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Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction mer-atmosphère – Atlantique (océan ; centre-est)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction mer-atmosphère – Atlantique (océan ; centre-est)"
Paillet, Jérôme. "Eau modale et ventilation océanique en Atlantique nord-est." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2004.
Full textThiam, Mamadou. "Couplage océan-atmosphère en Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est et impact sur les précipitations au Sénégal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS073.pdf.
Full textThe study of ocean-atmosphere coupling in the North-East Tropical Atlantic (NETA) region has long been overlooked, as climate variability in this area and adjacent regions, particularly precipitation in the Sahel, is primarily controlled by large-scale atmospheric circulation. However, the presented research demonstrates that this coupling is significant and explores the influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean to Senegal and precipitation.The first step involved identifying the main mode characterizing precipitation variability from July to September in Senegal over a 40-year period (1979-2018). Using monthly data for July, August, and September, the derived index from CRU observation data represents two-thirds of the total variance, shared between intraseasonal (summer monthly data) and interannual components. This Senegalese mode was compared to a similar mode obtained for precipitation across the entire Sahel, showing significant correlation (R=0.7) and sharing over 50% of their intermonthly/interannual variance. However, linear regressions on SST anomalies reveal that this Senegalese mode is less influenced by atmospheric teleconnections such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific, the North Atlantic, or the Mediterranean, unlike the Sahel. Instead, it appears to be strongly linked to SST in the NETA.In the second part of the thesis, ERA5 reanalysis data were employed to examine SST, wind, pressure, and humidity transport signals in the NETA preceding an increase in precipitation in Senegal. The results suggest the existence of an interesting regional feedback mechanism: one to two months before increased precipitation, a large-scale atmospheric circulation fluctuation leads to a slowdown of the northeast trade winds, resulting in the formation of an SST warm anomaly in the NETA. In July-August-September (JAS), the rise in precipitation in Senegal also coincides with an increase in low-level moisture transport from the Atlantic, linked to an intensification of the West African Westerly Jet (WAWJ) slightly north of its average position (10°N). This corresponds to a geostrophic response to fluctuations in the meridional pressure gradient. As these fluctuations could arise from hydrostatic adjustment to meridional gradients south of the SST anomaly, Senegal's precipitation variability could be significantly influenced by NETA SST through this mechanism.In the final part, a finer-scale examination of a possible feedback between SST and surface wind in NETA was conducted. Despite less pronounced SST variability in this region, a consistent pattern is identified: an SST warm anomaly results from pressure fluctuations in the North Atlantic, coinciding with the passage of a high-pressure system within the wave train crossing the southern West African Westerly Jet (WAWJ). This warm anomaly subsequently leads to a local pressure decrease, with its southern half explaining the increase in wind in the WAWJ region. Thus, a negative feedback between SST and surface wind extends over one to two weeks, likely explaining the previously identified signals at the monthly scale.This mechanism potentially influences intraseasonal to interannual precipitation variability in Senegal. Subsequent steps will involve assessing its significance through forced modeling and verifying its accurate representation in operational forecasting models
Pruvost, Jacques. "Étude des composés organiques halogènes volatils en milieu marin : origines biologiques et anthropiques, échanges avec l'atmosphère - utilisation comme traceurs transitoires de la circulation dans l'atlantique nord-est." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2004.
Full textOlivier, Léa. "Rôle de la mésoéchelle dans l'océan Atlantique tropical sur la salinité et les flux air-mer de CO2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS149.
Full textThe tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO) controls exchanges from one hemisphere to the other and is a place of strong interactions with the atmosphere. The TAO is home to five of the world's largest rivers as well as intense rainfall in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). This induces large spatial variability of salinity and of air-sea CO2 flux. While the global ocean is a strong CO2 sink, the TAO is a strong source of CO2 to the atmosphere due to the deep waters rich in inorganic carbon upwelled to the surface at the equator. However, this source is mitigated by the low CO2 concentrations in the Amazon River plume whose freshwater is low in inorganic carbon and favours phytoplankton blooms. It is in this context that propagate the tropical instability waves (TIWs) and the North Brazil current (NBC) rings, the two dominant mesoscale forms in the TAO. The objective of this work is to describe and understand the variability of the surface salinity and CO2 fluxes associated with the mesoscale. In-situ observations collected during cruises and Argo floats are coupled to surface satellite salinity, temperature and chlorophyll-a. In the equatorial Atlantic the salinity gradient between the fresh water from rainfall under the ITCZ and the salty water of the equatorial upwelling is very strong in May-June. The TIWs strongly distort this gradient, and are therefore particularly well observed in surface salinity. The observation of TIWs in salinity provides complementary information to their observation in surface temperature on their seasonal and interannual variability. Furthermore, salinity does not only play the role of a passive tracer, as together with temperature, it determines the seawater surface density. This affects the energy that allows TIWs to develop and propagate. One of the energy sources is the potential energy generated by the deformation of the density gradient. The effect of salinity on this energy is as strong as that of temperature, which means that by adding the contribution of salinity, the potential energy is doubled. TIWs modify and are modified by the salinity in the equatorial Atlantic. On the western edge of the basin, the Amazon plume results in even more salinity variability than in the equatorial Atlantic. The NBC rings, eddies that are 200 km in diameter, are highly contrasted structures. They trap the salty, CO2-rich waters of the NBC, but their rotation stirs water from the Amazon plume. The fresh water of the plume enhances the exchanges of CO2 and heat with the atmosphere. The northwestern TA in February 2020 was found to be a CO2 sink 10 times stronger than expected, and more than 40% of this flux is due to the effect of eddies. Their role is twofold, on the one hand they stir the plume which becomes a strong carbon sink, but also, they do not retain the CO2-rich surface signature of the waters they trap, and instead often stir freshwater filaments. The situation in summer is very different from the one in winter. The NBC changes its orientation by 90° and instead of following the South American coastline, it flows towards Africa. The NBC passes the mouth of the Amazon that is close to its maximum discharge and advects the plume eastwards. However, the NBC rings and the winds change this classical pattern. The formation and propagation of eddies make the plume discontinuous, and the winds favour a northwestward transport of fresh water. Thus, in August -September, whereas part of the plume indeed flows eastwards, another part is advected towards the Lesser Antilles. Particularly strong examples of this were observed in late summer 2021. This work shows the importance of the oceanic mesoscale for understanding key phenomena, such as the propagation of the TIWs and of the Amazon plume and the TAO carbon budget
Brivoal, Théo. "Une modélisation alternative haute résolution du couplage air-mer et de ses effets sur la dynamique océanique dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30211.
Full textSmall - scale ocean - atmosphere interactions have a significant impact on ocean dynamics, but their representation requires coupled ocean - atmosphere models, which are complex and expensive. This thesis supports the idea that it is possible to represent these interactions through a coupling of an ocean model and a stand-alone one-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer model. In this thesis we show that this simplified approach represents a realistic atmospheric boundary layer, as well as dynamical and thermal couplings in the North-East Atlantic. We show that the dynamical coupling at fine scales significantly modifies the ocean kinetic energy down to 1500 meters depth. Finally, the processes responsible for this change are detailed
Renault, Lionel. "Impact des jets côtiers atmosphériques sur l'Upwelling du système de courants de Humboldt." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/465/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of atmospheric Coastal Jets on the upwellings of the Humboldt Currents System. A double approach is used: the first one consists in studying the Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation as well as the Ocean/Atmosphere interactions from the observations, whereas the second aims at modeling these Circulations in a realistic way by means of numerical regional models (ROMS for the ocean modeling and WRF for the atmosphere modeling. The obtained results suggest that there are various Atmospheric Coastal Jets along the Chilean and Peruvian Coasts. For certain ranges of frequencies, they control the upwelling variability of Chile and Peru. A heat flux balance of the Ocean Mixing Layer allows to identify the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer off Central Chile. Moreover, we show that the Peruvian coast is under the influence of the both local atmospheric forcing and remote forcing. At some frequencies, the Kelvin wave trapped to the Peruvian Coasts induce a control of the coastal ocean variability by the Equatorial variability. The atmospheric regional model reproduces with realism the Chilean Coastal Jets whereas it has difficulty in simulating the atmospheric circulation at the level of Peru. The oceanic simulations reproduce the oceanic answer to the Coastal Jets off Central Chile. A heat flux balance of the Mixing Layer allows us to study what are the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer in the model. Finally, we show that the regional models present a sensibility to the spatial resolution of the atmospheric and oceanic models. In particular, close to the coast, the wind characteristics in the atmospheric model depends on the spatial resolution of the model. This sensibility induce that the oceanic answer depends on the forcing field spatial resolution. .
Bel, Madani Ali. "Impact du changement climatique dans le système de courant de Humboldt simulé par un modèle régional océanique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/777/.
Full textWhat do we need to study the influence of climate change simulated by global coupled models of the current generation upon the Peru-Chile upwelling system " is the main question addressed in this PhD thesis. Thanks to a dynamical downscaling approach performed with the ROMS model (Regional Oceanic Modelling System) at an eddy-resolving resolution (1/6°), we aim at understanding the processes that are likely to control possible future changes in the ocean circulation over this region influenced by ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). A study of the physical mechanisms that control ENSO-like variability in PI (pre-industrial) simulations performed with CGCMs (Coupled General Circulation Models) of the WCRP-CMIP3 multi-model ensemble (the so-called " IPCC-AR4 models ") allows identifying the most reliable models in terms of equatorial variability. It makes use of an intermediate coupled model of the tropical Pacific with prescribed mean stratification and wind forcing in order to derive explicitly the tendency terms of the mixed layer heat budget. Such analysis allows classifying the models according to the dominant ENSO process: zonal advective feedback or thermocline feedback. Models with a hybrid feedback like in the observations best represent the coupled processes that control SST variability, which makes us assume that they provide the highest confidence levels in terms of prediction of ENSO evolution under global warming. Among them, two CGCMs (IPSL-CM4 and INGV-ECHAM4) best reproduce mean temperature and currents as well as their intraseasonal-to-interannual variabilities at the western boundary of the Peru-Chile domain (100°W) and are therefore retained for downscaling experiments over the HCS (Humboldt Current System) region. CGCM outputs from the PI and 4xCO2 (CO2 quadrupling) simulations for the oceanic part are used directly as open boundary conditions for ROMS, whereas a high-resolution (~50km) CGCM-derived wind product obtained from a statistical downscaling procedure is used together with raw CGCM air-sea fluxes for the atmospheric forcing. .
Paci, Alexandre. "Processus et variabilité méso-échelle de l'océan superficiel dans l'Atlantique nord-est dans le cadre du programme POMME." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321794.
Full textLes processus impliqués dans l'évolution de la température et de la salinité dans la couche de mélange, ainsi que dans le détraînement d'eau entre la couche de mélange et la pycnocline, sont examinés. Un des résultats importants est que le détraînement n'a pas lieu le long d'une hypothétique discontinuité de profondeur de couche de mélange hivernale, mais dans des structures de submésoéchelle. Sa valeur est estimée à un peu moins de 1 Sv en moyenne sur la zone. Afin de prolonger la durée de la simulation, une méthode originale d'assimilation de courant a été implémentée dans le modèle. Elle donne d'excellents résultats et ouvre des perspectives prometteuses pour l'océanographie opérationnelle.
Rouyer-Denimal, Louis. "Compréhension des interactions entre l'hydroclimat du Nord-Est du Brésil et l'Atlantique tropical de l'Ouest au cours des derniers 300 000 ans par une approche multi-traceurs organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS468.
Full textThe Earth is a complex system with many interactions and is also home to countless species. Consequently, extensive research has enhanced our comprehension of the Earth's climate over the past few decades. Nonetheless, numerous areas remain unexplored. The North-East (NE) region of Brazil and the western tropical Atlantic have received limited attention so far. The distinctive hydroclimate of northeastern Brazil and the contribution of the tropical western Atlantic to interhemispheric heat transfer make these regions climatologically important. Lipid biomarkers are among the frequently utilized proxys for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, and they provide valuable insights. Numerous environmental factors, including ocean temperature, vegetation composition, and hydroclimate conditions, can be deduced from the abundance, distribution, and isotopic composition of these compounds. The objective of this thesis project is to reconstruct previous hydroclimatic fluctuations in the extreme northeastern area of Brazil, associated with surface circulation in the western tropical Atlantic. This task will be achieved through the characterisation of organic material obtained from a marine sediment core sampled from the Brazilian margin spanning the last 305, 000 years. The characterization of organic matter (OM) at both total and molecular level was employed to identify the sources of OM and, specifically, the composition of the modern vegetation within the study area. Moreover, the reconstruction of surface and subsurface ocean temperatures respectively from the distribution of long-chain alkenones and isoprenoid glycerol alkyl tetraethers highlighted significant subsurface warmings over the last three deglaciations. The cause of the warming of the tropical western Atlantic during these periods is suggested to be the combined effect of reduced ocean circulation and increased intensity of the Agulhas Leakage. Finally, the study has found a close relationship between hydroclimatic changes and past variations in vegetation cover in northeastern Brazil, as inferred from long-chain n-alkanes properties. This relationship is largely influenced by the upper ocean temperature of the tropical Atlantic and the intensity of South-East trade winds. The present study allowed us to better understand the role of the tropical Atlantic as a heat reservoir during deglaciations and to better constrain the influences controlling past hydroclimatic variations in northeastern Brazil
Astudillo, Orlando. "Rôle des interactions océan-atmosphère-continent sur la dynamique de la couche limite marine dans la région d'upwelling du Chili central." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30360.
Full textEastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are the tropical to mid-latitudes oceanic regions along the west coast of the continents. They host very productive marine ecosystems owing to the mean equatorward low-level atmospheric circulation that uplifts cool subsurface nutrient-enriched waters that trigger marine life along the coast. While the fundamental oceanic processes behind such process are well known (i.e. Ekman transport and pumping), the oceanic modeling of the EBUS has remained problematic owing to difficulties in accounting realistically for phenomena at fine spatial scales in the transition zone between the littoral and the off-shore ocean. In this thesis we have focused on the Peru-Chile Upwelling System (so-called Humboldt system) and on the influence of the cross-shore mesoscale features of the winds near the coast, particularly the shoreward wind drop-off, which determinate the relative importance of the Ekman processes, and thus, the spatial and temporal structure of the upwelling. A combined approach based on satellite data analysis and regional modeling, both oceanic and atmospheric, is used to investigate the sensitivity of the oceanic circulation along the coast of central Chile to the characteristics of the wind drop-off. As a first step, the mean to seasonal near-shore surface atmospheric circulation along the coast of Peru and Chile is documented for the first time based on the altimeter data from four satellite missions (ENVISAT, JASON1, JASON2 and SARAL). The analysis reveals the existence of a marked shoreward reduction in the wind speed all along the coast, although the reduction rate is latitudinally dependent. Despite the relatively weak repetitivity of the satellites, it is shown that the altimetric data are able to sample the seasonal cycle of the wind drop-off at some locations. The estimate of coastal upwelling from these data suggests that Ekman pumping tends on average to dominate with respect to Ekman transport over the Peruvian coast, whereas over the central-Chilean coast, the Ekman transport is the dominant process. In a second step, a regional atmospheric model (WRF) at different horizontal resolutions (36km, 12km and 4km) in a nested configuration zoomed over the central-Chile region was developed in order to produce atmospheric fields with different characteristics of the wind-stress curl (drop-off) along the coast. The atmospheric model solutions are first evaluated against the satellite observations, showing a much larger realism than atmospheric Reanalyses near the coast. In particular, the simulated cyclonic wind curl along the coast related to the wind drop-off exhibit length scales between 8 and 45 km with a significant latitudinal variability, which is in agreement with the altimetric winds. The higher model resolution, the more confined to the coast the wind drop-off, with the latter evidencing a marked seasonality with a maximum intensity in spring-fall and minimum in winter. The relative contribution of the coastal divergence and Ekman pumping exhibits a latitudinal modulation linked to details in the orography and coastlines