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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interacting and isolated galaxies

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Academic literature on the topic 'Interacting and isolated galaxies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

1

Karachentsev, Igor D., Valentina E. Karachentseva, Walter K. Huchtmeier, Dmitry I. Makarov, and Serafim S. Kaisin. "Probe of Dark Galaxies via Disturbed/Lopsided Isolated Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S244 (June 2007): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307014044.

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AbstractSearching for lopsided/interacting objects among 1500 isolated galaxies yields only eight strongly disturbed galaxies which may be explained as a result of their interaction with massive dark objects. We present results of spectral and photometric observations of these galaxies performed with the 6-m telescope that lead to significant restriction on cosmic abundance of dark galaxies.

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Struck, Curtis. "Star formation in mergers and interacting galaxies: gathering the fuel." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (August 2006): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307001664.

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AbstractSelected results from recent studies of star formation in galaxies at different stages of interaction are reviewed. Recent results from the Spitzer Space Telescope are highlighted. Ideas on how large-scale driving of star formation in interacting galaxies might mesh with our understanding of star formation in isolated galaxies and small scale mechanisms within galaxies are considered. In particular, there is evidence that on small scales star formation is determined by the same thermal and turbulent processes in cool compressed clouds as in isolated galaxies. If so, this affirms the notion that the primary role of large-scale dynamics is to gather and compress the gas fuel. In gas-rich interactions this is generally done with increasing efficiency through the merger process.

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Athanassoula, E. "Isolated and Interacting Galaxies: Simulations with GRAPE." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 208 (2003): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900207134.

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I present N-body simulations of isolated and interacting galaxies, made on GRAPE machines. In particular I discuss the formation and evolution of N-body bars and compare their properties to those of bars in early-type and late-type galactic discs. I argue that the halo can help the bar grow, contrary to previous beliefs, by taking positive angular momentum from it via its resonant stars. I then focus on the interaction and subsequent merging of a barred disc galaxy with a spheroidal satellite. The evolution depends strongly on the mass (density) of the satellite and may lead to its destruction or to the destruction of the bar.

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Zaragoza-Cardiel, J., J. E. Beckman, J. Font, A. Camps-Fariña, B. García-Lorenzo, and S. Erroz-Ferrer. "Star formation enhancement characteristics in interacting galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (July 2014): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131401045x.

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AbstractWe have observed 12 interacting galaxies using the Fabry-Perot interferometer GHαFaS (Galaxy Hα Fabry-Perot system) on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (La Palma). We have extracted the physical properties (sizes, Hα luminosity and velocity dispersion) of 236 HII regions for the full sample of interacting galaxies. We have derived the physical properties of 664 HII regions for a sample of 28 isolated galaxies observed with the same instrument in order to compare both populations of HII regions, finding that there are brighter and denser star forming regions in the interacting galaxies compared with the isolated galaxies sample.

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Fernández, María, Fangting Yuan, Shiyin Shen, Jun Yin, Ruixiang Chang, and Shuai Feng. "Isolated Galaxies versus Interacting Pairs with MaNGA." Galaxies 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies3040156.

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Young, J. S. "Molecular Gas and Star Formation in Interacting and Isolated Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 186 (1999): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900112665.

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The results of the FCRAO Extragalactic CO Survey are used to examine the trends regarding the molecular gas distribution, the star formation efficiency, and the global gas surface densities (HI and H2) in galaxies as a function of environment. Relative to a sample of isolated Sbc-Scd galaxies, the strongly interacting galaxies have more compact gas distributions, a higher mean value for the global star formation efficiency, and a larger fraction of gas in molecular form. Not only is the molecular gas redistributed during interactions, but evidence is presented for an enhanced conversion of atomic to molecular gas as well.

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Kronberger, T., W. Kapferer, S. Schindler, A. Böhm, E. Kutdemir, and B. L. Ziegler. "Internal Kinematics of Modelled Isolated and Interacting Disc Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306006223.

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AbstractWe present a systematic investigation of the velocity fields of both isolated and interacting spiral galaxies in combined N-body/hydrodynamical simulations. Closely mimicking the procedures applied in observations of distant, small, and faint galaxies we extract rotation curves (RCs) and compare the results of the simulation directly to observations. Irregularities in the velocity field reflect disturbances in the gravitational potential of the galaxy. They can be used to trace the recent interaction history of a galaxy and give possible clues to the type of the respective interaction. In addition, identifying disturbances in the RCs is important for Tully-Fisher studies in order to accurately derive the maximum rotation velocity.

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Kaneko, Hiroyuki, Nario Kuno, Daisuke Iono, Yoichi Tamura, Tomoka Tosaki, Kouichiro Nakanishi, and Tsuyoshi Sawada. "Properties of molecular gas in galaxies in early and mid stages of Interaction. III. Resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt law." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 74, no. 2 (February 22, 2022): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psab129.

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Abstract We study properties of the interstellar medium, an ingredient of stars, and star formation activity, in four nearby galaxy pairs in the early and mid stages of interaction for both a galaxy scale and a kpc scale. The galaxy-scale Kennicutt–Schmidt law shows that seven of eight interacting galaxies have a star formation rate within a factor of three compared with the best fit of the isolated galaxies, although we have shown that molecular hydrogen gas is efficiently produced from atomic hydrogen during the interaction in the previous paper (Kaneko et al. 2017 PASJ, 69, 66). The galaxy-scale specific star formation rate (sSFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE) in interacting galaxies are comparable to those in isolated galaxies. We also investigate SFE and the Kennicutt–Schmidt law on a kpc scale. The spatial distributions of SFE reveal that SFE is locally enhanced, and the enhanced regions take place asymmetrically or at off-centre regions. The local enhancement of SFE could be induced by shock. We find that the index of the Kennicutt–Schmidt law for the interacting galaxies in the early stage is 1.30 ± 0.04, which is consistent with that of the isolated galaxies. Since CO emission, which is used in the Kennicutt–Schmidt law, is a tracer of the amount of molecular gas, this fact suggests that dense gas, which is more directly connected to star formation, is not changed at the early stage of interaction.

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Garay-Solis, Yeny, Jorge K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Dario Colombo, Sebastián F. Sánchez, Alejandra Z. Lugo-Aranda, Vicente Villanueva, Tony Wong, and Alberto D. Bolatto. "Exploring the Impact of Galactic Interactions and Mergers on the Central Star Formation of APEX/EDGE–CALIFA Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 952, no. 2 (July 21, 2023): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd781.

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Abstract Galactic interactions and subsequent mergers are a paramount channel for galaxy evolution. In this work, we use the data from 236 star-forming CALIFA galaxies with integrated molecular gas observations in their central region (approximately within an effective radius)—from the APEX millimeter telescope and the CARMA millimeter telescope array. This sample includes isolated (126 galaxies) and interacting galaxies in different merging stages (110 galaxies; from pairs, merging, and postmerger galaxies). We show that the impact of interactions and mergers in the center of galaxies is revealed as an increase in the fraction of molecular gas (compared to isolated galaxies). Furthermore, our results suggest that the change in star formation efficiency is the main driver for both an enhancement and/or suppression of the central star formation—except in merging galaxies where the enhanced star formation appears to be driven by an increase of molecular gas. We suggest that gravitational torques due to the interaction and subsequent merger transport cold molecular gas inwards, increasing the gas fraction without necessarily increasing star formation.

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Lisenfeld, U., L. Verdes-Montenegro, J. Sulentic, S. Leon, D. Espada, G. Bergond, E. García, J. Sabater, J. D. Santander-Vela, and S. Verley. "The Far-Infrared Properties of the Most Isolated Galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S235 (August 2006): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306006259.

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AbstractWe describe the mid- (MIR) and far- (FIR) infrared properties of a large (~1000) sample of the most isolated galaxies in the local Universe. This sample is intended as a “nurture-free” zero point against which more environmentally influenced samples can be compared. We reprocess IRAS MIR/FIR survey data using the ADDSCAN/SCANPI utility for 1030 out of 1050 galaxies from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG) as part of the AMIGA project. We focus on diagnostics (FIR luminosity LFIR, R = log(LFIR/LB) and IRAS colours) thought to be sensitive to effects of environment or interaction. The distribution of log(LFIR) is sharply peaked from 9.0–10.5 with very few (<2%) galaxies above 10.5. Review of available optical images of the most FIR luminous galaxies finds the majority to be, likely, interacting systems missed in our earlier morphological reevaluation. The optically normalised luminosity diagnostic R = log(LFIR/LB) shows a distribution sharply peaked between 0.0 and −1.0. These results were compared to the magnitude limited CfA sample that was selected without environmental discrimination. This modestly (e.g. compared to cluster, binary galaxy and compact group samples) environmentally affected sample shows significantly higher mean log(LFIR) and R, whereas the mean log(LB) is the same. Our sample shows a strong LFIR vs. LB correlation, with a slope steeper than one (LFIR ∝ L1.41B). Interacting galaxies were found above this correlation, showing an enhancement in LFIR. With respect to the IRAS colours, we found higher F60/F100 value for ellipticals and late-type galaxies than for spirals, indicating a higher dust temperature. The mean value of F60/F100 was found to be lower than for interacting samples from the literature. The results indicate that the FIR emission is a variable enhanced by interaction, and that our sample probably shows the lowest possible mean value. This attests to the utility of our sample for defining a nurture-free zero point. More details can be found in the paper (The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies, III. IRAS data and infrared diagnositics, U. Lisenfeld et al.) which is accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

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Kotarba, Hanna. "Magnetic Field Evolution in Isolated and Interacting Spiral Galaxies." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-131513.

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Privon, G. C., S. Stierwalt, D. R. Patton, G. Besla, S. Pearson, M. Putman, K. E. Johnson, N. Kallivayalil, and S. Liss. "A Widespread, Clumpy Starburst in the Isolated Ongoing Dwarf Galaxy Merger dm1647+21." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625751.

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Interactions between pairs of isolated dwarf galaxies provide a critical window into low-mass hierarchical, gas-dominated galaxy assembly and the build-up of stellar mass in low-metallicity systems. We present the first Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT/MUSE) optical integral field unit (IFU) observations of the interacting dwarf pair dm1647+21 selected from the TiNy Titans survey. The Ha emission is widespread and corresponds to a total unobscured star formation rate (SFR) of 0.44 M-circle dot yr(-1), which is 2.7 times higher than the SFR inferred from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. The implied specific SFR (sSFR) for the system is elevated by more than an order of magnitude above non-interacting dwarfs in the same mass range. This increase is dominated by the lower-mass galaxy, which has a sSFR enhancement of > 50. Examining the spatially resolved maps of classic optical line diagnostics, we find that the interstellar medium (ISM) excitation can be fully explained by star formation. The velocity field of the ionized gas is not consistent with simple rotation. Dynamical simulations indicate that the irregular velocity field and the stellar structure is consistent with the identification of this system as an ongoing interaction between two dwarf galaxies. The widespread, clumpy enhancements in the star formation in this system point to important differences in the effect of mergers on dwarf galaxies, compared to massive galaxies; rather than the funneling of gas to the nucleus and giving rise to a nuclear starburst, starbursts in low-mass galaxy mergers may be triggered by large-scale ISM compression, and thus may be more distributed.

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Reda, Fatma M. "Isolated elliptical galaxies." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/20857.

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Thesis (Ph.D) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Information & Communication Technologies, 2007.
A thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. Typescript. Bibliography p. 109-118.

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Huang, S. N. "Dynamics of interacting galaxies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378332.

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Zhu, Ming. "Molecular gas in interacting galaxies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58915.pdf.

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Cullen, H. E. "The physics of interacting galaxies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598207.

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This thesis investigates interacting galaxies using two complementary approaches: a statistical study of star formation in a large sample of close pairs of galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and a study of the ISM and star forming properties of a small sample of interacting pairs taken from Arp’s atlas, each comprising one early- and one late-type system (E+S pairs). The first part of this thesis investigates the effect of galaxy interaction on star formation using a large volume- and luminosity-limited sample of galaxies drawn from the SDSS. Star-formation rates were calculated from extinction and aperture corrected Hα luminosities and, for a subset of systems, IRAS data. The mean specific star-formation rate is found to be strongly enhanced for projected separations of less than 25 kpc. For late-type galaxies, the correlation extends out to projected separations of 300 kpc and is most pronounced in actively star-forming systems. The specific star-formation rate of observed to decrease with increasing recessional velocity difference, although the magnitude of this effect is small compared to that associated with the projected separation. No dependence of star formation enhancement on the morphological type or mass of the companion galaxy is observed. This second part of this thesis presents a study of the ISM and star forming properties of nine E+S pairs. Detailed case studies were undertaken for two of the pairs, Arp 140 and Arp 104, both of which display extended tidal tails in their H1 morphology. These two pairs differ markedly. Despite Arp 140’s relatively evolved interaction and weakly barred potential, NGC 275, the late-type component, has neither a molecular gas nor star formation distribution that is centrally condensed. Instead, the molecular gas and HII regions display an unusual anti-correlation.

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Marston, A. P. "Observational aspects of interacting galaxies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382762.

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Wright, G. S. "Infrared activity in interacting galaxies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46917.

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Naab, Thorsten. "Structure and dynamics of interacting galaxies." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961763744.

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Jonsson, Patrik. "Simulations of dust in interacting galaxies /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Books on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

1

Read, Andrew Michael. High energy emission from isolated and interacting spiral galaxies. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Zhu, Ming. Molecular gas in interacting galaxies. Toronto: Graduate Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, 2001.

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3

Colloquium, International Astronomical Union. Paired and interacting galaxies: International Astronomical Union Colloquium no. 124. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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John, Struck-Marcell Curtis, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Theoretical models of gas dymnamics in star formation in interacting ring galaxies: Final technical report. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Sulentic, J. W. Paired and interacting galaxies: International Astronomical Union Colloquium No. 124 : proceedings of a conference sponsored by the International Astronomical Union, the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and held at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, December 4-7, 1989. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1990.

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Colloquium, International Astronomical Union. Paired and interacting galaxies: Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the International Astronomical Union, the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and held at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, December 4-7, 1989. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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Colloquium, International Astronomical Union. Paired and interacting galaxies: Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, December 4-7, 1989. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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Galaxy wars: Stellar populations and star formation in interacting galaxies : proceedings of a conference held at East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA, 19-22 July 2009. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2010.

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The search for extended infrared emission near interacting and active galaxies. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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[IRAS high resolution studies and modeling of closely interacting galaxies: Galaxy collisions:infrared observations and analysis of numerical models and UV spectroscopy of massive young stellar populations in interacting galaxies]. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

1

Márquez, Isabel, Josefa Masegosa, Mariano Moles, Jesús Varela, Daniela Bettoni, and Giuseppe Galletta. "Isolated and Mildly Interacting Spiral Galaxies: Rotation Curves and Metallicities." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 417–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3315-1_80.

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Young, J. S. "Molecular Gas and Star Formation in Interacting And Isolated Galaxies." In Galaxy Interactions at Low and High Redshift, 217–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4665-4_54.

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Fuentes-Carrera, Isaura, Philippe Amram, and Margarita Rosado. "Dark Matter Haloes in Interacting Isolated Galaxy Pairs: The Importance of the Hα Rotation Curve." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 411–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_94.

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Valtonen, Mauri, Joanna Anosova, Konstantin Kholshevnikov, Aleksandr Mylläri, Victor Orlov, and Kiyotaka Tanikawa. "Interacting Galaxies." In The Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking, 117–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22726-9_6.

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Pisano, D. J., and Eric M. Wilcots. "Assembling Isolated Galaxies." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 545–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_132.

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Verdes-Montenegro, L., M. Sauvage, M. J. Sempere, J. Sulentic, and J. Cernicharo. "Are Isolated Galaxies Boring?" In The Evolution of Galaxies, 427–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_101.

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Davoust, E., Ph Prugniel, and J. Arnaud. "Interacting Pairs of Elliptical Galaxies." In The World of Galaxies, 348–50. New York, NY: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_50.

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Combes, F., and A. L. Melchior. "Chemodynamical Evolution of Interacting Galaxies." In The Evolution of Galaxies, 383–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3311-3_86.

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Noguchi, M. "Bar Formation in Interacting Galaxies." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 405–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2917-3_61.

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Mihos, Chris. "Modeling Starbursts in Interacting Galaxies." In Starburst Galaxies: Near and Far, 136–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56538-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

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Theis, Christian. "Starbursts in Isolated Galaxies?" In THE EVOLUTION OF STARBURSTS: The 331st Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Seminar. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2034967.

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Jonsson, Patrik. "Simulations of Dust in Interacting Galaxies." In THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF GAS-RICH GALAXIES: Confronting Models with Data; International Workshop. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1913946.

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Petsch, H. P., A. Ružička, Ch Theis, Victor P. Debattista, and C. C. Popescu. "Measuring Dark Matter by Modeling Interacting Galaxies." In HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3458540.

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Lewin, Walter H. G. "X-ray sources in globular clusters of other galaxies." In INTERACTING BINARIES: Accretion, Evolution, and Outcomes. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2130211.

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Mengel, Sabine, Matthew D. Lehnert, Niranjan A. Thatte, and Reinhard Genzel. "Dynamical masses of young star clusters in interacting galaxies." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by Puragra Guhathakurta. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.456511.

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Lisenfeld, U. "The Role of Environment in Triggering Starburst Galaxies: A Sample of Isolated Galaxies." In THE EVOLUTION OF STARBURSTS: The 331st Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Seminar. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2034968.

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SIMONICH, J. "Isolated and interacting round parallel heated jets." In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-281.

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FRANCO-BALDERAS, A., E. BENÍTEZ, and J. A. DE DIEGO. "STUDY OF STELLAR POPULATIONS IN INTERACTING SYSTEMS OF SBS GALAXIES." In Proceedings of the Guillermo Haro Conference 2003. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702432_0096.

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Stella, L. "Young Rotation-Powered Pulsars as Ultraluminous X-ray Sources in Star-Forming Galaxies." In INTERACTING BINARIES: Accretion, Evolution, and Outcomes. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2130265.

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Medoff, Jonah. "Searching for Dwarf Galaxies Satellites of Isolated, Low-Mass Hosts." In Searching for Dwarf Galaxies Satellites of Isolated, Low-Mass Hosts. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1993257.

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Reports on the topic "Interacting and isolated galaxies"

1

Chamovitz, Daniel A., and Zhenbiao Yang. Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699844.bard.

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This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome. The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.

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Clapham. L52206 3D Details of Defect-Induced MFL and Stress in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011358.

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The following report represents a continuation of our ongoing efforts to understand and quantify the effect of stress on MFL signals from oil and gas transmission line inspection tools. Earlier GRI funding has enabled us to develop an unprecedented understanding of stress effects on magnetic behaviour in pipeline steels, and this understanding is now further enhanced and applied to specific problems such as MFL signals from interacting defects and also MFL signals produced from mechanical damage. This report summarizes the result of the 2002 studies. These studies focused on 3 main areas: MFL signals from interacting defects � examined how magnetic behaviour is altered when two pits are sufficiently close that their stress and magnetization fields interact. This produces MFL signal effects that differ from those of isolated defects. MFL signal dependence on elastic, plastic and residual strain � this continues our fundamental investigation into stress effects. By combining applied uniaxial strain and stress-relief heat treatments, we have been able to show how magnetic behaviour and MFL signals respond to different types of deformation. Specifically, we have found the elastic deformation has a significant effect, but that plastic deformation does not. This is a fundamental result on which our further modeling and experimental studies are based. MFL signals from mechanical damage � this is the first year we have turned our attention to this specific area, however our earlier results have laid the groundwork for these studies. MFL signals from dents contain geometry and stress components. We have conducted experimental and finite element modeling studies of MFL signals from dented samples, and have shown that the MFL signal from shallow dents arises from the residual stress pattern, while severe dent signals are mainly related to dent geometry. This work forms the main part of a continuing study.

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Or, Etti, Tai-Ping Sun, Amnon Lichter, and Avichai Perl. Characterization and Manipulation of the Primary Components in Gibberellin Signaling in the Grape Berry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592649.bard.

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Seedless cultivars dominate the table grape industry. In these cultivars it is mandatory to apply gibberellin (GA) to stimulate berry development to a commercially acceptable size. These cultivars differ in their sensitivity to GA application, and it frequently results in adverse effects such as decreased bud fertility and increased fruit drop. Our long term goals are to (1) understand the molecular basis for the differential sensitivity and identify markers for selection of sensitive cultivars (2) to develop new strategies for targeted manipulation of the grape berry response to GA that will eliminate the need in GA application and the undesirable effects of GA on the vine, while maintaining its desirable effects on the berry. Both strategies are expected to reduce production cost and meet growing consumer demand for reduced use of chemicals. This approach relies on a comprehensive characterization of the central components in the GA signaling cascade in the berry. Several key components in the GA signaling pathway were identified in Arabidopsis and rice, including the GA receptors, GID1s, and a family of DELLA proteins that are the major negative regulators of the GA response. GA activates its response pathway by binding to GID1s, which then target DELLAs for degradation via interaction with SLY, a DELLA specific F-box protein. In grape, only one DELLA gene was characterized prior to this study, which plays a major role in inhibiting GA-promoted stem growth and GA-repressed floral induction but it does not regulate fruit growth. Therefore, we speculated that other DELLA family member(s) may control GA responses in berry, and their identification and manipulation may result in GA-independent berry growth. In the current study we isolated two additional VvDELLA family members, two VvGID1 genes and two VvSLY genes. Arabidopsis anti-AtRGA polyclonal antibodies recognized all three purified VvDELLA proteins, but its interaction with VvDELLA3 was weaker. Overexpression of the VvDELLAs, the VvGID1s, and the VvSLYs in the Arabidopsis mutants ga1-3/rga-24, gid1a-2/1c-2 and sly1-10, respectively, rescued the various mutant phenotypes. In vitro GAdependent physical interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and the VvGID1s, and GAindependent interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and VvSLYs. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 did not interact with VvGID1b. Together, the results indicate that the identified grape homologs serve as functional DELLA repressors, receptors and DELLA-interacting F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that (1) VvDELLA2 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues and was the most abundant (2) VvDELLA1 was low expressed in berries, confirming former study (3) Except in carpels and very young berries, VvDELLA3 levels were the lowest in most tissues. (4) Expression of both VvGID1s was detected in all the grape tissues, but VvGID1b transcript levels were significantly higher than VvGID1a. (5) In general, both VvDELLAs and VvGID1s transcripts levels increased as tissues aged. Unfertilized and recently fertilized carpels did not follow this trend, suggesting different regulatory mechanism of GA signaling in these stages. Characterization of the response to GA of various organs in three seedless cultivars revealed differential response of the berries and rachis. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 transcript levels in the GA-unresponsive berries of cv. Spring blush were significantly higher compared to their levels in the highly responsive berries of cv. Black finger. Assuming that VvDELLA2 and VvDELLA3 are regulating berry size, constructs carrying potential dominant mutations in each gene were created. Furthermore, constitutive silencing of these genes by mIR is underway, to reveal the effect of each gene on the berry phenotype.

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