Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interaction membranaire'
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Tian, Xudong. "Etude des undécaprényl-pyrophosphate phosphatases dans la biogenèse de l’enveloppe et la physiologie bactérienne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS531.
Full textThe bacterial cell envelope is composed of many polysaccharides such as the peptidoglycan and the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are required for survival and are involved in the interactions that the bacteria establish with their surroundings, including antimicrobial resistance and host immune system recognition. The biosynthesis of these polymers requires the translocation of the sugar sub-units across the plasma membrane, which implies an essential lipid carrier, the undecaprenyl phosphate lipid (C55-P). This lipid is generated by the dephosphorylation of its precursor, C55-PP, itself arising from either de novo synthesis or recycling. The Escherichia coli bacterial species possesses four membrane proteins (BacA, YbjG, PgpB and LpxT) exhibiting a C55-PP phosphatase activity, which all contribute redundantly to C55-P recycling. To highlight the specific physiological role of these enzymes in the cell wall biogenesis, our work was focused on the characterization of the mechanism of action, the function and the regulation of two of these phosphatases, PgpG and LpxT.The PgpB activity was characterized both in vivo and in vitro to decipher its role and ability to participate in two essential metabolic pathways, the C55-P recycling and the phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis. We identified essential residues of PgpB involved in the hydrolysis of both natural substrates, C55-PP and PGP, and some others that function differently in the hydrolysis of these two lipids, allowing us to propose different reaction mechanisms for this enzyme. In addition, calorimetric data showed that substrate binding greatly stabilized the PgpB protein. Hypothetically, the underlying structural change would release energy allowing translocation of the lipid across the membrane. LpxT is responsible for a constitutive modification of the LPS by transferring the phosphate released from C55-PP to lipid A. Under certain environmental stresses, the LpxT activity is specifically inhibited by a small peptide (PmrR), thereby allowing other modifications of the lipid A structure to take place. We showed that the LpxT-dependent modification accounts for bile acids resistance in E. coli and is critically important for E. coli colonization in the host’s gut. LpxT constitutes a key critical control point in E. coli to resist different antimicrobial agents with opposite physical-chemical properties but which all target the LPS. In addition, we demonstrated that PmrR forms a stable complex with LpxT, but unexpectedly, this binding did not inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme in vitro. We propose that PmrR inhibits LpxT activity in vivo by modulating its ability to interact with its protein partners that are involved in LPS biosynthesis. The biogenesis of cell wall polymers is essential for bacterial survival and structural changes in these components participate more or less specifically to the fitness and particular lifestyles of bacteria. The C55-PP phosphatases which participate actively in these processes therefore constitute interesting potential targets for new antibiotics design
Adrien, Vladimir. "Diffusion des lipides et interaction protéine-protéine dans des membranes modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB033.
Full textBiological membranes, which divide the elements of life, are a key factor in biological processes such as signaling, transport, transmission of an nerve impulse, etc. Seen as two-dimensional fluids, the study of their physical properties could help us understand some unsolved biological mechanisms. This work focused on molecule mobility within membranes, and specifically on two essential parameters: membrane viscosity and lateral diffusion. After optimizing the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique on confocal microscopes, we studied the mobility of molecules within two types of in vitro model membranes: the sponge phase made of a non-ionic surfactant (C12E5) and the giant unilamellar lipidic vesicles (GUVs). 1) Sponge phase (or L3) : after having established its phase diagram and shown that membrane proteins stay active in this phase, we measured protein mobility by Fluorescence Recovery After fringe Pattern Photobleaching (FRAPP). This allowed us to obtain the association constants of the proteins of the efflux pump OprM-MexAB involved in the resistance to antibiotics of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These interactions heavily depend on the degree of confinement of each protein. 2) GUVs : after having developed a simple method for the formation of GUVs, in which membrane proteins stay active, we measured the lipid diffusion by FRAP. We showed that, under certain conditions, they can move together, which explains the diversity of results in the literature. By measuring membrane viscosity by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), we also showed that viscosity should not be necessarily deduced from hydrodynamic diffusion models
Sikora, Romain. "Recyclage membranaire : rôle de la protéine MICAL-L1 et de son partenaire PACSINE3." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB179/document.
Full textThe recycling to the plasma membrane of receptors and lipids is tightly regulated and is essential for PM homeostasis, adhesion and cell migration. It requires small GTPase Rab proteins and their effectors. The MICAL-L1 protein, an effector of several Rabs including Rab 8, 11, 13 and 35, has been shown to play an important role in the recycling. Here, we report a novel interaction between MICAL-L1 and the BAR domain containing protein PACSIN3/Syndapin3 that contributes to generate tubular recycling endosomes. MICAL-L1 is required for the localization of PACSIN3 to endosomal membranes. Importantly, disruption of MICAL-L1/PACSIN3 interaction promotes the transferrin receptor (TfR) delivery back to the plasma membrane. The MICAL-L1/PACSIN3 complex accumulates in elongated tubules that contain transferrin carriers. The dynamic of transferrin positive endosomes segregation from MICAL-L1/PACSIN3 tubules suggests that MICAL-L1/PACSIN3 complex controls TfR recycling endosomes delivery to the plasma membrane. Our data provide novel mechanistic insights on the dynamical regulation of the plasma membrane recycling pathway
Catimel, Bruno. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la glycoprotéine membranaire plaquettaire IIIb : interaction avec la thrombospondine." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1H098.
Full textBersch, Beate. "Interaction peptides-membranes : etudes rmn de la conformation membranaire de neuropeptides par noe transfere." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13163.
Full textKhemaissa, Sonia. "Mécanismes d'interaction membranaire et de pénétration cellulaire de peptides vecteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS659.pdf.
Full textCPPs (Cell Penetrating Peptides) are peptides with cell penetration and transport faculties. These peptides, containing less than 30 amino acids, are generally cationic due to the high occurrence of basic residues and sometimes amphipatic. However, this internalization is non-selective, whatever the cell line. There are two main mechanisms for CPPs uptake: endocytosis and translocation. Endocytosis relies on cellular machinery, while translocation involves transient disruption of the lipid bilayer. Whatever the route of entry, the first step in the internalization process is always an interaction with membrane partners on the cell surface, namely lipids and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, the mechanism of CPP internalization is the subject of much debate in the scientific community. The aim of this thesis was to provide keys for a better understanding of the internalization mechanism. The first step was to study the involvement of GAGs in the internalization mechanism. To investigate this point, chimeric peptides containing a GAG recognition sequence and a CPP sequence were designed. Quantification of internalization was carried out in different cell lines with variations in GAG composition and proportion. The contribution of Trp to CPP interactions was also investigated. To do so, the three Trp residues in the RW9 sequence (RRWWRRWRR-NH2) were substituted by other amino acids or by Trp analogues with different physico-chemical properties. Finally, the last part of this thesis focused on the development of new techniques for cytosolic CPPs quantification at physiological temperature, based on the complementation of luminescent proteins
Nion, Stéphane. "Interaction des lipoproteines de haute densite avec des proteines membranaires : implication dans le transport inverse du cholesterol." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2P253.
Full textPerier, Aurélie. "Mécanisme d'insertion membranaire du domaine de translocation de la toxine diphtérique et application à l'immunothérapie anti-tumorale." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0022.
Full textThe diphtheria toxin (DT), secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, is a protein responsible for the major symptoms of diphtheria. The toxin is organized in three specialized domains: a catalytic domain, a translocation domain and a receptor binding domain. During the intoxication of a cell, the diphtheria toxin binds to a cell surface receptor, is internalized and reaches the endosome. The translocation domain (T) from the toxin interacts with the membrane of the endosome in response to the acidic pH found in this compartment. This process drives then the passage of the catalytic domain of the toxin in the cytoplasm. At acidic pH, the T domain undergoes a conformational change and adopts a partially folded state with characteristics of a molten globule state: it preserves native-like helices, looses tight packing of side chains and exposes hydrophobic clusters to the solvent. This state is competent for membrane interaction. We have found that, as the pH decreases, protonation of histidines was required for the formation of this molten globule state and membrane interaction. The interaction of the T domain with the membrane involves at least two steps. Firstly, the binding at the membrane surface involves hydrophobic interactions of the C-terminal region. Secondly, penetration into the membrane correlates with the reorganization of the N-terminal region in the membrane and is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions. This step leads to a functional inserted state. We used the T domain as a protein membrane anchor for soluble proteins. Attaching proteins to the surface of cells may have applications in biotechnology and cell engineering. Modifying cell surface should allow changing cell signalling, cell adhesion, cell recognition or cell stimulation. One application is the design of anti-cancer vaccines by attachment of cytokines. We have fused the Flt3-ligand to the N-terminus of T domain. We show that this method allows us to modify cell growth by direct contacts between cells
Kemayo, Koumkoua Patricia. "Structural characterisation of highly specific membrane protein-lipid interactions involved in cellular function." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF055/document.
Full textCell membranes are complex systems composed of variety of lipids that interacts with proteins to trigger cellular function. The delivery of these lipids to the right compartment is crucial for cells to work efficiently. The coat protein (COP) complex vesicles are involved in lipids traffic in the early stages of the secretory pathway. Recently, a highly specific interaction has been found between the transmembrane domain of p24 protein (p24TMD) abundant in COPI membrane and sphingomyelin C18:0. As such highly specific interaction have been reported for protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions to be involved in regulation of cell functions, we decide to investigate this specific interaction. The p24TMD was obtained chemically and investigated by solid state NMR in presence of sphingomyelin with the ultimately goal to understand the function behind
El, Kirat-Chatel Karim. "Interaction de la phospholipase D avec des systèmes lipidiques biomimétiques : rôle de l'organisation membranaire sur l'activité de cette enzyme." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10191.
Full textNicolas, Virginie. "Interaction du complexe membranaire RH avec le squelette erythrocytaire spectrine-dépendant : caractérisation moléculaire et altération dans des phénotypes variants." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077132.
Full textBornert, Olivier. "Caractérisation moléculaire et structurale de la famille des protéines GASP." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024201.
Full textVamparys, Lydie. "Exploration de la reconnaissance de la courbure membranaire par le motif ALPS." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934412.
Full textSamson, Damien. "Interaction d’Engrailed avec des partenaires biologiques : FoxA2 et membranes lipidiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS592.
Full textHomeoproteins constitute a major class of transcription factors active throughout development and during adulthood. They are all characterized by a conserved 60 residue, three helix domain called homeodomain. In addition to interacting with DNA, the homeodomain of many homeoproteins has been shown to interact with forkhead domain containing proteins. An expression and purification protocol was developed for the protein partner of Engrailed, FoxA2. FoxA2 forkhead domain has been assigned by triple resonance NMR spectroscopy and its conformation and dynamic properties were characterized in solution. Different biophysical techniques were used to investigate the interaction between those two proteins. Unexpectedly, NMR studies together with tryptophan fluorimetry showed no interactions between Engrailed and FoxA2, questioning the existence of a direct interaction between those two protein families. Homeodomain can also translocate across biological membranes by unconventional mechanisms. We have analysed the conformation of Engrailed 2 homeodomain (En2HD) using bicelles as a membrane mimetic environment. NMR studies of En2HD show that a conformational transition is driven by the presence of anionic lipids leading to homeodomain unfolding. Despite the loss of the native three-dimensional structure, near-native helical secondary structures are maintained in anionic membrane environments. Data suggest that electrostatic interactions with membrane may be determinant not only in providing membrane affinity but also in inducing a conformational change in homeodomain structure enabling optimal interactions of basic residues with lipids and membrane anchoring of Trp-48
Martinez, Denis. "Rôles des phosphoinositides dans l'intéraction membranaire de la protéine Rgd1 et la croissance polarisée des levures : étude structurale et interaction par RMN et cristallographie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0369/document.
Full textPhosphoinositides act as regulatory and signalling molecules at the membrane-cytosol interface in signal transduction, membrane traffic and cytoskeleton organization. These lipids recruit several proteins to specific compartments, but also regulate their activity. In the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae, they directly bind the Rgd1-RhoGAP domain, that stimulates the GTPase activity of bothRho3p and Rho4p. The GTPase activity of these two Rho proteins, respectively involved in the polarized growth and cytokinesis of the yeast, is enhanced with the presence of Rgd1p and PIPs. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the PIP-RhoGAP interaction at the molecular level. In order to do that, we coupled X-ray structure determination to solution NMR spectroscopy on the isolated RhoGAP domain. Our results show that the domain contains the conserved elements that would usually confer the catalytic GTPase activation. We us e liquid-state NMR spectroscopy to follow the interaction with PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2, respectively found in secretion vesicles and the plasma membrane. Our study reveals a common binding site for both PIPs in a non-conserved region in the RhoGAP domain family. We measured sub-millimolar binding affinity for PIPs. Such moderate binding affinities are consistent with the biological requirement for reversible complex formation. The selectivity of the interaction could be made in a spatio temporal way, on the secretion vesicles during polarized growth and at the plasma membrane during cytokinesis
Turkcan, Silvan. "Interaction toxine-cellule étudiée par imagerie de nanoémetteurs individuels." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608124.
Full textJamecna, Denisa. "Une région intrinsèquement désordonnée dans OSBP contrôle la géometrie et la dynamique du site de contact membranaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4229.
Full textOxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid transfer protein that regulates cholesterol distribution in cell membranes. OSBP consists of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two coiled-coils, a “two phenylalanines in acidic tract” (FFAT) motif and a C-terminal lipid binding OSBP-Related Domain (ORD). The PH domain recognizes PI(4)P and small G protein Arf1-GTP at the Golgi, whereas the FFAT motif interacts with the ER-resident protein VAP-A. By binding all these determinants simultaneously, OSBP creates membrane contact sites between ER and Golgi, allowing the counter-transport of cholesterol and PI(4)P by the ORD. OSBP also contains an intrinsically disordered ~80 aa long N-terminal sequence, composed mostly of glycine, proline and alanine. We demonstrate that the presence of disordered N-terminus increases the Stoke’s radius of OSBP truncated proteins and limits their density and saturation level on PI(4)P-containing membrane. The N-terminus also prevents the two PH domains of OSBP dimer to symmetrically tether two PI(4)P-containing (Golgi-like) liposomes, whereas protein lacking the disordered sequence promotes symmetrical liposome aggregation. Similarly, we observe a difference in OSBP membrane distribution on tethered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on the presence/absence of N-terminus. Protein with disordered sequence is homogeneously distributed all over the GUV surface, whereas protein without N-terminus tends to accumulate at the interface between two PI(4)P-containing GUVs. This protein accumulation leads to local overcrowding, which is reflected by slow in-plane diffusion. The effect of N-terminus is also manifested in monomeric OSBPderived proteins that tether ER-like and Golgi-like membranes in the presence of VAP-A. Findings from our in vitro experiments are confirmed in living cells, where N-terminus controls the recruitment of OSBP on Golgi membranes, its motility and the on-and-off dynamics during lipid transfer cycles. Most OSBP-related proteins contain low complexity N-terminal sequences, suggesting a general effect
Wolf, Justine. "Biophysical investigations of the LAH4 family peptides : enhancer of gene delivery, from peptide-peptide interactions to peptide-membrane interactions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF037/document.
Full textThe LAH4 family consists of cationic amphiphilic peptides with propensity to fold in α-helical secondary structures. They contain histidines allowing the modulation of their interactions in a pH dependent manner in the physiological range. In membranes, at neutral or acidic pH the peptide assumes a transmembrane or an in planar configuration, respectively.In the field of gene delivery systems, peptides like LAH4 are used. They are able to firstly interact with different cargoes in order to form stable complexes, then interact with the cell membrane, and finally, promote to escape from the endosome.This PhD has been divided into three parts in order to characterize, with biophysical methods, the interactions occurring during the delivery of these gene systems: peptide-peptide interactions with a focus on the study of VF1 fibre formation; peptide-membrane interactions: with the investigation of the effect of LAH4L1 in different membranes; and peptide-DNA interactions, where the interactions of LAH4L1 with a small DNA fragment were measured
Delevoye, Cédric. "Identification de protéines sécrétées par Chlamydia et étude fonctionnelle d'une protéine insérée dans la membrane de la vacuole, à l'interface entre les bactéries et leur hôte." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112017.
Full textChlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens of humans and animals. Depending on the species, they are responsible for ocular and genital infections, and respiratory diseases. After inducing their own entry, the bacteria develop in a membrane-bound compartment, called the inclusion. During the infectious cycle, they translocate a subset of proteins via a type three secretion (TTS) apparatus into the host cytosol. Among these, the Inc proteins remain anchored in the inclusion membrane where they face the host cytosol. My work has focused on bacterial proteins secreted into the host cell. By a global approach, we have identified 24 new proteins secreted by the TTS apparatus of Chlamydia. This work has opened the functional studies of these bacterial proteins that are in contact with the host cell cytosol. More specifically, we have studied the function of an inclusion protein, IncA. We have shown that IncA, from different chlamydial species, share structural and functional homologies with the SNARE family of eukaryotic proteins, which are essential factors for cellular membrane fusion events. We have shown that IncA interact with SNAREs in both a cellular and an in vitro model. Moreover, in liposome fusion assays, IncA inhibit membrane fusion induced by a cognate SNARE complex specific from the late endosomal compartment. We propose that IncA, by mimicking SNAREs proteins, participate in the control of the interactions between the inclusion membrane and intracellular compartments of the host cell
Spira, Afchain Agathe. "Étude des relations structure-fonction du transporteur mitochondrial d’ADP/ATP et de ses interactions avec d’autres protéines membranaires mitochondriales." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10107.
Full textMitochondria are organelles found in every aerobic eukaryotic cell. They are surrounded by two membranes which compartmentalize essential physiological functions. The inner membrane forms a barrier that metabolites cannot cross without specific proteins such as the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. The first part of this work deals with the purification of the bovine carrier complexed with bongkrekic acid. It follows on from previous studies carried out in our laboratory, whose aim was to solve the three-dimensional structure of the carrier locked in the different conformations involved in the nucleotide exchange. This complex appeared to dissociate during purification, so other strategies need to be designed to stabilize the complex before cristallisation trials. The two other parts of this work focus on two mitochondrial proteins which may interact functionally with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrier. A membrane protein named yOm14, located in the mitochondrial external membrane, was characterized and its interaction with the carrier was clearly demonstrated. In addition, the yeast porin yVDAC1, which has previously been described as a carrier partner, was purified by setting up complementary methods detailed in this report. It will now be possible to carry out cristallisation trials, in order to solve the three-dimensional structure of the porin and to determine the molecular basis of its interaction with the ADP/ATP carrier
Freulet-Marrière, Marie-Anne. "La porine majoritaire OprF de Pseudomonas fluorescens : structure, interactions avec le lipopolysaccharide et rôles biologiques en fonction de la température de croissance." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES053.
Full textEssaid, Donia. "Photosensibilisateurs pour la thérapie photodynamique (PDT) des cancers : impact des modifications structurales sur leur interaction avec des membranes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS042/document.
Full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is atreatment modality in which a photosensitizer(PSr) is injected to a patient. Then the tumor isilluminated with a laser. The excited PSrinduces the production of cytoxic singletoxygen. Our collaborators at the Institut Curiehave synthesized glycoconjugated tetraphenylporphyrins(TPP) for the treatment ofretinoblastoma by PDT. These compoundswere characterized in vitro and studies showedthat the most promising porphyrin crossed thecell membrane by passive transport. It is in thiscontext that this research was developed: theobjective was to study the interaction of aseries of porphyrins with membrane lipids.Firstly, porphyrin interaction with lipids wasstudied by a chromatographic approach onC18/C8, PolarTec, HILIC and IAM columns.Results showed a variation in the interactionaccording to porphyrin structures.Then, we demonstrated the effect of two TPPson phospholipid bilayers organization by DSC,and determined the localization of thisinteraction (polar heads or lipid aliphaticchains) by FTIR-ATR. The effect of TPPs onlipids and proteins was studied at the cellularlevel by IR microspectroscopy coupled withsynchrotron radiation. A discrimination ofporphyrins could be made by chemometrictools for Y79 cells but not for WERI-Rb1 norARPE-19 ones. In order to develop an artificialmembrane model, we performed lipidomicanalysis by mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) ofplasma and mitochondrial lipid membranes ofY79 and ARPE-19 cells. We determined theviscoelastic properties of lipid extracts andproposed an artificial lipid model partiallymimicking these viscoelastic properties. Thismodel could allow TPP screening in vitro
Jamecna, Denisa. "Une région intrinsèquement désordonnée dans OSBP contrôle la géometrie et la dynamique du site de contact membranaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4229/document.
Full textOxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid transfer protein that regulates cholesterol distribution in cell membranes. OSBP consists of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two coiled-coils, a “two phenylalanines in acidic tract” (FFAT) motif and a C-terminal lipid binding OSBP-Related Domain (ORD). The PH domain recognizes PI(4)P and small G protein Arf1-GTP at the Golgi, whereas the FFAT motif interacts with the ER-resident protein VAP-A. By binding all these determinants simultaneously, OSBP creates membrane contact sites between ER and Golgi, allowing the counter-transport of cholesterol and PI(4)P by the ORD. OSBP also contains an intrinsically disordered ~80 aa long N-terminal sequence, composed mostly of glycine, proline and alanine. We demonstrate that the presence of disordered N-terminus increases the Stoke’s radius of OSBP truncated proteins and limits their density and saturation level on PI(4)P-containing membrane. The N-terminus also prevents the two PH domains of OSBP dimer to symmetrically tether two PI(4)P-containing (Golgi-like) liposomes, whereas protein lacking the disordered sequence promotes symmetrical liposome aggregation. Similarly, we observe a difference in OSBP membrane distribution on tethered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on the presence/absence of N-terminus. Protein with disordered sequence is homogeneously distributed all over the GUV surface, whereas protein without N-terminus tends to accumulate at the interface between two PI(4)P-containing GUVs. This protein accumulation leads to local overcrowding, which is reflected by slow in-plane diffusion. The effect of N-terminus is also manifested in monomeric OSBPderived proteins that tether ER-like and Golgi-like membranes in the presence of VAP-A. Findings from our in vitro experiments are confirmed in living cells, where N-terminus controls the recruitment of OSBP on Golgi membranes, its motility and the on-and-off dynamics during lipid transfer cycles. Most OSBP-related proteins contain low complexity N-terminal sequences, suggesting a general effect
Furlan, Aurélien. "Interactions entre les tannins et les lipides : impact possible sur le goût du vin." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053813.
Full textDalbon, Pascal. "La protéine mitochondriale de transport des adénine-nucléotides : localisation des sites nucléotidiques par photomarquage, étude de la topographie membranaire de la chaîne polypeptidique à l'aide d'anticorps anti-peptides synthétiques." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10121.
Full textMahlberg, Florence. "Les sites membranaires de liaison specifiques des hdl : caracterisation du ligand, aspects fonctionnels." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077223.
Full textRebaud, Samuel. "Étude de l'interaction d'une famille de protéines myristoylées, les Visinin-Like Proteins, avec des membranes biomimétiques et développement d'un nouveau modèle membranaire dédié à l'étude de l'interaction protéine / lipide." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10035.
Full textTwo members of the Visinin-Like Proteins (VILIPs) family, VILIP-1 and VILIP-3, have been studied using two biomimetic membrane models, the Langmuir monolayers coupled to the Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and the supported lipid bilayers (SLB) visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using these two models, we have shown that VILIPs, N-myristoylated proteins with four EF-hands, have a membrane interaction kinetic that increases in the presence of calcium, probably due to the presence of a "calcium-myristoyl switch" mechanism. Tn contrast, the use of unmyristoylated proteins revealed that the presence of the myristoyl group is not the only factor necessary for the interaction of these proteins with the membrane. The presence of a N- terminal lysine-rich region allows this family of proteins to interact through electrostatic interactions with membranes containing anionic lipids and particularly the phosphatidylionisitol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). The presence of a small percent of phosphoinositide in the membrane is responsible for the acceleration of the binding rate of VILIPs, which is consistent with their subcellular location in cellulo. Finally, a new membrane model of peptide tethered lipid bilayers (pep-tBLM) grafted onto a gold surface was developed. The method described in this manuscript allows the formation of tBLM, containing the desired lipid composition, by using a home-designed peptide as tether. The formation is followed in real time by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) and has been characterized by AFM and fluorescence microscopy
Gebus, Adrien. "From lipid-mediated molecular interactions to a synergistic antimicrobial activity : a study of PGLa and magainin 2 amphipathic peptides using NMR spectroscopy and in silico molecular dynamics simulations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF017.
Full textPGLa and magainin 2 are two amphiphilic peptides that exhibit synergistic antimicrobial activity. The structure, dynamics, and interactions of these peptides with membranes were studied. Solid-phase and liquid-phase NMR spectroscopy provided information on the structure of PGLa in a hydrophobic environment. A 3D model of PGLa in micelles was constructed, and different populations of PGLa in lipid bilayers were identified. MD simulations were used to investigate the interaction of PGLa and magainin 2 with each other and with the membrane. A mode of recruitment of these peptides, as well as a form of interaction with it, in 'clusters' was deduced. Additionally, a model for the insertion of these peptides into the membrane, known as the 'flip', was discovered. The role of PGLa lysines in these actions was also demonstrated, notably by mutating these residues to arginine for structural, dynamic, and antimicrobial comparison
Mias-Lucquin, Dominique. "Dynamique et mécanique de complexes dystrophine-actine-lipides membranaires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B024/document.
Full textDystrophin is a filamentous protein involved in muscular cells structure which links the cytoskeleton to the sarcolemma. Together with cytoskeletal actin and membrane lipids, dystrophin is a part of a macromolecular complex, located under the sarcolemma, which prevents damages induced during repeated muscle contractions and relaxations. Such damages, including sarcolemma disruption, are found in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), diseases caused by mutations altering dystrophin expression or function. There is currently no treatment to cure these myopathies, and a deep understanding of the structure-function of the dystrophin and its interactions with its partners is necessary to the development of gene therapy strategies. Structuraly, this protein is composed of four functionnal domains, including a long filamentous central domain, composed of 24 successive coiled-coil repeats. It was recently showed that the central domain is not rod shaped and some inter-repeats regions (linker) are kinked, delimiting specific interaction sub-domains. This thesis aims to bring knowledge about the basis of the conformationnal diversity of linkers in a structuraly homogenous domain in human dystrophin. We explore how dystrophin delimits some regions that interact with f-actin and/or membrane lipids
Sarkis, Joe. "Mécanismes Moléculaires impliqués dans les Myopathies: Analyses des interactions Dystrophine-Lipides." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678400.
Full textAndrieux, Annie. "Diversité structurale et fonctionnelle des cytoadhésines cellulaires." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10054.
Full textRouis, Mustapha. "Regulation des recepteurs membranaires par les esters de phorbol : role de la proteine kinase c." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066609.
Full textNicolas, William. "Understanding plasmodesmata membrane organization and the control of cell-to-cell connectivity in plants." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0213.
Full textPlasmodesmata were first observed by Austrian botanist Eduard Tangl in 1880. He devoted himself to studying the anatomy and cytology of plants and his greatest discovery, of course, was the observation and first characterization of plasmodesmata (Tangl 1880, 1884 and 1885). Despite not having access to their ultrastructure, he observed thin striations (see front page engraving) between cotyledon cells of Strychnos nuxvomica and in the endosperm of seeds and described them as being conductive ducts. Already at the time, he was evoking the idea that these strands "unite them [the cells] to an entity of higher order", in other words formulating the first definition of a symplastic domain. lt is only in 1901 that Strasburger finally names these canals "plasmodesmata". His discovery led to a radical change in our conception of the plant entity and brought in new concepts such as the symplasm (Munch 1930) and transmembrane fluxes between cells, which are now being tackled with great interest by numerous research teams around the globe.Because of their size, plasmodesmata ultrastructure was not accessible until the advent of electron microscopy and they were long thought to be simple holes connecting plant cells one-another with no specific regulation. lt is only with the advent of electron microscopy and chemical fixation that botanists started to gain interest in this structure again. And even with these methods allowing the observation of structures down to several nanometers in size, there are still debates on the nature of the canal, its constituents and physiology (Lopez-Saez J. 1965, Robards A. 1970, Ding et al. 1992, Tilney et al. 1991, Overall and Gunning 1982, Schulz et al. 1995).Nowadays, with the advent of modern cryopreservation and three-dimensional electron tomography methods, great improvements are to be done in the understanding of the ultrastructure and physiology of these mysterious canals. More particularly by understanding the link between the membranous rearrangements taking place in these pores and the molecular transit regulation.My work has led us to view plasmodesmata as specialised Membrane Contact Sites (MCS). Hence, by analogy with MCS found in mammals, yeast and plants, this work embraces an original angle on the speculation of the composition and role of the desmotubule-plasma-membrane tethering complex. The work produced during my thesis allowed me to contribute to the publication of one review and two articles, which will constitute the introduction and two main sub-sections of the results chapter, respectively. The introductory review has been published in 2016 in Annual Review of Plant Biology. The first one is still under reviewing at Nature Plant and the other has been published in The Plant Cell journal in April 2015
Beauvais, Estelle. "Caractérisation de systèmes biologiques à l'échelle nanométrique : études des interactions entre des modèles membranaires et des agents exogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067152.
Full textDunand, Christophe. "Perception d'un signal xyloglucane par des protéines membranaires et mise en évidence d'activité xyloglucane endotransglycosylane induite." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10111.
Full textSolon, Jérôme. "Interactions entre membranes lipidiques chargées : instabilités, déformations et mouvement." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066580.
Full textAzouzi, Slim. "Interaction de molécules antipaludiques avec des systèmes membranaires biomimétiques." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1989.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the possibility to use membrane targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, we have proposed an original protocol to study the mechanism of action of certain antimalarial drugs. Our work is based on the characterization at the molecular and nanoscale levels of the interactions between antimalarial drugs and membrane models mimicking parasite membrane. Indeed, using various biophysical techniques, we have shown that sphingomyelin membranes of Plasmodium could be an attractive target for many potential antimalarial compounds such as Cyclosporin A. In addition, we have demonstrated the importance of lipid membranes in the hematin detoxification that is implementing carried out by the parasite by incorporating these molecules in an inert crystal inert called hemozoin. Thus, the AFM observations have allowed us to visualize for the first time and in real time the formation of this crystal in a lipid bilayer. Finally, we have showed that the combination of antimalarial drugs with hematin could inhibit the formation of hemozoin by inhibiting of the insertion of hematin in the membranes (e. G. As in chloroquine) or by the increasing of the membranotrope effect of hematin (for e. G. Derivatives of piperazine ursolic acid derivatives)
MAMAN, NATHALIE. "Interactions de photosensibilisateurs avec des systemes membranaires modeles." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077145.
Full textCastagnos, Pauline. "Vésicules catanioniques : design et mécanismes de délivrance de principes actifs." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1412/.
Full textSugar-derived catanionic surfactants self-assemble spontaneously into vesicles, which can encapsulate either hydrophilic drugs inside their aqueous core or hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs inside their bilayer. Their biocompatibility, as well as their stability under time and dilution in biological media, allow to consider the use of these organized molecular systems for drug vectorization and delivery. In the present work, a mechanistic study showed these eco-designed and adjustable systems are able to fuse spontaneously with lipid assemblies mimicking cell membranes, provided that these latter present organization defects inside the bilayer. Cellular interaction mechanisms of such supramolecular systems were elucidated on cancer cell lines, by confocal microcopy and flow cytometry techniques. On the one hand, macropinocytosis, clathrin and caveolae pathways were shown to intervene as major active processes of cellular uptake of vesicles. The simultaneous intervention of these three pathways of endocytosis enables a progressive drug release through complementary mechanisms. On the other hand, experimental results verified that catanionic vesicles are capable of fusing with cell membranes. This spontaneous membrane fusion, concomitant with endocytosis, provides to these innovative systems the ability to deliver hydrophilic compounds directly inside cytoplasm. Numerous perspectives of such systems can thus be foreseen. An application towards vectorization of photosensible drugs was initiated in the present work, in order to fight cutaneous cancer through photodynamic therapy. These vectors, charged with hydrophobic active principles, showed enhanced stability and promising in vitro results for treatment of skin melanoma and oral squamous carcinoma
Pichelin-Poitevin, Dominique. "Marquage differentiel de proteines membranaires par des inhibiteurs de thiols en presence de saccharose et de divers analogues." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2260.
Full textLang, Thierry. "Etude des interactions macrophage-bacterie : cinetique des communications entre le phagosome contenant des bacteries pathogenes ou non pathogenes et les autres compartiments membranaires impliques dans l'endocytose." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077126.
Full textLe, Lan Charlotte. "Propriétés structurales de la cavéoline-1 et interactions à l'interface membranaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077055.
Full textCaveolin-1 (21kDa) is the main component of specific microdomain of the plasma membrane, enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, called caveolae. These structures play a role in many cellular processes. A protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions networks occur within these structures. The main goal of this work bas been to contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the interactions networks between caveolin-1, lipids and proteins, in order to understand the structure and multifunctional role of caveolae. In the absence of any available structural information at the atomic level on any components of caveolae to describe these networks, our first work has been to focus on the structure of the main caveolae component, i. E caveolin-1 and more particularly the membrane attachment domain N-MAD or CSD (including CRAC motif) and the intra -membrane domain. One of our goals was to obtain a large quantity of these domains to perform an NMR study. To this aim chemical synthesis and biochemical synthesis were used. Our work has provided the fîrst structural data and interaction with lipids of caveolin-1 fragment, CSD and CRAC in various membrane mimics. NMR structural study of the synthetic fragment including CSD and the hydrophobic domain highlights two a helical regions (82 to 102 and 115 to 120)
Dufour, Sylvie. "Mécanismes adhésifs lors de la migration des cellules de la crête neurale et de la somitogenèse chez l'embryon d'oiseau." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066160.
Full textBerthier, Joseph. "Transport membranaire des médicaments utilisés en transplantation : étude du transporteur MRP4." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0034.
Full textMembrane transporters are major determinants of the pharmacokinetics of drugs, in the same way as the enzymes of the metabolism. Among them, only a few have roles in the organism which are perfectly defined. However, numerous clinical observations suggest that membrane transporters are involved in the occurrence of drug-drug interactions, and more generally in the occurrence of treatment failures due to inefficiency or toxicity.The aim of our work was to study the role of membrane transporters in the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants prescribed in transplanted patients. These are drugs with a narrow therapeutic index and very complex kinetic profiles. They are subject to numerous drug-drug interactions and it is known that the P-gp, the OATP family of transporters, or the BCRP transporter play an important role in their pharmacology.We were particularly interested in the relationship between the MRP4 transporter and mycophenolic acid (MPA). For this, we developed vesicular transport models (in vitro approach) and molecular modelling (in silico approach). They showed that mycophenolic acid β-D glucuronide (MPAG), a major metabolite of MPA, is transported by MRP4. Obviously, this phenomenon contributes to the inter- and intra-individual variability in the exposure to MPA. This work also demonstrated that some frequently co-prescribed drugs (anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory drugs) can inhibit this transport.This example illustrates the value of exploring transport mechanisms through in vitro and in silico studies to better understand and anticipate drug-drug interactions
Groh, Séverine. "La triadine : étude de son rôle et de ses partenaires dans le muscle squelettique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10034.
Full textChedik, Lisa. "Nature et conséquences des interactions entre transporteurs membranaires et pesticides." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B035/document.
Full textThe general population is chronically exposed to pyrethroids and organophosphorus insecticides, mainly through alimentation. Several epidemiological studies have found an association between non-occupational exposure to these pesticides and chronic diseases and developmental disorders. Paradoxically, their biological fate in humans is poorly understood. Some studies suggest that these insecticides could interact with ABC and SLC membrane transporters. These membrane proteins, located at blood-tissue interfaces (liver, kidney, intestine ...), handle many endogenous substrates, drugs and pollutants. The objective of our study was to characterize, using an in vitro approach, the effects of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides on the activity of numerous ABC and SLC human drug-transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRPs, OATP-1B1, -2B1, -1B3, OCT1-3, OAT1, OAT3, MATE1 and MATE2K). We have also tried to analyze the mechanisms of interactions and the structural requirements for insecticides-mediated modulation of drug transporters activities using in vitro and in silico approach. We have shown that many organophosphorus and pyrethroids are able to inhibit ABC (MRP, BCRP, P-gp) and SLC (OATP1B1, OAT3, MATE1, OCT1-2) transporters and can stimulate the activity of some OATPs. Moreover, the tested pesticides inhibited very strongly the activity of OCT1 and OCT2 and blocked catecholamine transport mediated by these transporters. A qSAR approach allowed to define physicochemical parameters associated with the modulating effects of pesticides and a molecular docking approach revealed the P-gp binding sites involved in these interactions. The consequences of transporter activitie modulation, in terms of toxic effects and drug interactions, remain to be defined for populations exposed to high doses of pesticides, occurring notably in response to poisoning. However the alterations of these transporter activities by insecticides are unlikely to contribute to organophosphorus or pyrethroids toxicities of chronic low-dose exposure
Dabouis, Vincent. "Pyrido[1,2-e]purines : structures, interactions membranaires et activités intercalantes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE19013.
Full textMamane, Alexandre. "Transport intracellulaire par des moteurs moléculaires : étude théorique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066728/document.
Full textWe study two intracellular transport phenomena. They are powered by molecular motors. Motors general mechanisms are understood, but their interactions leads to emerging properties, and some of them have specialised functions.In the first part, we study the extraction of membrane tubes by myosin 1b supported by actin bundles. Myosin 1b is a non processive motor with catch bond property. It is implied in membrane trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level. We model this phenomenon in the frame of a collaboration with experimentalists. We show that catch bond effect induces a regime where tube extraction requires a giant length fluctuation, and the minimal number of motors allowing extraction is decreased. Tubes extracted by non processive motors do not show oscillatory regime. During tube growth motors can deplete with non processive motors. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.In the second part we study in collaboration with experimentalists the cytoplasmic streaming in C.elegans. Its function is supposed to be the mixing the cytoplasm. Its orientation reverses stochastically. Its movement is supported by microtubules and kinesins, that drive the endoplasmic reticulum at the cortical level. We model this phenomenon and show that the transition toward streaming is a spontaneous spatial symetry breaking. Our predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The parameters values of the system optimize flow fluctuations, this could be the mechanism driving the mixing. Our predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations
Mehmood, Shahid. "Caractérisation structurale de protéines membranaires par échange hydrogène/deutérium spectrométrie de masse." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767335.
Full textDi, Guilmi Anne-Marie. "Étude de l'interaction de l'adénovirus humain de sérotype 3 avec les cellules HeLa." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10058.
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