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Varol, Umut, Marcos José Navarro-Santana, Sonia Gómez-Sánchez, Gustavo Plaza-Manzano, Elena Sánchez-Jiménez, and Juan Antonio Valera-Calero. "Inter-Examiner Disagreement for Assessing Cervical Multifidus Ultrasound Metrics Is Associated with Body Composition Features." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031213.
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Ultrasound imaging (US) is a biosensing technique that is widely used in several healthcare disciplines (including physiotherapy) for assessing multiple muscle metrics, such as muscle morphology and quality. Since all biosensors need to be tested in order to demonstrate their reliability, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, identifying factors that affect their diagnostic accuracy is essential. Since previous studies analyzed the impact of sociodemographic but not body composition characteristics in US errors, this study aimed to assess whether body composition metrics are associated with ultrasound measurement errors. B-mode images of the lumbar multifidus muscle at the L5 level were acquired and analyzed in 47 healthy volunteers by two examiners (one experienced and one novice). The cross-sectional area, muscle perimeter, and mean echo intensity were calculated bilaterally. A correlation analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were used for assessing the inter-examiner differences with respect to body composition metrics. The results demonstrated good-to-excellent reliability estimates for the cross-sectional area, muscle perimeter, aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, and mean brightness metrics (all ICC > 0.85). However, solidity showed unacceptable reliability (ICC < 0.7). Age, height, total lean mass, trunk lean mass, and water volume were associated with inter-examiner disagreement on mean echo intensity. Cross-sectional area, perimeter, and roundness measurement errors were associated with lean mass and water volume.
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Noruzi, Farhad, Daniel Stenholm, Peter Sjögren, and Dag Bergsjö. "A holistic model for inter-plant knowledge transfer within an international manufacturing network." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-10-2017-0473.
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PurposeThis paper aims to provide a holistic view to support the choice of appropriate strategy for conducting a knowledge transfer (KT) project in an international manufacturing network (IMN) environment. It proposes a model that includes multiple aspects of a KT project along with guidelines on each aspect.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the research goals, multiple case study method was adopted. Data have been collected by conducting semi-structured interviews regarding five KT projects in three multinational corporations. Data were triangulated by means of comparisons to complementary data acquired through observations and archival documents.FindingsThe results of this paper detail the key issues of five KT projects. Furthermore, the paper proposes an aggregated model comprising the main aspects and strategies for a KT project within an IMN.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the abundant research on KT area, not many research projects provide holistic views on KT process. The focus has rather been sectional and concentrated on each specific aspect within the KT.Practical implicationsThe paper guides practitioners to identify multiple aspects in KT that will eventually increase the odds for successfully performing such projects.Originality/valueThe proposed learning network model improves the performance of KT projects by providing a holistic view including several factors that the organization should emphasize to succeed with inter-plant KT.
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Winter, Fabian, Ichiro Okano, Stephan N. Salzmann, Colleen Rentenberger, Jennifer Shue, Andrew A. Sama, Federico P. Girardi, Frank P. Cammisa, and Alexander P. Hughes. "A Novel and Reproducible Classification of the Vertebral Artery in the Subaxial Cervical Spine." Operative Neurosurgery 18, no. 6 (October 5, 2019): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz310.
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Abstract BACKGROUND An injury of the vertebral artery (VA) is one of the most catastrophic complications in the setting of cervical spine surgery. Anatomic variations of the VA can increase the risk of iatrogenic lacerations. OBJECTIVE To propose a novel and reproducible classification system that describes the position of the VA based on a 2-dimensional map on computed tomography angiographs (CTA). METHODS This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed 248 consecutive CTAs of the cervical spine at a single academic institution between 2007 and 2018. The classification consists of a number that characterizes the location of the VA from the medio-lateral (ML) aspect of the vertebral body. In addition, a letter describes the VA location from the anterior-posterior (AP) aspect. The reliability and reproducibility were assessed by 2 independent raters on 200 VAs. RESULTS The inter- and intrarater reliability values showed the classification's reproducibility. The inter-rater reliability weighted κ-value for the ML aspect was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.93-0.93). The unweighted κ-value was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86-1.00) for “at-risk” positions (ML grade ≥1), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75-1.00) for “high-risk” positions (ML grade ≥2). The weighted κ-value for the intrarater reliability was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.95-0.95). The unweighted κ-values for the intrarater reliability were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.99) for “at-risk” positions, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.96) for “high-risk” positions. CONCLUSION The proposed classification is reliable, reproducible, and independent of individual anatomic size variations. The use of this novel grading system could improve the understanding and interdisciplinary communication about VA anomalies.
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Sari, Sylvia Mustika. "Validitas dan Reabilitas Metode Penilaian Students Oral Case Analysis (SOCA) pada Mahasiswa Tahap Sarjana Kedokteran." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2013): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.25157.
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Background: Oral case presentations will be a vital component in medical career. The Student Oral Case Analysis (SOCA) is the assessment method of students’ ability in presenting their knowledge in case analysis, communication skills, and appropriate professional interactions. In fact, the studies in SOCA are still very limited. The aim of this study was to observe the validity and reliability of the oral assessment or SOCA in undergraduate medical education.Method: The cross sectional study in the third year students in the Medical Faculty of University Jenderal Ahmad Yani. Content-related validity was achieved by a panel expert in developing case and guide for examiners in SOCA, while concurrent validity was achieved by the correlation between SOCA and MCQ results. Inter-rater reliability was estimated by kappa coefficient.Results: The panel expert has done to receive the content validity. As concurrent validity evidence, the correlation between SOCA and MCQ result was 0.441 (p<0.01). Inter-rater reliability with the result of Kappa coefficient was 0.893 (p<0.01).Conclusion: The result shows that SOCA in undergraduate education was valid enough and reliable to assess the cognitive aspect.
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Houmat, A. "Three-dimensional solutions for free vibration of variable stiffness laminated sandwich plates with curvilinear fibers." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 896–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218778731.
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This paper is concerned with the free vibration of variable stiffness laminated sandwich plates with curvilinear fibers. The three-dimensional elasticity theory and the p-version of the finite element method are adopted for the analysis. The skin is composed of one or more plies with curvilinear fibers. The fiber path orientation angle in a ply is assumed to vary linearly with the x coordinate. The plies may be stacked symmetrically or anti-symmetrically with respect to the middle surface of the plate. Each layer is modeled as one brick p-element. The principle of virtual displacements is used to derive the element stiffness and mass matrices. The generalized displacements at vertices, edges, and faces shared by elements are matched to ensure inter-element compatibility. Since no solutions are available for the free vibration of such variable stiffness laminated sandwich plates, the validity, convergence, and accuracy of the present three-dimensional method are established by comparing with existing three-dimensional frequencies for constant stiffness laminated sandwich plates with rectilinear fibers. The study reveals that inter-layer modal bending stresses are discontinuous; modal transverse shearing stresses are constant in the core; the sign of modal transverse shearing stresses can change through the thickness of the skin; and the shape of modal cross-sectional warping is influenced by the mode number and stacking sequence of plies. Three-dimensional frequencies are presented for different fiber orientation angles, boundary conditions, aspect ratios, thickness ratios, core/skin thickness ratios, and stacking sequences of plies. The accurate results presented here will serve as a benchmark for future investigations.
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Singh, Surat, and Tegjit Kaur Sachdeva. "The Financial Performance of Selected IT Companies in India; A Panel Data Approach." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i3.411.
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Despite the global economy growing up, the Indian Information technology industry is maintaining a steady pace of growth. Financial analysis is an aspect of the overall business finance function that involves examining historical data to gain information about the current and future financial health of a company. IT has the great possibility of becoming an engine of accelerated economic growth, efficiency, improvement for all sectors of the economy, developing India’s position in the export market, improving trade insufficiency, and means of efficient governance. It enhances the way into information, protects consumers, provides access to government services, makes skill creation and training more effective, improves the liberation of health services, and promotes simplicity. The inter-firm financial performance differential has been utilized to identify the factors that are critical in determining their financial performance. In this study, only the cross-sectional data of three countries over 10 years is collected. The cross-sectional samples are relatively small. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the LSDV Model. However, the pooled regression model will also consider for comparison. It is also convenient to Model the pooled regression Model, LSDV Model and uses R-squared, adjusted R-squared and pool ability Test to decide statistically on appropriate Model to be used The paper is structured as follows: it presents the scope of the study, a brief review of the literature dealing, followed by a description of the objectives, data, and methodology. Subsequently, it discusses the empirical results by two regression model and finally, offers the conclusion.
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Davey, Anuradha, Parul Sharma, Sanjeev Davey, Arvind Shukla, Kajal Srivastava, and Shaili Vyas. "Are the adverse psychiatric outcomes reflection of occupational stress among nurses: An exploratory study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (August 28, 2015): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i1.12869.
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Background: Stress-related disorders encompass a broad array of conditions, including psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety etc. Among healthcare professionals, nurses have been found to be most prone to burnout.Aims and Objective: 1) To find out the prevalence of recent stress among staff nurses in terms of somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression and; 2) To find out the association between these psychiatric outcomes and various socio-demographic variables, inter-personal relationships, working environment and professional stress.Materials and Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study conducted on 100 staff nurses. Goldberg and Hillier’s 28-item scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to measure the psychological aspect of quality of life of Staff nurses. Results: The most common psychological outcome noted was the social dysfunction (94%) among the staff nurses. For anxiety, potential stressor were doctors’ attitude, insufficient salary and separate wash room for females; whereas significant association was found between depression and unsatisfactory attitude of doctors, fellow nurses, not enough time for rest and not getting enough holidays.Conclusion: Social dysfunction could be cause or effect of other psychiatric manifestations like anxiety or depressionAsian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(1) 2015 96-100
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Taheri, Milad, Ghadamali Talebi, Mohammad Taghipour, Massoud Bahrami, and Hemmat Gholinia. "Reliability of Upper Limb Neurodynamic Tests: Median, Radial, and Ulnar Nerves." Journal of Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.23.3.71.3.
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Objective Upper limb neurodynamic tests are used to evaluate the mechanical sensitivity of the peripheral nerves. However, very little is known about the reliability of upper limb neurodynamic tests, especially for the radial and ulnar nerves. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of neurodynamic tests of the upper extremities to test median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Materials & Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, 25 asymptomatic subjects aged 19-45 years participated. They were selected using simple non-random sampling. Then two examiners performed the neurodynamic tests on them on two successive days. The goal was to assess the reliability of median, radial, and ulnar neurodynamic tests. During the neurodynamic tests, the participants reported the initial stretching pain and the moment of submaximal pain (substantially obvious pain) in related areas of the nerve distribution, including the anterior side of the elbow and forearm for the median nerve, posterolateral aspect of the elbow and forearm for radial nerve, and medial side of elbow and forearm for the ulnar nerve. At the starting point of painful stretching and the submaximal pain, the angle of elbow extension (for median and radial nerve tests) and shoulder abduction angle (for ulnar nerve test) were measured using a mechanical goniometer. The range between these two points was used to analyze the reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated to examine the relative and absolute reliability, respectively. Using t-test, the difference in the mean of the measurements was calculated. Results No significant difference was found between the mean measurements of the two testers in intra-session and inter-session reliability. For examiners 1 and 2, was obtained 0.94 (SEM:2ο) and 0.89 (SEM:2.85ο) for the median nerve, 0.56 (SEM:6.36˚ ) and 0.93 (SEM:1.82ο) for radial nerve, and 0.42 (SEM:3.27ο) and 0.79 (SEM:1.42ο) for the ulnar nerve. Inter-tester intra-session reliability was obtained at 0.84 (SEM: 3.44ο), 0.54 (SEM: 6.1ο), and 0.55 (SEM: 2.75ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Inter-tester inter-session reliability was obtained at 0.97 (SEM:1.43ο), 0.69 (SEM:5.06ο), and 0.51 (SEM: 2.8˚ο), respectively, for median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Conclusion The upper limb neurodynamic tests and measurement of the range between the onset of stretching pain and the point of submaximal pain have moderate to excellent reliability. Therefore, these clinical tests can be used in diagnostic evaluations and treatment interventions. Also, the median nerve neurodynamic test has higher relative reliability than radial and ulnar nerve neurodynamic tests.
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Aarthi, J., MS Muthu, M. Kirthiga, and Vignesh Kailasam. "Modified OXIS classification for primary canines." Wellcome Open Research 7 (June 10, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17775.2.
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Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
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Aarthi, J., MS Muthu, M. Kirthiga, and Vignesh Kailasam. "Modified OXIS classification for primary canines." Wellcome Open Research 7 (April 6, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17775.1.
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Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
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Kompella, Sai Subhadra Ravali, Pramod Kumar Damaraju, Purushotham Gudepu, and Raghavender KBP. "Morphological features of superficial and deep digital flexor tendons of forelimb in buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) in post-natal stages." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4113175.
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Flexor tendons of forelimb play a major role in the locomotion of the animal and also in bearing 45% of the body wieght, thus making these tendons prone to several injuries. Current investigation was carried in three post-natal age groups of buffalo bulls to elucidate gross morphological and morphometrical features of superficial (SDFT) and deep (DDFT) digital flexor tendons of forelimb. Morphological studies revealed that they are shiny white fibrous structures bound by tough, durable fibrous sheath the ‘flexor retinaculum’ on palmar aspect of manus in all three groups (G) i.e., 1 to 3 years (G I), 3 to 6 years (G II) and 6 years and above (G III). SDFT in cross sections at myo-tendinous junction was flat elliptical shaped in G I and G II whereas it was oval in G III specimens. At mid metacarpal region the SDFT was dorso-ventrally compressed and ring-shaped in digital region. Thickness increased in aged specimens at their origin, mid metacarpus and at insertion points. Lengths of the two slips of SDFT in buffalo gradually increased from inter digital space up to their insertion points from G I to G III. Cross sectional profile of DDFT in mid metacarpus was flat elliptical in outline in all groups. Thickness of the tendon steadily increased with age from G I to III. Length of DDFT from origin to its division and from division to insertion steadily increased.
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Soliva, Roger, Antonio Benedicto, Pierre Vergély, and Thierry Rives. "Mechanical control of a lithological alternation on normal fault morphology, growth and reactivation." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 176, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/176.4.329.
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Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the control of lithological variation on normal fault morphology, growth and reactivation. We study a normal fault population contained within an inter-bedded sequence of marly-limestones and clay rich layers. The analysis of cross sectional and bedding plane exposure of faults reveals that the plastic clay layers act as barriers to vertical fault propagation. Only the long vertically restricted normal faults (i.e. confined between two clay layers) are later reactivated and show extensional-shear mode of deformation. The likelihood of reactivation of the faults was probably favoured by the small plastic strength of the clay rich layers. We discuss the extensional-shear mode in terms of structural context, reactivation and rock rigidity. Displacement profile analysis of only isolated non-reactivated faults allows us to distinguish the faults mechanically influenced by the rheological discontinuities from those that are contained within the same lithological unit. Using both cross-sectional observations and displacement-length data of the fault population we estimate the average aspect ratio (length/height ~ 2) of the faults contained within the same lithological unit. A 3-D displacement-length scaling law that integrates post yield fracture mechanics (PYFM) and the principal fault dimensions (length and height) reveals the importance of the low rigidity of the marly-limestone on the displacement of the faults contained into a same lithological unit. A comparison of our displacement-length data with those compiled from the literature suggests that the displacement-length variability is strongly related to the rock mechanical properties and contrasts in layered rocks. The bulk of our analysis, based on field observations and theory, shows that: (i) fault shape, (ii) fault ability to be reactivated, (iii) shear mode, and (iv) displacement-length values are strongly sensitive to the lithological contrasts, and are therefore dependent on the fault dimension relative to the thicknesses of the sedimentary bodies. Therefore, regardless the variety of fault initiation processes, our analysis confirms that both fault morphology and fault growth are not self similar in heterogeneous layered rocks from centimetre to kilometre scale.
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Shu, Xiaoyi, Ciara McConaghy, and Alec Knight. "Validity and reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale as a spasticity outcome measure of the upper limbs in adults with neurological conditions: a systematic review and narrative analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e050711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050711.
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PurposeTo evaluate published evidence on the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) as a tool to assess spasticity in the upper limbs of adults with neurological conditions.Data sourcesA systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Physiotherapy Evidence Database) from inception to 31 December 2020. A search strategy was developed using key elements of the research question: population, intervention (action), outcome.Study eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria: (1) adult participants with neurological conditions; (2) upper limb muscles/joints as tested elements; (3) studies testing the MTS and (4) reliability or validity reported. Exclusion criteria: (1) non-English articles; (2) non-empirical articles and (3) studies testing the Tardieu Scale.Study appraisalEvidence quality was evaluated using the US National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies.ResultsSix reliability studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, most articles reported good-to-excellent levels of inter-rater, intrarater and test–retest reliability. However, limitations, such as study design weaknesses, statistical misuses and reporting biases, undermine confidence in reported conclusions. The validity of the MTS also remained questionable based on the results of one study.Conclusions and implicationsThis review did not find sufficient evidence to either support or reject the use of the MTS in assessing spasticity in the upper limbs of adults with neurological conditions. Despite the paucity of research evidence, the MTS may still remain a clinically useful tool to measure the motor aspect of spasticity. Future research would benefit from a focus on test standardisation, while the wider field would require the development of a consensual definition of spasticity.
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Gupta, Vineeta. "Assessment of oral hygiene practices among medical students." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200986.
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Background: Oral health is an important aspect of general health and wellbeing. As per available researches the high prevalence of oral diseases is a major public health problem. Oral hygiene is further compromised by unhealthy habits like tobacco use and lack of dental specialist care. Undergraduate medical and nursing students should be aware of oral health and dental hygiene as they are the future healthcare provider on whom the health of nation will depend.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India during study period July 2019 to September 2019. Purposive sampling method was used to select M.B.B.S. and B.Sc. nursing students as study subjects. Only those students present in the college on the days of the data collection and those willing to participate were included in the study. Data (background information, awareness and practice regarding oral hygiene) was collected using a predesigned pretested questionnaire.Results: 52.7% of the study subjects were female and 47.3% were male. 7.9% students were confident of their healthy teeth and expressed as good and very good condition. All the students were brushing teeth daily and few students even brushed twice a day (30.7%). Frequency of changing toothbrush, method of tooth brushing, use of inter-dental aid, use of tobacco, use of alcohol and causes of bad breath were significantly associated with gender variable.Conclusions: Awareness with respect to oral health (using fluoridated toothpaste) among students was adequate. However, awareness of usage of toothbrushes and non-practicing tobacco and alcohol habit show the oral health knowledge in these students. The correct knowledge about maintaining good oral health needs to be given to the individuals in an effective manner at earliest so that it becomes a part of their life style.
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Sterling, Michele, Jessica Head, Peter J. Cabot, and Michael Farrell. "Serum C-reactive protein levels predict regional brain responses to noxious cold stimulation of the hand in chronic whiplash associated disorders." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.11.003.
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AbstractBackground and aimsWhiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) are a costly health burden. The condition is characterised by sensory disturbances such as widespread hyperalgesia likely indicative of central hyperexcitability. Recently elevated levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers have also found in acute and chronic WAD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and pain processing in people with persistent whiplash associated disorders (WAD).MethodsTwenty one participants with chronic whiplash (>3 months) were recruited. Venous blood samples were collected and assays performed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast images of the brain were acquired with a Siemens 1.5T MRI scanner during repeated 24 s stimulus blocks of innocuous or painful stimuli (thumbnail pressure and cold stimulation of dorsum of hand) separated by 36 s inter-stimulus intervals. Stimulus intensities used during scanning were at the level of participants’ thresholds for moderate pain. Parameter estimates representing BOLD signal increases during painful events from each participant were tested for associations with inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsClinically relevant levels of CRP and TNF-α were found in 33% and 38% of participants. Levels of CRP showed a positive correlation with levels of cold pain activation in brain regions including the anterior insula, posterior parietal cortex, caudate and thalamus (pcorrected < 0.05). Levels of TNF-α were not related to activation levels during either noxious pressure or cold. Pressure pain activations also did not show a relationship with CRP levels.ConclusionsShared variance between inflammation and increased levels of regional pain-related activation in people with persistent whiplash symptoms is apparent for cold, but not pressure stimuli.ImplicationsThe results highlight cold pain processing as an important aspect of whiplash chronicity, although the implications of this modality-specific effect are not readily apparent.
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Joseph, Treesa, Savita Angadi, and Deelip S. Natekar. "A Study to Assess Occupational Stress among Staff Nurses at HSK Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot, with a View to Develop an Information Guide Sheet on Stress Management." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210703.
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Background: Stress is not inherently deleterious, however, each individual's cognitive appraisal, their perceptions, and interpretations, gives meaning to events and determines whether events are viewed as threatening or positive. Nurses regularly face emotionally charged situations and encounter intense interpersonal and inter professional situations and conflict in the workplace while trying to make appropriate and safe decisions. Therefore, this study help to assess the level of stress among staff nurses and Information Guide Sheet may be help to manage that occupational stress among them. Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the occupational stress among staff nurses at HSK Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot. Methodology: The occupational stress was measured using Expanded Nurses Stress Scale from a convenient sample of 50 staff nurses working at HSK Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot in a cross sectional survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Result indicates that majority 70% of respondents had mild stress level, 30% moderate stress level. There is no presence of normal and severe stress. The overall mean stress score was found to be 56.82% with SD as 7.3%.The mean stress score was found to be higher 64.1% in the aspect of interaction, followed by 63.8% in professional status and 60.3% payment and 56.4% in organizational policies. Further, the less stress score (45.08) found in the area of autonomy and 51.28% in task requirement. Chi-square test was calculated to assess the association between socio- demographic variables and occupational stress among staff nurses, there is no significant relationship found between occupational stress of staff nurses and socio- demographic variables such as age, gender, religion, marital status, qualification, year of experience, family monthly income and number of beds. Conclusion: The finding of the study concluded that most of the staff nurses having mild and moderate level of stress. This study is effective to identify the occupational stress among staff nurses and how to overcome the stress. Keywords:Occupational stress, Staff nurses, HSK Hospital, Information Guide sheet.
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Zajdel, Małgorzata, Małgorzata Michalcewicz-Kaniowska, Paweł Modrzyński, Anna Komarnicka, and Joanna Modrzyńska. "Conditions and Determinants of Distance Education for Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Evaluation in the Kuyavia-Pomerania Region in Poland." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 10373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810373.
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This research project is the first and only comprehensive regional study in Poland including all teachers and headteachers of primary and secondary schools. The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing the learning process carried out remotely and to examine the potential of this form of education for primary and secondary school students and its future use to improve the quality and accessibility of education. An important aspect of this research was also the assessment of the respondents’ capabilities and competences in the area of operating and using digital tools in the educational process. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a total of 9070 teachers took part in this study. The method of data collection was an online survey. The research instrument consisted of a survey questionnaire. The survey was conducted electronically using tools provided by Google. The following methods were used to evaluate the data: count tables, which allowed for data exploration; a graphical method—cross-sectional analysis; and individual correlation analysis, which allowed for preliminary data evaluation. The results obtained within the research process conducted allowed us to achieve our goals. According to 42.4% of the teachers surveyed, remote learning is a good alternative to traditional teaching. The study also confirmed, inter alia, the presence of a correlation between technical conditions of classes and specific forms and levels of education, with 49.7% of respondents indicating that remote learning depends mainly on the quality of technical parameters, including a good or very good Internet connection. The biggest advantages of e-learning, as indicated by the respondents, were the possibility of working from home, conveniently sharing educational materials, and utilising additional teaching aids. Health issues and long times spent in front of the computer were highlighted as the greatest drawbacks of this teaching method. The results also showed that, as the age of the teachers increases, the acceptance and trust in distance learning activities increases while the fear of using this form of student learning decreases. This study lays the foundation for designing systemic, nationwide solutions, and thus, the authors are planning to continue their research in the context of comparative analysis of different regions and to analyse this process in the context of the entire country. The analyses performed form a part of a global line of research in the field of education and in the implementation of innovative tools and forms of education provision.
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Smajla, Darjan, Jure Žitnik, and Nejc Šarabon. "Investigation of Inter-Limb Symmetry in Knee Extensors Using Different Strength Outcome Measures." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101882.
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Muscle performance between contra-lateral knee extensors is most often assessed using maximal test for isometric/isokinetic torque evaluation. Recently, the rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF) has been used to evaluate neuromuscular capacity with a range of submaximal target peak torques, which could highlight other aspects of inter-limb (a)symmetry. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences, associations, and agreement between inter-limb symmetries of knee extensors using maximal torque (Tmax) rate of torque development (RTD), slope of the RFD-SF regression line (k), and theoretical peak of RTD (TPRTD). A total of 236 young, healthy athletes participated in the cross-sectional study. All participants performed unilateral knee extension (maximal voluntary contraction protocol and RFD-SF protocol) with both legs in the isometric knee dynamometer. Inter-limb symmetries were calculated for each outcome measure. Our results showed significant differences between all symmetry values (Tmax (91.7%), RTD (85.2%), k (94.2%), TPRTD (95.9%)). Significant strong correlations were found between symmetry values calculated from k and TPRTD (r = 0.88, p < 0.001), while weak correlation was found between Tmax and RTD (r = 0.17, p < 0.01. Fair agreement regarding leg dominance was found between Tmax and RTD values. Our results suggest that inter-limb (a)symmetries are metric- and task-specific.
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Khan, Munazza, Zafarud Din, Saba Farooq, Ahsan Mobin, Fareeha Hasan, and Syed Hassan Idrees. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference among Healthy Young Adults." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167457.
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Introduction: The inter arm difference of blood pressure is the alteration in DBP and SBP between individuals’ both arms. IAD researches have been conducted in the pregnant women, elderly and subjects with DM and cardiovascular disease, but the number of studies in healthy young adults is very limited. Aim: Therefore, this analysis intended to assess the inter-arm difference in blood pressure in healthy young adults and its relation with gender, age, family history of hypertension and BMI. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the Physiology Department of Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital Swat and Medicine department of MTI LRH, Peshawar for duration from October 2021 to March 2022. Methods: This study was held among 150 individuals. A mercury sphygmomanometer was used for measuring blood pressure. Statistical analysis was performed by means of the chi-square, paired t and SPSS 21.0 test and the Pearson correlation test. Results: The IAD absolute mean for systolic blood pressure was 6.02 ± 4.10 mm Hg, and 3.90 ± 2.79 mm Hg for DBP. There is a substantial IAD for SBP (t = 4.701, p <0.001), but no variance DBP. The IAD in SBP was suggestively related to patient’s arterial hypertension and with their family history (χ2 = 6.50, p = 0.01) but insignificantly related to age (r = +0.140, p = 0.05). The inter-arm systolic blood pressure has no substantial variance with respect to BMI and gender. Meanwhile, no statistically substantial association between gender, age, family history of hypertension, BMI, and interarm DBP. Conclusions: There is a substantial inter-arm difference in SBP amongst healthy young adult and related with age and positive hypertension family history. Keywords: Young adults, Inter-arm difference and Blood pressure.
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Pinto, Marcia Carla Morete, Fabiola Peixoto Minson, Ana Carolina Biagioni Lopes, and Claudia Regina Laselva. "Cultural adaptation and reproducibility validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD-Brazil) scale in non-verbal adult patients." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 1 (March 2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3036.
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Objective To adapt the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale to Brazilian Portuguese with respect to semantic equivalence and cultural aspects, and to evaluate the respective psychometric properties (validity, feasibility, clinical utility and inter-rater agreement). Methods Two-stage descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study involving cultural and semantic validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale, and investigation of its psychometric properties (validity, reliability and clinical utility). The sample consisted of 63 inpatients presenting with neurological deficits and unable to self-report pain. Results Semantic and cultural validation of the PAINAD scale was easily achieved. The scale indicators most commonly used by nurses to assess pain were “Facial expression”, “Body language” and “Consolability”. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale has proved to be valid and accurate; good levels of inter-rater agreement assured reproducibility. Conclusion The scale has proved to be useful in daily routine care of hospitalized adult and elderly patients in a variety of clinical settings. Short application time, ease of use, clear instructions and the simplicity of training required for application were emphasized. However, interpretation of facial expression and consolability should be given special attention during pain assessment training.
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Tuminaro, Raymond D. "Materials Aspects of the SL Lightguide Undersea Cable Design: 1988 MRS Spring Meeting Plenary Addres." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 7 (July 1988): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400065210.
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Starting in the 1950s, AT&T has been involved in the design, installation, and operation of undersea coaxial cable systems to provide international and inter-island telecommunication services. These systems are analog transmission systems, utilizing frequency division multiplexing to simultaneously transmit multiple channels over a single cable. With the passage of time, and in response to an ever growing demand for services, the frequency bandwidths of successive systems have been increased to accommodate the need for increased traffic density. The increases in bandwidth have been accompanied by increases in copper ohmic losses, brought about by the skin effect phenomenon, mandating ever shorter spacing between repeaters, and consequently larger numbers of repeaters for a given system length. The reliability outlook for extending coaxial cable technology beyond its present capacity, with a decrease in repeater spacing below the current value of about 9 km, is not favorable.Fortunately, we now have available optical fibers for transmission media. Unlike coaxial cable, the fiber medium is not limited by the skin effect phenomenon. Using fiber technology, we can transmit large amounts of traffic through a very small cross-sectional areas, using repeaters at infrequent intervals. Moreover, undersea fiber optical systems utilize digital (as opposed to analog) transmission, a format extremely advantageous in terms of transmission quality and the types of services that can be offered.
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Policarpo, Deborah Araujo, Eduarda Cristina Alves Lourenzatto, Talita Costa e. Silva Brito, Daise Aparecida Rossi, and Roberta Torres de Melo. "Epidemiological Aspects of the Initial Evolution of COVID-19 in Microregion of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105245.
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COVID-19 is considered by the World Health Organization to be a global public health emergency, which presents regional divergences that affect the epidemiological profile of the disease and are associated with political, economic, social and behavioral aspects. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the disease in the microregion of Uberlândia, Brazil, in order to determine risk factors that contributed to progression of SARS-CoV-2 virus. A cross-sectional study was conducted about micro- and macro-determinants combined with the significance analysis of suspected and confirmed cases in 18 municipalities during the epidemiological weeks (EW) 9 to 26. There were 34,046 notifications, of which 4935 (14.49%) people were diagnosed with COVID-19. Of these, 282 (5.71%) required hospital care and 40 (0.81%) died. Age and presence of associated comorbidities were decisive in the variations of incidence and lethality rates. In general, young people were the most affected and the elderly people, the most exposed to the serious and lethal form (p < 0.0001). Comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiopathies increased 33.5 times the death risk. The dispersion of the virus was centrifugal, in the inter as well as in the intra-municipal level. The disorderly implementation of municipal decrees applied in a decentralized manner in the municipalities seems to have contributed for the incidence rates increasing in the EW 25 and 26.
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Oliver, Graham R., Christopher D. Lynch, and Padhraig S. Fleming. "What I wish I’d learned as an orthodontic trainee: an online survey of British Orthodontic Society members concerning postgraduate training experiences." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520904367.
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Objective: To survey the opinion of recently qualified and established orthodontists on the perceived value of their training and to identify specific areas which which were considered to be deficient, adequately covered or focussed on excessively. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey Setting: Online electronic questionnaire. Participants: Members of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS). Methods: An electronic questionnaire was circulated to members of the BOS focusing on dental education history, and opinions concerning orthodontic teaching generally and specific clinical and non-clinical subjects. Information was also obtained in terms of possible need for improvement, modification or removal of teaching on focused academic and clinical aspects. Results: A total of 217 responses were received from 1080 emailed invitations resulting in a response rate of 20.1%. Respondents were generally satisfied with their training both in relation to theoretical, academic and practical aspects. However, training was regarded as deficient by some respondents in respect of temporary anchorage devices (38%), bonded retainers (6%), experience with lingual appliances (47%), removable aligners (44%), inter-proximal reduction (24%) and adult orthodontics (16%), working with therapists (32%), and NHS contracts (47%) and commissioning (47%). Conclusion: The overall satisfaction of BOS members with postgraduate orthodontic training is generally high, although both recently qualified and established practitioners emphasised the need for better exposure to training in specific practical aspects and practice management within the NHS.
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Alakhali, Khaled Mohammed, M. Zakour Khadari, Mogana Rajagopal, Ahsan Baig, and Osama Helweh. "Attitude towards professional practice among community pharmacists’ in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet) 62, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/ars.v62i2.15896.
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Objectives: This study was directed to evaluate community pharmacists’ attitudes towards professional practice and determine their observed competence in various pharmaceutical activities.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Kuala Lumpur. The questionnaire contained 40 questions splitted into six sections that addressed several aspects of practice and demographic information. The study was involved in 223 licensed pharmacists who work in community pharmacies. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation tests were used for statistical significance for dichotomous data.
Key findings: Among the 233 respondents in managerial activities, 194 (87%) achieved the score good, and 5 (2.2%) had the score poor. In dispensing activities, 199 (89.2%) achieved the score good, and 5 (2.2%) had the score poor. In pharmaceutical care activities, 209 (93.7%) got the score good, and 4 (1.8%) got the score poor. In inter/intra professional activities, 108 (48.4%) got the score good, and 10 (4.5%) got the score poor. In public health activities, 153 (68.6%) got the score good, and 6 (2.7%) got the score poor whereas in the maintenance of competency activities, 160 (71.7%) got the score good, and 3 (1.3%) got the score poor.
Conclusions: The highest of participants got a good attitude was 93.7% for pharmaceutical care activities while the highest of participants got poor attitude was 4.5% for inter/intra professional activities. The majority of the participants are accepting the activities to maintain competence.
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Cui, Jialiang, Limin Mao, Grenville Rose, and Christy E. Newman. "Understanding Client Empowerment: An Online Survey of Social Workers Serving People with Mental Health Issues." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy057.
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Abstract This study explored how social workers located in Sydney and Hong Kong conceptualised client empowerment. Further, it investigated these professionals’ perceived facilitators and barriers to their empowerment practices, based on an ecological framework. A cross-sectional online survey was used, where the original Empowerment Scale for clients with mental health issues was adapted to measure conceptualisation of client empowerment from social workers’ perspectives. Eighty-three social workers serving people with mental health issues (MHIs) in Sydney and eighty in Hong Kong responded. A two-factor model was generated suggesting that practitioners tend to conceptualise client empowerment into two aspects: a relation-based dimension and a resource-oriented one. Compared with their Sydney counterparts, the Hong Kong practitioners considered resource-oriented empowerment as more integral to client empowerment (t(161) = 4.17, p < 0.001). Several key factors were found to be independently associated with endorsement of the two-factor client-empowerment model by practitioners: perceived less support from medical specialists but more support from teams serving the same client, perceived benefits of social work training and, finally, beliefs in the importance of social workers’ role in client empowerment. The study highlights the multiple dimensions of client empowerment and a wide range of inter-professional and sociostructural factors enabling social workers’ practices that support empowerment. Our paper highlights the role of professional empowerment as a stepping stone to enable their client-empowerment practices through policy support and inter-professional collaboration.
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Freak-Poli, Rosanne, Silvan Licher, Joanne Ryan, M. Arfan Ikram, and Henning Tiemeier. "Cognitive Impairment, Sexual Activity and Physical Tenderness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Exploration." Gerontology 64, no. 6 (2018): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490560.
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Background: The ability to engage in sexual activity and better cognitive functioning are both associated with better health. However, the association between cognitive functioning and sexual activity is understudied. Objective: To examine the association between cognitive functioning with sexual activity and physical tenderness among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: From the Rotterdam Study, cognitive impairment and sexual activity were assessed in 4,201 community-dwelling, 60+ year olds between 2008 and 2014 in the Netherlands. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was based upon subjective complaints related to age and education-adjusted test scores. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) impairment was defined by a score of < 26. Sexual activity and physical tenderness (e.g., fondling or kissing) in the last 6 months were assessed at an interview. Analyses were stratified by gender and partner status, with prevalence rates for the “no impairment” categories weighted based on age from the cognitive impairment categories. Inter-rater reliability was examined utilising 74 cohabiting couples of opposite gender. Results: It was found that 14% were categorised as having cognitive impairment, and < 1% as dementia (excluded from subsequent analyses). There was strong evidence that the odds of engaging in physical tenderness (observed through MMSE < 26, OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.32–3.48, p = 0.002) and sexual activity (MCI, OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.35–4.12, p = 0.003) among partnered females with no impairment was twice that observed among cognitively impaired partnered females. There was weak evidence that the odds of engaging in physical tenderness (MMSE < 26, OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04–2.42, p = 0.03) and sexual activity (MMSE < 26, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02–2.24, p = 0.04) among partnered males with no impairment was 50% greater than observed among cognitively impaired partnered males. The associations between cognitive functioning and physical tenderness continued to remain after adjustment for physical function, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There was no clear evidence of a difference between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI for sexual behaviour. There was moderate to substantial agreement among the coupled adults who had 1 partner categorised with MCI. Conclusion: Having no cognitive impairment was associated with more engagement in sexual activity and physical tenderness among community-dwelling older adults. Sexuality is an important aspect of active aging and our findings illustrate a potential barrier to maintaining or instigating intimate relationships as we age. Longitudinal analyses are required to explore the direction of effect.
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Bhandari, N., GK Shrestha, and PC Thakuri. "Study of factors affecting contraceptive use among married women of reproductive Age." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2014): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10233.
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Background The use of contraception can prevent pregnancies related complication and helps in improving the women’s health and quality of their lives. Objective To explore reproductive characteristics among married women of reproductive age. To find out method of contraceptive use and side effects among married women of reproductive age. To uncover factors related to contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional was carried out among (369) married couples of reproductive age group in ward number 5, 6 and 7 of Dhulikhel Municipality using purposive sampling. Those who fell in between the age group of (14-49 years) and willing to participate were included and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Questionnaire was used to obtain informations. Results Among 369(81.3%) of the respondents of reproductive age were using a modern contraceptive method. Regarding education 331(89.5%) of women’s and 352(95.1%) of husbands were literate and 275(91.6%) of women were found to be involved in decision making and had good inter-spousal communication that is 280(93.3%). Among the temporary method of family planning, Depo-Provera was the choice 150(54.5%) of contraceptive method. Conclusion The present study put more emphasis on increase in women’s literacy, women’s involvement in decision making and inter-spousal communication which helps to promote the effective use of contraceptive methods. As women play an important role in the decision making, women should be included in all aspects of reproductive health and family planning programs. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 24-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10233
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Nitsche, Lindsay, Yeshwanth Vedire, Eric Kannisto, Xiaolong Wang, Robert J. Seager, Sarabjot Pabla, Santosh K. Patnaik, and Sai Yendamuri. "Visceral Obesity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143450.
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While obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) has been paradoxically associated with reduced risk and better outcome for lung cancer, recent studies suggest that the harm of obesity becomes apparent when measured as visceral adiposity. However, the prevalence of visceral obesity and its associations with demographic and tumor features are not established. We therefore conducted an observational study of visceral obesity in 994 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated during 2008–2020 at our institution. Routine computerized tomography (CT) images of the patients, obtained within a year of tumor resection or biopsy, were used to measure cross-sectional abdominal fat areas. Important aspects of the measurement approach such as inter-observer variability and time stability were examined. Visceral obesity was semi-quantified as visceral fat index (VFI), the fraction of fat area that was visceral. VFI was found to be higher in males compared to females, and in former compared to current or never smokers. There was no association of VFI with tumor histology or stage. A gene expression-based measure of tumor immunogenicity was negatively associated with VFI but had no bearing with BMI. Visceral obesity is appraisable in routine CT and can be an important correlate in lung cancer studies.
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B, Nandhini, S. G. Ramesh Kumar, A. Leena Selvamary, A. Sujatha, and M. B. Aswath Narayanan. "Dentist’s preparedness in practice management during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu – A cross sectional survey." International Journal of Dentistry Research 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2022.7203.
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Background: COVID 19 has created a major havoc amongst healthcare professionals, mainly Dental surgeons. However, it shall be difficult that Dental services would be denied to the people for long while. Hence, Dental practitioners must be fully prepared before resuming the services. Aim: Thus, the present survey was carried out to evaluate the attitude and preparedness of Dentist in clinical practice during pandemic. Materials and method: This online mode of cross-sectional survey was conducted through google forms among Dentists of Tamil Nadu. A pretested and validated questionnaire comprising 25 questions were used to enquire the sociodemographic details (5), attitude (7), and preparedness (13) regarding practising Dentistry during pandemic. 453 participants responded back and 52 respondents were rejected due to incomplete response. Data collected was entered in Excel sheet, coded, and analysed using SPSS software. Categorical variables are represented as N (%) and Pearson’s Chi-square test was carried out for inter-group comparison with p-value < 0.05. Results: Majority of the Dentists seemed to present with good attitude to face pandemic situations in an appropriate way. It was also found that a statistically significant difference exists among various aspects of preparedness of Dentists in terms of work experience and gender with p (<0.005). Conclusion: In the present survey, the attitude and preparedness of Dentists were found to be satisfactory concerning COVID-19, but some pitfalls exist in the preparedness necessitating the need for approaching towards essential preparedness to handle the pandemic in best possible way.
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Saleem, Tooba, and Nasir Mahmood. "Assessing the Quality of Supervision Experiences in the Different Research Stages at Postgraduate Level." Journal of Education and Educational Development 5, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i2.1851.
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<p><em>The nature of supervisory relationship is dynamic that changes over the course of candidacy. Subsequently, the supervision demands of supervisees also change to help them in performing certain tasks at specific research stages. In this context, this research is proposed to investigate the supervision experiences of supervisees in four different research stages (i.e. Stage 1: developing synopsis, Stage 2: collecting data, Stage 3: writing thesis and Stage 4: submitted thesis). In the light of six supervision aspects (i.e. Project management, Intellectual support, pertinent research skills, Inter-personal communication skills, Workload management and Supportive skills) the quality of supervision was assessed from supervisees’ perspective. Cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the supervision experiences of (N=422) supervisees in four distinct stages of research supervision. The data were collected from 12 public and private universities of the Punjab. For this study, a multi-sectioned, self-constructed Supervisor-Supervisee Relationship Questionnaire (Saleem, 2014) was used. The findings of the study highlighted the need to train the supervisors to manage their time not just in terms of teaching and supervision of research students, but also keeping the stages of their research in mind. By addressing the stage specific needs of supervisees the quality of supervision could be improved.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: quality of supervision, research stages, supervision dynamics, supervision experiences</p>
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Greenthal, Eva, Jenny Jia, Ana Poblacion, and Thea James. "Patient experiences and provider perspectives on a hospital-based food pantry: a mixed methods evaluation study." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 17 (September 5, 2019): 3261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002040.
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AbstractObjective:The purpose of this evaluation study was to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement in programme functioning and common aspects of patients’ experiences at a hospital-based food pantry.Design:Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with patients and a cross-sectional survey for providers were used. Interview transcripts were coded using both inductive and deductive approaches and assessed for inter-rater reliability. Descriptive statistics were produced from quantitative data.Setting:An academic urban safety-net hospital in the Northeastern US offering inpatient and outpatient services.Participants:Thirty patients and 89 providers.Results:Patients expressed feeling comfortable, trusting the food, high satisfaction with food quality, convenience, and lack of stigma at the hospital-based pantry. Patients mentioned the pantry helped them eat more fruits and vegetables, but expressed concerns about the healthfulness of other foods distributed. Providers believed they should discuss food insecurity (FI) with patients (99 %) and that the pantry improves the health of patients (97 %), but faced barriers to consistently screening for FI and referring patients to the pantry, such as insufficient training on FI (53 %) and time constraints (35 %).Conclusions:Findings suggest hospital-based food pantries may have several advantages. Hospitals with onsite food pantries must work to eliminate barriers to FI screening and pantry referral. To optimize their impact, such pantries should develop nutritional guidelines for food donations and connect patients with nutrition education resources. Future research should examine health outcomes for patients using hospital-based food pantries.
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Guiguet-Auclair, Candy, Marion Rouzaire, Anne Debost-Legrand, Sigrid Dissard, Manon Rouille, Amélie Delabaere, and Denis Gallot. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the EXIT to Measure Women’s Experiences of Induction of Labor." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 4217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144217.
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Background: In France, more than 20% of women require induction of labor (IOL), which can be psychologically and emotionally challenging for patients. It is important to assess how they feel about their IOL experiences. Our aim was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of a French version of the EXIT to assess women’s experiences of IOL. Methods: The EXIT was cross-culturally adapted by conducting forward and backward translations following international guidelines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the ten French EXIT items: data completeness, factor analysis, internal consistency, score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, inter-subscale correlations, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability. Results: The EXIT was successfully cross-culturally adapted to the French context and any IOL method. The results obtained from 163 patients requiring IOL showed good acceptability. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor solution with subscales reflecting the experiential aspects of time taken to give birth, discomfort with IOL, and subsequent contractions. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha or Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.84) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.66 to 0.85) for the three identified subscales were found. Conclusions: The ten-item French EXIT is a valid and reliable instrument for the self-assessment of women’s experiences of IOL in the three weeks following delivery for any method of IOL used. As a patient-reported outcome measure, it would allow the comparison of experiential outcomes across IOL studies in order to include women’s preferences in decisions regarding their care.
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Balogun, Mobolanle, Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Adekemi Sekoni, Godfred O. Boateng, Victoria Yesufu, Ololade Wright, Osinachi Ubani, Akin Abayomi, Bosede B. Afolabi, and Folasade Ogunsola. "Challenges in access and satisfaction with reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 7, 2021): e0251382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251382.
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Background The presence of COVID-19 has led to the disruption of health systems globally, including essential reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) services. This study aimed to assess the challenges faced by women who used RMNCH services in Nigeria’s epicentre, their satisfaction with care received during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with their satisfaction. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Lagos, southwest Nigeria among 1,241 women of reproductive age who had just received RMNCH services at one of twenty-two health facilities across the primary, secondary and tertiary tiers of health care. The respondents were selected via multi-stage sampling and face to face exit interviews were conducted by trained interviewers. Client satisfaction was assessed across four sub-scales: health care delivery, health facility, interpersonal aspects of care and access to services. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between personal characteristics and client satisfaction. Results About 43.51% of respondents had at least one challenge in accessing RMNCH services since the COVID-19 outbreak. Close to a third (31.91%) could not access service because they could not leave their houses during the lockdown and 18.13% could not access service because there was no transportation. The mean clients’ satisfaction score among the respondents was 43.25 (SD: 6.28) out of a possible score of 57. Satisfaction scores for the interpersonal aspects of care were statistically significantly lower in the PHCs and general hospitals compared to teaching hospitals. Being over 30 years of age was significantly associated with an increased clients’ satisfaction score (ß = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.10–2.50). Conclusion The COVID-19 lockdown posed challenges to accessing RMNCH services for a significant proportion of women surveyed. Although overall satisfaction with care was fairly high, there is a need to provide tailored COVID-19 sensitive inter-personal care to clients at all levels of care.
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Feng, Yiyi, Chuandi Zhou, Renbing Jia, Yefei Wang, and Xianqun Fan. "Quality of Life (QoL) and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Unilateral Retinoblastoma (RB) in China." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (March 23, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4384251.
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Purpose. To assess the quality of life (QoL) and the long-term psychosocial outcomes in adult survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma (RB). Methods. This is a cross-sectional study. Enrolment was offered to all adult survivors of unilateral RB who were treated by enucleation and were followed up in the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; noncancer healthy adults served as a control group. All participants completed a series of questionnaires consisting of two aspects, QoL and psychosocial status. The psychosocial outcomes included anxiety, depression, fear of cancer, and satisfaction with facial appearance. Results. A total of 66 RB survivors (43.0% male) and 66 healthy adults (33.3% male) were aged 27.94 ± 7.63 and 29.18 ± 8.37 at the time of the study, respectively. Adult RB survivors did not have significantly higher rates of depression and anxiety compared with the control group, and they experienced a relatively good QoL. RB survivors were more likely to worry about their facial appearance (median, 1.59 [inter-quartile range, IQR, 1.27 to 2.16] v median, 0.36 [IQR, 0.09 to 1.18]; p<0.001). Radiotherapy was not the factor affecting satisfaction with facial appearance (β, −0.27 [confidence interval, CI, −0.69 to 0.16]; p=0.214). Females were more likely to be influenced by the disease (mean, 29.59 ± 8.89 v mean, 24.37 ± 6.92; p=0.031) and worry about their appearance (mean, 1.88 ± 0.84 v mean, 1.46 ± 0.77; p=0.041). Conclusions. Unilateral RB survivors are a fairly healthy and resilient group. Most unilateral RB survivors experience a relatively good QoL, and they do not have poorer psychosocial functioning compared with a noncancer sample. Females may need more specific psychosocial care.
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Nguyen-Thi, Hai-Yen, Thuy-Tram Nguyen-Ngoc, Minh-Thu Do-Tran, Dung Van Do, Luyen Dinh Pham, and Nguyen Dang Tu Le. "Job satisfaction of clinical pharmacists and clinical pharmacy activities implemented at Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245537.
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Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in Vietnam pioneered the practice of clinical pharmacy; however, hospitals in HCMC have faced numerous challenges that might influence the job satisfaction of clinical pharmacists (CPs). Additionally, there have been no official statistics about clinical pharmacy activities that have been reported so far. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the current status of the clinical pharmacy profession and to analyze the key factors affecting job satisfaction of CPs in HCMC. This was a cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all the CPs in all the 128 hospitals in HCMC via an online survey tool from May to June 2020. Only about 30% of the respondents were full-time CPs. The percentage of CPs participating in clinical wards was relatively low (52.79%). “Provide drug information for patients and medical employees” was the most common clinical pharmacy activity, with the percentage of CPs participating in it being nearly 90%. Overall, 74.1% of the 197 CPs surveyed were satisfied with their current job. The factors that they were satisfied with the most and the least were “Inter & Intra professional relationships” (95.9%) and “Income” (59.9%), respectively. The only demographic and work-related characteristic that had a statistically significant association with overall job satisfaction was “Ward round participation”. Most clinical pharmacy tasks noted a high rate of participation from the CPs. Nevertheless, hospitals in HCMC was found to be experiencing a shortage of CPs and low levels of participation of CPs in ward rounds, and most CPs were unable to completely focus on clinical pharmacy tasks. Regarding CPs’ job satisfaction-related aspects, income and ward round participation appear to be the two factors that should be increased, in order to enhance CPs’ job satisfaction.
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Nasia, Avina A., Anisa N. Rosyidah, and Nabhani Ibrahim. "Relationship between Parental Health Behaviour and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Preschoolers." e-GiGi 10, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/eg.v10i1.39126.
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Abstract: Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children is affected by several factors inter alia characteristics of children and environmental factors including parental health behavior. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parental health behavior and OHRQoL among preschoolers. This was an observational study using cross sectional design. This study was conducted through interviews with 177 parents of preschoolers (5-6 years old) in Semarang using a questionnaire on parental behavior related to oral health that had been tested for validity and reliability and the Early Childhood Oral Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire. The Spearman correlation test analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the relationship between knowledge and action aspects with all ECOHIS score domains. However, there was a significant relationship between aspects of parental attitudes and the subdomain of self-image and social interaction, in particular avoiding speaking (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in the relationship between parental behavior and OHRQoL among preschoolers. However, parental attitudes potentially affect self-image and social interaction of the preschoolers.Keywords: OHRQoL; quality of life; ECOHIS; preschoolers Abstrak: Kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut/oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) pada anak-anak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu kondisi karakteristik anak dan faktor lingkungan, termasuk perilaku kesehatan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku kesehatan orang tua dengan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak-anak usia prasekolah di Semarang. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan 177 orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia prasekolah (5-6 tahun) di Semarang dengan menggunakan kuesioner perilaku orang tua terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta kuesioner Early Childhood Oral Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Analisis uji korelasi Spearman digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan aspek pengetahuan dan tindakan dengan semua domain skor ECOHIS. Namun, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara aspek sikap orang tua dengan subdomain citra diri dan interaksi sosial yaitu menghindari berbicara (p<0.05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada hubungan perilaku orang tua dengan kualitas hidup terkait gigi dan mulut pada anak. Namun, komponen sikap orang tua berhubungan dengan sub domain citra diri dan interaksi sosial.Kata kunci: OHRQoL; kualitas hidup; ECOHIS; anak usia prasekolah
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Algahtani, Fahad D., Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan, Bandar Alsaif, and Rafat Zrieq. "Assessment of the Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030847.
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The COVID-19 outbreak emerged as an ongoing crisis at the beginning of the year 2020. Its horrific manifestation at the community level significantly affects various dimensions of the quality of life (QoL) of all individuals. The study aimed to examine some of the predictors of the QoL during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey questionnaire was used to gather data on the participants’ sociodemographic backgrounds, physical health status, psychological reactions, and QoL. We adapted 12 items from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess the QoL. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. The median and inter-quartile range were used to describe the QoL scores. A multinomial regression analysis was computed between QoL score quartiles and associated factors, and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results of the multinomial regression analysis demonstrated that males (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.31–2.94); participants aged 26 to 35 years (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 1.33–19.37); non-Saudi participants (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.06–2.57); individuals with chronic diseases (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.33–3.48); those who lost their job (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.04–4.57); and those with depression (OR = 5.70; 95% CI = 3.59–9.05), anxiety (OR = 5.47; 95% CI = 3.38–8.84), and stress (OR = 6.55; 95% CI = 4.01–10.70) were more likely to be in the first quartile of the QoL scores. While the full model predicting the total QoL score was statistically significant (R2 = 0.962, F (750, 753) = 16,705.4, p < 0.001), the three QoL dimensions explained 0.643, 0.283, and 0.036 of the variability in environmental, social, and religious/spiritual dimensions, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced various aspects of individuals’ QoL, as well as their physical and psychological health. Community-based interventions are needed to mitigate the pandemic’s negative effects and enhance the health and QoL of the general population.
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Hossin, Md Immam, Mohammad Faruque, Md Humayun Kabir Talukder, Md Rasel Ahmad, Md Abdullah Al Harun, and Dipak Kumar Paul Chowdhury. "Competency based internship training programme in undergraduate dental education in Bangladesh: Clinical teachers and intern doctors' perception." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education 8, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjme.v8i1.32240.
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Background: For the first 20 years or so after formal education in dentistry commenced at Glasgow in 1879, the manner of learning technical and clinical procedures was little different from what it had been since immemorial. In other words dental students learned by watching others until it was felt that they could be trusted to perform the procedure themselves.Rationale: The intern year is the first level of hands-on training in dentistry and is an essential step in every dental surgeon's career. Opportunity to apply, consolidate and expand one's clinical knowledge, skills and also progressively increase one's responsibility for providing safe, high-quality patient care. Opportunity to develop overall patient management skill especially for the general dental practitioner. The intern year should provide a balance between education, training and clinical responsibility, enabling interns to develop the professional and personal competencies that result in good patient care and provide a foundation for lifelong learning.Objectives: The present study was undertaken to identify the Competency based internship training programme in undergraduate dental education in Bangladesh: Clinical teachers and intern doctors' perceptionMethods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in six public and private dental colleges of Bangladesh. A semi-structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale was used to collect the clinical teachers and inter doctors' perceptions. The semi-structured questionnaire was prepared on the basis of logbook based internship training programme. Before administering the questionnaires to the respondents the investigator gave them an introductory idea about the purpose of the research.Results: competencies acquired by the intern doctors were satisfactory but some problematic areas such as less duration of training period, no community placement, availability of training aid, lack of supervision as well as feedback etc were highlighted which interfered in achieving their satisfaction on their competencies.Conclusion: To ensure excellence in all aspects of internship training programme, it can be concluded that intern doctors must need to acquire sufficient competencies in most of the clinical areas for their daily practice. There are many areas for further improvement through evaluating and developing the internship training programme as well as the logbook and strengthening the clinical environment in the institutes.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.8(1) 2017: 9-13
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Goodhines, Patricia, David Barker, Caroline Gredvig-Ardito, Stephanie Crowley, Eliza Van Reen, Monique LeBourgeois, and Mary Carskadon. "0181 Characterizing Sleep Regularity from Actigraphy in Younger and Older Adolescents." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A83—A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.179.
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Abstract Introduction Many adolescents experience variable sleep timing and restricted duration attributable to biopsychosocial influences. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) captures inter-daily stability of sleep/wake intervals as the likelihood of being asleep/awake at consistent times day-to-day. The SRI may capture unique dimensions of adolescent sleep given the ability to capture highly variable sleep/wake timing (including napping); however, SRI’s relative role in maturational sleep processes remains unknown. This study characterizes the SRI and sleep correlates (bedtime, midpoint, risetime, duration, and efficiency) in younger and older adolescents, including age-based comparisons. Methods Cross-sectional data were drawn from two cohorts: 30 younger (ages 9-10 years; 13 female; 24 White) and 38 older (ages 15-16 years; 20 female; 26 White) adolescents. Participants provided 7 consecutive nights (M=6.93±0.36) of sleep diaries and actigraphy on a self-selected sleep schedule while attending school. SRI was calculated as the probability of being asleep/wake at two points 24-hours apart (Philips et al., 2017), with higher scores demonstrating more regular sleep across days. Results SRI scores and distributions were similar between younger (M=79±9, range=58-94) and older (M=80±7, range=64-91) adolescents (t[66]=-0.58, p=.56). On average, younger adolescents reported a bedtime of 21:41±31, midpoint of 02:14±30, risetime of 06:47±36, and sleep duration of 9.11±0.52 hours. In contrast, older peers reported a later bedtime of 22:46±41 (t[66]=-7.21, p<.001) and midpoint of 02:47±29 (t[66]=-4.66, p<.001), with consistent risetime 06:49±29 (t[66]=-0.17, p=.87), and thus shorter sleep duration of 8.06±0.70 hours (t[66]=6.84, p<.001). In both cohorts, SRI was correlated with less wake-time after sleep onset (rs=-.93 to -.83, ps<.001) and greater sleep efficiency (rs=.80-.93, ps<.001), but not sleep duration or timing (ps=.18-.62). Conclusion This adolescent sample demonstrated greater sleep/wake regularity compared to previous reports of college students and adolescents/young adults, supporting the hypothesis that SRI may be a proxy for regularity of other aspects of daily living (e.g., fixed school start times). Adolescent SRI appears to be independent of sleep duration (consistent with previous findings) and timing, suggesting that SRI captures a distinct dimension of sleep. This research team plans to proceed with longitudinal analysis to clarify developmental trends, further explicating the potential informative role of SRI. Support (If Any) NIH R01 AA013252 and P20 GM139743.
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Green, Nancy S., Deogratias Munube, Ezekiel Mupere, Robert Opoka, Phillip Kasirye, Paul Bangirana, Linda Rosset Buluma, et al. "Burden and Risk of Neurological and Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia in Uganda (BRAIN SAFE): Interim Overall Results." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (December 7, 2017): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.979.979.
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Abstract Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Uganda, approximately 20,000 children are born with SCA annually (Ndeezi G, 2016). Sickle brain vasculopathy causes both overt strokes and clinically "silent infarcts," affecting neurological and cognitive function (DeBaun MR, 2012). Incidence of strokes has markedly decreased through standardized preventative measures. Study objectives are to determine the age-related spectrum and burden of brain injury associated with SCA in Ugandan children, determine predisposing risk factors and build capacity to support interventions for stroke prevention. Here we present preliminary results. Methods: BRAIN SAFE is a cross-sectional study of a random sample of 250 children with SCA, ages 1-12 years, who receive care at the Mulago Hospital SCD clinic in Kampala.Potential participants were randomly selected from the clinic roster. Study exclusion criteria: hemoglobinopathy other than HbSS or HbS B0 thalassemia, age >12, acute illness, Hb <6.0gm/dl, recent transfusion, participation in another clinical study. Stroke history and examination: were performed using the pediatric NIH Stroke Scale. Psychometric testing: Age-appropriate KABC-II, TOVA, BRIEF and Mullen testing were performed by skilled testers using validated versions in English or the predominant local language. Transcranial doppler ultrasounds (TCDs) were performed (with good inter-operator reliability) by two study staff, both health professionals. They had been trained by a U.S.-based "STOP" trial TCD research nurse and a co-investigator who had TCD training in the U.S. The latter also performed standardized readings (Adams RJ, 1998). Quality assurance for TCD readings was provided by an independent stroke neurologist. Brain Magnetic imaging (MRI/MRA): Using a single 1.5T scanner, a subset of subjects enriched for a history of stroke, abnormal neurological exam and/or cognitive testing. Two radiologists performed clinical reads. An independent neuroradiologist assessed sickle vasculopathy, per "SWiTCH" protocol (Helton KJ, 2014), blinded to clinical and radiological data. Primary and secondary stroke prevention : Subjects with persistently non-normal TCDs on repeat testing or vasculopathy on MRI/MRAswill be offered hydroxyurea . Results: Of the 248 participants screened in the 1st funding year, 233 were enrolled (mean age 5.62 years (range 1-12). Study exclusions due to age >12, acute illness, severe anemia, recent transfusion or participation in another study. History and neurological exam : Overall, 7 of 233 had history consistent with a stroke, and an abnormal neurological exam, 5 had a history consistent with stroke but a normal neurological exam, 6 had abnormal neurological findings but no history of stroke (total abnormal 18/233, 7.7%). Psychometrics : To date, cognitive test data results have been performed on 80 children; 30 (37.5%) were impaired with varying severity. (Full reports to follow.) TCDs : A total of 224 non-imaging TCDs have been performed. Using standard criteria, 190 were normal, 4 abnormal (1.8%), and 30 conditional (13.4%). Repeat TCDs have been performed on 13 of those with non-normal reads and so far, 2 were abnormal, 6 conditional, 4 normal,1 had difficult windows. MRI/MRAs: A subset of 29 subjects were selected with more clinical and/or historical stroke pathology (N= 25, 86%) and have undergone MR imaging to date (see Table). Mean age was 7.1 years (range 3-12); male: 55%. Of 26 with clinical radiological reads, 16 / 26 (61.5%) were abnormal. To date, scans from 12 subjects have had SCD vascular reads: 2 had no vasculopathy; 10 were abnormal: 6 with infarcts and arterial stenoses, 3 with infarcts only, 1 with bilateral stenoses only. Conclusions: BRAIN SAFE, a Kampala-based cross-sectional study, has already enrolled and completed a large proportion of study procedures. Considerable brain pathology has been identified in all aspects tested, with high prevalence of abnormal history or physical findings, abnormal psychometrics, abnormal cerebral blood flow and/or brain MR imaging. Completion of enrollment and testing for the target sample will provide baseline data for longitudinal assessment and intervention. Building research capacity for faculty and trainees is ongoing. Acknowledgments: 1R21HD089791 (PIs: Idro, Green) and Latanya Bowman, RN, Augusta University Sickle Cell Center. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Marconi, V., M. Iommi, C. Monachesi, A. Faragalli, E. Skrami, R. Gesuita, L. Ferrante, and F. Carle. "Validity of age estimation methods and reproducibility of bone/dental maturity indices for chronological age estimation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of validation studies." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (September 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19944-5.
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AbstractSeveral approaches have been developed to estimate age, an important aspect of forensics and orthodontics, using different measures and radiological examinations. Here, through meta-analysis, we determined the validity of age estimation methods and reproducibility of bone/dental maturity indices used for age estimation. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to December 31, 2021 for human cross-sectional studies meeting pre-defined PICOS criteria that simultaneously assessed the reproducibility and validity. Meta-estimates of validity (mean error: estimated age-chronological age) and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (Cohen’s kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient) and their predictive intervals (PI) were calculated using mixed-effect models when heterogeneity was high (I2 > 50%). The literature search identified 433 studies, and 23 met the inclusion criteria. The mean error meta-estimate (mixed effects model) was 0.08 years (95% CI − 0.12; 0.29) in males and 0.09 (95% CI − 0.12; 0.30) in females. The PI of each method spanned zero; of nine reported estimation methods, Cameriere’s had the smallest (− 0.82; 0.47) and Haavikko’s the largest (− 7.24; 4.57) PI. The reproducibility meta-estimate (fixed effects model) was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97; 1.00) for intra- and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98; 1.00) for inter-observer agreement. All methods were valid but with different levels of precision. The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was high and homogeneous across studies.
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Quintero, Ivan Dario. "Popliteus muscle. An anatomical study." International Archives of Medicine 11 (October 16, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/2581.
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Background: The popliteus muscle fulfills a function of rotational stabilizer of the knee. Its particular shape and innervation pattern are the interest of anatomists and surgeons. The aim of this work was characterizing the anatomy and innervation of the popliteus muscle of knees from a sample of mestizo-raced population, predominant in Latin America.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was made in 23 knee segments 14 right knees and 9 left knees coming from 14 men and 9 women aged 67 ± 22 years.
Results: The popliteus muscle presented a scalene-like triangle shape and its medial base was covered by the superficial expansion of the semimembranosus tendon. The length of its base was 79,2±12,8 mm with a superior and inferior side that measured 58.0±7.4 mm and 101.7±11.7 mm respectively. The popliteus muscle innervation was supplied by the tibial nerve (TN) by the arising of two branches in 22 cases (95.7%). The first branch arose proximal to the inter articular line and presented a length of 91,1 mm. The second branch arose distally to the inter articular line with a length of 48.4±1.3mm. The third was observed in just one case (4.3%) Its length was 108±1.1mm and it arose distally to the inter articular line.
Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of the popliteus muscle and its innervation patterns found in our study differ from what was reported in previous studies. The presence of these findings can be considered during the planning of surgical procedures in the posterior aspect of the knee.
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Amin, Mustafa M., Elmeida Effendy, Vita Camellia, Munawir Saragih, Ahmad Kamil, and Rusly Harsono. "Validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (January 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1045635.
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BackgroundNegative symptoms have long been conceptualized as a core aspect of schizophrenia. Despite widespread recognition of the status of these symptoms as independent dimensions of schizophrenia, they are sometimes difficult to distinguish from depression or cognitive impairment. Therefore, objective assessment of schizophrenia symptoms is critical by obtaining a valid and reliable Indonesian version of the SANS instrument. This study aimed to determine the content validity, concurrent, internal consistency reliability, inter-rater, cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity of the SANS instrument.MethodsThis is a diagnostic study using the cross-sectional method to determine the relationship between the SANS and PANSS instruments on the negative symptom subscale. It was located at the Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital of North Sumatera Province.ResultsOf the 400 subjects, 67.5% were males, and the median age of the subjects was 37 years (18–45). The results of the content validity test were good (mean I-CVI=1.00), and the concurrent validity test comparing the SANS and PANSS instruments on the negative symptom subscale obtained significant results (p < 0.001) with a strong correlation (r = 0.763). Additionally, the consistency reliability test had a very high internal score (Cronbach alpha = 0.969), the overall inter-rater reliability test was “very good” (ICC = 0.985), and the cut-off value was 10.5 with sensitivity and specificity values of 72.9 and 77.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe Indonesian version of the SANS instrument is valid and reliable for measuring negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia in Indonesia.
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Le Roux, Anique, Jennifer McCall, Jessica Pudwell, Jamie S. Pyper, and Olga Bougie. "Therapeutic journey of adolescents and young adults with severe dysmenorrhea and endometriosis." Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders, August 11, 2022, 228402652211162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22840265221116271.
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Introduction: We aimed to appreciate the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of young women with endometriosis including disease presentation, obstacles to diagnosis and management, and impact on their life. Methods: We employed a mixed-method design, including chart review, 94-item questionnaire assembled from components of the EPHect EPQ-S and semi-structured interviews. The study setting was Kingston Health Sciences Centre in Kingston, Ontario. Participants were women under 28 years with severe dysmenorrhea. Questionnaire data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interviews were coded using the constant comparative analysis method by two analyzers and inter-rater reliability was calculated, then data were compared using a cross-sectional method. Results: Twenty-four participants were identified through chart review, 10 completed the questionnaire, and 5 participated in the interviews. Questionnaire participants, mean age 24.5 years ± 2.3, reported initial pelvic pain at a mean age of 13.9 years (SD 1.9). Fifty percent of participants have an endometriosis diagnosis, at a mean age of 19.2 years (SD 2.6). Three major themes emerged from our analysis. The journey with disease and therapy begins long before diagnosis and creates a culture of self-directed care. Lack of knowledge about endometriosis and women’s health by health care professionals and the public delays diagnosis and therapy. Endometriosis broadly impacts every aspect of an individual’s life. Conclusion: We found that young adults with severe dysmenorrhea and/or endometriosis present with symptoms at a young age. They encounter multiple obstacles in reaching a diagnosis and obtaining therapy. They often self-manage their pelvic pain and experience reduced quality of life.
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Selvaraj, Abirami, Sumathi Felicita, and Smiline Girija. "Prevalence of Oral Microbial Flora during Orthodontic Space Closure: A Pilot Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2020/45173.14141.
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Introduction: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances especially during the retraction stage makes it challenging to maintain the oral hygiene. Attachments used, such as elastic chains, loops and springs, result in changes in the oral environment due to the accumulation of plaque and increase in the levels of bacterial count mainly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli species. Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral microbial flora during orthodontic space closure. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted during the month of December 2019 which consisted of eight patients who were randomly selected among the age group of 18-25 years. Mean and SD of age in Males (4) and Females (4) were 22±2.16 years and 22.25±1.70 years, respectively and had reported to the Department of Orthodontics of a private dental college, Saveetha Dental College. In each patient, after 6-8 months of orthodontic treatment, plaque samples were collected only once around the orthodontic brackets at the cervical aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary premolar, mandibular canine, mandibular premolar in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quadrant respectively, by the method of cotton swabbing for the evaluation of micro flora. Independent paired t-test and One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Tukey HSD test were done to estimate the prevalence of microorganisms at different sites. Results: Independent paired t-test showed highly significant differences in the levels of Streptococcus mutans when compared to Lactobacillus (p<0.001) with mean values of 4.8±2.5 and 23.1±9.2 for Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, respectively. One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Turkey HSD analysis showed significant difference at the region of maxillary lateral incisor compared to other sites whereas Lactobacillishowed no significant differences between the various sites tested (p-value<0.001). Kappa statistics was performed which revealed an inter examiner reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: During orthodontic space closure, bacterial count of Streptococcus mutans showed a statistically significant difference between different sites (maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars) with highest being the maxillary incisor region followed by that of mandibular canines. However, the incidence of Lactobacillusacidophilus did not show any difference between the various sites evaluated.
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Guha, S., A. Madhukar, K. Kaviani, Li Chen, R. Kuchibhotla, R. Kapre, M. Hyugachi, and Z. Xie. "Molecular Beam Epitaxical Growth of AlxGa1-xAs on non- Planar Patterned GaAs (100)." MRS Proceedings 145 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-145-27.
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AbstractWe have examined some aspects of inter-facet migration during molecular beam epitaxical(MBE) growth of AlxGal-xAs on patterned GaAs (100) substrates. Scanning and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy are employed to examine the evolution of the growth front profile. We observe significant inter facet migration from (3111/1411) facets which originate from the terrace edges to the flat terrace region. The migration length of cations on these facets is at least 0.9 μm for GaAs growth while for A10.5Ga0.5As it is less than 0.3 μm. We also observe a decreasing inter- facet migration rate with increasing growth. This interfacet migration is exploited for in situ, growth kinetics controlled, creation of laterally confined quantum well structures on the top terrace region and photoluminescence results for these structures are presented.
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Muhammad Osama, Saman Shaukat, Momnah Javed, and Maryam Naeem. "Prevalence of urinary incontinence among young female adults." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, June 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.4282.
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A cross sectional survey was conducted in 2018-2019 to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence among university going nulligravid young female adults in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 608 participants were included in the study via convenience sampling. Data was collected regarding demographic and personal information, in addition to Medical, Epidemiologic, and Social Aspects of Aging (MESA) Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire (UIQ). Independent t-test and One-way ANOVA were used for inter-group comparisons. Pearson and Spearman correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables. The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was observed to be 31.7% (n=193), and of stress, urge and mixed incontinence was found to be 10.5% (n=64), 9.2% (n=56) and 12% (n=73) respectively. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in terms of MESA-UIQ stress incontinence and urge incontinence scores based on tobacco use, menstrual disorders, eating disorders and marital status. Keywords: Epidemiology, urinary incontinence, stress incontinence, urge incontinence, young adults, prevalence, nulligravidity.
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Sarraj, Amrou, Amelia K. Boehme, Clark W. Sitton, Emilio P. Supsupin, Proleta Datta, Suhas S. Bajgur, Jeanie M. Choi, et al. "Abstract T MP3: Collaterals Predicts Imaging Evolution and Patient Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients." Stroke 46, suppl_1 (February 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.tmp3.
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Background: Collateral flow and early ischemic changes on CT are pivotal determinants of outcome in patients with large artery occlusion (LAO). Evolution of stroke occurs during inter-facility transfer. We sought to evaluate the association between collaterals and stroke evolution measured by ASPECTS decay and the relationship of these imaging findings with patient outcomes. Methods: In a cross-sectional multicenter study, we evaluated 313 transferred patients with AIS and LAO (MCA or ICA) from 01/08-04/14. The collateral score (CS) (Figure 1) and ASPECTS were measured. Good collaterals were defined as scores 2-3 (poor; scores 0-1). ASPECTS decay was defined as dichotomized deterioration in ASPECTS from good (8-10) to bad (0-7) during transfer. ASPECTS was also analyzed as an ordinal variable. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the collaterals, ASPECTS and patients good and poor (mRS 0-2 and 4-6, respectively) outcomes. Results: Table 1 depicts baseline characteristics. Patients with poor CS had greater odds of ASPECTS decay during transfer (OR 13.4, 95%CI 7.5-24, p<0.0001), which was associated with higher odds of mRS 4-6 (OR 7.1, 95%CI 3.7-13.8, p<0.0001). The association between poor CS and poor outcome was maintained after adjustment for ASPECTS decay, stroke severity and IV tPA treatment (OR 10.9, 95%CI 4-34, p<0.0001). For every 30 minutes in transfer time, the odds of ASPECTS decay increased by 13% (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.05-1.2, P 0.0004). With each 1 point drop in ASPECTS, the odds of good outcome were reduced by 42% (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.54-0.66, P < 0.0001). On mediation analysis, ASPECTS decay explained 75% of the relationship between poor CS and poor outcome (Sobel 2.11, p 0.03) after adjusting for IV tPA treatment and stroke severity. Conclusion: Our cohort shows that stroke evolution is determined by transfer time and collateral flow, which are pivotal determinants of clinical outcome in patients with AIS and LAO.
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Ravindran, Rashmi, Rekha Krishnankutty, MC Rajesh, and Vineetha Prabhakaran. "Motivational Factors and Training Aspects in Postgraduate Students of Anaesthesiology: A Survey." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2021/47894.14525.
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Introduction: Anaesthesiology is a fast growing branch of medicine. There is marked shortage of anaesthesiologists in India and this hinders the growth of surgical and interventional specialities which hinges on well-trained, enthusiastic anaesthesiology support. Exploring the perceptions about the speciality among Postgraduate (PG) students could help in planning strategies to make a career choice in anaesthesiology look more attractive. Aim: To explore the motivational factors for the choice of anaesthesiology for postgraduation, various aspects of PG training, stress among PGs and satisfaction with career choice in order to delineate the perceptions about the speciality among the medical graduates and to find out avenues for improvement to make the speciality more attractive. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed among 300 PG students in anaesthesiology who attended various national level conferences in India and state level conferences in Kerala between November 2015 and March 2018. Data collected was statistically analysed using R software version 3.1. All the quantitative variables were summarised as mean±SD (Standard Deviation) or median with IQR (Inter Quartile Range) depending on the distribution. Qualitative variables were summarised as proportions. Association between factors was analysed using Chi-square test or Fisher’s-exact test. Results: Anaesthesiology was the first career preference for only 34.63% (n=88) of the participants. Predominant reasons for choosing anaesthesiology included unavailability of other specialities (32.8%, n=82) and good job opportunities without need of super specialisation (32%, n=80). After joining anaesthesiology, majority (68%, n=175) were satisfied with their career choice. Satisfaction with PG training, assessed by the Likert scale was high among the participants and majority suggested improvements especially in theory classes, case discussions and simulation. Stress was experienced by 60% (n=154) of participants ascribed mainly due to lack of time for academics due to high workload. Conclusion: Improving awareness among public health professionals and medical students and increasing Undergraduate (UG) exposure to the subject would increase the proportion of students joining anaesthesiology with genuine interest and improve the recruitment profile. Modifications in training and measures to reduce stress during training should also be considered.
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Shao, Shuang, Huirong Zhang, Xiaolei Chen, Xiaojingyuan Xu, Yali Zhao, Meirong Wang, and Juan Du. "Health education services utilization and its determinants among migrants: a cross-sectional study in urban-rural fringe areas of Beijing, China." BMC Family Practice 22, no. 1 (January 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01368-1.
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Abstract Background Domestic migration poses a challenge for China as migrants have little access to preventive healthcare services and are vulnerable to certain risks and diseases. This research sought to unveil and explore the determinant factors associated with health education utilization as a key aspect in basic public health services for migrants in Beijing, China. Methods A sample of 863 inter-provincial migrants, 18 years old and above, was selected by three-stage stratified cluster sampling method in urban-rural fringe areas of Beijing during 2016 to 2017. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted in the questionnaire survey. The effects of the explanatory variables on health education utilization from predisposing, enabling, health behaviors and need variables were used to demonstrate by Anderson health service utilization model. Results The study revealed that 61.6% migrants desired to receive health education, while only 53.8% of them received in the past year. There were differences in the utilization and needs of health education among the migrants in different ages and genders. Many migrants desired to gain access to various types of health education information from the internet. Chi-square independence test lists such major determinant factors in migrants whole health education as age, “Hukou” registration system, marital status, education level, long-term residence plan in Beijing, one or more children in Beijing, employment status, housing source, average daily working time, exercises, health knowledge, smoking, self-rated health. The binary logistic regression indicates that the migrants with younger age, high education level, one or more children in Beijing, exercises and good self-rated health were more likely to receive whole health education. The results also show that average daily working time of enabling variables and exercise of health behavior variables were the strong and consistent determinants of three types of health education utilization, including communicable, non-communicable and occupational diseases. Conclusion Gaps exist between the needs and utilization in health education and more attention should be given to the migrants with heavy workload and low education level. Feasible policies and measures, such as multiple health information channels, should be vigorously implemented to ensure equitable and easy access to health education for migrants.