Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interaction avalanche and structure

Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction avalanche and structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

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Naaim, Mohamed, Thierry Faug, Florence Naaim, and Nicolas Eckert. "Return period calculation and passive structure design at the Taconnaz avalanche path, France." Annals of Glaciology 51, no. 54 (2010): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410791386517.

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AbstractThis paper aims to show how recent knowledge developed in the field of avalanche research can be used for a real case study, the Taconnaz avalanche path, where passive structures already existed but had to be improved. First a morphological analysis of the site is done and historical data are analysed. Second, each recorded event is back-calculated using a numerical model of dense-flow avalanches. For each surveyed avalanche, parameters at the entry of the runout zone upstream of the defence structures are defined. Third, a statistical analysis of these parameters allows characterization of 100 year return period events. Fourth, physical and numerical models of dense avalanches interacting with defence structures are combined in order to design the most effective passive structure able to contain the reference scenarios. Finally, physical and numerical modelling of the interaction between the powder avalanche and the designed defence structure is performed, to show that the proposed improvements do not increase the residual risk due to the powder part in areas downstream of the defence structures.
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Domaas, U., C. B. Harbitz, and H. Bakkehøi. "The EU CADZIE database for extreme and deflected snow avalanches." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 3/4 (December 31, 2002): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-227-2002.

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Abstract. The EU programme CADZIE (Catastrophic Avalanches: Defence Structures and Zoning in Europe), was established after the catastrophic 1999 avalanche winter in Europe. The overall objective of the programme is improved snow avalanche risk management by: (1) improved avalanche hazard zoning by computational models; and (2) improved understanding of the interaction between defence structures and avalanches. One contribution to meet the objectives is a database of well-documented extreme or deflected avalanche events in the six countries of the partners of the programme. The database contains observational, topographical and meteorological snow avalanche data with reliability, as well as references, copyrights, etc., all in a convenient framework based on common formats. The structure, contents, and potential use of the database are described. Example calculations of extreme and deflected events made by the NGI user interface "SKRED", for practical use of avalanche computational models, present applications of the database. Finally, further development of the database and of the computational models to meet the future needs in avalanche hazard zoning is proposed.
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Nicot, F., and M. Gay. "Modelling of interaction between a snow mantle and a flexible structure using a discrete element method." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 3/4 (December 31, 2002): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-163-2002.

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Abstract. The search of improvement of protective techniques against natural phenomena such as snow avalanches continues to use classic methods for calculating flexible structures. This paper deals with a new method to design avalanche protection nets. This method is based on a coupled analysis of both net structure and snow mantle by using a Discrete Element Method. This has led to the development of computational software so that avalanche nets can be easily designed. This tool gives the evolution of the forces acting in several parts of the work as a function of the snow situation.
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Margreth, Stefan, and Walter J. Ammann. "Hazard scenarios for avalanche actions on bridges." Annals of Glaciology 38 (2004): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814951.

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AbstractEngineers require impact scenarios when developing hazard mitigation strategies to protect structures against snow avalanches. Since direct measurements of avalanche impacts on large obstacles are rare, the documentation and post-event analysis of avalanche damages is essential to understand the interaction of avalanches with obstacles. The objective of this paper is to develop hazard scenarios for avalanche actions on bridges, based on a case study of a well-documented avalanche event. The 40 m long pre-stressed road bridge Ri di Rialp in the Swiss Alps collapsed after being struck by a dense-flow avalanche in 1998. The post-event analysis shows that the controlling hazard scenario was an inclined avalanche impact, not a horizontal impact as one would assume given the topographical situation. Using a failure analysis, an impact angle of 40° and a minimal impact pressure of 172 kN m−2 were found. Finally the insights are summarized so that engineers can apply the results when designing a bridge at risk from avalanches.
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Feistl, Thomas, Peter Bebi, Michaela Teich, Yves Bühler, Marc Christen, Kurosch Thuro, and Perry Bartelt. "Observations and modeling of the braking effect of forests on small and medium avalanches." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 219 (2014): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog13j055.

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AbstractA long-standing problem in avalanche science is to understand how forests stop avalanches. In this paper we quantify the effect of forests on small and medium avalanches, crucial for road and skirun safety. We performed field studies on seven avalanches where trees affected the runout. We gathered information concerning the release zone location and dimension, deposition patterns and heights, runout distance and forest structure. In these studies the trees were not destroyed, but acted as rigid obstacles. Wedge-like depositions formed behind (1) individual tree stems, (2) dense tree groups and (3) young trees with low-lying branches. Using the observations as a guide, we developed a one-parameter function to extract momentum corresponding to the stopped mass from the avalanche. The function was implemented in a depth-averaged avalanche dynamics model and used to predict the observed runout distances and mean deposition heights for the seven case studies. The approach differs from existing forest interaction models, which modify avalanche friction to account for tree breakage and debris entrainment. Our results underscore the importance of forests in mitigating the danger from small-to-medium avalanches.
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Jaedicke, Christian, Florence Naaim-Bouvet, and Matthias Granig. "Wind-tunnel study of snowdrift around avalanche defence structures." Annals of Glaciology 38 (2004): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814799.

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AbstractAvalanche defence structures such as retarding dams and breaking mounds are widely used to protect residential areas and other kinds of infrastructure. The effect of the defence structures depends largely on their effective height relative to the velocity, volume and flow depth of the avalanche. Snow depositions from earlier avalanches as well as from drifting snow can significantly alter the effective height of defence structures. Different designs of avalanche-breaking mounds and retarding dams were tested in the Cemagref (Grenoble, France) wind tunnel for their effect on drifting snow. Examples included dams and mounds of different sizes and heights. The models were tested in a wind tunnel with sand particles subjected to different wind directions. The resulting depositions were scanned with a laser system to obtain a three-dimensional picture of the accumulation pattern. The results show that the accumulated snow varies widely with the design of the structure for a given wind direction. Most snow is accumulated around narrow mounds, with least accumulation observed around mounds covering a smaller relative area of the avalanche path. The data obtained can be used to study the effect of the depositions on the retarding effect of the avalanche defence structures. However, because the similarity criteria for studying the interaction between structures and saltating particles in a wind tunnel cannot be met, the transfer of the results to reality must be performed with caution.
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Naaim-Bouvet, F., M. Naaim, M. Bacher, and L. Heiligenstein. "Physical modelling of the interaction between powder avalanches and defence structures." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 3/4 (December 31, 2002): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2-193-2002.

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Abstract. In order to better understand the interaction between powder snow avalanches and defence structures, we carried out physical experiments on small-scale models. The powder snow avalanche was simulated by a heavy salt solution in a water tank. Quasi two-dimensional and three-dimensional experiments were carried out with different catching dam heights. For the reference avalanche, the velocity just behind the nose in the head was greater than the front velocity. For the 2-D configuration, the ratio Umax/Ufront was as high as 1.6, but it depends on the height. For the 3-D configuration, this ratio differed slightly and was even greater (up to 1.8). The vertical velocity rose to 106% of the front velocity for the 3-D simulation and 74% for the 2-D simulation. The reduction in front velocity due to the presence of dams was an increasing function of the dam height. But this reduction depended on topography: dams were more effective on an open slope avalanche (3-D configuration). The ratio Umax/Ufront was an increasing function of the dam’s height and reached a value of 1.9. The obstacle led to a reduction in vertical velocity downstream of the vortex zone.
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Casteller, Alejandro, Thomas Häfelfinger, Erika Cortés Donoso, Karen Podvin, Dominik Kulakowski, and Peter Bebi. "Assessing the interaction between mountain forests and snow avalanches at Nevados de Chillán, Chile and its implications for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 1173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1173-2018.

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Abstract. Gravitational natural hazards such as snow avalanches, rockfalls, shallow landslides and volcanic activity represent a risk to mountain communities around the world. In particular, where documentary records about these processes are rare, decisions on risk management and land-use planning have to be based on a variety of other sources including vegetation, tree-ring data and natural hazard process models. We used a combination of these methods in order to evaluate dynamics of natural hazards with a focus on snow avalanches at Valle Las Trancas, in the Biobío region in Chile. Along this valley, natural hazards threaten not only the local human population, but also the numerous tourists attracted by outdoor recreational activities. Given the regional scarcity of documentary records, tree-ring methods were applied in order to reconstruct the local history of snow avalanches and debris flow events, which are the most important weather-related processes at respective tracks. A recent version of the model Rapid Mass MovementS (RAMMS), which includes influences of forest structure, was used to calculate different avalanche parameters such as runout distances and maximum pressures, taking into consideration the presence or absence of forest along the tracks as well as different modeled return periods. Our results show that local Nothofagus broadleaf forests contribute to a reduction of avalanche runout distances as well as impact pressure on present infrastructure, thus constituting a valuable ecosystem disaster risk reduction measure that can substitute or complement other traditional measures such as snow sheds.
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Bao, Yiding, Jianping Chen, Weifeng Zhang, Yuchao Li, Zhihai Li, and Ni Du. "Effect of the Fracturing Degree of the Source Rock on Rock Avalanche River-Blocking Behavior Based on the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Technique." Minerals 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070901.

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In this study, the effect of the fracturing degree of the source rock on rock avalanche river-blocking behavior was investigated. The study included the analysis of mass movement behavior, impulse wave behavior, and the formation of landslide dams. The study included a series of simulations of rock avalanche river-blocking based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique. Prior to the simulation, a water column collapse model was applied to validate the use of the CEL technique on fluid-structure interaction, and to calibrate the material parameters. The source rock in the rock avalanche simulation was cut by different groups of structural planes, with the number of 0 × 0 × 0, 1 × 1 × 1, 4 × 4 × 4, 9 × 9 × 9, 14 × 14 × 14, 19 × 19 × 19 in each dimension, respectively, to represent different fracturing degrees, on the premise of the same volume and shape of the source rock. The simulation results showed that the sliding mass exhibited structure stabilization, such that the structure of the sliding mass gradually stabilized to a steady status over time, in the mass movement process. The structure stabilization made the center of the sliding mass constantly decrease, and provided a higher speed of movement for the rock avalanches with higher fracturing degrees of the source rock. As for the impulse wave behavior, with the increase in the fracturing degree of the source rock, the maximum kinetic energy of the water decreased, and the maximum height and propagation speed of the impulse waves decreased, which indicated that the maximum height and the propagation speed of the impulse waves were positively correlated with the maximum kinetic energy of the water. In regard to the formation of the landslide dams, when the fracturing degree of the source rock was low, the shape of the landslide dam was very different. With the increase of the fracturing degree of the source rock, the shapes of the landslide dams stabilized, and varied slightly after the fracturing degree of the source rock reached a threshold value.
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Kriz, Karel. "ALBINA The White Goddess – Mapping and Communicating Avalanche Risk in the European Alps." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-191-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the increasing importance of communication in the context of risk management and disaster prevention in mountainous environments, the demand for adequate communication channels and cartographic representations is constantly rising. In particular, the presentation of a broad spectrum of geospatial topics such as avalanche awareness requires innovative cartographic methods and approaches that go beyond standard cartographic depiction procedures.</p><p>ALBINA is such a project that addresses this proposition. It embraces risk management with cartographic communication methods and stands for “The White Goddess” an allusion to snow avalanches. This cooperation project has the goal to publish a joint, multilingual avalanche bulletin in the entire European region of Tyrol, South Tyrol and Trentino. The aim is to inform the public daily about the avalanche situation as well as to communicate avalanche related information in an efficient and profound way. An online portal is currently being developed as part of an Interreg V-A Italy-Austria project in collaboration between the University of Vienna, the EVTZ Europaregion, the Austrian Avalanche Warning Service of Tyrol as well as the Italian Avalanche Warning Services of South Tyrol and Trentino. The developed communication structures promote and facilitate the exchange of spatial-temporal information between experts of neighboring regions as well as the public in a multi-lingual environment. The framework is supported by a software system that handles and visualizes meteorological data, observations, snow profiles and avalanche events of the entire region with a strong focus on cartographic communication. It furthermore offers the possibility to enter and manipulate the avalanche bulletin in a standardized way in order to optimize the exchange of information between the avalanche experts on duty.</p><p>In order to foster the efforts in avalanche awareness and communication three conceptual cornerstones have been identified according to international avalanche warning standards: (1) avalanche danger assessment and forecasting production, (2) timing and validity of publication and (3) effective geo-communication. Based on this alignment the international ALBINA project was launched to showcase the ability and strength of such an approach. This presentation will primarily focus on effective geo-communication clarifying the general framework as well as the communication structures and workflow within the overall system. Thereby explaining the methods and interaction between the available real-time data, the technical infrastructure, the human resources as well as the geo-communicational aspects of the system. Thereafter the individual cornerstones of the system will be discussed. These consist of various services dealing with the input and administration of avalanche relevant information, geodata processing and provision, map production and dissemination, meteorological map and diagram manipulation and creation as well as the design and conception of the frontend web-interface. Finally, the current state of the system will be presented exemplifying the geo-communicational procedures and methods.</p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

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Allen, Simon Keith. "Meteorology and snowpack structure associated with avalanche hazard, Porter Heights, Canterbury." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2778.

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With an increase in use of New Zealand's alpine terrain, there is a growing need to understand processes and phenomena associated with snow avalanche hazard. This research investigates snowpack structure and meteorological influences associated with avalanching at Porter Heights Ski Area and overviews the management practices employed in response to this hazard. Data sources are derived from meteorological and snowpack observations dating back to 1977, coupled with comprehensive field studies in 2003. Weak faceted and mixed crystal forms were found to comprise on average over 40 % of the early season snowpack on sunny and shaded slope aspects, although they could persist on shaded slopes throughout the season, contributing to spring avalanche events. The growth of both lower pack depth hoar, and near-surface facets were strongly influenced by synoptic airflows. Forty-eight hours after the onset of a cool southeast airflow, the temperature gradients in a shallow snowpack ranged from -0.36 °C cm-1 near the surface, to -0.17 °C cm-1 deeper in the pack. A warmer northwest flow induced surface melting, and dramatically altered the thermal regime of the snowpack. Thick layers of rounded grains indicated the importance of equilibrium growth and wind redistribution of snow. Wind loading is most extensive on slopes leeward to the prevalent, strong, west to northwest winds, and slab formation in this terrain is regularly controlled using hand placed explosives and ski cutting techniques. Density measurements centred on a median value of 185 kg/nr' suggested the significance of decomposing new snow in forming surface slabs, with the largest snowfalls at Porter Heights occurring during east to southeast storm events. While this study has cemented a comprehensive understanding of meteorology and snowpack structure at Porter Heights, backcountry avalanche forecasting in the neighbouring terrain will further benefit from larger scale, collaborative future research initiatives.
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Zäll, Emma. "Footbridge Dynamics : Human-Structure Interaction." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224527.

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For aesthetic reasons and due to an increased demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly civil engineering structures, there is a trend in designing light and slender structures. Consequently, many modern footbridges are susceptible to excessive vibrations caused by human-induced loads. To counteract this, today's design guidelines for footbridges generally require verification of the comfort criteria for footbridges with natural frequencies in the range of pedestrian step frequencies. To ensure that a certain acceleration limit is not exceeded, the guidelines provide simplified methodologies for vibration serviceability assessment. However, shortcomings of these methodologies have been identified. First, for certain footbridges, human-structure interaction (HSI) effects might have a significant impact on the dynamic response. One such effect is that the modal properties of the bridge change in the presence of a crowd; most importantly, the damping of the bridge is increased. If this effect is neglected, predicted acceleration levels might be overestimated. Second, as a running person induces a force of greater amplitude than a walking person, a single runner might cause a footbridge to vibrate excessively. Hence, the running load case is highly relevant. These two aspects have in common that they are disregarded in existing design guidelines. For the stated reasons, the demand for improvements of the guidelines is currently high and, prospectively, it might be necessary to require the consideration of both the HSI effect and running loads. Therefore, this licentiate thesis aims at deepening the understanding of these subjects, with the main focus being placed on the HSI effect and, more precisely, on how it can be accounted for in an efficient way. A numerical investigation of the HSI effect and its impact on the vertical acceleration response of a footbridge was performed. The results show that the HSI effect reduces the peak acceleration and that the greatest reduction is obtained for a crowd to bridge frequency ratio close to unity and a high crowd to bridge mass ratio. Furthermore, the performance of two simplified modelling approaches for consideration of the HSI effect was evaluated. Both simplified models can be easily implemented and proved the ability to predict the change in modal properties as well as the structural response of the bridge. Besides that, the computational cost was reduced, compared to more advanced models. Moreover, a case study comprising field tests and simulations was performed to investigate the effect of runners on footbridges. The acceleration limit given in the design guideline was exceeded for one single person running across the bridge while a group of seven people walking across the bridge did not cause exceedance of the limit. Hence, it was concluded that running loads require consideration in the design of a footbridge.
På grund av estetiska skäl och en ökad efterfrågan på kostnadseffektiva och miljövänliga konstruktioner är merparten av de gångbroar som konstrueras idag förhållandevis lätta och slanka. Med anledning av detta ökar risken för att stora svängningar uppstår på grund av dynamisk belastning från människor på bron. För att motverka att detta inträffar kräver dagens normer att komforten verifieras för gångbroar med egenfrekvenser inom området för människans stegfrekvens. Komforten verifieras genom att säkerställa att ett visst accelerationskriterium inte överskrids. För detta ändamål finns handböcker som tillhandahåller förenklade beräkningsmetoder för uppskattning av accelerationsnivåer. Brister i dessa beräkningsmetoder har emellertid identifierats. För det första kan olika typer av människa-bro-interaktion (HSI) ha en betydande inverkan på responsen hos vissa broar. Exempel på en HSI-effekt är att brons modala egenskaper förändras när människor befinner sig på bron; i huvudsak sker en ökning av brons dämpning. Om denna effekt inte tas i beaktande föreligger stor risk att överskatta förväntade accelerationsnivåer. För det andra är kraften från en löpare större än kraften från en gående person vilket gör att en ensam löpare på en gångbro kan ge upphov till accelerationsnivåer som överskrider gränsvärdena för komfort. Löpande personer är därför ett mycket relevant lastfall. Befintliga normer uttrycker inte explicit att någon av dessa aspekter bör tas i beaktande. Behovet av förbättrade riktlinjer för hur normerna bör tillämpas är därför mycket stort och i framtiden kan det bli nödvändigt att kräva att både HSI-effekter och löparlaster tas i beaktande. Därför syftar denna licentiatavhandling till att bidra till en fördjupad förståelse inom dessa två ämnen, med huvudfokus på ovan nämnda HSI-effekt i allmänhet och hur den kan beaktas på ett enkelt, noggrant och tidseffektivt sätt i synnerhet. En numerisk undersökning av HSI-effekten och dess inverkan på den vertikala responsen hos en gångbro genomfördes. Resultaten visar att HSI-effekten reducerar den maximala accelerationen och att störst reduktion erhålls då folksamlingen och bron har ungefär samma egenfrekvens och då folksamlingens massa är stor i förhållande till brons massa. Vidare utvärderades två förenklade metoder för beaktande av HSI-effekten vilka kan implementeras av konstruktörer med grundläggande kunskaper inom strukturdynamik. Det konstaterades att båda metoderna uppskattar HSI-effekten såväl som brons respons förhållandevis väl samtidigt som de reducerar beräkningstiden något jämfört med mer avancerade metoder. Effekten av löpare på gångbroar studerades genom en fallstudie med fältmätningar. Utifrån resultaten från dessa fältmätningar kunde det konstateras att accelerationsgränsen som anges i normerna överskreds när en ensam löpare sprang över bron men inte när en grupp på sju personer gick i takt över samma bro. Därför drogs slutsatsen att löparlaster bör tas i beaktande vid dimensionering av en gångbro.

QC 20180320

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Fernandez, Carlos Javier. "Pile-structure interaction in GTSTRUDL." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21418.

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Howell, Richard Martyn. "Snoring : a flow-structure interaction." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101139/.

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A novel method for calculating the linear fluid-structure interaction of a cantilevered flexible surface centrally positioned in an ideal channel flow, incorporating the effects of vorticity shed downstream, is described. The perturbation pressure is modelled using a linearised boundary-element method. The flexible surface deflection is modelled using linearised one-dimensional beam theory. The shed vorticity is modelled using a linearised discrete vortex method. The computational model can therefore be used to conduct numerical experiments where no presupposition of the flexible surface deflection is made. This linear model can accurately capture the onset of instability in this fluid-structure system. The flexible surface is infinitely thin; the upper and lower sides of the surface can therefore be considered stream lines of the flow, with a step jump in pressure between them across the surface. The discontinuity of tangential velocity across the flexible surface generates lift. The flexible surface is therefore modelled by a distribution of vortex singularities with a Kutta condition applied at the surface’s trailing edge. The individual models of the flexible surface and the fluid velocity and vorticity, together with the action of the individual hydrodynamic pressure components created when the models are combined to form a single unsteady model, are validated via a series of numerical experiments and by quantitative comparison with an appropriate, previously developed computational model. Unique, highly detailed investigations into the ideal fluid-structure phenomena observed in numerical experiments conducted over a wide range of mass ratio and inlet velocity are documented. For the first time, detailed numerical investigation of the effect on this fluid-structure interaction of channel walls, a rigid central surface (upstream and adjacent to the flexible surface), unsteady mean flow, the variation of stiffness and damping properties along the flexible surface and the vorticity shed at the trailing edge of the flexible surface have been quantified. Calculations of the critical velocity show good correlation with other published work and examples of the possible application of the unsteady model to different physical fluid-structure phenomena are outlined. Of central importance is the application of the unsteady model to the investigation of the human snoring phenomenon. Further insight into the operation of two types of snore is made and a new type of snore is discovered, incorporating the effects of inhalation. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the location (on the flexible surface) of the destabilising phase shift between the flexible surface velocity and fluid pressure leading to instability change drastically for a small shift in mass ratio. Coupled with knowledge of further snore mechanisms from other published work, these results show the uniqueness of treatment required to provide effective surgical treatment to individual patients suffering from snoring; furthermore, this highlights the need for more realistic fluid-structure models to be created.
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El, Baroudi Adil. "Modélisation en interaction fluide-structure." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S140.

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Ce travail de thèse est essentiellement constitué de deux parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la modélisation du système crâne-cerveau lors d’un choc. Dans ce système, le fluide joue un rôle tampon entre les deux solides qui ont des propriétés matérielles complètement différentes. Lors d’un choc, on n’arrive pas jusqu’à présent à comprendre les phénomènes d’apparition de lésions cérébrales, qui constituent un enjeu majeur en accidentologie. L’étude s’appuie sur un dispositif expérimental existant, à partir duquel des modèles ont été élaborés. Deux modèles ont été proposés : couplage inertiel et couplage visqueux. Ceux-ci ont été résolus analytiquement et numériquement. La seconde partie aborde la dynamique du système aortique pendant un choc. Dans un premier temps, on s’intéresse à la réponse dynamique de la branche ascendante de l’aorte où une solution analytique du problème modal associé est proposée, afin de pouvoir utiliser par la suite une technique de projection modale. Ensuite, le système entier est soumis à un choc. En effet, en accidentologie, on observe dans certaines situations, une rupture au niveau de la partie terminale de branche ascendante de l’aorte : c’est la rupture isthmique. Dans toute l’étude, le caractère hétérogène de la paroi aortique est pris en compte. Diverses études à caractère paramétrique ont été menées
This thesis is essentially constituted of two parts. The first part focuses on modeling the skull-brain system during an impact. In this system, the fluid acts as a buffer between the two elastic solids with completely different material properties. During an impact, we are not able to understand untill now some phenomena of brain injury, which is a major challenge in traffic accident. The study used on an existing experimental device from which models were developed. Two models were proposed : inertial coupling and viscous coupling. These have been solved analytically and numerically. The second part deals with the dynamics of the aortic system during a shock. Initially, we study the dynamic response of the ascending branch of the aorta where an analytical solution of the modal problem associated is proposed in order to subsequently use a modal projection technique. Then, the whole system is subjected to a shock. Indeed, in accident research, we observe in some cases, a break at the end portion of descending branch of the aorta : the isthmic rupture phenomenon. In all the study, the heterogeneous character of the aortic wall is taken into account. Various parametric studies have been conducted
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Saez, Robert Esteban. "Interaction dynamique non-linéaire sol-structure." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453297.

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L'interaction dynamique entre le sol et les structures (IDSS) a fait l'objet de nombreuses études sous l'hypothèse de l'élasticité linéaire, bien que les effets de l'IDSS puissent être différents entre un système élastique et un système inélastique. De fait, les méthodologies usuelles développées à partir des études élastiques peuvent ne pas être adaptées aux bâtiments conçus pour dissiper de l'énergie par de l'endommagement lors de séismes sévères. De plus, il est bien connu que la limite d'élasticité du sol est normalement atteinte même pour de séismes relativement faibles. En conséquence, si les effets inélastiques de l'IDSS sont négligés, les études d'endommagement sismique des bâtiments peuvent être très inexactes. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer une stratégie générale pour l'étude du problème de l'IDSS non-linéaire dans le contexte de l'analyse de la vulnérabilité sismique des bâtiments. Ainsi, des modèles d'éléments finis réalistes sont développées et appliquées à des problèmes d'IDSS non-linéaires. Les modèles couvrent une large gamme des conditions pour le sol et des typologies de bâtiments soumis à plusieurs bases de données sismiques. Une stratégie de modélisation a été développée et validée afin de réduire significativement le coût numérique. Pour cela, un modèle 2D équivalent a été développé, implanté dans GEFDyn et utilisé pour effectuer une importante étude paramétrique. De nombreux indicateurs de comportement non-linéaire de la structure et du sol ont été proposés pour synthétiser leur fonctionnement lors du chargement sismique. De surcroît, une stratégie d'évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique basée sur l'information apportée par une base des données sismiques a été développée. De façon, générale, les résultats ont mis en évidence une réduction de la demande sismique lorsque les effets inélastiques de l'IDSS sont pris en compte. Cette réduction est liée fondamentalement à deux phénomènes : l'amortissement par radiation et l'amortissement hystérétique du sol. Ces deux effets ont lieu simultanément pendant le mouvement sismique. Il est alors très difficile d'isoler l'influence de ces deux phénomènes. En effet, le mouvement effectif transmis à la structure n'est pas le même que celui en champs libre du aux effets d'interaction, ainsi qu'à la modification locale du comportement du sol fortement lié aux poids du bâtiment. Une série de mesures de sévérité sismique et des mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie au niveau du sol et du bâtiment a été introduite dans le but d'analyser ces effets. Cependant, ces résultats sont en général très irréguliers et leur généralisation a été très difficile. Néanmoins, ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance de la prise en compte des effets du comportement inélastique du sol. La plupart des cas étudiés ont montré un effet favorable de l'IDSS non-linéaire. Mais, en général, l'IDSS peut augmenter ou diminuer la demande sismique en fonction de la typologie de la structure, des caractéristiques du mouvement sismique et des propriétés du sol. Tout de même, il y a une justification économique pour étudier les effets du comportement non-linéaire du sol sur la réponse sismique.
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Altstadt, Eberhard, Helmar Carl, and Rainer Weiß. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Investigations for Pipelines." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28993.

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The influence of the fluid-structure interaction on the magnitude fo the loads on pipe walls and support structures is not yet completely understood. In case of a dynamic load caused by a pressure wave, the stresses in pipe walls, especially in bends, are different from the static case.
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Jones, Christopher Andrew. "Crowd-structure dynamic interaction in stadia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543299.

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Plessas, Spyridon D. "Fluid-structure interaction in composite structures." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41432.

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In this research, dynamic characteristics of polymer composite beam and plate structures were studied when the structures were in contact with water. The effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on natural frequencies, mode shapes, and dynamic responses was examined for polymer composite structures using multiphysics-based computational techniques. Composite structures were modeled using the finite element method. The fluid was modeled as an acoustic medium using the cellular automata technique. Both techniques were coupled so that both fluid and structure could interact bi-directionally. In order to make the coupling easier, the beam and plate finite elements have only displacement degrees of freedom but no rotational degrees of freedom. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique was applied to the transient responses of the composite structures with and without FSI, respectively, so that the effect of FSI can be examined by comparing the two results. The study showed that the effect of FSI is significant on dynamic properties of polymer composite structures. Some previous experimental observations were confirmed using the results from the computer simulations, which also enhanced understanding the effect of FSI on dynamic responses of composite structures.
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Randall, Richard John. "Fluid-structure interaction of submerged shells." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5446.

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A general three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory for the evaluation of responses has been adapted to formulate hydrodynamic coefficients for submerged shell-type structures. The derivation of the theory has been presented and is placed in context with other methods of analysis. The ability of this form of analysis to offer an insight into the physical behaviour of practical systems is demonstrated. The influence of external boundaries and fluid viscosity was considered separately using a flexible cylinder as the model. When the surrounding fluid is water, viscosity was assessed to be significant for slender structural members and flexible pipes and in situations where the clearance to an outer casing was slight. To validate the three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory, predictions of resonance frequencies and mode shapes were compared, with measured data from trials undertaken in enclosed tanks. These data exhibited differences due to the position of the test structures in relation to free and fixed boundaries. The rationale of the testing programme and practical considerations of instrumentation, capture and storage of data are described in detail. At first sight a relatively unsophisticated analytical method appeared to offer better correlation with the measured data than the hydroelastic solution. This impression was mistaken, the agreement was merely fortuitous as only the hydroelastic approach is capable of reproducing-the trends recorded in the experiments. The significance of an accurate dynamic analysis using finite elements and the influence of physical factors such as buoyancy on the predicted results are also examined.
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Books on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

1

Bungartz, Hans-Joachim, and Michael Schäfer, eds. Fluid-Structure Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-34596-5.

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Jones, Stephen, Joy Tillotson, Richard F. McKenna, and Ian J. Jordaan, eds. Ice-Structure Interaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84100-2.

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Sigrist, Jean-François. Fluid-Structure Interaction. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118927762.

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BULL, JOHN W. SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203474891.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Soil-structure interaction. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1987.

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S, Cakmak A., ed. Soil-structure interaction. Amsterdam: Elsevier, co-published with Computational Mechanics, 1987.

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S, Cakmak A., ed. Soil-structure interaction. Amsterdam: Elsevier, co-published with Computational Mechanics, 1987.

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1941-, Chakrabarti Subrata K., and Brebbia C. A, eds. Fluid structure interaction. Southampton: WIT Press, 2001.

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S, Cakmak A., and International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (3rd : 1987 : Princeton University), eds. Soil-structure interaction. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Gatti, Domenico Delli, Mauro Gallegati, and Alan Kirman, eds. Interaction and Market Structure. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57005-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

1

Wawra, M., Y. Wang, and W. Wu. "Numerical Modelling of Interaction Between Snow Avalanche and Protective Structures." In Advances in Bifurcation and Degradation in Geomaterials, 153–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1421-2_20.

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Boyl, Brian L. M. "Structure." In Interaction for Designers, 121–40. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315226224-7.

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Boeyens, Jan C. A. "Covalent Interaction." In Structure and Bonding, 93–135. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31977-8_5.

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Göttel, Timo. "Avalanche! Reanimating Multiple Roles in Child Computer Interaction Design." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013, 666–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40477-1_45.

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Dolejší, Vít, and Miloslav Feistauer. "Fluid-Structure Interaction." In Discontinuous Galerkin Method, 521–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19267-3_10.

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Doyle, James F. "Structure-Fluid Interaction." In Wave Propagation in Structures, 243–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1832-6_8.

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Kleinstreuer, Clement. "Fluid–Structure Interaction." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 435–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8670-0_8.

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Vrettos, Christos. "Soil-Structure Interaction." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_141-1.

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Blevins, R. D. "Vortex-Structure Interaction." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 533–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0249-0_12.

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Jia, Junbo. "Soil–Structure Interaction." In Soil Dynamics and Foundation Modeling, 177–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40358-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

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Faug, T., B. Chanut, and M. Naaim. "Granular forces from steady and avalanche flows on a wall-like obstacle: contribution to avalanche dam design." In Fluid Structure Interaction 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fsi110141.

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Caccamo, P., T. Faug, H. Bellot, and F. Naaim-Bouvet. "Experiments on a dry granular avalanche impacting an obstacle: dead zone, granular jump and induced forces." In Fluid Structure Interaction 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fsi110061.

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Brown, T. G., and S. M. Horbatuck. "χ3 enhancement by carrier multiplication in semiconductor junctions." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.ml2.

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Two important mechanisms for the nonlinear refractive index in bulk semiconductors are: (1) free carrier plasma interactions and (2) bandfilling and the associated Burstein-Moss shift. Both effects require the creation of excess free carriers by photons having energies slightly less than the bandgap of the semiconductor. This produces a fundamental limit to the strength of the nonlinear optical interaction, since high absorption (required for a high density of free carriers) significantly limits the interaction length over which switching or other functions may be accomplished. One way to exceed this fundamental limit in bulk semiconductors is by carrier multiplication. It is well known that suitable avalanche photodiode structures can enhance the free carrier population by a factor equal to the mean avalanche multiplication. This results in a direct enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index in both direct and indirect semiconductor junctions. The performance of such junctions in quantum-limited optical switching is examined. We show that enhancements in the nonlinear refractive index ranging from 102 to 109 are possible, depending on the choice of materials and operating conditions.
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Navakas, Robertas, and Algis Džiugys. "A community detection method for network structure analysis of force chains in granular medium in a rotating drum." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.079.

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We analyze the motion of granular matter in a partially filled drum rotating around the horizontal axis. The motion of granular medium is simulated using the discrete element model (DEM). As the drum rotates, the free surface sloping angle changes periodically as it attains the limit repose angle leading to an avalanche, after which its value is reduced to below the repose angle. Systems of this type are of interest from both theoretical and application viewpoints: similar setups are used in industry, such as rotary kilns and mixers; besides, dynamics of granular matter leads to macroscopic effects, such as segregation and emergence of patterns. Observable macroscopic effects depend largely on the underlying structure of force chains arising from pairwise mechanical contacts between the particles. Discrete element simulations produce the data for each individual particle: position, translational and rotational velocity, force vector between the interacting particle pairs. These data about the microscopic state must be processed to obtain the observable macroscopic states. Particle configurations at each time moment available from DEM simulations can be represented as graphs: each particle is represented as a graph vertex, the vertex pairs are connected by edges if the respective particle pairs are in contact, and the edge weights are proportional to the interaction force. After the graph for a particle state is created, the algorithms of the graph analysis can be applied to analyze the corresponding state of granular matter. Among such algorithms, we use the community detection algorithms to analyse the emergence of force groups among the particles, i.e., the groups of particles that have stronger mechanical forces among the particles in the group than the forces with particles that do not belong to the given group. Such groups are structures of larger scale than the usual force chains. Distribution of group sizes (number of particles belonging to the group) and their positions depend on the rotation velocities of the drum; in turn, they influence the variation of the repose angle and the process of the avalanches. We report the relations between the characteristics of the detected force groups and the observable effects in the granular matter obtained by DEM simulations.
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Koçak, Fatma, and Ilhan Tapan. "Fluctuations in Avalanche Photodiode Structure." In SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2733106.

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Benedikovic, Daniel, Léopold Virot, Guy Aubin, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Farah Amar, Bertrand Szelag, Xavier Le Roux, et al. "28 Gbps silicon-germanium hetero-structure avalanche photodetectors." In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXIV, edited by Sonia M. García-Blanco and Pavel Cheben. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2543499.

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CHOA, F. S., and P. L. LIU. "Low-noise GaAs avalanche photodiodes: a new device structure." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1987.tuq28.

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Dale, Jason J., and A. E. Holdo̸. "Fluid Structure Interaction Modelling." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2858.

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Numerical modeling of fluid/structure interaction (FSI) falls into the multi-physics domain and has significant importance in many engineering problems. It is an active research area in the field of computational mechanics and examples are found in diverse applications such as aeronautics, biomechanics and the offshore industries. As such, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element (FE) analysis techniques have continuously evolved into this field. This paper presents one such technique and focuses on the further developments of a displacement based finite volume method previously presented by the author, in particular, its ability to now predict fixed displacement, normal, shear and thermal stresses and strains within a single CFD program. An advantage of this method is that a single solution procedure has the potential to be employed to predict both fluid, structural and fluid/structure interaction effects simultaneously.
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Gaul, Lothar. "Acoustic Fluid-Structure Interaction." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63601.

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The vibration behavior of ships is noticeably influenced by the surrounding water, which represents a fluid of high density. In this case, the feedback of the fluid pressure onto the structure cannot be neglected and a strong coupling scheme between the fluid domain and the structural domain is necessary. In this work, fast boundary element methods are used to model the semi-infinite fluid domain with the free water surface. Two approaches are compared: A symmetric mixed formulation is applied where a part of the water surface is discretized. The second approach is a formulation with a special half-space fundamental solution, which allows the exact representation of the Dirichlet boundary condition on the free water surface without its discretization. Furthermore, the influence of the compressibility of the water is investigated by comparing the solutions of the Helmholtz and the Laplace equation. The ship itself is modeled with the finite element method. A binary interface to the commercial finite element package ANSYS is used to import the mass matrix and the stiffness matrix. The coupled problems are formulated using Schur complements. To solve the resulting system of equations, a combination of a direct solver for the finite element matrix and a preconditioned GMRES for the overall Schur complement is chosen. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated using a realistic model problem.
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Wang, W. J., L. Lin, T. X. Li, N. Li, W. D. Hu, W. Lu, and X. S. Chen. "Numerical analysis of single photon avalanche photodiodes with improved structure." In 2010 10th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nusod.2010.5595688.

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Reports on the topic "Interaction avalanche and structure"

1

Benaroya, Haym, and Timothy Wei. Modeling Fluid Structure Interaction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382782.

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Isaac, Daron, and Michael Iverson. Automated Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435321.

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Love, E., and R. L. Taylor. Acoustic-structure interaction problems. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/110709.

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Miller, C., C. Costantino, A. Philippacopoulos, and M. Reich. Verification of soil-structure interaction methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5507213.

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Barone, Matthew Franklin, Irina Kalashnikova, Daniel Joseph Segalman, and Matthew Robert Brake. Reduced order modeling of fluid/structure interaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974411.

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Wood, Stephen L., and Ralf Deiterding. Shock-driven fluid-structure interaction for civil design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1041422.

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Liu, Wing K. Multiresolution Analysis of Compressible Viscous Flow-Structure Interaction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377739.

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Costantino, C., and A. Philippacopoulos. Influence of ground water on soil-structure interaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5529456.

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Philippacopoulos, A. Soil-structure interaction. Volume 1. Influence of layering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5825767.

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Schroeder, Erwin A. Infinite Elements for Three-Dimensional Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada189462.

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