Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction humain-machine – Prise de décision'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interaction humain-machine – Prise de décision"
Devillers, Laurence. "Des interfaces traditionnelles hommes-machines aux machines empathiques : vers une coadaptation humain-machine." Annales des Mines - Enjeux numériques N° 12, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 78–83. https://doi.org/10.3917/ennu.012.0078.
Full textDème, Moustapha, and Djiga Thiao. "Politiques de pêche et innovations adaptatives des pêcheries artisanales sénégalaises." Natures Sciences Sociétés, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2021039.
Full textLarsonneur, Claire. "Une machine comme moi, ou l’empathie en question." Imaginaires de l'IA 22 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11tfj.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction humain-machine – Prise de décision"
Chakhchoukh, Mehdi. "Visualization to Support Multi-Criteria Decision-making in Agronomy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG085.
Full textThe increasing complexity of agricultural systems necessitates sophisticated decision-making tools that can handle multiple criteria and accommodate complex trade-off analysis tasks. This thesis develops visualizations that facilitate decision-making processes in agronomy. This work has three main contributions: (i) understanding how provenance can support trade-off analysis, (ii) articulating high-level design and visualization needs to support group comparison in trade-off scenarios, and (iii) understanding how different visualizations can affect comparisons and decision-making in trade-off analysis. After an introductory chapter and a chapter on related work, the thesis details these three main contributions.The 3rd chapter of the thesis investigates how analytic provenance mechanisms can assist experts in recalling and tracking complex trade-off analyses. We developed VisProm, a web-based system integrating in-visualization provenance views to help experts track trade-offs and their objectives when exploring complex simulation results. Observation sessions with groups of experts revealed eight key tasks supported by our designs, highlighting new opportunities for provenance-driven trade-off analysis, such as monitoring trade-off space coverage and tracking alternative scenarios. One key outcome was the need to consider conflicting objectives and compare how different solutions or trade-off spaces fare under these objectives.Building on this, the 4th chapter explores the needs and challenges experts face when comparing trade-off spaces (that are often expressed as groups of data points, e.g., groups of simulation results) that optimize different objectives. Through workshops with domain experts and visualization designers, we identified high-level design and visualization needs to support group comparison in trade-off scenarios. This chapter lays the groundwork for developing effective visualization techniques for comparing groups that represent different trade-offs in terms of what objectives they optimize. They led to the implementation of a visualization prototype that visually encodes a variety of trade-off metrics. These encode and visually communicate experts' priorities in terms of objectives, the notion of ideal solutions, and how far current groups of solutions are from those ideals.The 5th chapter focuses on the evaluation of visualization techniques for comparing groups of points (solutions) when they represent different trade-offs. Motivated by the visualization needs and design requirements of the previous chapter, we selected three promising tabular-based visualization techniques to study. These techniques encode trade-off priorities and ideal solutions in different ways: coupling or decoupling the trade-off metrics and presenting them visually. We conducted a user study to understand how visualizations affected comparison decisions and quality of decision explanations. The findings from this study highlight that techniques that visually separate the encoding of priorities and ideal solutions lead to higher mental load and lower self-reported trust but may support more varied decision strategies than integrated visualizations. But they were always preferred over a baseline visualization.We conclude the thesis with a list of discussions and perspectives for future directions stemming from the results of this work
Laborie, François. "Le concept de salle de décision collective et son application aux processus complexes EADS." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30121.
Full textVereschak, Oleksandra. "Understanding Human-AI Trust in the Context of Decision Making through the Lenses of Academia and Industry : Definitions, Factors, and Evaluation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS552.
Full textWith the rise of AI-embedded systems assisting decisions in the context of medicine, justice, recruiting, Human-AI trust has become an utmost design priority. Numerous governments and large enterprises as well as researchers propose various strategies on how to foster trust in AI-embedded systems. However, trust is a complex, multifaceted concept, and Human-AI trust, being a recent research avenue, faces several challenges. On the theoretical level, the difference between trust and other related theoretical concepts (e.g. reliance, compliance, and trustworthiness) needs to be understood as well as the factors affecting Human-AI trust. On the methodological level, trust is difficult to assess, and appropriate protocols have to be understood. In this thesis, I tackle these challenges empirically through two lenses - academia and industry. I first conduct a systematic literature review of empirical studies on Human-AI trust in the context of decision making to get an overview of how trust is defined and evaluated in academia. However, as most studies are focusing on users' trust investigated in the controlled lab setting with AI mock-ups, I go further to investigate to which extent these findings hold true for other stakeholders with AI-embedded systems deployed in the market. To do so, I conduct a series of semi-structured interviews on the topic of Human-AI trust definitions and evaluation with people who develop and design AI-embedded systems assisting decision making and with people who are affected by these decisions. I argue that theoretical understanding of Human-AI trust directly affects experimental protocol and measures choices. Drawing from the social sciences literature, I propose guidelines on improving experimental protocols for studying Human-AI trust in the context of decision making. I also demonstrate that discussing theoretical concepts, such as Human-AI trust, with laypeople of different backgrounds not only can validate the academic theories, but also potentially contribute to theoretical advancement. Lastly, I provide an overview of factors that can affect Human-AI trust in the context of decision making and, based on the comparison between the findings of academia and industry, I highlight research opportunities and design implications for academic researchers and AI practitioners. This thesis provides theoretical and empirical evidence on Human-AI trust in the context of decision making and opens the ways to support trust in Human-AI interaction
Favier, Anthony. "Planification de tâches pour un robot collaboratif : théorie de l'esprit et anticipation des décisions et actions de l'humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP036.
Full textAlthough human-robot collaboration can be beneficial, most of today's robots work in spaces physically separated from humans, or their capabilities are severely limited in close proximity to humans. This work aims to bridge the gap between robotic capabilities and human expectations, fostering a new era of seamless and intuitive collaboration between humans and robots in shared environments to perform industrial, service or domestic tasks. More specifically, this manuscript presents a study of decision-making in the context of human-robot collaboration, particularly in the areas of navigation and task planning.First, we discuss various fields and works related to human-robot collaboration in order to better understand the context of my work. After an introduction to the HATP/EHDA task planner, I present my first contribution, which incorporates some concepts from the Theory Of Mind into task planning. Some models and algorithms are proposed and evaluated to better estimate and maintain human knowledge during collaboration, in order to better anticipate human behavior. As a result, we can identify when the human has a false belief about a fact evaluated as relevant to the task. In this case, the robot can proactively inform the human to correct the false information, or the robot can deliberately delay its actions so that they can be seen by the human. The results show that this scheme effectively maintains the human's beliefs and solves a wider class of problems than HATP/EHDA, while not systematically communicating.My second contribution is a new approach to task planning producing a robot behavioral policy ensuring smooth collaboration where the human always has full decision latitude and the robot always conforms in parallel to these decisions. This approach is based on a model of concurrent and compliant joint action that we have designed. This model, in the form of an automaton, takes into account human incontrollability and social cues. We also propose a new method of plan evaluation and selection based on the estimation of the human's internal preferences regarding the task. Empirical results show that this approach enables concurrent robot behavior that conforms to the human's real-time decisions and preferences.To validate the above approach, we conducted a user study using a specially developed simulator. Participants were invited to collaborate in several scenarios with a simulated robot following the policies produced by our approach. We used as a reference an approach opposite to ours, in which the human is forced to conform to the robot's choices. We showed through statistical analysis that our approach satisfies human preferences significantly more successfully. Similarly, we have shown that our approach induces significantly more positive interaction, more adaptive and effective collaboration, and significantly more appropriate and accommodating robot decisions.Finally, my third contribution concerns decision-making in navigation. I propose a system simulating a human avatar which, in addition to being reactive, makes rational decisions about navigation tasks. This system serves as a test and evaluation tool for robotic navigation systems. In this way, they can be evaluated, adjusted, and robustified in simulation, so that mature real-life experiments can be carried out more quickly. An additional work capable of simulating several avatars is also presented
Dimara, Evanthia. "Information Visualization for Decision Making : Identifying Biases and Moving Beyond the Visual Analysis Paradigm." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS367/document.
Full textThere are problems neither humans nor computers can solve alone. Computer-supported visualizations are a well-known solution when humans need to reason based on a large amount of data. The more effective a visualization, the more complex the problems that can be solved. In information visualization research, to be considered effective, a visualization typically needs to support data comprehension. Evaluation methods focus on whether users indeed understand the displayed data, can gain insights and are able to perform a set of analytic tasks, e.g., to identify if two variables are correlated. This dissertation suggests moving beyond this "visual analysis paradigm" by extending research focus to another type of task: decision making. Decision tasks are essential to everybody, from the manager of a company who needs to routinely make risky decisions to an ordinary person who wants to choose a career life path or simply find a camera to buy. Yet decisions do not merely involve information understanding and are difficult to study. Decision tasks can involve subjective preferences, do not always have a clear ground truth, and they often depend on external knowledge which may not be part of the displayed dataset. Nevertheless, decision tasks are neither part of visualization task taxonomies nor formally defined. Moreover, visualization research lacks metrics, methodologies and empirical works that validate the effectiveness of visualizations in supporting a decision. This dissertation provides an operational definition for a particular class of decision tasks and reports a systematic analysis to investigate the extent to which existing multidimensional visualizations are compatible with such tasks. It further reports on the first empirical comparison of multidimensional visualizations for their ability to support decisions and outlines a methodology and metrics to assess decision accuracy. It further explores the role of instructions in both decision tasks and equivalent analytic tasks, and identifies differences in accuracy between those tasks. Similarly to vision science that informs visualization researchers and practitioners on the limitations of human vision, moving beyond the visual analysis paradigm would mean acknowledging the limitations of human reasoning. This dissertation reviews decision theory to understand how humans should, could and do make decisions and formulates a new taxonomy of cognitive biases based on the user task where such biases occur. It further empirically shows that cognitive biases can be present even when information is well-visualized, and that a decision can be ``correct'' yet irrational, in the sense that people's decisions are influenced by irrelevant information. This dissertation finally examines how biases can be alleviated. Current methods for improving human reasoning often involve extensive training on abstract principles and procedures that often appear ineffective. Yet visualizations have an ace up their sleeve: visualization designers can re-design the environment to alter the way people process the data. This dissertation revisits decision theory to identify possible design solutions. It further empirically demonstrates that enriching a visualization with interactions that facilitate alternative decision strategies can yield more rational decisions. Through empirical studies, this dissertation suggests that the visual analysis paradigm cannot fully address the challenges of visualization-supported decision making, but that moving beyond can contribute to making visualization a powerful decision support tool
Martinie, De Almeida Célia. "Une approche à base de modèles synergiques pour la prise en compte simultanée de l'utilisabilité, la fiabilité et l'opérabilité des systèmes interactifs critiques." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1509/.
Full textIn the field of interactive critical systems, the cost of a usage error or of a system failure can overcome the cost of the development of the system itself, and can result in loss of life, injury or damage to the system and its environment. Then, currently available Human Computer Interaction techniques, methods and processes are not sufficient, as they are not handling all of the design and development issues that are associated to interactive critical systems. First of all, these techniques, methods and processes do not enable to guarantee that the system will fulfil both usability and reliability properties. Then, they do not consider training and qualification of the users of the system. At last, they do not provide means for traceability of the needs and requirements through the whole development process. We propose an approach to develop interactive critical systems that are usable, reliable and operable and we describe the associated conceptual framework of our approach. We propose an implementation of this approach with a development process, notations and a software environment. The development process integrates phases for the development of the associated training program, and it provides support for the traceability of requirements and design choices during the whole phases of the process. This approach takes advantages from the User Centered Design paradigm and uses, in a synergistic way, task models, system's behaviour formal models and training program development model
Nendjo, Ella André. "Vers un outil d'aide à la décision en évaluation des systèmes interactifs et la prise en compte conjointe de critères techniques et socio-culturels." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a4ddded7-9065-4026-8321-0c21b5a179b7.
Full textHinss, Marcel. "Interaction humain/système de drones et facteurs humains : Prise en compte de l'estimation de l'état de fatigue d'un opérateur dans le design d'interactions adaptatives pour le contrôle de drones longue endurance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0035.
Full textUncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) are common in many industries and an important pillar ofmany modern militaries. While technology advances rapidly, military long-endurance UASstill suffer from high rates of human error-related mishaps, especially when operators experience mental fatigue.In particular, the frequent switching between tasks required by operators presents an opportunity for improvement. Cognitive flexibility, the mental ability to switch between tasks or responses, is an important executive function. However, little research has investigated cognitive flexibility during complex tasks such as UAS control. In this thesis we address this lack, and the possibility of mitigating the adverse effects of fatigue on cognitive flexibility was also explored. For this, visual alerts were developed to inform participants when they had to switch between tasks. To increase the effectiveness of visual alerts, their use should be restricted to periods of poor performance (e.g. due to mental fatigue), during which the positive impact ofvisual alerts may be maximized.Passive Brain-Computer Interfaces (pBCI) and physiological computing systems using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG) and eye-tracking may detect sub-optimal states, such as mental fatigue. Detecting mental states poses several theoretical issues. Most notably, a mental state is not necessarily a good performance indicator. Directly estimating performance, on the other hand, has proven to be more challenging for BCIs and Physiological Computing, partially because performance can be defined in many ways.Following several interviews with operators, 5 experiments were designed. (i) The firstexperiment, the Double Task Switching (DTS) experiment, tests a novel behaviouralprotocol to investigate cognitive flexibility and the effects of similarity on task-switching costs.Results showed that switching between similar and dissimilar tasks significantly differs in accuracy and reaction time. This experiment is followed by (ii) a second behavioural paradigm investigating whether the mere presence of visual alerts can improve performance. It builds on the DTS protocol and is called the DTS-II experiment. The results of this study show that visual alerts without any prior explanation do not appear to improve performance when switching between tasks.Two further experiments explore the possibility of using EEG, ECG and eye-tracking to detect mental fatigue during realistic UAS simulations. (iii) The Remot3e experiment (Remote search, 3 Es for EEG, ECG & Eye-Tracking) focuses on a search task. It constitutes a primary investigation into the differences between Time-on-Task (TOT) and performance-based mental fatigue estimation. Then, (iv) the UASOS (UAS Operator Simulation) experiment combines the DTS protocol and the Remot3e Task, adding a navigation task to recreate some of the fundamental aspects of UAS operations. Both experiments highlight the difference in using different definitions of mental fatigue for constructing and training physiological computing systems.Notably, Time-On-Task (TOT, the time a participant has been performing a task) and task performance are compared.Finally, (v) we investigate if visual alerts can be used to adapt an adaptive interface inUAS simulations to improve performance. For this, Visual Alerts were added to the UASOSexperiment. The preliminary results highlight the impact of a simple adaptation on behaviour within a complex work environment.The work in this manuscript shows that cognitive flexibility should be considered a priorityin human factor research and that simple adaptations, such as visual alerts, can improve cognitive flexibility. It also highlights the importance of mental fatigue and how different definitions of the construct (based on performance or TOT) can result in major performance differences when researching pBCIs and Physiological Computing systems
Desombre, Laurent. "Fiabilité et modélisation cognitive de l'opérateur humain face à des signaux visuo-posturaux." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a9fc578f-b8df-4eab-b503-cedffac16912.
Full textDumas, Pierre-Yves. "Intégrer la décision humaine lors de la mise à jour d'une mission de drones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066732.
Full textHumans are still vital after years of automation and the clients of UAV mission systems want to preserve the human user’s key role because human knowledge, experience and judgment provide unique capability to analyze safety risks and to think ahead in uncertain and novel situations. Our first contribution is LOA4, a set of tree levels of automation in four dimensions to assess human involvement in partially automated systems. Previous sets focus too much attention on the computer rather than on the collaboration between the computer and its operator/supervisor. Unlike previous sets, our set systematically assess human involvement: is there none; some sometime; or some anytime. Its simplicity allow to recursively assess the situation of automation of a system based on the situation of automation of its parts. These information can be part of an IHM to increase the situation awareness in real time. Our second contribution is a mission system in which automated systems decide to delegate some decisions to humans. In order to increase the ratio number of “uavs / number of humans”, decisions that are untrusted to humans are mostly both ambivalent and critical. Some minor goals may be discarded to provide humans with more time to make their decisions. We implemented our approach and we report some results
Books on the topic "Interaction humain-machine – Prise de décision"
Fairbanks, Rollin J., Catherine M. Burns, and Ann M. Bisantz. Cognitive Systems Engineering in Health Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textFairbanks, Rollin J., Catherine M. Burns, and Ann M. Bisantz. Cognitive Systems Engineering in Health Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textCognitive Systems Engineering in Health Care. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textReports on the topic "Interaction humain-machine – Prise de décision"
Jocelyn, Sabrina, Élise Ledoux, Damien Burlet-Vienney, Isabelle Berger, Isvieysys Armas Marrero, Chun Hong Law, Yuvin Chinniah, et al. Identification en laboratoire des éléments essentiels au processus d’intégration sécuritaire de cellules cobotiques. IRSST, August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70010/qkwy4060.
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