analysis Based on 55 Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0036.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of 5 different non-pharmaceutical therapies in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) and Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA) for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3.Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4.The interventions of the experimental groups were Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) or Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA), and the interventions of the control group takes routine rehabilitation and cognition training or other therapies mentioned above that were different from the intervention group. 5.Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate the cognitive abilities. The secondary outcome indicator was the Barthel Index (BI) to assess independence in activities of daily living (ADLs).
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.