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1
Sariri-Khayatzadeh, Reyhaneh. Tear protein interaction with hydrogel contact lenses. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1995.
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2
E, Dixon John. Reading a relational situation: The contending lenses. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Dervishi, Zyhdi. Lente të ndërveprimit simbolik: Analisë sociologjike e rolit të simboleve kulturore, të komunikimit joverbal. Tiranë: Emal, 2008.
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Everett, Samuel Sami, and Rebekah Vince, eds. Jewish-Muslim Interactions. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621334.001.0001.
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By exploring dynamic Jewish–Muslim interactions across North Africa and France through performance culture in the 20th and 21st centuries, this book offers an alternative chronology and lens to a growing trend in media and scholarship that views these interactions primarily through conflict. The book interrogates interaction that crosses the genres of theatre, music, film, art, and stand-up, emphasising creative influence and artistic cooperation between performers from the Maghrib, with a focus on Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and diaspora communities, notably in France. The plays, songs, films, images, and comedy sketches analysed are multilingual, mixing not only with the former colonial language French, but also the rich diversity of indigenous Amazigh and Arabic languages. The first section examines accents, affiliations, and exchange, with an emphasis on aesthetics, familiarity, changing social roles, and cultural entrepreneurship. The second section shifts to consider departure and lingering presence through spectres and taboos, in its exploration of absence, influence, and elision. The volume concludes with an autobiographical afterword, which reflects on memories and legacies of Jewish–Muslim interactions across the Mediterranean.
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Guillery, Ray. Interacting with the world. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0012.
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In this chapter, the extent to which actions and perceptions depend on each other is explored particularly for the visual system. Viewing the world through a mirror or a lens that displaces or inverts images provides examples of our ability to learn new sensorimotor consistencies. The use of sensory prostheses that replace one sensory modality with another, for example, visual by tactile stimuli or vestibular by tactile stimuli, provides examples of the capacity of our brains to learn about new sensorimotor relationships, often with surprising rapidity, even in an adult.
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Coles, Kimberly Anne, and Dorothy Kim, eds. A Cultural History of Race in the Renaissance and Early Modern Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350067462.
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The past is always an interpretive act from the lens of the present. Through the lens of critical race theory, the essays collected here explore new analytical models, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches in attempting to reimainge the European Renaissance and early modern periods in terms of global expansion, awareness, and participation. Centering race in these periods requires that we acknolwedge the people against whom social hierarchies and differential treatment were directed. This collection takes Europe as its focus, but White Europeans are not centred in it and the experiences of Black Africans, Asians, Jews, and Muslims are not relegated to the margins of a shared history. Situating Europe within a global context forces the reconsideration of the violence that attends the interaction of peoples both across cultures and enmired within them. The less we are attentive to the cultural interactions, cross-cultural migrations, and global dimensions of the late medieval and early modern periods, the less we are forced to recognize the violence, intolerance, power struggles, and enforced suppressions that attend them.
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Howard, Ella. New York Liberalism and the Fight against Homelessness. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036866.003.0006.
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This chapter uses the city of New York as a case study of the challenges facing liberals as they struggled to tailor their social policies to a political culture often hostile to public aid to the indigent. It traces the interaction of liberal policy making and the fortunes of those on the margins of society over the second half of the twentieth century. The chapter examines efforts to reform the behavior of the homeless as well as campaigns to renovate the areas in which they lived. New York liberalism shaped the development of urban renewal programs, substance abuse treatment programs, and mental health reform, and studying homelessness through that lens lends insight into an understanding of both liberal compassion and its limits.
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Smith, Wendy K., Marianne W. Lewis, Paula Jarzabkowski, and Ann Langley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754428.001.0001.
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Organizations are rife with paradoxes. Contradictory and interdependent tensions emerge from and within multiple levels, including individual interactions, group dynamics, organizational strategies, and the broader institutional context. Examples abound such as those between stability and change, empowerment and alienation, flexibility and control, diversity and inclusion, exploration and exploitation, social and commercial, competition and collaboration, learning and performing. These examples accentuate the distinctions between concepts, positing their potential opposition; either A or B. Yet the social world is pluralistic, and comprises multiple, interwoven tensions, in which the relationship between A and B persists in a dynamic, ever-changing relationship. In the last thirty years, the depth and breadth of paradox studies in organizational theory has grown exponentially, surfacing new insights and applications while challenging foundational ideas, and raising questions around definitions, overlapping lenses, and varied research and managerial approaches. In this book, renowned organizational scholars draw from diverse lenses, theories, and empirics to depict paradox within organizational studies and provide a range of lenses and tools with which to understand and conduct research into such phenomena. In doing so, we hope these chapters re-energize continued insight on organizational paradox, plurality, tensions, and contractions.
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Eichler-Levine, Jodi. American Judaism and Race. Edited by Paul Harvey and Kathryn Gin Lum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.17.
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Thinking about American Jews, race, and religion entails confronting the instability of those terms. This chapter examines the history of Jews and race in the United States through three lenses. First, it looks at the history of how Eastern European Jews have been “raced” in America, and in particular how they became “white.” Second, it considers Jewish interactions with other groups, such as blacks, Native Americans, and Asians, and how Jewish identity has been co-constituted with and against that of other groups. Third, the chapter looks at internal Jewish diversity and the challenges presented by Euro-centric models of Jewishness. The chapter concludes by considering Jews, race, and religion in the age of Ferguson.
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Dueck, Jonathan. Music as Shared Space in Mennonite Development Work in Chad. Edited by Jonathan Dueck and Suzel Ana Reily. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859993.013.9.
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This chapter highlights negotiations of meanings a Western church worker encountered in a Chadian congregation. For many mainline churches, “missions agencies,” focused on proselytization, are not the sole or even primary mode of outreach; “development agencies,” focused on local economic and social development, complement them. These two types of agencies are tied, through institutional memories in Western and African churches, to the cultural, including musical, practices of missions. The chapter retells the story of a Western development worker who frames her role as “learner” but finds she is understood as missionary “teacher” and is asked to teach and not learn music. Music is a persistent indicator of a history of missionary interactions between Chadian and Western Christians that lends meanings to and constrains present-day transnational interactions between them; it can provide a shared space of practice that is not contiguous with the “meanings” of the music under discussion.
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Khilnani, Sunil. India’s Rise. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.49.
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How should India’s rise be understood in the framework of international relations and a changing global order? This chapter assesses India’s jostle for an advantageous position on the world stage through three sets of lenses: the attempt to voice the civilizational values of a nascent nation; the expressions of the economic and developmental needs of a poor citizenry; and the self-professed aims and pursuits of the interests of a sovereign state. It then outlines some of the challenges in defining India’s international position, and explores possible means through which these can be navigated. In order to optimize the rewards of India’s interactions with the global order, deft management of all three approaches is necessary, enabled by a recognition of the fact that its greatest strength lies in the ability to articulate a democratically validated foreign policy.
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Cabán-Alemán, Carissa. Cultural Humility. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0004.
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The importance of culture in mental health is widely recognized. It plays a key role in defining the predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors that mediate the development of an illness. It is the lens that colors provider–patient interactions, as well as the social, political, economic, and climatological systems that sustain these interactions. This chapter uses a case example to illustrate the principles of cultural humility and how this concept provides a general framework to address health disparities and recognize the systemic imbalances that influence illnesses. The chapter discusses how health care systems and providers can develop respectful partnerships with their patients and communities using critical self-reflection, implement institutional accountability, and address power dynamics related to health in order to improve treatment practices and sustain efforts to address the structural inequities that predispose and potentiate illnesses.
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Mark, James E., Dale W. Schaefer, and Gui Lin. The Polysiloxanes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181739.001.0001.
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Polysiloxanes are the most studied inorganic and semi-inorganic polymers because of their many medical and commercial uses. The Si-O backbone endows polysiloxanes with intriguing properties: the strength of the Si-O bond imparts considerable thermal stability, and the nature of the bonding imparts low surface free energy. Prostheses, artificial organs, objects for facial reconstruction, vitreous substitutes in the eyes, and tubing take advantage of the stability and pliability of polysiloxanes. Artificial skin, contact lenses, and drug delivery systems utilize their high permeability. Such biomedical applications have led to biocompatibility studies on the interactions of polysiloxanes with proteins, and there has been interest in modifying these materials to improve their suitability for general biomedical application. Polysiloxanes examines novel aspects of polysiloxane science and engineering, including properties, work in progress, and important unsolved problems. The volume, with ten comprehensive chapters, examines the history, preparation and analysis, synthesis, characterization, and applications of these polymeric materials.
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Mukhopadhyay, Anway, Saptarshi Mallick, and Debashree Dattaray, eds. Finding Philosophers in Global Fiction. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798765100950.
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A cross-cultural study that explores and redefines what philosophy, philosophizing, and philosophers are through the lens of literature. The academic discipline of philosophy may tell us, too rigidly, what a philosopher is or should be; but fictional narration often upholds the core conundrums of humankind in which philosophy germinates. This collection of essays explores whether a study of ‘philosophers’ at a planetary scale, or at least on a broad cross-cultural spectrum, can decouple philosophy from its academic aspect and lend it a more inclusive domain. Contributors to this volume play with three conceptual poles, making them interact with each other and get modified through this interaction: ‘fiction’, ‘narrative’ and ‘philosopher’. How do these three terms get semantically modified and broadened in scope when we speak of the figures of philosophers in imaginative writing? How do these terms assume different connotations in different cultural contexts, interacting with the multiplicity of not just ‘thought’, but also the media and tools of ‘thought’? Do we always think only rationally? Or do we also think with and through emotively powerful images, symbols and tropes? In the end,Finding Philosophers in Global Fictioninsists on the need to ‘de-elitize’ and democratize the concept of a ‘philosopher’ by reflecting on the possibility of seeing a philosopher as one who sees things clearly, from any vantage point.
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Kitschelt, Herbert. Party Systems and Radical Right-Wing Parties. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.9.
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This chapter presents an introduction to different theories of party competition, as exemplified by the substantive puzzle of radical right-wing partisan rise. The first task, however, is to conceptualize radical right party fortunes within the context of competitive party systems. The next three sections discuss the initial rise of radical right parties through three lenses: spatial theories of party competition, institutional and historical mediators of current competitive opportunities for radical right entry, and non-spatial theories of party competition based on valence and issue ownership. This is followed by a report on research about the ongoing strategic interaction between radical right parties and their competitors after the former’s initial rise to electoral prowess. The chapter concludes with several general synthesizing hypotheses about the life cycle of political parties, with the radical right’s rise and possible future demise being a particular application.
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Porter, Mark. Ecologies of Resonance in Christian Musicking. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197534106.001.0001.
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Ecologies of Resonance in Christian Musicking explores a diverse range of Christian musical activity through the conceptual lens of resonance, a concept rooted in the physical, vibrational, and sonic realm that carries with it an expansive ability to simultaneously describe personal, social, and spiritual realities. In this book, Mark Porter proposes that attention to patterns of back-and-forth interaction that exist in and alongside sonic activity can help to understand the dynamics of religious musicking in new ways and, at the same time, can provide a means for bringing diverse traditions into conversation. The book focuses on different questions arising out of human experience in the moment of worship. What happens if the entry point of a human being experiencing certain patterns of (more than) sonic interaction with the world around them is taken as a focus for exploration? What different ecologies of interaction can be encountered? What kinds of patterns can be traced through different Christian worshiping environments? And how do these operate across multiple dimensions of experience? Chapters covering ascetic sounding, noisy congregations, and Internet live-streaming, among others, serve to highlight the diverse ecologies of resonance that surround Christian musicking, suggesting the potential to develop new perspectives on devotional musical activity that focus not primarily on compositions or theological ideals but on changing patterns of interaction across multiple dimensions between individuals, spaces, communities, and God.
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Morris, Jeremy. Everyday Politics in Russia. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350509351.
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What do Russians really want? Do they want authoritarianism and are they prepared to go along with a war of conquest and destruction? Or do they want something else?A landmark contribution to the field, Morris is the only social researcher to have carried out fieldwork in Russia since the invasion of Ukraine, engaging with communities in Moscow, regional cities, as well as rural areas to bring perspectives on Russian everyday lives that are now entirely inaccessible to the West.Everyday Politics in Russiauses the lens of micropolitics, defined not as politics in miniature but instead as taking seriously the political content of people’s normal lives revealed in their practices, interactions and discussions. Based on decades-long interactions with people from a diverse cross-section of society in Russia – from security service officers to factory workers, from unemployed young men to citizen journalists and activists, this is the most comprehensive insight to date into the complexity of Russian attitudes toward war, their government and the post-1991 political trajectory.
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Lather, Amy. Materiality and Aesthetics in Archaic and Classical Greek Poetry. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474462358.001.0001.
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This book formulates a novel way to comprehend the relationship between materiality and cognition by demonstrating how descriptions of objects in archaic and classical Greek texts reveal distinctive ways of conceptualizing human thought and perception. The readings center on the concept of poikilia, a richly multivalent term in Greek aesthetics that is used to characterize artifacts as well as mental activity. By delineating patterns of interaction between living and inorganic beings through the lens of this aesthetic concept, this book maps a body of canonical texts onto the new critical terrains comprised by the new materialisms and cognitive humanities and reveals the points of intersection between cognitive processes and the material entities produced by them. The result, an innovative contribution to both Classics and New Materialism studies, uncovers the intimate and reciprocal interaction between minds and matter as central to ancient Greek aesthetic experience.
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Dizon, Mark. Reciprocal Mobilities. University of North Carolina PressChapel Hill, NC, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469676449.001.0001.
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Abstract Throughout the eighteenth century, independent Indigenous people from the borderlands of the Philippines visited the centers of Spanish colonial rule in the archipelago. Their travels are the counternarratives to one-dimensional stories of Spanish conquest of, and Indigenous resistance in, interior frontiers. Indigenous inhabitants on the island of Luzon constantly moved about—visiting allies and launching raids—and thus shaped history in the process. Their mobility allows us to glimpse their agency in colonial interactions in the early modern period. The landscape contains the traces of how they moved as well as how they channeled and impeded mobility in the borderlands. Mark Dizon views the colonial interactions in Philippine borderlands through the lens of reciprocal mobilities. Spanish mobilities of conquests and conversions had their counterpart in Indigenous visits and ambushes. Colonial encounters were not isolated individual events but rather a connected web of approaches, rebuffs, rapprochements, and dispersals. They took place not only in the exploration of remote forests and mountains but also in conjunction with Indigenous travels to colonial cities like Manila. Indigenous people of the borderlands were not immobile, timeless actors; they created history in their wake as they journeyed through the borderlands and beyond.
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Jardine, Cara. Eroding Legitimacy? The Impact of Imprisonment on the Relationships between Families, Communities, and the Criminal Justice System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810087.003.0011.
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This chapter attempts to address the issues about the role of criminal justice agencies within prisoners’ families and communities, and how social inequalities consequently become heightened and entrenched, through the conceptual lens of legitimacy. It considers the idea that prison officers cannot simply impose their authority. Rather, the terms of these power relations should be defined by clear rules, consented to by prisoners, and also justifiable from their perspective. These arguments are instructive in this chapter as they highlight the importance of justice, fairness, and respect in achieving legitimacy. They also reveal the damaging effects when these qualities are absent from seemingly ‘everyday’ interactions.
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Carrier, Tyler J., Adam M. Reitzel, and Andreas Heyland, eds. Section 1 Summary—Evolutionary Origins and Transitions in Developmental Mode. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0006.
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Abiotic variables and biotic interactions can act on variation in life history traits, ultimately leading to divergence in reproductive mode. Marine invertebrates have a remarkable diversity in such strategies, sometimes even between closely related species. It is this natural diversity that lends itself to employing a powerful comparative approach, both for particular morphological characteristics as well as molecular signatures from developmental genes. For example, complex life histories, where a larval stage is interposed between the embryo and juvenile, likely represent the product of numerous selection pressures, historical and current, that have shaped the diversity of larval stages in extant marine species. In fact, the very question about “what is a larva?” has to be addressed, as it is so intimately connected to bentho-planktonic life cycle and metamorphosis. Furthermore, novel larval types have evolved in particular lineages and larvae have been secondarily lost in others. This in itself creates an interesting and exciting playground to test evolutionary developmental hypotheses....
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Jones, Angela. Camming. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479842964.001.0001.
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Camming is based on a five-year mixed-methods study of the erotic webcam industry, and tells a pornographic story about the multibillion-dollar online sex industry colloquially called “camming.” Through camming, millions of people from all over the globe have found decent wages, friendship, intimacy, community, empowerment, and pleasure. This deeply rich book is filled with the stories of a diverse sample of cam models from around the world. This book is not a utopian tale. Cam models, like all sex workers, must grapple with exploitation, discrimination, harassment, and stigmatization. Using an intersectional lens, Jones is attentive to how the overlapping systems of neoliberal capitalism, White supremacy, patriarchy, cissexism, heterosexism, and ableism shape all cam models’ experiences in this new global sex industry. This thorough examination of the camming industry provides a unique vantage point from which to understand and theorize around gender, sexuality, race, and labor in a time when workers globally face increasing economic precariousness and worsened forms of alienation, and desperately desire to recapture pleasure in work. Despite the serious issues cam models face, Jones’s focus on pleasure will help people better understand the motivations for engaging in online sex work, as well as the complex social interactions between cam models and customers. In Camming, Jones pioneers an entirely new subfield in sociology—the sociology of pleasure. The sociology of pleasure can provide new insights into the motivation for social behavior and assist sociologists in analyzing social interactions in everyday life.
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Meier, Ninna, and Sue Dopson, eds. Context in Action and How to Study It. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805304.001.0001.
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The concept of context is a cornerstone of a large part of social science research, particularly in organization and management studies, yet it has received little theoretical and methodological attention in lieu of its relevance. This book offers a definition of context as a theoretical construct, a discussion of the methodological implications of this, and a framework for how to reflect upon and operationalize the role of context in the different stages of a research process, from formulating research questions to analyzing and writing about results. The chapters presented here integrate lessons derived from various research experiences across the complex and dynamic field of health care. Contributors share their experiences with theorizing about and empirically studying significant organizational phenomena such as implementation of policy, organizational change, integration of care, patient involvement, human-technology interactions in practice, and the interplay between work environment and care outcomes in eldercare. These contributions exemplify how a nuanced approach to context might unfold in different fields, through different designs, methods, and analytical lenses. Relevant to researchers and practitioners, within both healthcare, organization and management studies, and the social sciences more broadly, this book leaves the reader with a practical framework from which to carry out contextual research and analysis and a gain deeper understanding of the significance of context in organizational life.
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Youth lens on the Silk Roads. Best photos from the International Silk Roads Photo Contest, 3rd edition. UNESCO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54678/dsue7368.
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This photo album, Youth Lens on the Silk Roads, is the result of the 3rd edition of the international photo contest Youth Eyes on the Silk Roads, organized by the UNESCO Silk Roads Programme, and with the generous support of the China World Peace Foundation. This annual initiative offers young people from all over the world a fantastic opportunity to explore the shared heritage, legacy and spirit of the Silk Roads through the art of photography. The ‘Silk Roads’ is an expression that refers to the vast and complex network of maritime and land routes that have linked East, South, and Southeast Asia, to Central Asia, the Russian Steppes, the Indian Subcontinent, the Iranian and Anatolian Plateaus, and the Arabian Peninsula for thousands of years. They also stretched through North and Northeast Africa, as well as Eastern and Southern Europe, before reaching Western Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Taking these multifaceted routes as inspiration, the ‘Youth Eyes on the Silk Roads Photo Contest’ uses photography to extend these links into the modern day and, through visualising the legacy of commercial and cultural interactions along them, to foster mutual understanding and promote peace amongst the diverse societies of these regions. The 3rd edition of the Youth Eyes on the Silk Roads coincided with a period of profound global challenges resulting from the impacts of Covid-19. During this time, with the temporary closure of many schools and cultural institutions, young people all over the world faced many barriers to education access and to their engagement with culture, as well as to one another. In light of this, for the 3rd edition of the contest photographers were tasked with exploring the themes of ‘Textiles and Clothing’ and ‘Intercultural Exchanges in the time of Covid-19, Including in the Field of Textiles and Clothing’. Globally, responses to Covid-19 affected many industries important to the Silk Roads, such as textiles and clothing, and curtailed our ability to exchange and interact with one another. This year’s themes invited participants you use their cameras to capture these changes and challenges. Despite these impacts, textiles and clothing remain an important mode of creativity and human expression which link the interactions of the past with our present and future. The resulting photo album gathers together 75 of the very best photos from the two age categories (14-17-year-olds and 18-25-year-olds) which encapsulate the spirit of the contest and highlight the diversity of young people’s perceptions of the Silk Roads’ shared heritage. Through this collection of images, one can discover the rich and diverse legacy of textiles and clothing along the Silk Roads. The contest seeks to reflect the impact of Covid-19 on interaction and exchange, with a view to building our post-pandemic future. UNESCO Catno: 0000380933 https://doi.org/10.54678/DSUE7368 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380933
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Vaid, Divya. Uneven Odds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199480142.001.0001.
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Focussing on patterns of intergenerational stability, this book traces the unequal structures of opportunity in India. The author addresses questions and approaches towards social mobility (or the lack thereof) through interactions between social class, caste, and gender while adopting a rural–urban perspective, capturing changes over time, and the implications of social mobility on a national scale. This book plugs in crucial gaps in the research on social mobility, which has been marked by the lack of precision regarding the extent of mobility in contemporary India. Using a broad lens of both caste and class, this up-to-date statistical analysis, which uses national-level datasets and advanced quantitative methods, enriches the sociological as well as the anthropological literature, while also locating India within the larger context of social mobility research in the industrialized and industrializing world.
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Moreira, Fabiano de Araujo, Michele Dalla Fontana, Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros, and Gabriela Marques Di Giulio, eds. The Water-energy-food nexus: what the Brazilian research has to say. Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/9786588304075.
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The Food-Water-Energy (FWE) nexus represents, above all, a perspective, a way of looking at the world, the problems, the solutions, providing a view of the three main resource systems of food, water and energy, not in isolation, but as a system, with many and diverse cross-links between the subsystems. So, analytically speaking, it is a unifying concept, an antidote to the relentless pressures towards reductionism. Human society and its interactions with the natural environment form a dynamic socio-ecological system of such impressive complexity that reductionist approaches seem inevitable to make research and management on the subject viable. This development is not just an illusion - this book already presents some real examples of inter and transdisciplinary approaches, with the FWE nexus as a shared lens to better observe where problems occur and where sustainable solutions can be found.
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Clarke, Katherine. Geographical Morality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820437.003.0005.
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Here, the depth imbued in Herodotus’ landscape is enhanced by the element of human intervention, which lends a moral aspect. Characters in the narrative, particularly the holders of despotic power engaging in monumental projects, are seen to manipulate the natural world in ways that can be viewed positively or negatively. This chapter explores this apparent contradiction in terms of context, contrast, and varied focalizations, which combine to encourage the reader to see similar actions in different lights. Close attention is paid to the ‘voice’ in which judgements are cast, resulting in a subtle interpretative framework. The division between water and land is explored as particularly fertile ground for exploring human interaction with the landscape in Herodotus’ narrative. The crossing of continental divisions introduces the relationship between individual projects and wider imperial aims, and the sequence of transgressive river crossings is explored as precursor to Persia’s campaigns against Greece.
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Idler, Annette. Borderland Battles. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190849146.001.0001.
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Borderlands are like a magnifying glass on some of the world’s most entrenched security challenges. In unstable regions, border areas attract violent non-state groups, ranging from rebels and paramilitaries to criminal organizations, who exploit central government neglect. These groups compete for territorial control, cooperate in illicit cross-border activities, and provide a substitute for the governance functions usually associated with the state. Drawing on extensive fieldwork with more than six hundred interviews in and on the shared borderlands of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela—where conflict is rife and crime thriving—this book provides exclusive firsthand insights into these war-torn spaces. It reveals how dynamic interactions among violent non-state groups produce a complex security landscape with ramifications for order and governance both locally and beyond. These interactions create not only physical violence but also less visible forms of insecurity. When groups fight each other, community members are exposed to violence but can follow the rules imposed by the opposing actors. Unstable short-term arrangements among violent non-state groups fuel mistrust and uncertainty among communities, eroding their social fabric. Where violent non-state groups engage in relatively stable long-term arrangements, “shadow citizenship” arises: a mutually reinforcing relationship between violent non-state groups that provide public goods and services, and communities that consent to their illicit authority. Contrary to state-centric views that consider borderlands uniformly violent spaces, the transnational borderland lens adopted in the book demonstrates how the geography and political economy of these borderlands intensify these multifaceted security impacts.
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Hurtado, Jimena. Citizens, Markets and Social Order: An Aristotelian Reading of Smith and Rousseau on Justice. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422857.003.0011.
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Justice is the corner stone of society; but not any justice. Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau differ on the type of justice needed to guarantee a well-ordered and prosperous society. There are different types of justice that regulate different kinds and levels of social interactions. Some involve our direct relationships with our fellow-beings others our relationship with the law as the expression of our will as citizens. This chapter uses Aristotle’s understanding of justice in the city to assess the differences in the types of justice Smith and Rousseau consider fundamental for society. Through this lens it is possible to understand the difference between commutative justice, which Smith rendered the building block of society, and universal justice, which Rousseau considered the backbone of the society of the general will. This difference furthers our understanding of the coincidences and differences in their appraisal of commercial society.
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Glatz, Claudia. The Hittite State and Empire from Archaeological Evidence. Edited by Gregory McMahon and Sharon Steadman. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0040.
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This article shows how the material culture can sometimes be an even clearer lens through which scholars may view the Hittite imperial organization and modes of engagement. The evidence for the selective adoption of north-central Anatolian ceramic traditions in neighboring regions, changes and continuity in local settlement systems, the direction and intensity of Hittite administrative efforts, and the dialogue of territorial hegemony carried out via landscape monuments suggest that empire, rather than a monolithic entity, is best conceptualized as a complex web of interactions. Imperial–local relationships were less clear cut and in favor of all-encompassing central control than one might infer from the Hittite documents. Instead, we gain the impression of an ongoing process or negotiation of empire that is carried out on a range of different cultural, political, and social levels, and which is neither complete nor uncontested in its closest periphery and throughout its existence.
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Martins, Jo M., Indra Pathmanathan, David T. Tan, Shiang Cheng Lim, and Pascale Allotey, eds. Systems Thinking Analyses for Health Policy and Systems Development. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108954846.
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Health systems are fluid and their components are interdependent in complex ways. Policymakers, academics and students continually endeavour to understand how to manage health systems to improve the health of populations. However, previous scholarship has often failed to engage with the intersections and interactions of health with a multitude of other systems and determinants. This book ambitiously takes on the challenge of presenting health systems as a coherent whole, by applying a systems-thinking lens. It focuses on Malaysia as a case study to demonstrate the evolution of a health system from a low-income developing status to one of the most resilient health systems today. A rich collaboration of multidisciplinary academics working with policymakers who were at the coalface of decision-making and practitioners with decades of experience, provides a candid analysis of what worked and what did not. The result is an engaging, informative and thought-provoking intervention in the debate. This title is Open Access.
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Bailey, Anna L. Politics under the Influence. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501724374.001.0001.
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In 2009, the Russian government launched a much-publicized new initiative to tackle excessive alcohol consumption. This has subsequently been presented in simplistic terms as a top–down implementation of policy, imposed in the national interest to preserve the nation’s health in face of the ravages inflicted by widespread alcohol abuse. The book challenges this widely accepted narrative, by showing how policy more commonly results from the competitive interactions of stakeholders with vested interests – with the state itself divided. Rather than a benevolent public health agenda, the interests in vodka production of some of Putin’s closest cronies provides a hidden explanatory factor behind increasingly harsh regulation of beer in Russia. The book uses the lens of alcohol policy to examine the complex kleptocracy in the Russian political economy, and to show how informal power networks can undermine formal state priorities. The analysis reveals the many ambivalences, informal practices and paradoxes that abound in contemporary Russian politics.
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Bhatia, Sunil. Stories and Theories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199964727.003.0004.
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Narrative inquiry is particularly suited to capture how individuals make meaning of their identities as they engage with mutually shifting global–local cultural interactions. This chapter lays out the conceptual framework that examines how globalization shapes the narrative imagination and how it provides insights into understanding the psychology of globalization in urban India. It argues that individuals use narrative and stories as language-based equipment to express their subject positions and give meaning to the uniqueness and singularity of their experiences. Being interpellated by power structures or created through systems of cultural power does not mean there is no room for individual story-making or agency. The urban Indian youth make and remake their identities as they narrate stories of their lives through the lens of their social class; rootedness in history of colonization and postcolonial culture; exposure to discourses of globalization; and embeddedness in social practices of education, employment, and traditions.
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Kozak, Mariusz. Enacting Musical Time. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080204.001.0001.
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What is musical time? Where is it manifested? How does it show up in our experience, and how do we capture it in our analyses? Enacting Musical Time offers several answers to these questions by considering musical time as the form of the listener’s interaction with music. Building on evidence from music theory, phenomenology, cognitive science, and social anthropology, the book develops a philosophical and critical argument that musical time is created by the moving bodies of participants engaged in musical activities. The central thesis is that musical time describes the form of a specific kind of interaction between musical sounds and a situated, embodied listener. This musical time emerges when the listener enacts his or her implicit kinesthetic knowledge about “how music goes”—knowledge expressed in the entire spectrum of behavior, from deliberate inactivity, through the simple action of tapping one’s foot in synchrony with the beat, to dancing in a way that engages the whole body. This idea is explored in the context of recent Western classical art music, where composers create temporal experiences that might feel unfamiliar or idiosyncratic, that blur the line between spectatorship and participation, and even challenge conventional notions of musical form. Basing the discussion on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, and on the ecological psychology of J. J. Gibson, the volume examines different aspects of musical structure through the lens of embodied cognition and what phenomenologists call “lived time,” or time as it shows up in human lives.
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Hoadley, Ursula, Brian Levy, Lawule Shumane, and Shelly Wilburn. Case Studies of School-Level Governance Dynamics in the Western Cape. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0008.
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This chapter details four case studies of school-level management practices in the appointment process of school principals. The school-level processes are used as a lens through which to refract local governance dynamics, and thereby gain insight into the broader multi-stakeholder contexts within which the principal is embedded. The contrasts between the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces provide an ideal opportunity to explore a central theme of this book, namely how ‘good fit’ works—how preferred approaches to policy design and implementation might vary according to the contexts in which they are being undertaken. The chapter suggests that rather than viewing the interaction between hierarchical and horizontal governance as zero-sum, the task for practitioners is to find ways to make more effective the ‘both/and’ balance, with an emphasis on impersonal forms of decision-making.
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Christensen, Joel P. The Many-Minded Man. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752346.001.0001.
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This book explores the content, character, and structure of the Homeric Odyssey through a modern psychological lens, focusing on how the epic both represents the workings of the human mind and provides for its audiences — both ancient and modern — a therapeutic model for coping with the exigencies of chance and fate. By reading the Odyssey as an exploration of the constitutive elements of human identity, the function of narrative in defining the self, and the interaction between the individual and their social context, the book addresses enduring questions about the poem, such as the importance of Telemachus's role, why Odysseus must tell his own tale, and the epic's sudden and unexpected closure. Through these dynamics, the book reasons, the Odyssey not only instructs readers about how narrative shapes a sense of agency but also offers solutions for avoiding dangerous stories and destructive patterns of thought.
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Nordstrom, Justin, ed. The Provisions of War. Arkansas University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781682261965.
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The Provisions of War examines how soldiers, civilians, communities, and institutions have used food and its absence as both a destructive weapon and a unifying force in establishing governmental control and cultural cohesion during times of conflict. Historians as well as scholars of literature, regional studies, and religious studies problematize traditional geographic boundaries and periodization in this essay collection, analyzing various conflicts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries through a foodways lens to reveal new insights about the parameters of armed interactions. The subjects covered are as varied and inclusive as the perspectives offered—ranging from topics like military logistics and animal disease in colonial Africa, Indian vegetarian identity, and food in the counterinsurgency of the Malayan Emergency, to investigations of hunger in Egypt after World War I and American soldiers' role in the making of US—Mexico borderlands. Taken together, the essays here demonstrate the role of food in shaping prewar political debates and postwar realities, revealing how dietary adjustments brought on by military campaigns reshape national and individual foodways and identities long after the cessation of hostilities
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Giudice, Christian. Occult Imperium. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610244.001.0001.
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This book examines the life and works of Italian mathematician and occultist Arturo Reghini (1878–1946): through a careful analysis of his writings, a theory arguing the existence of a conservative, anti-modern form of occultism is put forth. Such a theory represents an attempt to counterbalance the many ideas of occultism as exclusively progressive in nature put forth by previous scholars, namely Alex Owen, Marco Pasi, and Corinna Treitel. The work analyzes the intersection between modernity, occultism, and Traditionalism in a key period of Italian history, which includes World War I, the twenty years of Fascist rule, and World War II. Occultism and Traditionalism are also analyzed through the lens of their interaction with reactionary, extreme right-wing politics, with the avant-garde movements of the day, such as Futurism, and through a careful scrutiny of Reghini’s correspondence, some hitherto unpublished, with other giants of occultism of the day, such as René Guénon (1886–1951) and Amedeo Armentano (1886–1966).
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Dunphy, Kim. Theorizing Arts Participation as a Social Change Mechanism. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.16.
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This chapter analyses theories about how social change can be effected through participation in the arts. A theory of change lens applied to the literature results in identification of three broad types of change processes: social/civic action, in which the major change strategy is influencing of public opinion and decision-making through arts activities; the community cultural development approach in which change occurs at a community level, as a result of creative social interaction between arts participants; and finally, the therapeutic paradigm, in which change is elicited in individuals through the healing process of arts used therapeutically. These approaches are examined in relation to broader theories of participation, and Vygotsky’s social development theory, resulting in a meta-theory about factors that lead to change through arts participation: the contribution of a skilled leader, the utilization and stimulation of creativity, and a collaborative process. Case studies of community music initiatives illustrate the theory.
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Lifshitz, Michael, Eli Sheiner, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. Cultural Neurophenomenology of Psychedelic Thought. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.4.
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This chapter explores psychedelics as catalysts of spontaneous thought. Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca can induce potent alterations in cognition and perception. The chapter reviews research on these substances through the lens of cultural neurophenomenology, which aims to trace how neurobiology and sociocultural factors interact to shape experience. After a decades-long hiatus, the scientific study of psychedelics is rediscovering the potential of these substances to promote creative insight, evoke mystical experiences, and improve clinical outcomes. Moreover, neuroimaging experiments have begun to unravel the influence of psychedelics on large-scale connectivity networks of the human brain. Tapping perspectives from the social sciences, the chapter underscores how culture and context constrain the flexible cognitive states brought about by psychedelics. This integrative approach suggests that seemingly spontaneous psychedelic thought patterns reflect a complex interaction of biological, cognitive, and cultural factors—from pharmacology and brain function to ritual, belief, and expectation.
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Korver-Glenn, Elizabeth. Race Brokers. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190063863.001.0001.
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This book examines how housing market professionals—including housing developers, real estate agents, mortgage lenders, and appraisers—construct twenty-first-century urban housing markets in ways that contribute to or undermine racial segregation. Drawing on extensive ethnographic and interview data collected in Houston, Texas, the book shows that housing market professionals play a key role in connecting people—or refusing to connect people—to housing resources and opportunities. They make these brokering decisions through reference to racist or equitable, people-affirming ideas. Typically, White housing market professionals draw from racist ideas that rank order people and neighborhoods according to their perceived economic and cultural housing market value, entwining racism with their housing market activities and interactions. Racialized housing market routines encourage this entwinement by naturalizing racism as a professional tool. The book tracks how professionals broker racism across the housing exchange process—from the home’s construction to real estate brokerage, mortgage lending, and home appraisals. In doing so, it shows that professionals make housing exchange a racialized process that contributes to neighborhood inequality and racial segregation. However, in contrast to the racialized status quo, a small number of housing market professionals—almost all of color—draw on equitable, people-affirming ideas and strategies to extend equal opportunities to individuals and neighborhoods, denaturalizing housing market racism. The book highlights the imperative to interrupt the racism that pervades White housing market professionals’ work, dismantle the racialized routines that underwrite such racism, and cultivate a fair housing market.
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Loomis, Joshua S. Epidemics. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400647079.
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This book comprehensively reviews the 10 most influential epidemics in history, going beyond morbid accounts of symptoms and statistics to tell the often forgotten stories of what made these epidemics so calamitous. Unlike other books on epidemics, which either focus on the science behind how microbes cause disease or tell first-person accounts of one particular disease, Epidemics: The Impact of Germs and Their Power over Humanity takes a holistic approach to explaining how these diseases have shaped who we are as a society. Each of the worst epidemic diseases is discussed from the perspective of how it has been a causative agent of change with respect to our history, religious traditions, social interactions, and technology. In looking at world history through the lens of epidemic diseases, readers will come to appreciate how much we owe to the oldest and smallest parasites. Adults and students interested in science and history—and especially anyone who appreciates a good story and has a healthy curiosity for the lesser-known facts of life—will find this book of interest. Health-care workers will also benefit greatly from this text, as will college students majoring in biology or a pre-health field.
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Koops, Lisa Huisman. Parenting Musically. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190873622.001.0001.
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Parents use music in family life to accomplish practical tasks, make relational connections, and guide their children’s musical development. Parenting Musically portrays the musicking of eight diverse Cleveland-area families in home, school, and community settings. Family musical interactions are analyzed using the concepts of musical parenting (actions to support a child’s musical development) and parenting musically (using music to accomplish extramusical parenting goals), arguing the importance of recognizing and valuing both modes. An additional construct, practical~relational musicking, lends nuance to the analysis of family musical engagement. Practical musicking refers to musicking for a practical purpose, such as learning a scale or passing the time in a car; relational musicking is musicking that deepens relationships with self, siblings, parents, or community members, such as a grandmother singing to her grandchildren via FaceTime as a way to feel connected. Families who embraced both practical and relational musicking expressed satisfaction in long-term musical involvement. Weaving together themes of conscious and intuitive parenting, the rewards and struggles of musical practice, the role of mutuality in community musicking, and parents’ responses to media messages surrounding music and parenting, the discussion incorporates research in music education, psychology, family studies, and sociology. This book serves to highlight the multifaceted nature of families’ engagement in music; the author urges music education practitioners and administrators to consider this diversity of engagement when approaching curricular decisions.
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Sica, Emanuele. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039850.003.0001.
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This book examines the Italian army’s occupation of the French Riviera during the period 1940–1943 at three different levels, each involving a triangular relationship. At a more general level, it analyzes the military occupation with the lens of historical sociology, making references to the triangular comparison of the Italian occupation of France to the German occupation of France and to the Italian occupation of the Balkans. It also considers “the structural effects of occupation on the occupied society’s environment and living conditions,” with particular emphasis on the triangular and rocky relationship between the representatives of the French state, especially the prefects and mayors, and the Italian military authorities, the officers of Italian units deployed on French soil, and Italian civilian authorities who were officially dispatched by Rome to supervise the implementation of the Franco-Italian armistice and to secretly prepare for the annexation of the occupied territories. Finally, at a grassroots level, the book explores the “face-to-face interaction between occupiers and occupied people” and how it was shaped by both groups’ habits, culture, prejudices, and tensions.
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Guthrie, Graeme. The Firm Divided. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190641184.001.0001.
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This book investigates the conflict between the managers and shareholders of large corporations. Shareholders want managers to act in ways that make their shares as valuable as possible, but managers ultimately want to maximize their own wellbeing. The outcome of manager-shareholder conflict is largely determined by a firm’s board of directors, which engages in a sequence of bargaining games with the firm’s managers. The book presents a conceptual framework for understanding board-manager interactions that is underpinned by decades of academic research into corporate governance. It shows how boards monitor managers, and the problems they face when doing so. It shows how boards provide incentives for managers to work in shareholders’ best interests, using a combination of ownership stakes and performance-based pay. And it also shows how boards delegate monitoring to outside parties, including by determining the effectiveness of the market for corporate control. In every case, tools that can benefit shareholders when used by strong boards can actually harm shareholders when used by weak boards. The book shows all of this by blending the stories of particular firms and individuals with the insights of academic research, helping the non-specialist reader understand how the seemingly disparate events it describes can be understood through the lens of manager-shareholder conflict.
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Honke, Jana, Eric Cezne, and Yifan Yang, eds. Africa's Global Infrastructures. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197775363.001.0001.
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Abstract The boom in South–South relations since the early 2000s has seen a flurry of investment in Africa from emerging markets across the Global South. While the extent to which these projects spur growth is debated, few studies have addressed their impact on both ground-level political and socio-economic practices in Africa, and transnational governance practices more broadly. Through the lens of infrastructure, this book investigates the ideas, techniques, and practices that have travelled to, and emerge from Africa because of Global South-led projects. How have they been adapted, transformed and contested by local actors? How do they shape the governance of business–society relations? And how do practices emerging from these South-South relations transform Western-dominated transnational governance? The book zooms in on the sites of large-scale Chinese-, Brazilian- and Indian-funded projects—dams, ports, roads and mines—across several African countries. These “frontier zones” bring together politicians and practitioners, campaign groups and communities from Africa and elsewhere, and offer unique insight into the multiple global practices at work in our contemporary world. Taking a bottom-up approach, Africa’s Global Infrastructures shows the significance and implications of these increasingly pluralistic socio-economic interactions, for the continent and beyond.
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Quadri, Junaid. Transformations of Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190077044.001.0001.
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This book is a study of the Muslim world’s entanglement with colonial modernity. More specifically, it is an historical examination of the development of the long-standing, indigenous tradition of learning and praxis known as Islamic law (shariʿa, fiqh) as a result of its imbalanced interaction with new European modes of knowing during, and in the immediate aftermath of, the colonial experience. Drawing upon the writings of jurist-scholars from the Ḥanafī school of law writing in Cairo, Kazan, Lucknow, Baghdad, and Istanbul, Transformations of Tradition reveals several central shifts in Islamic legal writing that throw into doubt the possibility of reading its later trajectory through the lens of a continuous “tradition.” By focusing especially on the work of Muḥammad Bakhīt al-Muṭīʿī, Mufti of Egypt for a time and a leading scholar at the Azhar, Transformations of Tradition shows that the colonial moment of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries marked a significant rupture in how Muslim jurists understood history and authority, science and technology, and religion and the secular, thereby upending the very ground upon which Islamic law had until then functioned.
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Ausloos, Jef. The Right to Erasure in EU Data Protection Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847977.001.0001.
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This book critically investigates the role of data subject rights in countering information and power asymmetries online. It aims at dissecting ‘data subject empowerment’ in the information society through the lens of the right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’) in Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In doing so, it provides an extensive analysis of the interaction between the GDPR and the fundamental right to data protection in Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (Charter), how data subject rights affect fair balancing of fundamental rights, and what the practical challenges are to effective data subject rights. The book starts with exploring the data-driven asymmetries that characterize individuals’ relationship with tech giants. These commercial entities increasingly anticipate and govern how people interact with each other and the world around them, affecting core values such as individual autonomy, dignity, and freedom. The book explores how data protection law, and data subject rights in particular, enable resisting, breaking down or at the very least critically engaging with these asymmetric relationships. It concludes that despite substantial legal and practical hurdles, the GDPR’s right to erasure does play a meaningful role in furthering the fundamental right to data protection (Art 8 Charter) in the face of power asymmetries online.
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Nobile, Drew. Form as Harmony in Rock Music. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948351.001.0001.
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This book offers a theory of form aimed at rock and pop songs of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The core claim is that rock form derives from the interaction between thematic design and harmonic structure. Many aspects of a rock song—lyrical structure, instrumental texture, melodic design, etc.—ultimately trace back to the relationship between harmonic trajectory and formal layout. The book begins with a theory of rock harmony rooted in an adaptation of Schenkerian analysis and proceeds to demonstrate that rock music is based on a small set of formal-harmonic patterns used consistently across genres and decades. It is these formal-harmonic patterns—not generic successions of sections—that define rock’s individual forms. These forms provide a backdrop framing interpretations of specific songs, a lens through which we may comprehend their particular lyrical narratives, timbral signifiers, and broad expressive content. Though broadly theoretical in scope, this book is deeply analytical, demonstrating the value and utility of close reading of rock songs. Ultimately, the book defends a structural approach to rock analysis, arguing not only that such an approach is an important and valuable mode of engagement for rock but also that rock’s structural aspects deeply affect the way we perceive and interact with the repertoire.
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Lauve-Moon, Katie. Preacher Woman. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197527542.001.0001.
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When people are committed to gender equality, what gets in their way of achieving it? Why do well-intentioned people reinforce sexist outcomes? Why does dissonance persist between organizational actors’ good intentions of equality and sexist outcomes? This book provides answers to these questions by applying the critical lens of gendered organizations to moderate-liberal congregations that separated from their mainline denomination in support of women’s equal leadership yet remain predominately male in positions of authority. This critical methodological study investigates congregations affiliated with the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship (CBF) with some dually aligned with The Alliance of Baptists. Although the CBF identifies the equal leadership of women as a core component of its collective identity and women are enrolling in Baptist seminaries at almost equal rates as men, only about 5% of CBF congregations employ women as solo senior pastors. This book provides an organizational analysis investigating gendered congregational processes on the individual, interactional, and organizational levels, including themes such as gendered hiring criteria, a perceived incongruence of women’s bodies and leadership, unconscious biases of organizational actors, and how women pastors’ experiences of discrimination influence their riskier approaches to leadership.