Journal articles: 'Inter-subject correlation'

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Kauppi, Jukka-Pekka, Juha Pajula, Jari Niemi, Riitta Hari, and Jussi Tohka. "Functional brain segmentation using inter-subject correlation in fMRI." Human Brain Mapping 38, no. 5 (March 10, 2017): 2643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23549.

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Pajula, Juha, and Jussi Tohka. "Effects of spatial smoothing on inter-subject correlation based analysis of FMRI." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 32, no. 9 (November 2014): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2014.06.001.

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Pajula, Juha, Jukka-Pekka Kauppi, and Jussi Tohka. "Inter-Subject Correlation in fMRI: Method Validation against Stimulus-Model Based Analysis." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 8, 2012): e41196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041196.

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Wang, Haoran, Yaoru Sun, Fang Wang, Lei Cao, Wei Zhou, Zijian Wang, and Shiyi Chen. "Cross-Subject Assistance: Inter- and Intra-Subject Maximal Correlation for Enhancing the Performance of SSVEP-Based BCIs." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 29 (2021): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2021.3057938.

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Chen, Gang, Paul A. Taylor, Yong-Wook Shin, Richard C. Reynolds, and Robert W. Cox. "Untangling the relatedness among correlations, Part II: Inter-subject correlation group analysis through linear mixed-effects modeling." NeuroImage 147 (February 2017): 825–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.029.

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Niu, Jinpeng, Weifang Cao, Liangfeng Kuang, Xiaotong Zhang, Li Dong, Jie Yang, Jianfeng Qiu, and Qing Jiao. "Age-Related Alteration of Inter-Subject Functional Correlation Within DMN During Movie Watching." International Journal of Psychophysiology 168 (October 2021): S177—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.490.

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Thiede, A., E. Glerean, T. Kujala, and L. Parkkonen. "Atypical MEG inter-subject correlation during listening to continuous natural speech in dyslexia." NeuroImage 216 (August 2020): 116799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116799.

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Gao, Jiaqi, Gang Chen, Jinfeng Wu, Yinshan Wang, Yang Hu, Ting Xu, Xi-Nian Zuo, and Zhi Yang. "Reliability map of individual differences reflected in inter-subject correlation in naturalistic imaging." NeuroImage 223 (December 2020): 117277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117277.

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Chen, Gang, Yong-Wook Shin, Paul A. Taylor, Daniel R. Glen, Richard C. Reynolds, Robert B. Israel, and Robert W. Cox. "Untangling the relatedness among correlations, part I: Nonparametric approaches to inter-subject correlation analysis at the group level." NeuroImage 142 (November 2016): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.023.

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Chen, Gang, Paul A. Taylor, Xianggui Qu, Peter J. Molfese, Peter A. Bandettini, Robert W. Cox, and Emily S. Finn. "Untangling the relatedness among correlations, part III: Inter-subject correlation analysis through Bayesian multilevel modeling for naturalistic scanning." NeuroImage 216 (August 2020): 116474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116474.

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Rahmawati, Atiek Driana, Iwa Sutardjo Rus Sudarso, Dibyo Pramono, and Eggi Arguni. "Correlation between age and dental arch dimension of Javanese children." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 53, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i2.p93-98.

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Background: Dental arch form and dimension are fundamental factors in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Its dimension will increase, due to the eruption of teeth, and is also affected by ethnicity, nutrition, systemic disease, hormonal factors, and gender. Many teeth are erupting in 8–10-year-old children. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation between age and dental arch dimension of Javanese children in good nutritional status for consideration of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 66 children aged 8–10 years in a normal dentoskeletal relationship, grouped based on age as the subject. Each group consisted of 22 pairs of dental study models, male and female. Anterior and posterior size of dental arch length were measured by digital sliding calipers from the midpoint between the right and left permanent central incisors perpendicular to the inter-canines and inter-molars. The width was measured at the inter-canines and inter-molars. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed that there were significant correlations between age and maxillary dental arch lengths (p = 0.01, r = 0.31 for anterior, and p = 0.043, r = 0.249 for posterior). Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between age and dental arch length of 8–10-year-old Javanese children in good nutritional status, especially in maxillary dental arch length.

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Barwick, Tara, Matthew Orton, Dow Mu Koh, Martin Kaiser, Andrea Rockall, Nina Tunariu, Matthew Blackledge, and Christina Messiou. "Repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient and fat fraction measurement of focal myeloma lesions on whole body magnetic resonance imaging." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1120 (April 1, 2021): 20200682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200682.

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Objective: To assess intra- and inter-reader variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) measurement in focal myeloma bone lesions and the influence of lesion size. Methods: 22 myeloma patients with focal active disease on whole body MRI were included. Two readers outlined a small (5–10 mm) and large lesion (>10 mm) in each subject on derived ADC and FF maps; one reader performed this twice. Intra- and inter-reader agreement for small and large lesion groups were calculated for derived statistics from each map using within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation, interclass correlation coefficient measures, and visualized with Bland–Altman plots. Results: For mean ADC, intra- and inter-reader repeatability demonstrated equivalently low coefficient of variation (3.0–3.6%) and excellent interclass correlation coefficient (0.975–0.982) for both small and large lesions. For mean FF, intra- and inter-reader repeatability was significantly poorer for small lesions compared to large lesions (intra-reader within-subject standard variation estimate is 2.7 times higher for small lesions than large lesions (p = 0.0071), and for inter-reader variations is 3.8 times higher (p = 0.0070)). Conclusion: There is excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement for mean ADC estimates, even for lesions as small as 5 mm. For FF measurements, there is a significant increase in coefficient of variation for smaller lesions, suggesting lesions >10 mm should be selected for lesion FF measurement. Advances in knowledge: ADC measurements of focal myeloma have excellent intra- and inter-reader agreement. FF measurements are more susceptible to lesion size as intra- and inter-reader agreement is significantly impaired in lesions less than 10 mm.

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Pajula, Juha, and Jussi Tohka. "How Many Is Enough? Effect of Sample Size in Inter-Subject Correlation Analysis of fMRI." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2094601.

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Inter-subject correlation (ISC) is a widely used method for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired during naturalistic stimuli. A challenge in ISC analysis is to define the required sample size in the way that the results are reliable. We studied the effect of the sample size on the reliability of ISC analysis and additionally addressed the following question: How many subjects are needed for the ISC statistics to converge to the ISC statistics obtained using a large sample? The study was realized using a large block design data set of 130 subjects. We performed a split-half resampling based analysis repeatedly sampling two nonoverlapping subsets of 10–65 subjects and comparing the ISC maps between the independent subject sets. Our findings suggested that with 20 subjects, on average, the ISC statistics had converged close to a large sample ISC statistic with 130 subjects. However, the split-half reliability of unthresholded and thresholded ISC maps improved notably when the number of subjects was increased from 20 to 30 or more.

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Kotwani, Seema, D. N. Bid, Dinesh Ghatamaneni, Khalid A. Alahmari, Thangamani Ramalingam, and S. Paul Silvian. "Determining the reliability of craniocervical flexion test in asymptomatic individuals." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 38, no. 01 (June 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101370251850004x.

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Background: The inter-rater reliability of the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) has not been established. Objective: To investigate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the CCFT in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: Sixty asymptomatic subjects were randomly selected for the study. The CCFT was measured on each subject by two testers for inter-rater reliability and by one of the testers after a gap of seven days for the intra-rater reliability. Before testing, the participants were trained for the movement and compensations were corrected. Results: The CCFT has high inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] 0.907, standard error of mean [Formula: see text] 0.735) and high intra-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] 0.986, standard error of mean [Formula: see text] 0.287). A Bland & Altman limits of agreement analysis has confirmed the high inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of the test. Conclusion: The CCFT has high inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities in asymptomatic subjects.

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Tei, Shisei, Jukka-Pekka Kauppi, Junya Fujino, Kathryn F. Jankowski, Ryosaku Kawada, Toshiya Murai, and Hidehiko Takahashi. "Inter-subject correlation of temporoparietal junction activity is associated with conflict patterns during flexible decision-making." Neuroscience Research 144 (July 2019): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2018.07.006.

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Kim, Sunghan, Xiao Hu, David McArthur, Robert Hamilton, Marvin Bergsneider, Thomas Glenn, Neil Martin, and Paul Vespa. "Inter-Subject Correlation Exists Between Morphological Metrics of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Intracranial Pressure Pulses." Neurocritical Care 14, no. 2 (December 7, 2010): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-010-9471-x.

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Lariviere, Ophelie, Thomas Provot, Laura Valdes-Tamayo, Maxime Bourgain, and Delphine Chadefaux. "Force Pattern and Acceleration Waveform Repeatability of Amateur Runners." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049136.

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Although accelerometers’ responses during running are not perfectly understood, they are widely used to study performance and the risk of injury. To outline the typical tibial acceleration pattern during running, this study aims to investigate the repeatability of acceleration signals with respect to the ground reaction force waveforms. Ten amateur runners were asked to perform ten trials along a straight line. One participant was asked to perform this protocol over ten sessions. Tibial accelerations and ground reaction forces were measured during the stance phase. The coefficient of multiple correlation R was computed to study the intra- and inter-test and subject repeatability of accelerometric and force waveforms. A good (R>0.8) intra- and inter-test repeatability was observed for all measured signals. Similar results were observed for intra-subject repeatability. A good inter-subject repeatability was observed only for the longitudinal acceleration and vertical and antero-posterior forces. Typical accelerometric signatures were outlined for each case studied.

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Lee, Kyung Jin, Hyeran Helen Jeon, Normand Boucher, and Chun-Hsi Chung. "Transverse Analysis of Maxilla and Mandible in Adults with Normal Occlusion: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040100.

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Objectives: To study the transverse widths of maxilla and mandible and their relationship with the inclination of first molars. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six untreated adults (12 males, 44 females) with normal occlusion were included. On each Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) image of the subject, inter-buccal and inter-lingual bone widths were measured at the levels of hard palate, alveolar crest and furcation of the first molars, and maxillomandibular width differentials were calculated. In addition, the buccolingual inclination of each first molar was measured and its correlation with the maxillomandibular width differential was tested. Results: At the furcation level of the first molar, the maxillary inter-buccal bone width was more than the mandibular inter-buccal bone width by 1.1 ± 4.5 mm for males and 1.6 ± 2.9 mm for females; the mandibular inter-lingual bone width was more than the maxillary inter-lingual bone width by 1.3 ± 3.6 mm for males and 0.3 ± 3.2 mm for females. For females, there was a negative correlation between the maxillomandibular inter-lingual bone differential and maxillary first molar buccal inclination (p < 0.05), and a positive correlation between the maxillomandibular inter-lingual bone differential and mandibular first molar lingual inclination (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This is a randomized clinical study on transverse analysis of maxilla and mandible in adults with normal occlusion using CBCTs. On average: (1) At the furcation level of the first molars, the maxillary inter-buccal bone width was slightly wider than mandibular inter-buccal bone width; whereas the mandibular inter-lingual bone width was slightly wider than maxillary inter-lingual bone width; (2) A statistically significant correlation existed between the maxillomandibular transverse skeletal differentials and molar inclinations.

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Schissler, A. Grant, Walter W. Piegorsch, and Yves A. Lussier. "Testing for differentially expressed genetic pathways with single-subject N-of-1 data in the presence of inter-gene correlation." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 27, no. 12 (May 29, 2017): 3797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280217712271.

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Modern precision medicine increasingly relies on molecular data analytics, wherein development of interpretable single-subject (“N-of-1”) signals is a challenging goal. A previously developed global framework, N-of-1- pathways, employs single-subject gene expression data to identify differentially expressed gene set pathways in an individual patient. Unfortunately, the limited amount of data within the single-subject, N-of-1 setting makes construction of suitable statistical inferences for identifying differentially expressed gene set pathways difficult, especially when non-trivial inter-gene correlation is present. We propose a method that exploits external information on gene expression correlations to cluster positively co-expressed genes within pathways, then assesses differential expression across the clusters within a pathway. A simulation study illustrates that the cluster-based approach exhibits satisfactory false-positive error control and reasonable power to detect differentially expressed gene set pathways. An example with a single N-of-1 patient’s triple negative breast cancer data illustrates use of the methodology.

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Zhu, Hong, Song Zhang, and Chul Ahn. "Sample size considerations for split-mouth design." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 6 (August 24, 2015): 2543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215601137.

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Split-mouth designs are frequently used in dental clinical research, where a mouth is divided into two or more experimental segments that are randomly assigned to different treatments. It has the distinct advantage of removing a lot of inter-subject variability from the estimated treatment effect. Methods of statistical analyses for split-mouth design have been well developed. However, little work is available on sample size consideration at the design phase of a split-mouth trial, although many researchers pointed out that the split-mouth design can only be more efficient than a parallel-group design when within-subject correlation coefficient is substantial. In this paper, we propose to use the generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach to assess treatment effect in split-mouth trials, accounting for correlations among observations. Closed-form sample size formulas are introduced for the split-mouth design with continuous and binary outcomes, assuming exchangeable and “nested exchangeable” correlation structures for outcomes from the same subject. The statistical inference is based on the large sample approximation under the GEE approach. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite-sample performance of the GEE sample size formulas. A dental clinical trial example is presented for illustration.

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Chen, Gang, Yong Wook Shin, Paul A. Taylor, Daniel R. Glen, Richard C. Reynolds, Robert B. Israel, and Robert W. Cox. "Corrigendum to “Untangling the relatedness among correlations, Part I: Nonparametric approaches to inter-subject correlation analysis at the group level” [Neuroimage (in press)]." NeuroImage 145 (January 2017): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.021.

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Field, Timothy R., and Robert J. A. Tough. "Coupled dynamics of populations supported by discrete sites and their continuum limit." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2121 (April 29, 2010): 2561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0049.

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The illumination of single population behaviour subject to the processes of birth, death and immigration has provided a basis for the discussion of the non-Gaussian statistical and temporal correlation properties of scattered radiation. As a first step towards the modelling of its spatial correlations, we consider the populations supported by an infinite chain of discrete sites, each subject to birth, death and immigration and coupled by migration between adjacent sites. To provide some motivation, and illustrate the techniques we will use, the migration process for a single particle on an infinite chain of sites is introduced and its diffusion dynamics derived. A certain continuum limit is identified and its properties studied via asymptotic analysis. This forms the basis of the multi-particle model of a coupled population subject to single site birth, death and immigration processes, in addition to inter-site migration. A discrete rate equation is formulated and its generating function dynamics derived. This facilitates derivation of the equations of motion for the first- and second-order cumulants, thus generalizing the earlier results of Bailey through the incorporation of immigration at each site. We present a novel matrix formalism operating in the time domain that enables solution of these equations yielding the mean occupancy and inter-site variances in the closed form. The results for the first two moments at a single time are used to derive expressions for the asymptotic time-delayed correlation functions, which relates to Glauber’s analysis of an Ising model. The paper concludes with an analysis of the continuum limit of the birth–death–immigration–migration process in terms of a path integral formalism. The continuum rate equation and evolution equation for the generating function are developed, from which the evolution equation of the mean occupancy is derived, in this limit. Its solution is provided in closed form.

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Merino, Jordi, Sarah Berry, Sajaysurya Ganesh, Joan Capdevila, David Drew, Elco Bakker, Jonathan Wolf, et al. "Precision Nutrition and Reliability of Continuous Glucose Monitors: Insights From the PREDICT Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab041_028.

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Abstract Objectives The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) provides a more in-depth characterization of glycemic variation in response to environmental stimuli, but concerns about CGM reliability for categorizing glycemic responses to foods and meals exist. We sought to evaluate the concordance and reliability of two simultaneously worn CGM devices on postprandial glycemic responses. Methods We examined the correlation and coefficient of variation of the 2h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for 21,527 standardized and ad libitum meals consumed by 368 healthy participants from the PREDICT-1 Study. Included participants were simultaneously monitored with either two Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro devices (n = 339, same device group) or the combination of Abbott Freestyle Libre Pro and Dexcom G6 devices (n = 29, inter device group). Within-subject 2 h iAUC glucose meal rankings for paired CGM devices were assessed using the Kendal-tau measure for ranking concordance. Results The correlation coefficient of the 2 h glucose iAUC for paired CGM devices was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96 to 0.97) for same device comparisons and 0.78 (0.76 to 0.80) for inter device comparisons. The coefficient of variation of the 2 h glucose iAUC for standardized meals was 5.1% (interquartile range, 2.2 to 10.1) for same device comparisons and 15.1% (5.9 to 31.2) for inter device comparisons. Similar results were observed for ad libitum meals with same and inter device coefficients of variation of 8.9% (3.3 to 21.3) and 24.2% (10.2 to 53.1%), respectively. Meal rankings for the 2 h glucose iAUC were concordant between paired CGM devices, with a mean Kendall rank correlation coefficient of 0.86 (sd = 0.07) for same device comparisons and 0.63 (sd = 0.011) for inter device comparisons. Conclusions These data provide evidence for repeatability and concordance for ranking of glycemic responses, and suggest that factors other than CGM sensors mostly drive within-subject meal categorization. Our findings are critical for identifying sources of variability in glycemic responses for the eventual implementation of precision nutrition. Funding Sources Zoe Global, UK Government Department of Health and Social Care, Wellcome Trust. National Institutes of Health.

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Wedege, Pia, Kathrin Steffen, Vegard Strøm, and Arve Isak Opheim. "Reliability of three-dimensional kinematic gait data in adults with spinal cord injury." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831772999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317729992.

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Objectives Three-dimensional gait analysis has been recommended as part of standardized gait assessment in people with spinal cord injury. The aim was to investigate inter- and intra-session reliabilities of gait kinematics in people with spinal cord injury. Methods Fifteen adults with spinal cord injury performed two test sessions on separate days. Six infrared cameras, 16 reflective markers and the Plug-in gait model were used. For each subject, five gait trials from both sessions were included. The Gait Profile Score and the Gait Variable Score were used as kinematic outcome measures. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and Bland–Altman plots. Results Inter-session intraclass correlation coefficient for all variables was >0.82 and standard error of measurement <1.8°, except for hip rotation. Intra-session reliability was found to be high (≥0.78) and slightly better than that for inter-session. Minimal detectable change for all variables was <4.7°, except for hip rotation. Conclusions The high inter- and intra-session reliabilities indicate small intrinsic variation of gait. Thus, three-dimensional gait analysis seems to be a reliable tool to evaluate kinematic gait in adults with spinal cord injury, but caution is warranted especially for hip rotation evaluation.

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Conti, Allegra, Andrea Duggento, Maria Guerrisi, Luca Passamonti, Iole Indovina, and Nicola Toschi. "Variability and Reproducibility of Directed and Undirected Functional MRI Connectomes in the Human Brain." Entropy 21, no. 7 (July 6, 2019): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070661.

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A growing number of studies are focusing on methods to estimate and analyze the functional connectome of the human brain. Graph theoretical measures are commonly employed to interpret and synthesize complex network-related information. While resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) is often employed in this context, it is known to exhibit poor reproducibility, a key factor which is commonly neglected in typical cohort studies using connectomics-related measures as biomarkers. We aimed to fill this gap by analyzing and comparing the inter- and intra-subject variability of connectivity matrices, as well as graph-theoretical measures, in a large (n = 1003) database of young healthy subjects which underwent four consecutive rsfMRI sessions. We analyzed both directed (Granger Causality and Transfer Entropy) and undirected (Pearson Correlation and Partial Correlation) time-series association measures and related global and local graph-theoretical measures. While matrix weights exhibit a higher reproducibility in undirected, as opposed to directed, methods, this difference disappears when looking at global graph metrics and, in turn, exhibits strong regional dependence in local graphs metrics. Our results warrant caution in the interpretation of connectivity studies, and serve as a benchmark for future investigations by providing quantitative estimates for the inter- and intra-subject variabilities in both directed and undirected connectomic measures.

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Abdul – Rahman, Dr Hanan Abdul –. Rahman. "Analysis of the relation between lip length, free way space, closest speaking space, arch size concerning palatal-depth relativity." Mustansiria Dental Journal 6, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32828/mdj.v6i2.453.

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This study was conducted to determine clinically if there is a correlation between lengths of upper lip and inter occlusal distance, closest speaking space concening palatal depth relativity and to develop a technique for measuring occlusal vertical dimension.The sample consisted of 88 subjects, irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, stone models, vernier calipers, modified plastic rulers were used in the measurements of lip length, transverse and vertical arch dimensions. The speaking method was used for measuring the free way space by pronouncing m sound while the closest speaking space was measured by asking the subject to pronounce s sound.Statistical analysis was carried out using a standard t-test to compare between males and females; the result reveals possible gender difference related to lip length and palate depth. Also r-test used to find the correlation between the parameters used in the study (lip length, free way space, closest speaking space, inter canine distance, inter molar distance, and palatal depth) , the results analyze and found that there is a positive correlation between the parameters.When selecting a method to be used for OVD measurements, the criteria to be considered are accuracy, repeatability of the measurements and the length of the time required to secure the measurements.The results of this investigation indicate that new method for measuring occlusal vertical dimension may be suggested .It was based on the observed correlation, normally found in individuals with natural teeth, between lip length and different parameters.

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Su, Changliang, Shihui Li, Xiaowei Chen, Chengxia Liu, Mehran Shaghaghi, Jingjing Jiang, Shun Zhang, Yuanyuan Qin, and Kejia Cai. "Predicting cancer malignancy and proliferation in glioma patients: intra-subject inter-metabolite correlation analyses using MRI and MRSI contrast scans." Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 11, no. 6 (June 2021): 2721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-1163.

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Leung, David K., Joop De Langen, David Raunig, Anna-Larissa N. Niemeijer, Egbert F. Smit, Ronald Boellaard, David Vallez-Garcia, et al. "Whole body PD-L1 PET in patients with NSCLC and melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.5_suppl.139.

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139 Background: PD-(L)1 immunotherapy is effective in multiple tumors, including NSCLC and melanoma, but tumor PD-L1 IHC correlates only moderately with treatment outcome. This study aims to assess 1) safety of 18F-BMS-986192 (18F-PD-L1) in human, 2) PD-L1 quantification in tumors using 18F-PD-L1 PET, 3) PD-L1 PET correlation with IHC and treatment outcome, and 4) intra and inter subject tracer uptake variability. Methods: Pts with NSCLC (N = 10) and melanoma (N = 3) were included. At baseline, pts received a static or multiphase dynamic whole body PET scan after injecting 200 MBq 18F-BMS-986192. For NSCLC pts, (1) SUV(max, peak and mean) were measured for each delineable tumor (N = 32, 1-7 tumors/pt), (2) PD-L1 IHC (28.8 assay) was performed on the biopsy, and (3) response to Nivolumab therapy assessed by RECIST 1.1. Intra and inter subject variability and intraclass correlation were calculated using SUVs of all assessed tumors. Equal variance for PD-L1 status was evaluated by a Levene’s test. Four (3 female) pts underwent dosimetry study (ICRP 60). Results: No AEs related to radiotracer was observed. Dosimetry study demonstrated whole body exposure of 30 mGy at dose > 1400 MBq. Biodistribution among pts is comparable. PD-L1 IHC from 13 biopsied lesions were evaluated, 5 < 1%, 4 ≥1%, and 4 ≥50%. Tumor tracer uptake was measured in NSCLC pts and categorized by PDL-1 IHC as ≥50% or < 50%. Clinical trial information: 2015-004760-11. Tumor SUVs did not correlate with RECIST 1.1 assessment. Lesion heterogeneity was reflected in both inter and intra pt variability (CVinter = 41%, CVintra = 53%, ICC = 0.41 for SUVpeak). Levene’s test showed no significance in variability between the two PD-L1 categories. Conclusions: PET-imaging with 18F-BMS-986192 is safe and feasible in pts with NSCLC and melanoma. Pts with higher PD-L1 PET SUV have higher PD-L1 by IHC. Intra pt variability is similar to inter pt variability. With limited number of pts, no clear correlation of PET PD-L1 and tumor response is observed. A prospective study with this tracer is underway to further investigate 18F-BMS-986192 in understanding of PD-L1 expression.[Table: see text]

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Galinsky, Dina F., Ezgi Erol, Konstantina Atanasova, Martin Bohus, Annegret Krause-Utz, and Stefanie Lis. "Do I trust you when you smile? Effects of sex and emotional expression on facial trustworthiness appraisal." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243230.

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Background Trust is a prerequisite for successful social relations. People tend to form a first impression of people‘s trustworthiness based on their facial appearance. The sex of the judging person and its congruency with the sex of the judged people influence these appraisals. Moreover, trustworthiness and happiness share some facial features, which has led to studies investigating the interplay between both social judgments. Studies revealed high correlation in judging happiness and trustworthiness across different facial identities. However, studies are missing that investigate whether this relationship exists on a within-subject level and whether in-group biases such as the congruency between the sex of the judging and judged individual influence this relationship. In the present study, we addressed these questions. Methods Data were collected in an online-survey in two separate samples (N = 30, German sample, N = 107 Dutch sample). Subjects assessed the intensity of happiness and trustworthiness expressed in neutral and calm facial expression of the same characters (50% males, 50% females). Statistical analyses comprised rm-Anova designs based on rating scores and estimates of within-subject associations between both judgments. Results Our findings replicate high correlations between happiness and trustworthiness ratings across facial identities based on average scores across participants. However, the strength of this association was strongly dependent on the methodological approach and inter-subject variability was high. Our data revealed an in-group advantage for trustworthiness in women. Moreover, the faces’ sex and emotional expressions differentially influenced the within-subject correlation between both judgments in men and women. Conclusion Our findings replicate previous studies on the association between happiness and trustworthiness judgments. We extend our understanding of the link between both social judgments by uncovering that within-subject variability is high and influenced by sex and the availability and appraisal of positive emotional facial cues.

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Mayhew, Terry M. "CROSS-CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TISSUE COMPARTMENTS OF THE RENAL CORPUSCLE." Image Analysis & Stereology 21, no. 3 (May 3, 2011): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v21.p151-155.

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The renal corpuscle is a multi-compartment unit of kidney morphology which is important for normal ultrafiltration of blood. Its structure is perturbed during ontogeny, disease and experimental manipulation. Transmission electron microscopy and second-order stereological tools (cross covariance and cross correlation functions) were used to examine 3-D spatial interactions between the main tissue compartments (glomerular capillaries, podocytes, mesangium, urinary space) of the renal corpuscle in normal adult rats. Volume densities, covariance and correlation functions were estimated by counting test points (randomly positioned) and linear dipole probes (randomly positioned and orientated) superimposed on random samples of photomontages prepared from ultrathin resin sections. Differences in clustering exist between compartments (at distances < 8 Î¼m, mesangium is the most tightly-clustered and capillaries the least tightly-clustered compartment; > 8 Î¼m, compartments are neither hypodisperse nor hyperdisperse). Despite this, cross correlation functions for linked sets of compartments (capillary-mesangium, capillary-podocytes, capillary-urinary space, mesangium-podocytes, mesangium-urinary space and podocytes-urinary space) did not vary with dipole distance. This indicates that the spatial relations between linked compartments do not favour attraction or repulsion. In addition, inter-individual variation is greater for some linked compartments than others. Variation is less for compartments (capillary-podocyte and capillary-urinary space) which contribute to the ultrafiltration barrier and this probably reflects the structural and functional integration evident at this site as well as the higher volume densities (and smaller inter-subject variation) for capillaries.

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Dzhankezov, Batyr Makharovich. "Constitutional politics as an interdisciplinary category." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2020): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.32240.

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This article is dedicated to interdisciplinary, institutional and comparative analysis of the terminological construct of “constitutional politics”. Analysis is conducted on correlation between the legal and political components of constitutional politics. The author indicates the peculiarities of legalistic and macro-sociological approaches towards the essence of the phenomenon in question; determines key peculiarities of the American and European models of constitutional politics; as well as examines the correlation between constitutional politics and state (public) policy. The article presents an original definition and outlines the object field of the Russian constitutional politics as an interdisciplinary term. This work is first to apply the terminological inter-paradigm construct of “constitutional politics” in terms of the analysis of corresponding processes within the history of Russian legal and political science. to apply the terminological inter-paradigm construction "constitutional policy", widely spread in Western thought, to the analysis of relevant processes. A brief overview is presented on the European and American approaches towards constitutional politics is presented. The author draws conclusions on the prospects of the indicated interdisciplinary approach, and proposes the subject of research with regards to the Russian constitutional politics.

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Humphries, Joseph B., David T. Bundy, Eric C. Leuthardt, and Thy N. Huskey. "2190 Longitudinal changes in EEG power envelope connectivity are proportional to motor recovery in chronic stroke patients." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.92.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this study is to determine the degree to which the use of a contralesionally-controlled brain-computer interface for stroke rehabilitation drives change in interhemispheric motor cortical activity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Ten chronic stroke patients were trained in the use of a brain-computer interface device for stroke recovery. Patients perform motor imagery to control the opening and closing of a motorized hand orthosis. This device was sent home with patients for 12 weeks, and patients were asked to use the device 1 hour per day, 5 days per week. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) was performed at 2-week intervals to assess motor function improvement. Before the active motor imagery task, patients were asked to quietly rest for 90 seconds before the task to calibrate recording equipment. EEG signals were acquired from 2 electrodes—one each centered over left and right primary motor cortex. Signals were preprocessed with a 60 Hz notch filter for environmental noise and referenced to the common average. Power envelopes for 1 Hz frequency bands (1–30 Hz) were calculated through Gabor wavelet convolution. Correlations between electrodes were then calculated for each frequency envelope on the first and last 5 runs, thus generating one correlation value per subject, per run. The chosen runs approximately correspond to the first and last week of device usage. These correlations were Fisher Z-transformed for comparison. The first and last 5 run correlations were averaged separately to estimate baseline and final correlation values. A difference was then calculated between these averages to determine correlation change for each frequency. The relationship between beta-band correlation changes (13–30 Hz) and the change in ARAT score was determined by calculating a Pearson correlation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Beta-band inter-electrode correlations tended to decrease more in patients achieving greater motor recovery (Pearson’s r=−0.68, p=0.031). A similar but less dramatic effect was observed with alpha-band (8–12 Hz) correlation changes (Pearson’s r=−0.42, p=0.22). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The negative correlation between inter-electrode power envelope correlations in the beta frequency band and motor recovery indicates that activity in the motor cortex on each hemisphere may become more independent during recovery. The role of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke recovery is currently under debate; there is conflicting evidence regarding whether it supports or inhibits the lesioned hemisphere. These findings may support the notion of interhemispheric inhibition, as we observe less in common between activity in the 2 hemispheres in patients successfully achieving recovery. Future neuroimaging studies with greater spatial resolution than available with EEG will shed further light on changes in interhemispheric communication that occur during stroke rehabilitation.

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Chaparro-Rico, Betsy D. M., and Daniele Cafolla. "Test-Retest, Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Reliability for Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Using SANE (an eaSy gAit aNalysis systEm) as Measuring Instrument." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 5781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175781.

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Studies have demonstrated the validity of Kinect-based systems to measure spatiotemporal parameters of gait. However, few studies have addressed test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for spatiotemporal gait parameters. This study aims to assess test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of SANE (eaSy gAit aNalysis system) as a measuring instrument for spatiotemporal gait parameters. SANE comprises a depth sensor and a software that automatically estimates spatiotemporal gait parameters using distances between ankles without the need to manually indicate where each gait cycle begins and ends. Gait analysis was conducted by 2 evaluators for 12 healthy subjects during 4 sessions. The reliability was evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). In addition, the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM), and Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) was calculated. SANE showed from an acceptable to an excellent test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability; test-retest reliability ranged from 0.62 to 0.81, inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.70 to 0.95 and intra-rater ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. The subject behavior had a greater effect on the reliability of SANE than the evaluator performance. The reliability values of SANE were comparable with other similar studies. SANE, as a feasible and markerless system, has large potential for assessing spatiotemporal gait parameters.

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MacDermid, Joy Christine, Vanitha Arumugam, Joshua Israel Vincent, and Krista L. Carroll. "The Reliability and Validity of the Computerized Double Inclinometer in Measuring Lumbar Mobility." Open Orthopaedics Journal 8, no. 1 (October 17, 2014): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001408010355.

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Study Design : Repeated measures reliability/validity study. Objectives : To determine the concurrent validity, test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of lumbar flexion and extension measurements using the Tracker M.E. computerized dual inclinometer (CDI) in comparison to the modified-modified Schober (MMS) Summary of Background : Numerous studies have evaluated the reliability and validity of the various methods of measuring spinal motion, but the results are inconsistent. Differences in equipment and techniques make it difficult to correlate results. Methods : Twenty subjects with back pain and twenty without back pain were selected through convenience sampling. Two examiners measured sagittal plane lumbar range of motion for each subject. Two separate tests with the CDI and one test with the MMS were conducted. Each test consisted of three trials. Instrument and examiner order was randomly assigned. Intra-class correlations (ICCs 2, 2 and 2, 2) and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to calculate reliability and concurrent validity respectively. Results : Intra-trial reliability was high to very high for both the CDI (ICCs 0.85 - 0.96) and MMS (ICCs 0.84 - 0.98). However, the reliability was poor to moderate, when the CDI unit had to be repositioned either by the same rate (ICCs 0.16 - 0.59) or a different rater (ICCs 0.45 - 0.52). Inter-rater reliability for the MMS was moderate to high (ICCs 0.75 - 0.82) which bettered the moderate correlation obtained for the CDI (ICCs 0.45 - 0.52). Correlations between the CDI and MMS were poor for flexion (0.32; p<0.05) and poor to moderate (-0.42 - -0.51; p<0.05) for extension measurements. Conclusion : When using the CDI, an average of subsequent tests is required to obtain moderate reliability. The MMS was highly reliable than the CDI. The MMS and the CDI measure lumbar movement on a different metric that are not highly related to each other.

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Brodie, Fiona G., Emily R. Atkins, Thompson G. Robinson, and Ronney B. Panerai. "Reliability of dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurement using spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure." Clinical Science 116, no. 6 (February 12, 2009): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20080236.

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Spontaneous fluctuations in BP (blood pressure) and subsequent change in CBFV (cerebral blood flow velocity) in the MCA (middle cerebral artery) can be used to assess dynamic cerebral autoregulation using transfer function analysis; however, the reliability of this technique has not been assessed, in particular the contribution of intra-subject variability relative to inter-subject variability. Three bilateral CBFV, BP and RR interval recordings were performed in ten healthy volunteers on four separate occasions over a 2-week period. Data were analysed to provide the ARI (autoregulatory index), CBFV, RAP (resistance-area product) and CrCP (critical closing pressure). We also measured systolic and diastolic BP, and resting HR (heart rate). We calculated the SEM (standard error of measurement) and the ICC (intra-class correlation coefficient) and their 95% CIs (confidence intervals) for each parameter to assess their absolute (intra-subject) and relative (inter-subject) reliability. The CV (coefficient of variation) of SEM ranged from 1.7% (for CBFV) to 100.0% (for RAP), whereas the ICC was <0.5 for ARI, rising to >0.8 for CBFV and diastolic BP. These data demonstrate excellent absolute and relative reliability of CBFV, whereas ARI is of comparable reliability with the measurement of HR. Using these results it is possible to determine the sample size required to demonstrate a change in ARI, with a sample of 45 subjects in each group required to show a change in ARI of 1, whereas to detect a change in ARI >2 would require only 11 subjects per group. The results of the present study could be valuable to the future planning of cerebral autoregulation studies, but more work is needed to understand the determinants of intra-subject variability in autoregulatory parameters.

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Vallabhbhai Solanki, Disha, and Neela Soni. "INTERRATER AND INTRARATER RELIABILITY OF PRESSURE BIOFEEDBACK UNIT IN MEASUREMENT OF TRANSVERSES ABDOMINIS MUSCLE ACTIVATION IN ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12748.

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Background â€“The Transverse abdominis with its direct attachments to lumber vertebrae through thoracolumber fascia contributes as a local stabilizer of spine which have meaningful role for spinal stability. Transverse abdominis(TrA) activation is vital component in rehabilition of patients with Low back pain. The Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) is a device designed to teach and measure Transverses abdominis activation by Abdominal draw-in maneuver which is often used by clinicians. Methods â€“ 60 healthy male and female subjects were selected for study. The abdominal draw-in test was performed with the subject in a prone lying position, and the Pressure Biofeedback Unit (Chattanooga Stabilizer ) was utilized to evaluate the ability of the subject to perform this abdominal isolation test. For intrarater reliability, the examiner carried out the test twice at the interval of 2 days. For interrater reliability, 2 examiners did the test one after the other on the same day. Results â€“ Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated to determine interrater and intrarater reliability.ICC value for inter-rater reliability is 0.87 with 95% confidence interval (0.78-0.92). ICC value for intra-rater reliability is 0.86 with 95% confidence interval (0.79 â€“ 0.93). Conclusion - Pressure Biofeedback Unit shows good to excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.

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Sandhu, Harpreet, Pradhuman Verma, Sarfaraz Padda, and Seetharamaiha Sunder Raj. "Frequency and correlation of lip prints, fingerprints and ABO blood groups in population of Sriganganagar District, Rajasthan." Acta Medica Academica 46, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.195.

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<div class="WordSection1">Objective. To investigate the frequency and uniqueness of different lip print patterns, fingerprint patterns in relation to gender and ABO Rh blood groups among a semi-urban population of Sriganganagar, Rajasthan. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 1200 healthy volunteers aged 18-30 years. The cheiloscopic and der- matographic data of each subject were obtained and were analysed according to the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi and Henry systems of classification, respectively. Two forensic experts analyzed the patterns independently. The ABO Rh blood group was also recorded for each subject. The Chi square statistical analysis was done and tests were considered significant when p value <0.001 and Cohen kappa test was applied to analyze inter-observer reliability. Results. The B+ blood group was noted as most common in both genders while least common were A− among males and AB− in females. Type II lip pattern was most predominant while the least common was Type I’ in males and Type I’ and Type V in females. The UL fingerprint pattern was the most common, while RL was least noted in both genders. All the fingerprint patterns showed correlation with different lip print patterns. A correlation was found between different blood groups and lip print patterns except Type I (vertical) lip pattern. A positive correlation was observed between all the blood groups and fingerprint patterns, except for RL pattern. Conclusion. There is an association between lip print patterns, fingerprint patterns and ABO blood groups in both the genders. Thus, correlating the uniqueness of these physical evidenc- es sometimes helps the forensic team members in accurate personal identification or it can at least narrow the search for an individual where there are no possible data referring to the identity of the subject.</div>

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Van Herp, Guy, and Talal Al Shatti. "Ankle size measurements with the foot in a free haning position: Reliability of the Figure-of-Eight Tape Method." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 54, no. 1 (February 28, 1998): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v54i1.598.

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Ankle swelling is a commonly encountered condition in physiotherapy practice. Reliable and easy methods of quantification are required to record progress in treatment. The aim of this study was to establish the inter- and intra-reliability of the figure-of-eight tape measure for measuring ankle size. Thirty-six healthy subjects were measured in long-sitting position with the foot hanging free over the edge of a plinth. Three testers performed four measurements each for a total of 12 measurements per subject. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.96 for inter-tester reliability and 0.94 for intra-tester reliability. The results agree with previous reliability studies using the figure-of-eight tape method on healthy subjects. The figure-of-eight tape method is easily learned and applied. It is a reliable method for measuring ankle size. Further research is needed to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the technique in a clinical setting.

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Fedosov, V. A. "Decentralization of fiscal relations in Russia in the context of global trends." Finance and Credit 26, no. 9 (September 29, 2020): 2151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.9.2151.

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Subject. This article explores the indicators, trends and factors of the process of decentralization of budget systems of different countries. Objectives. The article aims to define patterns in the development of inter-budgetary relations in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and Russia. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and correlation. Results. The article describes the reasons and causes affecting the decentralization of the budget systems of countries and formulates provisions for the development of budget relations decentralization in the world. Conclusions. The decentralization of sub-national budget revenues in the OECD countries declined between 2009 and 2018. Improving the decentralization of the Russian Federation's budget system in the foreseeable future is hardly possible for the reasons described in the article. The results of the study can be used in the development of budgetary policies of countries in the field of inter-budgetary relations.

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Kusakunniran, Worapan, Amit Singh Dahal, and Wantanee Viriyasitavat. "Journal Co-Citation Analysis for Identifying Trends of Inter-Disciplinary Research: An Exploratory Case Study in a University." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 17, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649218500405.

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A journal stands as a marker of the intellectual space which holds vast areas of literature. Exploring and analysing the underlined knowledge sources and themes of the journal literature will significantly benefit any institution to identify the key intellectual domain strength and improve in research collaboration. The main objective of this paper is to identify inter-disciplinary trends of research for one university as a case study, using journal co-citation analysis. With the help of correlation metric and cluster analysis, the published literature between 2004 and 2013 from seven subject domains (i.e. including medicine, pharmacy and pharmacology, biological sciences, linguistics, modern languages, chemistry, and computer science and information systems) are analysed and interpreted. The results can demonstrate that there are the strong research dominance in the medical field and the prospective collaboration in social science and chemistry. In addition, the interpretation of the findings could be served as a foundation for future research in the direction of strong bonding between inter-disciplinary fields.

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Babakobi, Michal Dayagi, Leah Reshef, Shalev Gihaz, Bogdan Belgorodsky, Ayelet Fishman, Yoram Bujanover, and Uri Gophna. "Effect of Maternal Diet and Milk Lipid Composition on the Infant Gut and Maternal Milk Microbiomes." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092539.

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Inter-subject variability in human milk microbiome is well known; however, its origins and possible relationship to the mother’s diet are still debated. We investigated associations between maternal nutrition, milk fatty acids composition and microbiomes in mother–infant dyads. Breast milk and infant fecal samples were collected across three time points (one week, one month and three months postpartum) from 22 mother–infant pairs. Food frequency questionnaires for the months of pregnancy and three months postpartum were collected. Milk fatty acids were analyzed by GC–MS and the microbiome in breast milk and infant feces was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Statistical interactions were computed using Spearman’s method and corrected for multiple comparisons. We found significant negative correlation between Streptococcus relative abundance in maternal milk and intake of unsaturated fatty acids and folic acid at one month postpartum. At three months postpartum, vitamin B-12 consumption was significantly associated with a single operational taxonomic unit belonging to Streptococcus. Comparison between milk microbiome and lipid composition showed, one-month postpartum, significant negative correlation between Streptococcus relative abundance and the abundance of oleic acid. Additional correlations were detected between Staphylococcus hominis and two medium-chain saturated fatty acids. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that maternal nutrition may affect milk microbiome.

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Baldysz, Zofia, Grzegorz Nykiel, Beata Latos, Dariusz B. Baranowski, and Mariusz Figurski. "Interannual Variability of the GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor in the Global Tropics." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121698.

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This paper addresses the subject of inter-annual variability of the tropical precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from 18 years of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. Non-linear trends of retrieved GNSS PWV were investigated using the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) along with various climate indices. For most of the analyzed stations (~49%) the GNSS PWV anomaly was related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), although its influence on the PWV variability was not homogeneous. The cross-correlations coefficient values estimated between the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) and PWV were up to 0.78. A strong cross-correlation was also found for regional climate pattern expressed through CAR, DMI, HAW, NPGO, TNA and TSA indices. A distinct agreement was also found when instead of climate indices, the local sea surface temperature was examined (average correlation 0.60). The SSA method made it also possible to distinguish small-scale phenomena that affect PWV, such as local droughts or wetter rainy seasons. The overall nature of the investigated changes was also verified through linear trend analysis. In general, not a single station was characterized by a negative trend and its weighted mean value, calculated for all stations was equal to 0.08 ± 0.01 mm/year.

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Ribadas-Pena, Francisco J., Shuyuan Cao, and Víctor M. Darriba Darriba Bilbao. "Improving Large-Scale k-Nearest Neighbor Text Categorization with Label Autoencoders." Mathematics 10, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162867.

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In this paper, we introduce a multi-label lazy learning approach to deal with automatic semantic indexing in large document collections in the presence of complex and structured label vocabularies with high inter-label correlation. The proposed method is an evolution of the traditional k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm which uses a large autoencoder trained to map the large label space to a reduced size latent space and to regenerate the predicted labels from this latent space. We have evaluated our proposal in a large portion of the MEDLINE biomedical document collection which uses the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus as a controlled vocabulary. In our experiments we propose and evaluate several document representation approaches and different label autoencoder configurations.

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Pantazis, Dimitrios, and Amir Adler. "MEG Source Localization via Deep Learning." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134278.

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We present a deep learning solution to the problem of localization of magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain signals. The proposed deep model architectures are tuned to single and multiple time point MEG data, and can estimate varying numbers of dipole sources. Results from simulated MEG data on the cortical surface of a real human subject demonstrated improvements against the popular RAP-MUSIC localization algorithm in specific scenarios with varying SNR levels, inter-source correlation values, and number of sources. Importantly, the deep learning models had robust performance to forward model errors resulting from head translation and rotation and a significant reduction in computation time, to a fraction of 1 ms, paving the way to real-time MEG source localization.

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Prinster, A., M. Quarantelli, R. Lanzillo, G. Orefice, G. Vacca, B. Carotenuto, B. Alfano, A. Brunetti, V. Brescia Morra, and M. Salvatore. "A voxel-based morphometry study of disease severity correlates in relapsing— remitting multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458509351896.

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Previous studies have shown a preferential loss of grey matter in fronto-temporal regions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Studies of correlates of disease severity are more controversial, because some studies have suggested an association between sensorimotor cortex atrophy and Expanded Disability Status Scale score, while others did not find such a correlation. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of regional loss of grey matter and white matter with indexes of clinical and radiological severity in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale and lesion load. Correlations between Expanded Disability Status Scale, lesion load and disease duration were assessed in 128 patients with relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis (Expanded Disability Status Scale range 1.0—6.0) using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Bilateral loss of grey matter in sensorimotor cortices was correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale, and tissue loss also involved adjacent white matter, extending along pyramidal tracts to the brainstem. Increasing lesion load was correlated with loss of deep grey matter and white matter. No specific region of grey matter or white matter showed a significant correlation with disease duration. These findings support the hypothesis that motor neuron involvement plays a major role in the progression of physical disability. Lesion load accrual affects mainly highly interconnected subcortical structures, while disease duration has a less significant impact on brain atrophy, probably owing to the inter-subject heterogeneity of the clinical course of the disease.

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Fahmi, Muhammad, Sharul Effendy, Mahaliza Mansor, Djalal Fuadi, Harsono Harsono, Ratieh Widiastuti, Defri Nur, and Angelia Suci. "The Development of Indonesian Accounting Teacher Professional Identity Measurement: An Exploratory Factor Analysis." European Journal of Educational Research 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.1.33.

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Measuring accounting teachers’ professional identity is significant to do as an alternative to measure the professionalism of accounting teachers in Indonesia based on their professional identity. This research was conducted in two stages of exploratory factor analysis involving 150 accounting teachers as sample in each stage. The data were collected in collaboration with an accounting teacher organization, comprising the Accounting Subject Teacher Deliberation (MGMP) in Central Java through a questionnaire. Data analysis was divided into several steps including face validity and content validity, inter-item correlation matrix, and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that 23 question items encompassed five components of accounting teacher professional identity; Cultural Knowledge (pedagogical cultural identity), Blending (accommodating students' purposes for school in the learning objectives), Identity Experiencing (by the experience of working life in the past, present, and individual expectations in the future in accounting work setting), Inter-Personal Skill, and Active in Professional Communities. The scale development requires continuous development tailing various new findings in the teacher professional identity and accountant professional identity.

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Zittan, E., A. H. Steinhart, H. Aran, R. Milgrom, E. Koifman, I. M. Gralnek, S. Zelber-Sagi, and M. S. Silverberg. "P146 The Toronto IBD global endoscopic reporting (TIGER) score demonstrates significant correlation with fecal calprotectin, CRP and IBD Disk in Crohn’s disease patients." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.273.

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Abstract Background Commonly used endoscopic indices in IBD lack ability to provide overall disease burden and severity, generate low inter-observer agreement, and demonstrate incomplete validation of some scores. We developed an endoscopic reporting tool, the Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting (TIGER) score for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The aim of our study was to compare the usability and validity of the TIGER score against fecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and IBD DISK score in CD patients. Methods A cohort of 60 CD patients participated in the study. Blinded IBD experts reviewed and graded ileocolonoscopy videos. In the validation phase, the TIGER score was compared to: (1) the Simple endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) as a reference standard and: (2) inflammatory biomarkers FC and CRP and (3) IBD Disk score. Results Inter-observer reliability per segment between reviewers was excellent: Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.94; [95%CI: 0.92–0.96]. For categorized TIGER score, lowest overall agreement was 96.6% [95%CI: 93.5–98.6] and lowest kappa 0.91 [95%CI: 0.84–0.98], reflecting excellent agreement. Overall agreement per segment between SES-CD and TIGER was 91% [95%CI: 84–95] with kappa coefficient 0.77 [95%CI: 0.63–0.91]. Per subject analysis for CD yielded overall agreement of 80% [95%CI: 64–91] and kappa coefficient 0.44 [95%CI: 0.14–0.75]. There was a significant correlation between TIGER and CRP (r s = .689, p < .0083), and TIGER and FC (r s = .687, p < .0001). In addition, there was significant correlation between TIGER and IBD Disk (r s = .613, p < .0001). Conclusion The TIGER score demonstrates significant correlation with FC, CRP and IBD disk score in Crohn’s disease patients and thus can be used as a reliable and simple endoscopic score for CD patients to capture overall endoscopic disease burden.

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Erdtmann, B. D. "The earliest Ordovician nematophorid graptolites: taxonomy and correlation." Geological Magazine 125, no. 4 (July 1988): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800013017.

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AbstractThe earliest nematophorid (planktic) dendroid graptolites (Family Anisograptidae) are described and revised from several heterofacial facies sections of the Broom Point Formation, Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland (Broom Point North and St Paul's represent medial to upper continental slope, Martin Point and Green Point distal slope environments). Noting potential conodont recycling in the palaeoslope environments of the proximal Cow Head Group sections, graptolites are the only group of fossils that could not have been subject to post-burial transport. The graptolites belong to an informal group of quadriradiate form-species principally representing two originally related but then diverging phyletic groups: pendent Rhabdinopora Eichwald, 1855 and horizontal to sub-horizontal Staurograptus Emmons, 1855; both being stratigraphically within Assemblage Zone I (emended after Cooper, 1979) of earliest Tremadoc or early Ibexian age (top of Cordylodus intermedius to base of C. lindstromi conodont zones). Assemblage I graptolites offer a higher resolution than coeval conodonts and are a better tool for inter-facies correlations both within the Broom Point Formation and with other graptolitic sequences on a global scale. Form-species of quadriradiate Rhabdinopora rustica (such as ?R. praeparabola and R. parabola) and of Staurograptus dichotomus (e.g. ‘Radiograptus’ or ‘Heterograptus’ flexibilis or ‘Aletograptus’) are interpreted as astogenetic morphs, or as phylogenetically descendant variants of these forms. Upon evidence of late astogenetic insertion of dissepiments in Staurograptus and Anisograptus the names ‘Heterograptus’ and ‘Radiograptus’ are placed into junior synonymy, and ‘Aletograptus’ is regarded a junior synonym of Staurograptus because its post-primary dichotomies are merely delayed distally (or omitted) to be observed exclusively in very mature specimens. The Cow Head Group fauna is compared with earliest nematophorids from Oslo, Norway (Naersnes) and Dayangcha, Jilin, China (Xiaoyangqiao), and a new comprehensive ecostratigraphic zonation for early Tremadoc graptolites is proposed.

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Mandekar, Swati, Abigail Holland, Moritz Thielen, Mehdi Behbahani, and Mark Melnykowycz. "Advancing towards Ubiquitous EEG, Correlation of In-Ear EEG with Forehead EEG." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041568.

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Wearable EEG has gained popularity in recent years driven by promising uses outside of clinics and research. The ubiquitous application of continuous EEG requires unobtrusive form-factors that are easily acceptable by the end-users. In this progression, wearable EEG systems have been moving from full scalp to forehead and recently to the ear. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that emerging ear-EEG provides similar impedance and signal properties as established forehead EEG. EEG data using eyes-open and closed alpha paradigm were acquired from ten healthy subjects using generic earpieces fitted with three custom-made electrodes and a forehead electrode (at Fpx) after impedance analysis. Inter-subject variability in in-ear electrode impedance ranged from 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ at 10 Hz. Signal quality was comparable with an SNR of 6 for in-ear and 8 for forehead electrodes. Alpha attenuation was significant during the eyes-open condition in all in-ear electrodes, and it followed the structure of power spectral density plots of forehead electrodes, with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between in-ear locations ELE (Left Ear Superior) and ERE (Right Ear Superior) and forehead locations, Fp1 and Fp2, respectively. The results indicate that in-ear EEG is an unobtrusive alternative in terms of impedance, signal properties and information content to established forehead EEG.

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Lipari, Melissa, Helen Berlie, Yasmin Saleh, Pang Hang, and Lynette Moser. "Understandability, actionability, and readability of online patient education materials about diabetes mellitus." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxy021.

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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the understandability, actionability, and readability of online diabetes education materials. Summary This was a descriptive study that identified printable diabetes education materials through an online search. Materials were included from the following sources: national organizations with materials approved by expert panels, corporations with materials subject to FDA approval, and not-for-profit organizations with inter-professional advisory boards to approve materials. Topics included were basic knowledge of diabetes, hypoglycemia, insulin, and blood sugar goals. Materials were excluded if they were non-printable, contained active links, had a publication date prior to January 2011, were greater than 2 pages in length, or were pediatric focused. Understandability and actionability of the patient education materials were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Descriptive statistics and inter-rater reliability analysis using the kappa statistic were utilized. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) formula. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between reading grade level and PEMAT scores. In total, 25 websites were identified, 5 of which met the inclusion criteria; 13 patient education materials were included, PEMAT scoring revealed that 4 of these met the criteria for understandability and only 1 met the criteria for actionability. There was no correlation found between PEMAT scores and reading grade levels (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.30, p = 0.325). Conclusion The majority of diabetes patient education materials reviewed scored poorly using the PEMAT. Future development of diabetes patient education materials should be designed with the goal of increasing understandability and actionability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inter-subject correlation'

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