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Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction bactéries-champignons'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interaction bactéries-champignons"
Heu, Katy, and Mathilde Gendrin. "Le microbiote de moustique et son influence sur la transmission vectorielle." Biologie Aujourd'hui 212, no. 3-4 (2018): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2019003.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction bactéries-champignons"
Taktek, Salma. "Dissolution biologique des phosphates : interaction bactéries - mycorhizes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25898.
Full textSoluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers added to soil rapidly precipitate, forming sparingly soluble phosphates, not available to plants. Furthermore, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers to compensate soil P deficiency is not considered sustainable and it leads to costly and potentially harmful applications. Many reports confirmed that beneficial soil microorganisms, including phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), have a significant influence on soil fertility and crop productivity. Indeed, PSB can also improve phosphate rock (PR) efficiency when directly applied to soil. However, most published works on PSB overlooked the possible interaction between PSB and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are ubiquitous in cultivated plants. A new approach based on the trapping of PSB strongly attached to the hyphosphere of AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) DAOM 197198, previously inoculated with microbial soil suspensions was developed to isolate relevant PSB able to mobilize P from a low reactive igneous PR more efficiently than those directly isolated from the same rhizosphere soil samples. An in vitro study demonstrated that the synergism between hyphobacteria (Burkholderia anthina Ba8 and Rhizobium miluonense Rm3) and Ri hyphae highly improved the solubilisation of PR. Our results go beyond the existing studies and showed specific mechanisms involved on PSB-AMF interactions. Indeed, hyphobacteria, mainly B. anthina Ba8, strongly adhere to Ri hyphal surfaces and PR particles forming a structured biofilm. Under greenhouse conditions, the direct application of PSB and AMF Ri as biostimulants for sustainable corn production showed that these beneficial microorganisms improve growth and P uptake of corn fertilized with superphosphate or Quebec PR.
Thion, Cécile. "Influence des Interactions bactéries-champignons sur la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0023/document.
Full textThe dissipation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), very common and persistant pollutants in soils from industrial wastelands, involve the action of bacterial and fungal microorganisms. However their respective contribution, and the influence of the microbial and plant-microbe interactions on in situ PAH dissipation, are poorly known and fungal communities were scarcely studied in such environments. This work aimed to study the fate of PAHs in rhizosphere under the influence of microorganisms and their interactions and to estimate the fungal diversity in contaminated soils. The dynamic of fungal communities was monitored in situ for 5 years, by real-time PCR and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) in an aged PAH-polluted soil and in the same soil treated by thermal desorption. The results showed that plants had a positive effect on fungal abundance and diversity and were the main driver of fungal community structure, dominated by Ascomycetes. Besides, bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from this soil and screened for their ability to dissipate PAHs in vitro. Among them, the bacteria Arthrobacter oxydans Pyr2MsHM11 and the fungus Fusarium solani MM1 were chosen as model strains to study their individual and simultaneous effect on PAH dissipation in different experimental conditions, from liquid cultures to planted soil microcosms with a complex microflora. It was found that interactions between microorganisms, notably competition, had a crucial influence on their growth and on the expression of their PAH dissipation potential
Jouan, Romain. "The fitness landscape of the soil bacteria Caballeronia insecticola and Sinorhizobium meliloti in diverse natural and synthetic environments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASB076.
Full textSoil bacteria are adapted to survive in their abiotic soil environment as well as to cope with different organisms, including other bacteria, fungi, plants and insects with which they share that environment. With the objective to contribute to the understanding of these adaptations and to answer the question if adaptations are overlapping or unique for each of these lifestyles, I used the transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq) approach to identify essential and conditionally fitness genes in two well-studied soil bacteria, Caballeronia insecticola and Sinorhizobium meliloti. The experimental strategy consisted in the use of Tn-seq screens performed in the natural, in situ environments of the microbes combined with multiple in vitro experiments in synthetic environments. The selection of these in vitro conditions was informed by available transcriptome analyses, physiological studies, genetics, genomics and biochemical analyses as well as the in situ Tn-seq experiments themselves. The selected in vitro conditions were a variety of stressors (e.g. antimicrobial peptides or AMPs) or nutritional (e.g. a panel of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur sources) and physiological (e.g. motility and chemotaxis) conditions that the microbes encounter in their natural environments. These simplified synthetic conditions decompose the complexity of natural conditions in single components and facilitate thereby the interpretation of the in situ Tn-seq screens.C. insecticola is a versatile bacterium establishing specific interactions with insects, plants, fungi and other bacteria. I analyzed four different lifestyles of C. insecticola with the Tn-seq approach: soil, the rhizosphere of soybean plants, the gut symbiotic organ of the insect Riptortus pedestris and the surface of the hyphae of Cunninghamella fungi. For bacteria-bacteria interactions, I focused on the competition of the rhizobium strain S. meliloti with the toxin producing strain Rhizobium sp. Pop5 because this interaction is well characterized and based on the production of the AMP phazolicin by the strain Pop5.In total, 34 screens in C. insecticola and 4 screens in S. meliloti were performed and analysed, resulting in the discovery of phenotypes for 1162 C. insecticola genes and 264 S. meliloti genes. In C. insecticola, the essential genome, i.e. the set of genes that cannot be removed and that are therefore indispensable to support bacterial life, was precisely defined. I found that it is constituted of 498 genes, including the genes encoding the expected cellular functions, like transcription, translation, energy production, cell envelope biosynthesis and cell cycle, but also less expected genes like those involved in the specific modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L arabinose groups. Results of the different Tn-seq screens were verified by independent experiments, using insertion or deletion mutants of C. insecticola and S. meliloti in selected genes and characterization of the phenotype of these mutants in the relevant environmental and in vitro conditions. In total, 23 mutants in C. insecticola and 8 mutants in S. meliloti were phenotyped. In each case, the phenotyping of these mutants confirmed the Tn-seq data, illustrating the robustness and potential of the method.Among the crucial bacterial functions in all natural environments, in both C. insecticola and S. meliloti, is the bacterial envelope, suggesting that it constitutes a shield, fending of environmental stresses, in particular AMPs frequently produced by other organisms. Bacterial motility and chemotaxis in C. insecticola are particularly important in the interaction with insects but also in the soil, when bacteria hitchhike on fungal hyphae. Finally, each environment imposes specific metabolic constraints on the bacteria. Together, this work highlighted both generalist and environment-specific adaptations in soil bacteria
Tourneroche, Anne. "Bacterial-fungal interactions within the endomicrobiota of brown algae : implication of quorum sensing in the metabolic crosstalk." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0013.
Full textMacroalgae host various microorganisms, collectively referred as the algal microbiota, which play an essential role in the development and health status of their host. In this work, we explored the bacterial and fungal microbiota of brown algae, as well as the impact of bacterial fungal interactions on the chemical mediation and, in particular, on the bacterial quorum sensing. Using 16S rDNA-based and ITS2-based metabarcoding approaches we showed that the fungal and bacterial communities associated with the brown macroalgae Saccharina latissima were very rich, mainly composed of few dominant OTUs, and a large abundance of “rare” OTUs. Interestingly, both fungal and bacterial communities differed from the ones of the surrounding seawater and appeared specific to the algal tissues. However, high intra and interindividual variations of composition were observed among the algal tissue samples. Thus what define the specificity of the microbial communities remains to be clarified. In parallel, we explored the chemical mediation within the cultivable endomicrobiota of four brown algae: Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata, Pelvetia canaliculata and Ascophylum nodosum, and pointed out that many of the isolated bacterial and fungal endophytes could synthetize metabolites interfering with bacterial quorum sensing systems, either inducing or inhibiting them. Additionally, biosensor-based bioassays coupled with metabolomics approaches performed on co-culture experiments, highlighted how bacterial-fungal interactions within the endomicrobiota of brown algae could affect the production of chemical mediators, including those interfering with bacterial quorum sensing. Altogether, the results suggest that the quorum sensing could play a key role in the complex network of interactions within the algal microbiota, and thus in the host-microbiota equilibrium
Guegan, Morgane. "Interactions entre le moustique tigre et son microbiote : réponse aux perturbations anthropiques et impact dans la nutrition." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m63n22rn.
Full textThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is a major public health concern due to its ability to transmit various pathogens, linked to its invasive capacity. In addition to its strong ecological plasticity, its global expansion has been largely favored by global changes. In recent years, increasing researches on microbiota have demonstrated the importance of this component in key functions of mosquito biology. Improved knowledge on the relationships between the mosquito and its microbiota offers new insights into the understanding of the functioning of the mosquito holobiont. In this context, the main purpose of this PhD was to evaluate the microbiota response to abiotic disturbances and its role in the fructose metabolism, a major component of mosquito nutrition. The results showed differential impacts of antibiotics and temperature decrease on the composition and structure of the bacterial microbiota and several bacterial and fungal genera able to metabolize fructose were highlighted, along with the characterization of active metabolic pathways. These data open up new research avenues focused on the impact of anthropic disturbances on the mosquito functional microbiota as well as their consequences on both the transmission of pathogens and trophic interactions within the mosquito holobiont
Hervé, Vincent. "Bacterial-fungal interactions in wood decay : from wood physicochemical properties to taxonomic and functional diversity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium-associated bacterial communities." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0041/document.
Full textWood decomposition is an important process in forest ecosystems in terms of their carbon and nutrient cycles. In temperate forests, saprotrophic basidiomycetes such as white-rot fungi are the main wood decomposers. While they have been less studied, bacterial communities also colonise decaying wood and coexist with these fungal communities. Although the impact of bacterial-fungal interactions on niche functioning has been highlighted in a wide range of environments, little is known about their role in wood decay. Based on microcosm experiments and using a culture-independent approach, we showed that the presence of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium significantly modified the structure and diversity of the bacterial communities associated with the degradation of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). Using a culture-dependent approach, it was confirmed that in the presence of the fungus the mycosphere effect resulted in increased bacterial abundance and modified the functional diversity of the fungal-associated bacterial communities. Lastly, a polyphasic approach simultaneously analysing wood physicochemical properties and extracellular enzyme activities was developed. This approach revealed that P. chrysosporium associated with a bacterial community isolated from its mycosphere was more efficient in degrading wood compared to the fungus on its own, highlighting for the first time synergistic bacterial-fungal interactions in decaying wood