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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Inter-tidal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Inter-tidal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Inter-tidal"

1

SATCHELL, JULIE. "Neolithic Archaeology in the Inter-Tidal Zone." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, no. 1 (March 2010): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00260_3.x.

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Iwama, G., and A. Todgham. "Cross-tolerance in an inter-tidal sculpin." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 150, no. 3 (July 2008): S155—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.401.

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Jeong, Shin Taek, Hongyeon Cho, and Dong Hui Ko. "Development of the Inter-tidal Exposure Duration Formulae Using Tidal Harmonic Constants." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 24, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9765/kscoe.2012.24.5.319.

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Donselaar, M. E., and C. R. Geel. "Facies architecture of heterolithic tidal deposits: the Holocene Holland Tidal Basin." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 86, no. 4 (December 2007): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001677460002360x.

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AbstractThe size, shape and spatial position of lithofacies types (or facies architecture) in a tidal estuarine basin are complex and therefore difficult to model. The tidal currents in the basin concentrate sand-sized sediment in a branching pattern of tidal channels and fringing tidal flats. Away from the sandy tidal flats the sediment gradually changes to mud-dominated heterolithic deposits and clay. In this paper the facies analysis of a tidal estuarine basin, the Holocene Holland Tidal Basin (HHTB) is presented based on core data and Cone Penetration Tests (CPT). Four lithofacies associations are recognized: (1) tidal channel sand, (2) sand-dominated heterolithic inter-tidal flat, (3) mud-dominated heterolithic inter-channel and (4) fresh-water peat. The high data density allowed for the construction of a detailed facies architecture model in which the size, shape and spatial position of the tidal estuarine facies elements were established. The results can be used to improve the reservoir modelling in highly heterogeneous estuarine reservoir settings.

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Couperthwaite, J. S., S. B. Mitchell, J. R. West, and D. M. Lawler. "Cohesive Sediment Dynamics on an Inter-tidal Bank on the Tidal Trent, UK." Marine Pollution Bulletin 37, no. 3-7 (March 1999): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00175-1.

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Caetano, M., M. Falcão, C. Vale, and M. J. Bebianno. "Tidal flushing of ammonium, iron and manganese from inter-tidal sediment pore waters." Marine Chemistry 58, no. 1-2 (October 1997): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(97)00035-2.

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Freeman, D. P., L. E. Coates, M. C. Ockenden, W. Roberts, and J. R. West. "Cohesive sediment transport on an inter-tidal zone under combined wave-tidal flow." Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 28, no. 3-4 (September 1994): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02334196.

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Wright, M. E., A. M. Abdelzaher, H. M. Solo-Gabriele, S. Elmir, and L. E. Fleming. "The inter-tidal zone is the pathway of input of enterococci to a subtropical recreational marine beach." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.255.

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Efforts were made to evaluate the source of enterococci levels at a recreational beach. Four monitoring efforts were implemented which included tidal studies, hourly sampling, runoff sampling, and spatially intensive sediment sampling. Spatially intensive sediment sampling indicated that enterococci concentrations consistently decreased away from the inter-tidal zone, both seaward and landward. During dry conditions, the highest concentrations in the water were observed during high tide (71±48 CFU/100 mL) and lower concentrations were observed during low tide (4±3 CFU/100 mL). Runoff was characterised by very high levels (11,700 CFU/100 mL). Results from these monitoring efforts collectively showed that the source of enterococci to the study beach is geographically located within the inter-tidal zone. Wash-in from the inter-tidal zone through tidal action and runoff plays a major role in controlling enterococci levels within the water column. Such results are significant in identifying the source and transport mechanisms of enterococci, which can subsequently be used as part of a modelling effort aimed at predicting enterococci levels at recreational beaches.

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Fitzsimons, MF, M. Dawit, DM Revitt, and C. Rocha. "Effects of early tidal inundation on the cycling of methylamines in inter-tidal sediments." Marine Ecology Progress Series 294 (2005): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps294051.

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Mao, Xinyan, Wensheng Jiang, Ping Zhang, and Shizuo Feng. "Numerical study on inter-tidal transports in coastal seas." Journal of Ocean University of China 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2016): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11802-016-2825-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inter-tidal"

1

Booth, Garry John. "Inter-tidal taphonomy : the transformation of archaeological occurences in the inter-tidal zone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392541.

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Frid, C. L. J. "Community ecology of inter-tidal invertebrate faunas." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380953.

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Bourne, Geoffrey S. "Actinide and fission product activity variations in inter-tidal marine macrophytes." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306854.

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Hart, Deirdre E. Physical Environmental &amp Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Eco-sedimentological environments of an inter-tidal reef platform, Warraber Island, Torres Strait." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38731.

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This thesis examines functional relationships between the morphologic, hydrodynamic, ecological and sedimentological characteristics of the Warraber reef platform, an inter-tidal reef island system, Central Torres Strait, Australia (10[degrees] 12??? S, 142 [degrees] 49??? E). Hydrodynamic and sediment-transport experiments were conducted on the reef flat using current meters, water level recorders and directional sediment traps. Results showed dominantly SE flows during the dry season and more variable NW to SE flows during the wet season. Topography and reefal water levels modulated the direction and strength of currents and the generation of wind-waves on the reef flat as well as the passage of waves over the reef rim. These hydrodynamic conditions are sufficient to induce significant transport of moderately fast to slow settling sediment (>-5.25 symbol psi) on the reef flat, though the platform as a whole is a relatively closed transport system. Carbonate production was estimated based on the key ecological variables of live assemblage distribution and cover. Overall, only 24% of the reef flat was occupied by carbonate-producing organisms. The average estimated carbonate-production rate for the reef was 1.6 kgm -2y-1 (0.07-4.37 kgm-2y-1). Production is dominated by coral (73%), with subordinate proportions contributed by coralline algae (19%). And molluscs, foraminifera and Halimeda (<4%) though actual reef-flat sediments did not reflect this potential. Instead, they were dominated by molluscs (35-55%), coralline algae (16-26%), coral (8-13%), Halimeda (7-8%) and foraminifera (5-10%). Differential rates of carbonate to sediment conversion meant the reef-platform sediments were more closely related to the cover of live organisms than to the contribution of carbonate production by each parent organism. The settling properties of the least altered particles of the five commonest constituents were measured and these provided the basis for an eco-sedimentological model of the reef-platform system. Modelled textures were compared to the actual textures, indicating the degree of textural alteration resulting from a combination of biological and physical processes, including sediment production, hydraulic sorting and mechanical breakdown. This analysis, integrated with the hydrodynamic, exposure and other data, was used to determine reef-platform surface-sediment sources, sinks and transport pathways. In using both the textual and constituent compositional properties of sediments, as well as information on local biological and physical processes, the model approach developed offers progress towards an integrative, interdisciplinary analysis of carbonate environments.

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Johnson, David Edward. "Conserving inter-tidal wetlands : a regional ecosystem-based approach to rehabilitation and recreation." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 1998. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/1274/.

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Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) depends on the recognition that benefits associated with healthy functioning (function benefits) of ecosystems are irreplaceable in ecological, geomorphological and social terms. A methodology for evaluating different inter-tidal wetlands on the basis of indicators representing their full range of functions is presented. Each inter-tidal wetland is attributed a function related score. These scores are region specific. Whilst they allow a ranking of inter-tidal wetland importance, they do not equate to economic value. A key advantage of this approach is that it quantifies the regional resource, and forms a basis upon which to consider the impact of future pressures and prioritise conservation actions. The methodology has been applied to the Solent and Poole Bay Marine Natural Area (MNA). The 13 inter-tidal wetlands within this region have been scored and ranked, highlighting the relative importance of the large inter-tidal wetlands of Poole, chichester and Langstone Harbours compared with the snmaller inter-tidal wetlands of the north shore of the Isle of Wight. The main challenges facing the conservation of this regional resource are evaluated and the cumulative impact/risk of key pressures is assessed. Lymington/Keyhaven and Southampton Water are considered to be the regional inter-tidal wetlands whose function benefits are most at risk over the next 20 years. A restoration target of 1200 ha of inter-tidal wetland is suggested for the MNA, with a recommendation that re-creation efforts should focus on Chichester Harbour. A detailed case study of the Lymington/Keyhaven inter-tidal wetland is presented. Technical rehabilitation solutions are suggested based on the synthesis of physical and ecological survey date. This research concludes that work to restore inter-tidal wetlands is urgently needed. Such work requires appropriate central Government funding together with a new mechanism, over and above existing compulstory purchase powers, to rationalize coastal landholdings. Investment should concentrate initially on the most easily rehabilitated and re-created sites, to offset the impact of natural forcing mechanisms associated with global environmental change. A role for environmental mediators in identified to raise the political and social acceptability of inter-tidal wetland restoration and a regional ecosystem-based approach is suggested as the best way forward

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Jessop, Rosalind Elinor, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The ecology of fish inhabiting the inter-tidal zone of Swan Bay, Victoria, Australia." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.121023.

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Swan Bay is a shallow marine embayment of Port Phillip Bay, just north of Queenscliff, Victoria. It has been part of the Harold Holt Marine Reserves since 1977 and is a seagrass habitat. This study investigated the species of fish present in the inter-tidal zone of Swan Bay, collected information on their ecology, investigated the importance of Swan Bay compared to Port Phillip Bay as a nursery and/or breeding area and compared these results with those of similar seagrsss habitats. Field work was carried out monthly over a two year period, from April 1981 to April 1983, using beach seine nets at Swan Bay and Portarlington. Forty four species of fish were identified from Swan Bay and nineteen from Portarlington. Fish were most abundant during the summer and autumn months when seagrass growth was at a maximum and least abundant during winter due to the absence of seasonal residents and decreased numbers of permanent residents. Swan Bay was found to be an important nursery ground for two commercially-caught species: the Yellow-eye Mullet and the King George Whiting. Juvenile Yellow-eye Mullet were more numerous in Swan Bay than at Portarlington. Smell juvenile King George Whiting were more abundant at Portarlington than in Swan Bay where older juveniles were more numerous. The fish fauna of Swan Bay was found to be similar to western Port but the abundance of species varied. Atherinosome microstoma was the dominant species in terms of abundance and biomass. Diet was found to be different from that reported by Robertson (1979) at Western Port due to the different range of prey items.

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Mellalieu, Simeon James. "Archaeology in the inter-tidal zone : models of lithostratigraphic resolution in relation to site preservation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266355.

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8

Mannino, Marcello Antonio. "Marine molluscs and human palaeoecology : a case study of the inter-tidal gastropod Monodonta lineata (Da Costa)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392287.

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9

Davies, Sarah B. "Vegetation Dynamics of a Tidal Freshwater Marsh: Long-Term and Inter-Annual Variability and their Relationship to Salinity." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617817.

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Thomson, Danielle, and n/a. "Arsenic and Selected Elements in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms,South-East Coast, NSW, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070521.120826.

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The cycling of arsenic in the marine photosynthetic plants and algae was examined by analysing total arsenic concentrations and arsenic species in selected marine photosynthetic organisms from the south-east coast, NSW, Australia. A range of elements required for metabolism in photosynthetic organisms were also analysed to determine if any relationship between these elements and arsenic concentrations occurred. Organisms were selected from salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems, marine inter-tidal and estuarine environments, and two species of marine phytoplankton cultured, to represent the different marine environments that primary producers inhabit. Organisms selected were compared to species within their own environment and then a comparison made between the varying ecosystems. In the salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems, the leaves of four species, the mangrove Avicennia marina, the samphire Sarcocornia quinqueflora, the seablight Suaeda australis, and the seagrass Posidonia australis were sampled from three locations from the south-east coast of NSW using nested sampling. Mean total arsenic concentrations (mean � sd) dry mass for all locations were A. marina (0.38 � 0.18 �g g-1 to 1.2 � 0.7 �g g-1), S. quinqueflora (0.13 � 0.06 �g g-1 to 0.46 � 0.22 �g g-1), S. australis (0.03 � 0.06 �g g-1 to 0.05 � 0.03 �g g-1)and P. australis (0.34 � 0.10 �g g-1 to 0.65 � 0.26 �g g-1). Arsenic concentrations were significantly different between species and locations but were consistently low compared to marine macroalgae species. Significant relationships between As and Fe concentrations for A. marina, S. quinqueflora and P. australis and negative relationship between As and Zn concentrations for S. quinqueflora could partially explain arsenic concentrations in these species. No relationship between As and P concentrations were found in this study. All terrestrial species contained predominantly inorganic arsenic in the water extractable and residue fractions with minor concentrations of DMA in the water-soluble fraction. P. australis also contained dimethylated glycerol and phosphate arsenoriboses. The presence of arsenobetaine, arsenocholine and trimethylated glycerol arsonioribose is most likely due to the presence of epiphytes on fronds on P. australis. In contrast, macroalgae contained higher total arsenic concentrations compared to marine terrestrial angiosperms. Total arsenic concentrations also varied between classes of algae: red macroalgae 4.3 �g g-1 to 24.7 �g g-1, green macroalgae 8.0 �g g-1 to 11.0 �g g-1 and blue green algae 10.4 �g g-1 and 18.4 �g g-1. No significant relations were found between As concentrations and concentrations of Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Mg, P and Zn concentrations, elements that are required by macroalgae for photosynthesis and growth. Distinct differences between algal classes were found for the proportion of arsenic species present in the lipid and water-soluble fractions, with green algae having a higher proportion of As in lipids than red or estuarine algae. Acid hydrolysis of the lipid extract revealed DMA, glycerol arsenoribose and TMA based arsenolipids. Within water-soluble extracts, red and blue-green algae contained a greater proportion of arsenic as inorganic and simple methylated arsenic species compared to green algae, which contained predominantly glycerol arsenoribose. Arsenobetaine, arsenocholine and tetramethylarsonium was also present in water-soluble extracts but is not normally identified with macroalgae and is again likely due to the presence of attached epiphytes. Residue extracts contained predominantly inorganic arsenic, most likely associated with insoluble constituents of the cell. Mean arsenic concentrations in the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta were 13.3 �g g-1 to 14.5 �g g-1, which is similar to arsenic concentrations found in green macroalgae in this study. Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum arsenic concentrations were 1.62 �g g-1 to 2.08 �g g-1. Varying the orthophosphate concentrations had little effect on arsenic uptake of microalgae. D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum metabolised arsenic, forming simple methylated arsenic species and arsenic riboses. The ratio of phosphate to glycerol arsenoriboses was higher than that normally found in green macroalgae. The hydrolysed lipid fraction contained DMA arsenolipid (16-96%) with minor proportions of phosphate arsenoribose (4-23%). D. tertiolecta at f/10 phosphate concentration, however, contained glycerol arsenoribose and another arsenic lipid with similar retention as TMAO as well as DMA. The similarities between arsenic species in the water-soluble hydrolysed lipids and water-soluble extracts, especially for P. tricornutum, suggests that cells readily bind arsenic within lipids, either for membrane structure or storage, releasing arsenic species into the cytosol as degradation of lipids occurs. Inorganic arsenic was sequestered into insoluble components of the cell. Arsenic species present in D. tertiolecta at lower phosphate concentrations (f/10) were different to other phosphate concentrations (f/2, f/5), and require further investigation to determine whether this is a species-specific response as a result of phosphate deficiency. Although there are similarities in arsenic concentrations and arsenic species in marine photosynthetic organisms, it is evident that response to environmental concentrations of arsenic in uncontaminated environments is dependent on the mode of transfer from the environment, the influence of other elements in arsenic uptake and the ability of the organism to metabolise and sequester inorganic arsenic within the cell. It is not scientifically sound to generalise on arsenic metabolism in �marine plants� when species and the ecosystem in which they exist may influence the transformation of arsenic in higher marine organisms. There is no evidence to suggest that angiosperms produce AB as arsenic is mostly present as inorganic As, with little or no arsenic present in the lipids. However, marine macro- and microalgae both contain lipids with arsenic moieties that may be precursors for AB transformation. Specifically, the presence of TMA and dimethylated arsenoribose based arsenolipids both can transform to AB via intermediates previously identified in marine organisms. Further identification and characterization of As containing lipids is required.

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Books on the topic "Inter-tidal"

1

Frid, C. L. J. Community ecology of inter-tidal invertebrate faunas. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1988.

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2

P, Weerakkody, and IUCN Sri Lanka, eds. A biodiversity status profile of sub-tidal and inter-tidal habitats of the Rekawa, Ussangoda, and Kalametiya area. Colombo: IUCN, Sri Lanka, 2004.

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Spencer, Kate Louise. The recent geochemistry of the inter-tidal sediments of the Medway Estuary, Kent, UK. [University of Greenwich], 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Inter-tidal"

1

Cheng, Ralph T., Shizuo Feng, and Pangen Xi. "On Inter-Tidal Transport Equation." In Estuarine Circulation, 133–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4562-9_7.

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Ledgerwood, F. K., and R. A. Larmour. "Correlation Between Particle Size and Radioactivity in Inter-Tidal Sediments in Northern Ireland." In Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes, 379. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3686-0_55.

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Bayón, María Cristina, and Gustavo G. Politis. "The Inter-Tidal Zone Site of La Olla: Early–Middle Holocene Human Adaptation on the Pampean Coast of Argentina." In Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf, 115–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9635-9_7.

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Schmidt, Sabine. "A 14-Year Multi-sites and High-Frequency Monitoring of Salinity in the Tidal Garonne River (S-W France) Reveals Marked Inter-annual Variability in Marine Intrusion." In Springer Water, 3–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2081-5_1.

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"brackish (inter)tidal flat soil." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 159. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_22984.

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Sebire, Heather. "Les Pierres de Mémoire: The Life History of Two Statue-Menhirs from Guernsey, Channel Islands." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0014.

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Many prehistoric monuments survive in the landscape and are revered by later generations but there is a special category of artefacts and monuments that reﬂect images of ourselves, sometimes with just faces and sometimes as life-size human ﬁgures. On Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, just off the north-west coast of France, two statuemenhirs or standing stones survive that appear to represent female ﬁgures, although the form of the stones themselves may have masculine traits also. Guernsey is the most westerly of the Channel Islands and so it is particularly surprising that these exceptional human representations should be found there (Kinnes 1995). The menhirs have witnessed a long history and have been reﬁgured in modern times possibly in an attempt to Christianize them. One has even been given the local nickname of the ‘Grand Mere’, implying a benign maternal presence. Guernsey is one of a group of small islands that lie strategically placed in the western Channel off the northern coast of France, collectively known as the Channel Islands. The islands of Alderney, Sark, Herm, Lihou and Jethou are part of its Bailiwick, but the largest island of Jersey is independent. Guernsey is positioned some 50 kilometres off the western coast of the Cotentin peninsula of Normandy in France and 120 kilometres from mainland Britain. The Bay of Saint Malo, in which Guernsey and the other Channel Islands are situated, has a very large tidal range due to its position and currents. As a result of this, the inter-tidal zone is extensive. Guernsey is 7.5 kilometres at its widest point and 14 kilometres long, with an area of about 63 square kilometres. This area increases at low tide by some 11 square kilometres. As the great French novelist Victor Hugo famously said, . . . The Channel Islands are fragments of France that fell into the sea and were gathered up by England [ ... ] Of the four islands, Sark, the smallest, is the most beautiful; Jersey, the largest, is the prettiest; Guernsey, wild and charming shares their characteristics. (Hugo 1839, v) . . .

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Conference papers on the topic "Inter-tidal"

1

Myers, L. E., B. Keogh, and A. S. Bahaj. "Experimental investigation of inter-array wake properties in early tidal turbine arrays." In OCEANS 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2011.6107150.

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Wang, Rui-Rong, Xu Zeng, Cui-Fei Xu, Guo-Wen Zhang, Ying-Hong Sun, and Yi Liu. "An Improved Inter-frame Difference Algorithm and its Application on Tidal Bore Video Auto Detection." In 2014 International Conference on Future Computer and Communication Engineering (ICFCCE 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icfcce-14.2014.21.

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Small, Andrew A., Greg K. Cook, and Michael J. Brown. "The Geotechnical Challenges of Tidal Turbine Projects." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23892.

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Tidal energy projects offer a predictable renewable energy source. Therefore several sites around the coast of the United Kingdom (UK) have been identified to have the potential to host multiple array turbine developments that could be used to generate upwards of 100MW each. However, the high tidal energy environment required to provide the input to tidal power devices present a combination of design and installation challenges to developers and engineers. Whilst the water depths are comparable to offshore oil and gas projects in the southern North Sea, tidal energy projects present significantly different seabed and associated geotechnical challenges that require novel solutions. Concerns have been expressed regarding the design of turbine base structures, which is often based upon typical nearshore/offshore soil sampling and geotechnical laboratory testing techniques that are often inappropriate for the seabed materials encountered. This issue is further compounded by the design constraints imposed on the base structure foundations (e.g. tripod gravity base structures). These include strict leveling tolerances required for efficient turbine operation, and which require a detailed understanding of seabed bathymetry at each turbine location where multiple seabed contact points may be required. In addition to the tidal energy turbines, inter-array cables that connect the turbines and export cable routes which distribute the power to shore also present their own design and installation challenges. It is often overlooked, but significant uncertainty lies in the definition of cable corridors with respect to the seabed materials. In many cases burial may be considered as a means of product protection where seabed conditions allow. This paper aims to examine the geotechnical issues associated with the difficult seabed and environmental conditions present at typical tidal turbine sites in the UK and globally in an attempt to offer some potential solutions. These issues typically include; difficulties in performing site investigation operations, coarse mobile seabed sediments, challenging seabed topography, exposed bedrock and hard substrates, derivation of appropriate geotechnical parameters, difficulties in foundation design and installation, high cyclic environmental loading, array and export cable lay, on-bottom stability and mechanical protection, amongst others.

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Blunden, Luke S., William M. J. Batten, and ‘Bakr S. Bahaj. "Comparing Energy Yields From Fixed and Yawing Horizontal Axis Marine Current Turbines in the English Channel." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57763.

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At some sites with high tidal stream velocities there is an appreciable change in flow direction (‘swing’) away from 180 degrees between the two maxima of flow speed. In order to assess the performance of horizontal axis marine current turbines in non rectilinear currents, measurements of a model rotor have been made in a towing tank. Curve fits have been calculated as a function of the cosine of the yaw angle squared and the thrust as cosine of the yaw angle. The curve fits have been used in a case study to investigate the impact of fixed-orientation or yawing rotor designs on average annual energy output, at three locations in the English Channel. All three sites are of the type where flow is accelerated around a headland or cape, but their tidal streams vary in deviation from rectilinearity. For two of the sites — Portland Bill (Dorset, UK), Race of Alderney (Alderney, Channel Islands/Normandy, France) and St. Catherine’s Point (Isle of Wight, UK) — available data consisted of tidal stream diamonds printed on Admiralty navigational charts. These rely on local tidal elevations for interpolation of tidal streams. At the other site — St. Catherine’s Point, Isle of Wight, Hampshire — current meter measurements of duration one month were available from the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) at the location of a tidal diamond, allowing a direct tidal analysis. For the three sites, the available data were analyzed into harmonic constituents and then extrapolated into the future. For each year’s worth of predictions, the cubed speeds as a function of time were sorted into bins to form a histogram. The annual power output for each design of turbine was then calculated using the known performance at each value of cubed speed. This process was repeated for each year over an 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle in order to ascertain the inter-annual variation in power output.

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Døssing, A., G. Martelet, T. Mack Rasmussen, E. Gloaguen, E. Lima Simões da Silva, and J. Linde. "A Multidisciplinary UAV- and Ground-Geophysical Mapping of Complex Mineralisations in an Inter-Tidal Coastal Zone, Brittany (France)." In NSG2020 3rd Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202020146.

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Hariprasad, V., S. Neelamani, and R. Sundaravadivelu. "Wave Slamming Forces on Horizontal Circular Cylinders in Intertidal Zone." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51074.

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Wave forces on slender horizontal and vertical cylinders are normally estimated using Morison equation (1950). When a cylinder is near the free surface, it experiences the slamming force. Wave slamming on horizontal cylinders of any ocean structure is crucial to its design. API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD (2000) recommends slamming coefficient Cs equal to π for circular cross sectional cylinders near the still water level. The shape of the member (circular, rectangular or square) is also expected to alter the values of Cs. The horizontal cylinders in the inter tidal zone for Port craft jetties are subjected not only to slamming force in the vertical direction but also to berthing force in the horizontal direction. If two cylinders are kept in close spacing, then the load on both cylinders will differ compared to force on a single cylinder. The effect of tidal variation on slamming forces needs thorough investigation. The comparison of single circular cylinder and twin circular cylinder with a clear spacing equal to diameter of cylinder in regular waves is discussed in this paper.

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Schindler, Rob, Sean Comber, and Andrew Manning. "METAL POLLUTANT PATHWAYS IN COHESIVE COASTAL CATCHMENTS: INFLUENCE OF FLOCCULATION ON PARTITIONING AND FLUX." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/09.

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Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) dispersed within catchments from land-based sources pose serious, long-term threats to aquatic ecology and human health. Their chemical state or form affects the potential for transportation and bioavailability and ultimate environmental fate. PTMs are transported either as (1) particulates adsorbed onto sediments, or 2) solutes in groundwater and open channel flow. Cohesive sediment occupies a major part of the world’s coastlines. PTMs are readily sorbed onto clay/silt and consequently particulate-borne PTMs dominate in estuaries and coastal waters. Sediments also represent a considerable ‘sink’ of contaminants which can be periodically remobilized. The role of suspended particulates in the uptake, release, and transport of heavy metals is thus a crucial link in understanding PTM dispersion in these environments. Cohesive sediment is subject to flocculation which dictates the behaviour of suspended sediment. PTM partitioning, flocculation and particulate-borne PTM dynamics are spatially and temporally variable in response to a complex array of inter-related physical and chemical factors exhibited within tidal catchments. However, knowledge of the dispersion and accumulation of both particulate and soluble forms of PTMs within cohesive coastal catchments is limited by little understanding of the association of PTMs with flocculated sediments and their subsequent deposition. This study investigates the influence of changing hydrodynamics and salinities to reveal the partitioning coefficients (Kp) and PTM settling flux (PTMSF) for different spatial and temporal locations within an idealized mesotidal catchment. The data show that the ratio of soluble and particulate-borne PTMs are dependent on salinity and flocculation, and that PTMSF is dependent upon partitioning and flocculation dynamics. Kp is largely dictated by salinity, but floc size and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) are also influential, particular for PTMs with low chloride complexation and in freshwater. PTMSF is a function of Kp, floc size and settling velocity and varies by up to 3 orders of magnitude in response to changing environmental conditions. Findings will improve our ability to predict and monitor contaminant transport for PTMs generated by industries such as agriculture, mining, fisheries, aquaculture & marine engineers. They can be incorporated in existing decision making tools, and help improve numerical modelling parameteristion, to maintain environmental quality standards and limit the impacts of bioavailability of metals in aquatic environment.

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