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Academic literature on the topic 'Interactions hôte-agent pathogène'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interactions hôte-agent pathogène"
Khau, Sandra, and Cassandra Lopatynski. "Les génomes viraux défectueux du virus Chikungunya: Vers une nouvelle approche d’antiviraux à large spectre ?" médecine/sciences 38, no. 11 (November 2022): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022141.
Full textSoulie, Marie-Christine, Brigitte Vian, and Thérèse Guillot-Salomon. "Interactions hôte–parasite lors de l'infection par Cercosporella herpotrichoides, agent du piétin-verse : morphologie du parasite et ultrastructure des parois d'hôtes sensibles et résistants." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-110.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interactions hôte-agent pathogène"
Cellier, Mathieu. "Elaboration de modèles expérimentaux pour l'étude des stress cellulaires dans les interactions hôte - agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20205.
Full textAyach, Maya. "Interaction hôte-pathogène : mécanisme d’inhibition de la synthèse protéique humaine par la protéine circumsporozoïte de Plasmodium falciparum, agent du paludisme." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6100.
Full textDuring my PhD, I was concerned by the study of the host-parasite interaction and its consequences on protein synthesis in human and Plasmodium falciparum (parasite responsible of the malaria) respectively. I have developed two major aspects : (i) The study of the aminoacylation reaction of transfer RNA and thus by comparison of human and parasite systems and (ii) the understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis in human by the Circumsporozoite protein of the parasite, a transmembrane protein which is secreted during the parasite infection of host hepatocytes. The plasmodial cytosolic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a classical synthetase concerning its structural organization. It possesses two functional domains, catalytic domain and tRNA binding one. The kinetic characteristics of the aminocylation reaction (Km, Kcat and plateau) were determined. I have clearly shown that plasmodial TyrRS animoacylates both transcripts of plasmodial and human tRNATyr with the same efficiency. On the other hand, only a small fraction of modified human tRNATyr was aminoacylated by the parasite enzyme. These results indicate that crossaminoacylation reactions between the parasite and human are possible, but their efficiency varies from one system to another. Concerning the apicoplastic TyrRS, this enzyme, at the opposite of the cytosolic one, it presents two insertions. These insertions are characteristic of some parasite proteins and are called LCR (Low Complexity Region). The presence of such sequences in the apicoplastic TyrRS but also in other parasite proteins makes their expression in heterologous systems a difficult obstacle in the study of the parasite. During my PhD work, I did participate to the collaboration of a new hypothese concerning the function and the role of these insertions in the production of soluble proteins. These LCRs play a key role in the co-translational folding of the parasite proteins. Finally, the big part of my work concerns the study of consequence of the host-parasite interactions on protein synthesis in human liver cells during the hepatic stage of the infection. During this stage, the parasite is covered by a transmembrane protein called the Circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Previous study in 1997 showed that CSP is secreted by the parasite, and co-localizes with endoplasmique reticulum where it does probably inhibit host translation. I have demonstrated by using rabbit reticulocytes lysate, that CSP inhibits efficiently translation and that by inhibiting the formation of pre-initiation complex 48 S. This inhibition involves a direct interaction between the CSP and the small ribosomal particle 40 S. This work shows for the first time that parasites, like some virus, could affect directly host protein synthesis. My work is part of large project concerning the study of hepatic stage of the infection; in this manuscript I will discuss the role and the consequences of such translation inhibition on the parasite life cycle
Loison, Lea. "Rôle des interactiοns hôte-micrοbiοte dans la physiοlοgie intestinale et dans les Τrοubles du Cοmpοrtement Alimentaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR049.
Full textThe gut microbiota constantly interacts with the host. It communicates directly with neighboring intestinal cells as well as with distant organs, including the brain. As a result, the microbiota regulates numerous biological processes and is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases.We first investigated whether commensal bacteria from the gut microbiota modulate an essential post-translational modification in intestinal physiology, i.e. SUMOylation. It has been demonstrated that gut commensal bacteria can promote SUMOylation through the production of short- and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA/BCFA). In the present study, we demonstrated that the commensal bacterium Staphylococcus warneri secretes a protein, named Warnericin RK, which targets key components of the SUMOylation machinery, leading to a decrease in intestinal cell’s SUMOylation. This decrease in SUMOylation promotes gut inflammation, and more particularly TNF-dependent inflammatory responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the versatility of mechanisms used by non-pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiota to regulate host SUMOylation. Additionally, they show that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota may have an impact on gut inflammation by modulating the equilibrium between bacterial effectors enhancing or suppressing SUMOylation.Secondly, we investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Binge-Eating Disorder. Indeed, the microbiota is involved in the regulation of eating behaviors through communication along the gut-brain axis. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that the microbiota may be a contributing factor to binge-eating disorder. To investigate the potential causal role of the gut microbiota in this disease, we have transplanted fecal microbiota from patients to recipient mice. Our experimental model did not allow us to demonstrate a role for the microbiota in changes in eating behavior, or in the gastrointestinal and anxiety-depressive disorders associated with binge-eating disorder
He, Le. "Interactions hôte-pathogène entre Caenorhabditis elegans et le champignon Drechmeria coniospora." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4080/document.
Full textWe have successfully adapted a PEG-mediated transformation protocol for D. coniospora. Together with the ccdB and Gibson based plasmid construction method, we established a system to genetically manipulate this fungus which serves as an important tool for host-pathogen interaction study. We identified the specific pathogenic lifestyle of D. coniospora based on its genomic sequence. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a list of potential fungal effectors which engage with the host immunity, for instance SapA (G3895). We further constructed a reporter strain for SapA and identified its host target SPP-5, an antimicrobial peptide. Our study focusing particularly on the pathogen provides an insight for the host-pathogen interaction between C. elegans and D. coniospora. Despite the successful generation of 5 D. coniospora transgenic strains. Nevertheless, the remaining problems such as multiple transferring during protoplasts preparation and slow growth of D. coniospora after transformation still need to be resolved. One of the solutions is to substitute the general medium with a medium resembling the host environment.We show that D. coniospora SapA protein interacts with worm immune effector, SPP-5 in vitro indicating its potential role to suppress the host immunity. Due to the fact that SapA is also highly expressed at the late stage of infection, we cannot rule out the other possible functions of this protein. We could employ Mass spectrometry technique to identify other host proteins which interact with SapA in vivo
Burette, Mélanie. "Etude de la réplication intracellulaire et de la persistance de Coxiella burnetii, agent pathogène de la Fièvre Q." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT053.
Full textIntracellular replication and persistence strategies of the Q fever pathogenCoxiella burnetiiCoxiella burnetii is the causative agent of human Q Fever, considered as one of the most relevant re- emerging zoonosis in Europe. C. burnetii infects humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols, causing epidemics with serious economic and health consequences. Following internalisation, C. burnetii subverts host cell functions to inhibit the innate immune response and generate a replicative niche called CCV (Coxiella-containing vacuole) characterised by a unique protein and lipid composition. My thesis project focuses on the study of the host/pathogen interactions underlying the persistence and intracellular replication of C. burnetii.First, the function of the effector protein NopA was discovered showing how this protein inhibits the innate immune response in infected cells. The results obtained during my PhD have shown that NopA interacts with Ran and triggers an imbalance in its nucleocytoplasmic gradient, thereby perturbing the nuclear import of eukaryotic proteins and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In parallel, the role of lipid metabolism in the establishment of the CCV was investigated. By using a wide array of lipid probes and confocal microscopy, the lipid signature of CCVs was determined and revealed that PI(4)P and LBPA are actively subverted by C. burnetii during infection. Lipid pulldown assays then led to the identification of C. burnetii candidate effector proteins interacting with host cell lipids. One of them, CBU0635, is a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase that diverts the secretory pathway to the forming Coxiella- containing vacuole while CBU2007 manipulates lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolism to recruit the ESCRT machinery and block the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. These results help to better understand intracellular replication and persistence strategies of C. burnetii and could allow the development of new antimicrobials and the therapeutic repurposing of C. burnetii proteins
Cesbron, Sophie. "Interaction entre des mutants hrp d'Erwinia amylovora, agent du feu bactérien, le parent pathogène et la plante hôte : recherche de mécanismes modulant la compatibilité." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455109.
Full textDelaunay-Cesbron, Sophie. "Interaction entre des mutants hrp d'Erwinia amylovora, agent du feu bactérien, le parent pathogène et la plante hôte : recherche de mécanismes modulant la compatibilité." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0017.
Full textErwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a disease that affects Maloideae. This gammaproteobacteria requires a type three secretion system (T3SS) for its pathogenicity. Previous work has shown that avirulent hrp mutant strains of E. Amylovora affected in regulatory functions (hrpL and hrpS) protect apple seedlings from developping fire blight symptoms. We investigated molecular mechanisms leading to this protection. In a first part of our work, we studied molecular responses of the protected plant, according to major defense pathways (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene) and in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Results show that none of these pathways is particularly induced by Ea hrpL or Ea hrpS mutants. Then, the hypothesis of a direct effect of mutants on the wild type strain has been denied. We tried to trace differential transcripts and proteins between these bacteria through targeted and global approaches (targeted genes vs cDNA-AFLP). Results show that HrpL and HrpS are able to differentially regulate other genes that hrp genes : HrpL negatively regulates flagellar system, chemotaxis and genes related to GSP, and positively regulates one gene of T1SS and one OMP ; HrpS negatively regulates quorum sensing and positively regulates one gene implicated in the synthesis of ethylene. We were particularly interested in flagellar system of E. Amylovora. An in silico analysis of flagellar genes led to the discovery that E. Amylovora possesses two flagellar systems with distincts flagellins (32 vs 50KDa). The 32KDa flagellin, overexpressed in hrpL mutant, does not display the flg22 peptide classically implicated in elicitation and is not necessary for protection. On the whole, our work does not entirely explain the origin of the plant protection, induced by regulatory hrp mutants, nevertheless it provides new key information on E. Amylovora and on the regulation of several genes during the interaction with the host plant
Barbosa, Cavalcante Maria de Jesus. "Imagerie cellulaire de l'interaction Musa acuminata : mycosphaerella fijiensis." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0031.
Full textBlisnick, Adrien. "Caractérisation de IrSPI, un inhibiteur de sérine protéase impliqué dans la prise du repas sanguin et l’infection bactérienne des tiques Ixodes ricinus." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0005/document.
Full textIxodes ricinus tick species, the most abundant and widespread tick in Europe, is an important vector of pathogens affecting both animal and human health. To replace the use of acaricides that generate environmental contamination and resistances, new environmentally sustainable approaches providing broad protection against ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are urgently needed. Such development requires improved understanding of the biology of ticks and more particularly of their interactions with vertebrate hosts and TBP. Tick saliva is an essential biofluid for ticks, as its proteolytic, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities allow ticks to acquire their blood meal under optimal conditions. Moreover, injection of saliva during blood feeding represents the principal route by which TBP are transmitted to the host. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TBP transmission, as well as to identify putative vaccine candidates against I. ricinus, salivary glands from bacteria infected and uninfected ticks were previously compared by high throughput transcriptomics. The most up-regulated transcript following infection was IrSPI, which belongs to the Kunitz/BPTI inhibitor family. Functional analyses via RNAi knockdown experiments revealed that IrSPI enhances both blood feeding and bacterial burden in the salivary glands. This present PhD work concerns then the structural, biochemical and functional characterization of IrSPI as a molecule involved in tick-host-pathogen interactions. Our aim was first to define the structure of IrSPI gene but, unfortunately, while our results have led to progress on this issue, we have not been able to get the full sequence. Then, the dynamic of IrSPI expression was evaluated during both tick feeding and colonization of ticks by pathogens, showing that its expression is induced by blood feeding and TBP but not by Escherichia coli that is not transmitted by I. ricinus. In addition, our results shown the expression of IrSPI in several tick organs, suggesting its implication in several functions in tick physiology. Among them, the discovery of the injection of IrSPI, through the saliva, to the vertebrate host allowed us to consider a role in host responses to tick bite. Evaluation of IrSPI effect on host showed no impact on coagulation through extrinsic pathway, as determined by analysis of thrombin generation time and by fibrinolysis, or in angiogenesis. However, it inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes and increased unstimulated-B cell proliferation. In addition, IrSPI also modulated cytokine production from macrophages and splenocytes, repressing significantly most of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, we demonstrated that IrSPI plays a role in modulating the host immune response during blood feeding. Finally, preliminary results in the identification of the protein’s interactants open many research perspectives for understanding how IrSPI acts in tick physiology and counteracts host responses to tick injury and pathogen transmission