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Journal articles on the topic 'Inter-industry interactions'
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Ermolova, O. V., and V. V. Kirsanov. "EFFICIENCY OF INTER-INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS IN AGRI-FOOD COMPLEX." Territory Development, no. 1(19) (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32324/2412-8945-2020-1-38-43.
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The results of a study of the effectiveness of intersectoral interactions in the agri-food complex are presented. Particular attention is paid to the factors of interindustry balance, changes in interindustry proportions of exchange, and the dynamics of intermediate consumption. The results of the analysis of the interindustry structure of the participation of the stages of food chains in the production of value added are shown. An assessment is given of the possibilities of including industries and enterprises of the complex in global value chains and the necessity of ensuring national control of their priority links is substantiated. The proposals on the development of the mechanism of state support in the context of growing integration dependence are contained.
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Hanousek, Jan, Evžen Kočenda, and Pavla Vozárová. "FDI's Impact on Inter-industry Interactions among Domestic Suppliers of Intermediate Goods." Politická ekonomie 65, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.1151.
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Rubtsova, Natalia, and Konstantin Solodukhin. "Conceptual model for assessing the effectiveness of inter-organizational relations in the tourism network." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020805002.
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Tourism industry as an object of management can be represented as a set of formal relations (interactions) between different organizations. Domestic and foreign researchers are unanimous in the opinion that the network interaction of companies is an important condition for the tourism industry effective functioning and for the sustainable development of a tourist destination as well. In terms of the named vector of scientific research, the efficiency of the inter-organizational relations (IOR) deserves special attention. At the initial stage of discussion are both the content of the IOR efficiency category and its assessment. The article presents a conceptual model for assessing the IOR efficiency in tourism in the context of a combination of three approaches: goal-oriented, functional and systemic. The authors identified the functions, goals, and indicators of the efficiency of inter-organizational relations in the tourism network.
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Ye, Di, Yenchun Jim Wu, and Mark Goh. "Hub firm transformation and industry cluster upgrading: innovation network perspective." Management Decision 58, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2017-1266.
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PurposeThis research paper examines how hub firm transformation and restructuring of network partnerships shape the development of industrial clusters in China.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire data were collected from 210 managers (response rate 70.9 percent) from the manufacturing industrial clusters in Eastern China.FindingsThe results inform that a cluster’s hub firm transformation influences the evolution of the cluster. Though the hub firm may possess transformation capabilities, the cluster is likely to be weakened if network partnerships and resource synergy are not formed amongst the cluster members.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper, in examining the individual- and firm-level attributes of orchestration capability and their interactions, sheds light on the firm level and inter-firm level relationships between resources and innovation in an industrial cluster.Practical implicationsTo facilitate learning and the upgrading of firms within an industry cluster and promote a cluster’s innovation network, policymakers can initiate preferential policy measures to cultivate support to strategically transform a cluster’s hub firm, thus fostering cluster network growth.Originality/valueThe paper studies the evolution of clusters by investigating the hub firm transformation and member firm interaction. Focusing on the inter-firm network interactions lends a richer understanding of the nuances of the evolution of industrial clusters in Asia.
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Chiu, Dickson K. W., Qing Li, Patrick C. K. Hung, Zhe Shan, S. C. Cheung, Yu Yang, and Matthias Farwick. "Service Composition and Interaction in a SOC Middleware Supporting Separation of Concerns with Flows and Views." Journal of Database Management 22, no. 2 (April 2011): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2011040102.
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Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has recently gained attention both within industry and academia; however, its characteristics cannot be easily solved using existing distributed computing technologies. Composition and interaction issues have been the central concerns, because SOC applications are composed of heterogeneous and distributed processes. To tackle the complexity of inter-organizational service integration, the authors propose a methodology to decompose complex process requirements into different types of flows, such as control, data, exception, and security. The subset of each type of flow necessary for the interactions with each partner can be determined in each service. These subsets collectively constitute a process view, based on which interactions can be systematically designed and managed for system integration through service composition. The authors illustrate how the proposed SOC middleware, named FlowEngine, implements and manages these flows with contemporary Web services technologies. An experimental case study in an e-governmental environment further demonstrates how the methodology can facilitate the design of complex inter-organizational processes.
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Gertner, Drew, Joanne Roberts, and David Charles. "University‐industry collaboration: a CoPs approach to KTPs." Journal of Knowledge Management 15, no. 4 (July 19, 2011): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13673271111151992.
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PurposeThis article seeks to explore the micro‐dimensions of knowledge transfer partnerships (KTPs) with the aim of developing an appreciation of the personal interactions that facilitate the success of these university‐industry collaborations.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical evidence concerning the operation of three KTPs, collected through interviews with the key partners and the review of relevant documentary material, is analysed through the lens of the communities of practice approach to situated learning.FindingsThe analysis of three case studies provides evidence to support the value of conceptualising the process of knowledge transfer between universities and industry as one of learning taking place within communities in which the development of mutual engagement, joint enterprise and shared repertoires play important roles facilitating successful collaborations. Moreover, the analysis highlights the significance of the boundary spanning roles of the KTP partners in facilitating the knowledge transfer process through engagement in both the university and industry communities.Research limitations/implicationsBy illuminating the dimensions of the inter‐personal interactions involved in the knowledge transfer process the CoPs analysis provides the foundations for recommendations to improve university‐industry KTPs, in particular, and, inter‐organisational knowledge transfer initiatives in general. A limitation of this research is its focus on the UK context. Moreover, given the exploratory nature of this study further research is required to verify the findings reported here.Originality/valueThe article makes an original empirical and conceptual contribution to understandings of university‐industry knowledge transfer collaborations.
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Aliu, Dorian, Ayten Akatay, and Armando Aliu. "The Influence of Inter-Stakeholders’ Communication on University – Industry Collaboration." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 4, no. 8 (February 9, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijbpg040801.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of this study is to examine the influence of inter-stakeholders’ communication on universities which mutually collaborate with both internal and external stakeholders in frame of university – industry collaboration (UIC) and coordinate their internal structure in this direction<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach:</strong> In this study, literature review and theoretical approach were applied to find out the interrelationships of four basic theories (i.e. Communicative Actions Theory, Media Richness Theory, Actor-Networks Theory, and Stakeholder Theory) that are located amongst inter-stakeholders communication and UIC.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> There is a strong nexus between stakeholder theory and other mentioned three theories. Stakeholder theory has a magnet role in combining UIC and inter-stakeholders’ communication. Communicative actions theory, media richness theory and actor-networks theory have supportive and transformative effects on stakeholder theory to uphold the relationships at multivariate levels, actors and institutions.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications:</strong> The research was limited to the communication dimension of stakeholders and UIC. There are many other dimensions; such as, reciprocal trust, commitment, continuity and understanding. Investigators are encouraged to improve a reliable and valid scale and test these factors in an empirical way.</p><p><strong>Practical implications</strong>: The paper includes implications for the development of the position of managers in communicative activities in which universities build interactions with their stakeholders and create an open system that is a strategic point.</p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>The original contribution of this study is to attach considerable attention to university interfaces (e.g. UIC Centre, Technocity / Technopark, Technology Transfer Office, Incubation Centre) and the managers working in these institutions have very crucial functions to establish cooperation amongst university and industry, and contain multidimensional and multidisciplinary aspects of collaboration and communication.
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Petrov, Mikhail B., Leonid А. Serkov, and Кonstantin B. Kozhov. "Modelling the Heterogeneity of the Mutual Influence between Russian Regions in the Manufacturing Industry." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-16.
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As factors affecting interregional interactions play an important role in regional economic development. Thus, developing a methodology for assessing these interactions is becoming urgent. The article proposes a methodological approach to analyse the factors influencing possible interactions between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manufacturing industry. It is hypothesised that the elements of an interregional interaction matrix are proxy variables characterising the degree of this interaction. An economic analysis of relations and production chains between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entitles confirmed this hypothesis. First, based on the spatial distribution of manufacturing output in the examined regions, values of an indicator showing the strength of their mutual influence were determined. Second, the impact of economic, infrastructural and institutional factors on the obtained indicator, characterising the inter action between Sverdlovsk oblast and other regions, was assessed using quantile regression. In this case, such a technique was chosen instead of the classical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression that incorrectly estimates the dependencies between the studied variables. This is expressed in the fact that the regression coefficients de pend on q-quantile of the dependent variable. We have revealed that price levels of the examined regions do not affect their possible interactions with Sverdlovsk oblast. Simultaneously, the dissemination of knowledge acts a driver of interaction between the considered regional manufacturing industries. The research findings can be used to prepare strategies, programmes and schemes for the placement and development of industries, considering the potential of Sverdlovsk oblast and other Russian regions.
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Petrov, Mikhail B., Leonid А. Serkov, and Кonstantin B. Kozhov. "Modelling the Heterogeneity of the Mutual Influence between Russian Regions in the Manufacturing Industry." Economy of Region 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 944–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-16.
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As factors affecting interregional interactions play an important role in regional economic development. Thus, developing a methodology for assessing these interactions is becoming urgent. The article proposes a methodological approach to analyse the factors influencing possible interactions between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manufacturing industry. It is hypothesised that the elements of an interregional interaction matrix are proxy variables characterising the degree of this interaction. An economic analysis of relations and production chains between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entitles confirmed this hypothesis. First, based on the spatial distribution of manufacturing output in the examined regions, values of an indicator showing the strength of their mutual influence were determined. Second, the impact of economic, infrastructural and institutional factors on the obtained indicator, characterising the inter action between Sverdlovsk oblast and other regions, was assessed using quantile regression. In this case, such a technique was chosen instead of the classical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression that incorrectly estimates the dependencies between the studied variables. This is expressed in the fact that the regression coefficients de pend on q-quantile of the dependent variable. We have revealed that price levels of the examined regions do not affect their possible interactions with Sverdlovsk oblast. Simultaneously, the dissemination of knowledge acts a driver of interaction between the considered regional manufacturing industries. The research findings can be used to prepare strategies, programmes and schemes for the placement and development of industries, considering the potential of Sverdlovsk oblast and other Russian regions.
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Ajagunna, Ibrahim, and Ann P. Crick. "Managing interactions in the tourism industry – a strategic tool for success." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 6, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2013-0051.
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Purpose – This conceptual paper aims to examine how the concept of host and guest interaction could help remedy the socio-economic impacts as created by tourism in Jamaica. The paper identifies that tourism development in Jamaica has created a range of negative social impacts, which include changes in attitude, aspirations and lifestyles of young people, who may come from poor backgrounds but are increasingly exposed to the consumerist lifestyles of wealthy visitors and the so-called role models in the society, “the Dons”. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach was employed as the focus for this study. The survey of residents, and tourists in Ocho Rios and Negril in Jamaica were primary sources of data for this paper. Findings – The tourism industry in Jamaica has seen a great diversification in recent years. The industry now ranges from conventional tourism (sun, sand, sea and sex) to cruise tourism, moderate community based tourism, heritage and cultural tourism, and more recently nature-tourism. However, social factors remain a deterrent. It is apparent that relying on the concept and principles of host and guest interaction presents a strategic option for success and if one is to understand the impact of tourism on the residents, the inter-action between the various elements in the system must be understood. Originality/value – The attitudes of Jamaicans are important in determining the level of host and guest interaction and the level of success in the industry. Attitude is the fulcrum from which quality service is delivered; as such, the people must be in tune with the industry at all levels in order to achieve a sustainable tourism industry.
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Kronlid, Carl, and Enrico Baraldi. "Time-constrained interactions in public-private collaboration projects. The case of ENABLE." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 6 (February 26, 2020): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0221.
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Purpose This paper aims to focus on time-constrained interactions involving industry and public actors, mainly universities, conducting research. This kind of interaction has become increasingly important to develop new pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. The proposed theoretical frame relies on industrial marketing and purchasing’s interactive perspective on inter-organizational relationships and especially the activities, resource, actors model, combined with key concepts on temporary organizing and project management. This study identifies the temporality and time constraints imposed by this project on public–private interactions, specific coordination tools used to create such temporality and time constraints and their consequences, including positive and negative effects for the interacting parties. Design/methodology/approach The study builds on a single in-depth qualitative case study of a major antibiotics R&D collaboration project called ENABLE. Findings For negative consequences, this model includes the need for constantly rebuilding trust due to fast turnover of actors, difficulties in combining resources as efficiently as possible, resource constraints, bottlenecks and neglect of some activities, such as publishing, which are normally pivotal for universities. Despite these problematic consequences of temporality, resources are rapidly made available and new competencies learned quickly. Another positive effect is the possibility to achieve complex adaptations of resources and activities even in short time frames. Importantly, projects can act as a springboard for the parties to continue collaboration and in the long term develop a continuous business relationship. Originality/value Based on the findings the authors develop a model of time-constrained inter-organizational interaction between public and private organizations.
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Hirawan, Susiati B., and Nur Kholis. "PERKEMBANGAN HUBUNGAN ANTAR SEKTOR DAN ANTAR DAERAH DALAM PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA: ANALISA MODEL INTER REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TAHUN 1995 DAN 2000." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v8i1.126.
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The changes in sectors and linkages in Indonesian economy have been changing thus affecting the structure. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the nation ‘s economic structure by focusing on the development of intra/inter sectors and intra/inter regions linkage using interregional input-Output (IRlO) model in 1995 and 2000 data. The model analyzes the changes by applying the concept of technical coefficient stability, testing changes on the coefficients, and exploring the basic IRIO modeL The study found that there has been a significant decrease of relative relationship between sectors and regions in Indonesian economy albeit of seemingly insignjfìcant. Further, the analysis in intra and inter regions showed that an increase in intra regions relationship has not been significant meanwhile the decrease of inter regions relationship has been significant. The studies also revealed that industry was a high potential sector in national development priorities not only because of its high multiplier but also its role in strengthening and increasing the interactions of intra/inter sectors and intra/inter regions.
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Kim, Namhyun, and Changsup Shim. "Taking it personally: How to increase interorganizational knowledge sharing in a tourist district." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417704886.
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Despite the critical role individual workers play in delivering tourism products and services, there is a dearth of empirical information about “personal” factors that influence inter-organizational knowledge sharing in relation to tourist destinations. This study fills this knowledge gap by exploring personal factors that influence inter-organizational knowledge sharing, by empirically examining the personal experiences of individuals working for various organizations in the Bomun Tourism Complex, the oldest national tourist district in Gyeongju, South Korea. The results of our preliminary survey showed that Bomun Tourism Complex employees tend to interact with others in the same type of business and in private meetings as opposed to in more public or industry-wide meetings, with wide variation in the level of actual interaction. In-depth interviews then focused on three personal factors we had identified in an extensive literature review: personal attitude, competence, and embeddedness. Based on the results, three practical implications to increase inter-organizational knowledge sharing were offered: educating people about the substantial benefits of interorganizational knowledge sharing, finding ways to promote community spirit within the cluster, increasing various types of interactions and meetings, and activating the mediating role of destination management organizations.
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Jinkins, Larry. "Innovation Opportunities in Sport Management." Sports Innovation Journal 2 (June 10, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24403.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of innovation sprints, flash teams, and inter-disciplinary collaboration in sport management programs that reduce the apparent proficiency gaps that exist between the expectations of industry and the college graduate. Companies in a variety of industries are using these tools to solve complex problems as the velocity of change and volume of data are increasing at a rate that makes constant innovation a necessity. However, higher education traditions and curricular silos appear to be causing graduates to fall further behind the needs of industry. Two innovation sprints have shown the ability to provide students with improved skills for industry while enhancing their understanding of sport management competencies through rapid prototyping, human-centered design, and flash teams. One innovation sprint involved a cross-campus collaborative experience. The second focused on a multi-college/university collaboration within sport management. Though both experiences produced better-than-expected results, the inter-disciplinary sprint may have produced a higher level of outputs. Furthermore, faculty and students alike appear to benefit from inter-disciplinary interactions as everyone learns more about each field represented and allows everyone to have an equal voice through a common lens. If sport management programs remain in their designated silo, their graduates may be falling further behind the expectation of employers. Previous literature suggests the benefits of innovative practices significantly enhance learning and drive creative problem-solving. Therefore, sport management programs may want to exploreusing innovation sprints, flash teams, and inter-disciplinary collaboration practices as viable practices to enhance student learning outcomes.
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Su, Jin. "Examining the relationships among the brand equity dimensions." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 28, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2015-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of the inter-relationships among brand equity dimensions in the fast fashion context. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the empirical data collected from 419 fast fashion consumers in the USA, the study investigated the inter-relationships among the various brand equity dimensions by structural equation modeling. Findings – The findings reveal that brand awareness has a significant and positive direct impact on brand personality and perceived value; brand personality has a significant and positive direct effect on perceived quality and perceived value; and brand awareness, perceived quality and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on brand loyalty, respectively. Originality/value – Applying the brand equity model in the fast fashion industry and surveying actual consumers, the research provides in-depth empirical evidence of the interactions among the brand equity dimensions. Since fast fashion has become a key feature of the global fashion industry over the last decade, understanding the elements of brand equity and the inter-relationships among them provides important insights to marketing practitioners to develop strategies which encourage the growth of brand equity.
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Gamage, Pamudika Ishani, and H. M. S. Priyanath. "The Effect of Inter-personal Trust on Opportunism and Business Performance of Gem Dealers in Sri Lanka." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 2, 2018): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i3.343.
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This study attempts to explore the effect of interpersonal-trust on opportunism and business performance of gem dealers in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the study suggests three major hypothesis which was tested on primary data gathered from 100 registered gem dealers in the Ratnapura district in Sri Lanka, using structured questionnaires. The results demonstrate that inter-personal trust i.e. credibility, benevolence, ability among gem dealers have a significant negative impact on opportunism and positive significant impact on business improvements. Whereas highlighting the inverse relationship between business opportunism and performance. Furthermore, this study concludes that inter-personal trust has greater impacts on the well-being of this industry highlighting it as the main relational attribute among gem dealers interactions. Thus, inter-personal trust lowers their transaction costs in exchanges and increase the profit levels of gem dealers in Sri Lanka.
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Ogungbile, Adedayo Johnson, Geoffrey Qiping Shen, Jin Xue, and Tobi Michael Alabi. "A Hypothetical Extraction Method Decomposition of Intersectoral and Interprovincial CO2 Emission Linkages of China’s Construction Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 13917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413917.
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Understanding the complex CO2 emissions in inter-sectoral and interregional interactions of the construction industry is significant to attaining sustainability in China. Many previous studies focused on aggregating the construction sector’s CO2 emissions on a national level, with the provincial characteristics and interactions often overlooked. Using extended environmental input–output tables, we adopted a hypothetical extraction method combined with extended-environmental multi-regional input–output tables for 2012, 2015, and 2017 data to decompose the CO2 emissions linkages in 30 provincial construction sectors. The provincial carbon emissions data from a complete system boundary informed the recategorization of China’s construction sector as a high-carbon-intensity industry. The interprovincial interactions results show relatively small backward CO2 emissions linkages compared to forward CO2 emissions linkages depicting the industry’s significant role in China’s economic growth and an essential target in CO2 emissions reduction plans. The provinces exhibited different impacts on the directional push–pull, with less developed provinces having one-way directional effects. The more developed provincial sectors behaved more like demand-driven industries creating an overall imbalance in CO2 emissions interaction between the sectors in interregional emission trades. We identified construction sectors in Gansu, Xingjian, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia as the most critical, with more significant CO2 emissions interactions than other provinces. Improving the technical level in less developed provincial construction sectors, considering provincial characteristics in policy formulation, and a swift shift to renewable energy as a primary energy source would aid in reducing the emissions intensities in the construction sector, especially in the less developed provinces, and achieving China’s quest to reach a CO2 emissions peak by 2030.
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Khouja, Ahmed, Nadia Lehoux, Yan Cimon, and Caroline Cloutier. "Collaborative Interorganizational Relationships in a Project-Based Industry." Buildings 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110502.
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The project-based construction industry finds itself in a paradoxical situation: while it weighs heavily in the world economy, it does have a history of low productivity. One important issue that plagues the industry is related to the challenges that stem from collaborative efforts (or lack thereof) between actors. The objective of this paper is to explore how actors of the construction industry organize their inter-firm relationships while examining the characteristics of such interactions and the elements affecting them (drivers, barriers, facilitators, outcomes). These interactions and elements were uncovered using a systematic literature review. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to categorize these elements and to generate dimensions describing the forms. The 139 articles retrieved depicted 12 relational forms established between construction companies (in descending order of citation): partnering, alliancing, project delivery methods, supply chain integration, joint ventures, integrated project delivery, joint risk management, collaborative design, contingent collaboration, quasi-fixed network, resource sharing, and collaborative planning. A multitude of drivers, barriers, facilitators, and outcomes were found. An analysis of the results led to the conceptualization of a multidimensional profile, which allows for a practical and flexible identification of the relationship form potential partners in the construction sector intend to establish. To provide guidelines for the implementation of this profile, a three-step framework was developed.
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Karmakar, Ankan, and Venkata Santosh Kumar Delhi. "Construction 4.0: what we know and where we are headed?" Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (July 26, 2021): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.028.
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The last decade has witnessed unprecedented changes in the technologies and processes involved in the construction industry. The philosophies associated with Industry 4.0 now reverberate in construction 4.0. Digitalization and interconnectivity in the cyber-physical systems of the sector are at the heart of such transformation. Construction 4.0 brings to the table a plethora of technologies and associated processes over the construction project lifecycle. The current study performs a state-of-art literature review to summarize the knowledge advancement in construction 4.0. A layered conceptualization spanning across project lifecycle utilizing the people-process-technology dimensions is presented to summarize the current understanding of Construction 4.0. The cyber-physical space is classified into the physical, digital tool, data, and core data security and interoperability layers. The inter-layer and intra-layer interactions and information flows are then conceptualized based on the extant literature, including the human interaction and interventions. The people-process-technology dimensions were discussed across the project lifecycle through interactions in these layers. It is observed that Construction 4.0 is set to be driven by data creation, data flow, data transformation, and data storage across the project lifecycle to ensure a collaborative environment across the stakeholders who interact and associate with different layers of Construction 4.0. The article finally presents challenges with the current formulations and explores ways to further our knowledge in the area.
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Cherian, Kelitha, and T. J. Kamalanabhan. "Organizational and Talent attributes of the Indian IT industry." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 876–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-03-2018-0072.
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Purpose This study is a comparative organizational analysis of the four subsectors of the Indian information technology (IT) industry, namely, IT service (ITS), business process outsourcing (BPO), software products services (SPS) and engineering and R&D (ER&D). The purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the cross-sectorial attributes, organizational characteristics and the talent best suited to it. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews of 17 industry experts. Findings Findings suggest there are differences in the internal organization of each subsector and this influences the talent attracted toward it. ITS and BPO are perceived as customer driven sectors where technology is an enabler to facilitate smooth functioning of customer operations. Conversely, technology is the core factor that drives SPS and ER&D. Similar observations and differences in the design, environment, individual motives and competencies are identified. The study also identified the inter-relationships between organizational characteristics, task and social structures in the IT industry using Perrow’s organizational theory. Research limitations/implications The findings identify contextual dimensions and shared patterns that exist between the subsectors. At the same time, it distinguishes each subsector in terms of observable and objective characteristics. Significantly, the study highlights the inter-relationships between technology, task, raw material, goal and social interactions. However, the authors stop short of framing hypotheses to test the relationships identified here. Originality/value This cross-sectorial study delineates between the four subsectors and provides a foundation for pursuing future investigations in the right direction. This attempt to systematically analyze and compare all the subsectors of the IT industry simultaneously is a distinctive approach. The sectorial diversity suggests a need for talent management practices that will fit the unique characteristics of each subsector.
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Parhi, Mamata. "Impact of the changing facets of inter‐firm interactions on manufacturing excellence: A social network perspective of the Indian automotive industry." Asian Journal of Technology Innovation 16, no. 1 (January 2008): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2008.9668650.
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Chu, Y. J., and W. T. Chong. "Numerical Study of Conventional and Biomimetic Marine Current Turbines in Tandem by Using Openfoam®." Journal of Mechanics 34, no. 5 (June 6, 2017): 679–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2017.46.
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AbstractThe increasing demands on renewable energy nowadays caused the development of marine current turbine industry. In order to improve the current design of marine current turbines, studies were conducted to analyse their hydrodynamic performances during operation. Since most of the time marine current turbines operate in arrays, it is important to understand the interactions between the turbines in order to design the optimum turbine farm. OpenFOAM® was used to simulate the turbine interactions of conventional and biomimetic marine current turbines in tandem configuration. The conventional marine current turbines were referred to Pinon et al. (2012) and Mycek et al. (2013) while the biomimetic marine current turbine was adopted from Chu (2016). The numerical simulations were conducted with turbines in different inter-device distances, A/D. The percentage differences of ‘‘efficiency’’, η between the IFREMER-LOMC and the biomimetic turbine case of inter-device distances, A/D = 4, 6, 8 and 10 are 14.3%, 6.4%, 3% and 1.92% respectively. The results show that the power produced by the biomimetic turbines in tandem is comparable with the IFREMER-LOMC turbines when A/D > 4. The biomimetic marine current turbines can be a fair choice due to their potential to have alternative fabrication method of their sheet-like turbine blades.
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Pettas, Vasilis, Matthias Kretschmer, Andrew Clifton, and Po Wen Cheng. "On the effects of inter-farm interactions at the offshore wind farm Alpha Ventus." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 1455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1455-2021.
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Abstract. The energy transition means that more and more wind farms are being built in favorable offshore sites like the North Sea. The wind farms affect each other as they interact with the boundary layer flow. This phenomenon is a topic of current research by the industry and academia as it can have significant technical and financial impacts. In the present study, we use data from the Alpha Ventus wind farm site to investigate the effects of inter-farm interactions. Alpha Ventus is the first offshore German wind farm located in the North Sea with a fully equipped measurement platform, FINO1, in the near vicinity. We look at the effects on the wind conditions measured at FINO1 before and after the beginning of operation of the neighboring farms. We show how measured quantities like turbulence intensity, wind speed distributions, and wind shear are evolving from the period when the park was operating alone in the area to the period when farms were built and operate in close proximity (1.4–15 km). Moreover, we show how the wind turbine's response in terms of loads and generator and pitch activity is affected using data from a turbine that is in the vicinity of the mast. The results show the wake effects in the directions influenced by the wind farms according to their distance with increased turbulence intensity, reduced wind speeds, and increased structural loading.
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Byrne, Thomas J., Aleksandr Doikin, Felician Campean, and Daniel Neagu. "An Axiomatic Categorisation Framework for the Dynamic Alignment of Disparate Functions in Cyber-physical Systems." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.365.
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AbstractAdvancing Industry 4.0 concepts by mapping the product of the automotive industry on the spectrum of Cyber Physical Systems, we immediately recognise the convoluted processes involved in the design of new generation vehicles. New technologies developed around the communication core (IoT) enable novel interactions with data. Our framework employs previously untapped data from vehicles in the field for intelligent vehicle health management and knowledge integration into design. Firstly, the concept of an inter-disciplinary artefact is introduced to support the dynamic alignment of disparate functions, so that cyber variables change when physical variables change. Secondly, the axiomatic categorisation (AC) framework simulates functional transformations from artefact to artefact, to monitor and control automotive systems rather than components. Herein, an artefact is defined as a triad of the physical and engineered component, the information processing entity, and communication devices at their interface. Variable changes are modelled using AC, in conjunction with the artefacts, to aggregate functional transformations within the conceptual boundary of a physical system of systems.
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Carpenter, Craig, Rebekka Dudensing, and Anders Van Sandt. "Estimating Determinants of Transportation and Warehousing Establishment Locations Using U.S. Administrative Data." REGION 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i1.366.
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Interactions between transportation and warehousing and other industry clusters are not widely explored and the determinants of logistics locational determinants is limited in the U.S. context. These gaps in the literature, along with the U.S. transportation and warehousing sector's decentralization from urban areas and concentration in regions, highlight the importance of understanding the effects of place-based factors and inter-industry clusters on the locations and employment of transportation and warehousing industries. The analysis uses restricted-access U.S. Census Bureau data aggregated to the county level, along with secondary data sources, to estimate the locational determinants of transportation and warehousing (TW) industries based on transportation infrastructure as well as sociodemographic and institutional variables. The analysis takes a cross-sectional (non-causal) approach to focus on time-invariant location factors while testing and implementing zero-inflated count data distributions to model the data generation processes more accurately. Results indicate that subsectors are affected differently by infrastructure, sociodemographic, and institutional variables. Additionally, different factors are associated with industry presence versus size. Finally, we show that data using aggregated industries obscures locational factors' importance for individual sub-sectors and, further, that industrial aggregation obscures TW sectors' relationships to other clusters.
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Tanzi, Attila. "International Law and Foreign Investment in Hydroelectric Industry: A Multidimensional Analysis." International Community Law Review 18, no. 3-4 (October 6, 2016): 183–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341335.
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The main focus of the present article is on the entanglement between four bodies of international law sensitive to foreign investment in the creation and/or operation hydroelectric industry: i.e. international investment law, human rights law, international water law and private international law to the extent that public international law rules on conflict of laws on civil liability for transboundary damage are concerned. This horizontal approach to the analysis is supplemented by a vertical one looking at the interactions between international and domestic law. Consideration of the different bodies of international law in question is associated to that of the adjudicative, and non-adjudicative, means of dispute settlement available under each such bodies of law. On that score, the role of the foreign investor in a litigation scenery will be considered, primarily as claimant, but also, prospectively, in relation to the situation in the State hosting the investment is, or may become, respondent in inter-State litigation.
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Inozemtseva, Elena. "On the History of Slave-Trade in Dagestan." Iran and the Caucasus 10, no. 2 (2006): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338406780346023.
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AbstractSlave-trade was one of the main factors in the system of complicated and contradictory interactions between the peoples of the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and Russia. Everlasting inter-ethnic clashes and wars, political instability, great demand and high prices for 'human commodities' strongly promoted the growth of this business in Dagestan and in the North Caucasus in general. The feudal lords used to organise "commercial" campaigns, aimed at capturing people and getting ransom. For centuries, this cruel industry had remained one of the dominating elements in the economy of this multi-ethnic region. The paper, based mainly on the archive documents, offers a short history of slave-trade in Dagestan up to its final abolishment in the 60-s of the 19th century.
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Khan, Zaheer, Yong Kyu Lew, and Rudolf R. Sinkovics. "The mirage of upgrading local automotive parts suppliers through the creation of vertical linkages with MNEs in developing economies." critical perspectives on international business 11, no. 3/4 (July 6, 2015): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2012-0064.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore inter-organizational linkages and the extent of technology transfer and develop propositions related to the linkages, technology transfer and upgrading of local suppliers in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a literature review and 50 exploratory interviews with senior managers and policymakers in the automotive parts industry of Pakistan. Findings – The data revealed that three major international joint ventures (IJVs) established in the automotive industry of Pakistan have created significant vertical linkages. However, advanced high-level technology transfer has not actually taken place due to the following reasons: IJV parents are reluctant to engage in technology transfer, there is limited support from local government and local suppliers exhibit limited improvement in their innovation capability. The vertical linkage creation and low-medium technology transfer contributes to incremental product upgrading of the local suppliers, rather than their process upgrading and insertion into the global value chain (GVC). Research limitations/implications – This research looked at technology interactions between IJVs and local tier-1 suppliers (not tier 2 and tier 3) in Pakistan’s automotive industry. This paper’ illustrative case indicates what is required for local suppliers in developing economies to make breakthrough upgrades of their products and processes through their vertical linkages with foreign-owned indigenous firms. Originality/value – Unlike prior research, the authors investigate the role of inter-organizational linkages and the extent of technology transfer, and how these affect local suppliers’ product/process upgrading in the local value chain. Highlighting the illusion of upgrading in the GVC, this paper reveals the difficulties involved in upgrading suppliers’ positions (e.g. insertion and functional upgrading in the GVC) through their vertical linkages with foreign multinational enterprises in developing economies. The illusion of upgrading sheds a rather disappointing light on the position of developing country supplier vis-à-vis their powerful international partners.
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Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, Jati, and Riqi Radian Khasani. "Assessing Contractor Satisfaction towards Client Performance in Construction Projects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.338.
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While most research looks at the client satisfaction in the construction industry, contractor satisfaction towards client performance is also an important issue. The performance of contractors and clients are inter-reliant, and their interactions fundamentally determine the overall project performance. This research aims to analyze the level of contractor satisfaction towards client performance. The objectives are to determine the contractor satisfaction index (CoSI) towards client performance, and to evaluate performance indicators to improve. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys filled out by 163 respondents. Indicators of client performance include client’s understanding of project requirements, financial, decision making, management skills, supports for contractor and client’s attitude. This research found that the CoSI equals to 69.65%, indicating that in general the contractors are satisfied with the clients’ performance. Further, an importance-performance analysis of client performance (IPACP) classifies the client performance based on the importance and performance, resulting in four categories, i.e. excellent work, areas of improvement, low priority, and disproportionate. Excellent work of clients are mainly related to financial and attitude, while areas of improvement include the understanding of project scope and spesification, ease of payment approval on projects, unity of opinion from client’s team, and administration system. These findings are beneficial for clients for self-evaluation on their performance, particularly on attributes they underperform. Policy makers in the construction industry can also learn from these findings to initiate a strategic program to strengthen client performance. As the performance of clients and contractors are inter-reliant, improving client performance also means enhancing contractor performance for a successful project.
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Lin, Ku-Ho, Kuo-Feng Huang, and Yao-Ping Peng. "Impact of export market orientation on export performance." Baltic Journal of Management 9, no. 4 (September 30, 2014): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-03-2012-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the mediating role of export market orientation (EMO) in the relationship between inter-organizational relationships and export performance, and the moderating role of degree of internationalization in the relationship between EMO and export performance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors sent questionnaires to the 1,000 largest manufacturers listed in CommonWealth magazine (2009), and a random sample of 500 machinery manufacturers listed in the Taiwan Association of Machinery Industry Directory. The authors received 244 completed questionnaires through which to examine the hypotheses. Findings – The findings show that trust and social interaction positively influence EMO, which then enhances export performance. However, the moderating effect of degree of internationalization has no significant impact on the EMO and export performance relationship. Research limitations/implications – Future studies should conduct two-way research on focal firms (manufacturers) and overseas partners (agents or distributors) through common variables including trust, commitment, satisfaction, etc. The results indicate that the content validity of the present study is somewhat inadequate, possibly due to the cultural differences involved. Practical implications – Overseas information exchange between exporters and partners fosters firms’ export performance. Thus, closer relationships with channel partners or customers via trust and social interactions may help firms to conduct appropriate EMO activities to access overseas market information and improve export performance. Originality/value – By investigating Taiwanese exporters, who tend to emphasize relational capital, the authors determine that EMO is important in understanding how inter-organizational relationships influence export performance. The authors also contribute a more comprehensive view to the literature.
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Sinoh, Saznizam Sazmee, Faridah Othman, and Zainah Ibrahim. "Critical success factors for BIM implementation: a Malaysian case study." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2737–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2019-0475.
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PurposeThis paper aimed to identify critical success factors (CSFs) of building information modeling (BIM) implementation among architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) firms in Malaysia using quantitative statistical methods.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted on the population of all AEC firms in Malaysia to rank the relative importance of 15 success factors (SFs) for BIM implementation in the firm on a 5-point Likert scale. The sampling frame consisted of all members registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) from which 184 responses were received. The distinction between SFs and CSFs was achieved by a normalized mean cutoff value. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the relative groupings of the CSFs and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the underlying relationships between the CSF groupings.FindingsResults of this study validated 11 previously identified CSFs for successful implementation of BIM among Malaysian AEC firms. Non-technical factors such as management, leadership and coordination were found to have higher relevance compared to technical factors such as software and hardware. Ranking analysis of the CSFs found internal coordination factors to have more importance compared to external coordination factors. PCA revealed 4 principal components (PCs) from the 11 CSFs. Together, these four PCs explain 74.3% of the variance in the data. Also, six hypothesized relationships between these groupings were supported using PLS-SEM.Research limitations/implicationsThis study found an interaction between internal and external coordination factors for the implementation of BIM. Future research could explore the dynamics of both intra- and inter-firm coordination, which may create an environment suitable for BIM implementation.Practical implicationsThis study provides Malaysian AEC firms with a general strategy on how to approach the implementation of BIM within the firm. In addition, government initiatives should focus on increasing BIM competency of graduates entering the workforce. This can be achieved through the development of a national BIM curriculum. Apart from that, the implementation of BIM requires a radical shift in the traditional building delivery process, not just simply acquiring new software and hardware.Originality/valueThis study revealed that the interactions between different firms at the industry level can influence successful implementation of BIM at the firm level. CSFs for BIM implementation at the firm level have been extensively studied. However, few studies exist which explore the inter-firm collaborations at the industry level that facilitate successful BIM implementation.
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Komínová, Pavlína, Lukáš Kulaviak, and Petr Zámostný. "Stress-Dependent Particle Interactions of Magnesium Aluminometasilicates as Their Performance Factor in Powder Flow and Compaction Applications." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040900.
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In the pharmaceutical industry, silicates are commonly used excipients with different application possibilities. They are especially utilized as glidants in low concentrations, but they can be used in high concentrations as porous carriers and coating materials in oral solid drug delivery systems. The desirable formulations of such systems must exhibit good powder flow but also good compactibility, which brings opposing requirements on inter-particle interactions. Since magnesium aluminometasilicates (MAS) are known for their interesting flow behavior reported as “negative cohesivity” yet they can be used as binders for tablet compression, the objective of this experimental study was to investigate their particle interactions within a broad range of mechanical stress from several kPa to hundreds of MPa. Magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin® US2 and Neusilin® S2)-microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH102) physical powder mixtures with varying silicate concentrations were prepared and examined during their exposure to different pressures using powder rheology and compaction analysis. The results revealed that MAS particles retain their repulsive character and small contact surface area under normal conditions. If threshold pressure is applied, the destruction of MAS particles and formation of new surfaces leading to particle interactions are observed. The ability of MAS particles to form interactions intensifies with increasing pressure and their amount in a mixture. This “function switching” makes MAS suitable for use as multifunctional excipients since they can act as a glidant or a binder depending on the applied pressure.
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Pathak, Yashaswi, Siddhartha Laghuvarapu, Sarvesh Mehta, and U. Deva Priyakumar. "Chemically Interpretable Graph Interaction Network for Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drug-Like Molecules." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (April 3, 2020): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5433.
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Solubility of drug molecules is related to pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption and distribution, which affects the amount of drug that is available in the body for its action. Computational or experimental evaluation of solvation free energies of drug-like molecules/solute that quantify solubilities is an arduous task and hence development of reliable computationally tractable models is sought after in drug discovery tasks in pharmaceutical industry. Here, we report a novel method based on graph neural network to predict solvation free energies. Previous studies considered only the solute for solvation free energy prediction and ignored the nature of the solvent, limiting their practical applicability. The proposed model is an end-to-end framework comprising three phases namely, message passing, interaction and prediction phases. In the first phase, message passing neural network was used to compute inter-atomic interaction within both solute and solvent molecules represented as molecular graphs. In the interaction phase, features from the preceding step is used to calculate a solute-solvent interaction map, since the solvation free energy depends on how (un)favorable the solute and solvent molecules interact with each other. The calculated interaction map that captures the solute-solvent interactions along with the features from the message passing phase is used to predict the solvation free energies in the final phase. The model predicts solvation free energies involving a large number of solvents with high accuracy. We also show that the interaction map captures the electronic and steric factors that govern the solubility of drug-like molecules and hence is chemically interpretable.
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Feller, Jan, Annaleena Parhankangas, Riitta Smeds, and Miia Jaatinen. "How Companies Learn to Collaborate: Emergence of Improved Inter-Organizational Processes in R&D Alliances." Organization Studies 34, no. 3 (March 2013): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840612464758.
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Previous research has maintained that the capacity to manage alliances is a distinct capability, defined as the ability to identify, negotiate, manage, monitor and terminate collaborations. This paper focuses on an important but hitherto neglected aspect of alliance capability by investigating how partnering firms may learn how to better manage their dyadic R&D collaborations. In particular, we seek to test the Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) model of dynamic knowledge creation by establishing a link between the facilitation of four knowledge conversion processes – socialization, externalization, combination and internalization – and an improved capability to manage inter-organizational R&D processes. We specify and extend the model by identifying and testing several critical interactions between these knowledge conversion processes. Relying on data from 105 R&D partnerships in the global telecommunications industry, we suggest that the failure to support one of these knowledge conversion processes has the potential to hamper the proper functioning of the other knowledge conversion processes and thus the emergence of capability to manage dyadic R&D collaborations.
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Ozman, Muge. "The Knowledge Base of Products: Implications for Organizational Structures." Organization Studies 31, no. 8 (August 2010): 1129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840610376148.
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This paper investigates the impact of two dimensions of product knowledge bases on organizational structures. The first dimension, knowledge breadth, measures the complexity of a product. The second dimension, knowledge depth, measures the extent to which the knowledge embedded in the product can be used in different contexts. An agent-based simulation study is carried out to analyse the structural characteristics of organizations that emerge when self-interested agents select partners to combine their expertise and produce together. Agents learn from their interactions, which shapes their choice of partners in the future. The results reveal that multi-product companies with fewer inter-firm relationships emerge when products are complex and knowledge is highly reusable in different contexts. A network of specialized firms is a dominant organizational structure when products are complex and deep. The results are demonstrated through a brief case study of the history of the computer industry.
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Gazetdinov, Shamil, Mirsharip Gazetdinov, Ol'ga Semicheva, and Farida Gatina. "MODERN FORMS OF REGULATION OF TERRITORIAL AND INDUSTRIAL INTERACTIONS IN RURAL AREAS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-97-101.
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The research was conducted in order to study the existing forms of regulation of territorial and industrial relations and determine on this basis the directions of small and medium-sized businesses with large agricultural formations, municipal government bodies and other institutions located in a specific rural area. Taking into account the economic practice that has developed in recent years, the following main types of territorial-industrial relations are identified. The first type is associated with large-scale investment of financial and industrial groups in new production, with the introduction of new resource-saving technologies. The peculiarity of such territorial-industrial relations is the emergence and development with the significant participation of Federal and Republican state authorities. The second type is territorial-industrial and socio-economic cooperation of small and medium-sized businesses with large organizations of various industry specialization and different forms of ownership. And, finally, the third type of relationship is cooperation of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as integrated formations with municipal authorities in the formation of local budgets, as well as in solving socio-cultural and other General territorial problems. At the present stage of development of agriculture and rural territories, at least three directions of formation of contractual territorial-production structures have been identified: economic associations; consortia created by interested enterprises and organizations; associations for coordination and cooperation. The listed territorial and production structures of interaction of small and medium-sized businesses with large agricultural formations, municipal government bodies located in a specific rural area, lead to inter-organizational relations in rural areas, which become regular and stable, contribute to the solution of socio-economic problems
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Ahmed, Zeeshan, Atul Bhargav, and Sairam S. Mallajosyula. "Estimating Al2O3–CO2 nanofluid viscosity: a molecular dynamics approach." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 84, no. 3 (December 2018): 30902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018180200.
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High-viscosity CO2 is of interest to the oil and gas industry in enhanced oil recovery and well-fracturing applications. Dispersing nanoparticles in CO2 is one way of achieving increased viscosity. However, parametric studies on viscosity estimation of CO2 nanofluids is not found in the open literature. A comparison of various interatomic potentials for their accuracy in predicting viscosity is also missing. In this work, we studied Al2O3 nanoparticles in CO2 base fluid. We screened the inter-molecular interaction potential models available for CO2–CO2 interactions and found that the TraPPE-flexible model (with MORSE potential) to be most suitable for conditions used in this work. We estimated the CO2–Al2O3 interaction potential using quantum mechanical simulations. Using this combination for CO2–CO2 and CO2–Al2O3 interactions, we explored the effects of temperature and nanoparticle size on viscosity using molecular dynamics simulations (MD). We predicted that the viscosity would increase with increase in temperature and particle size. We also calculated the base fluid self-diffusion coefficient to investigate the effect of Brownian motion and its contribution to changes in viscosity. We found that it decreases with increase in particle size and temperature, thereby indicating that Brownian motion does not contribute to the increased viscosity. Further, the nanolayer formed at the Al2O3–CO2 interface is studied through density distributions around the nanoparticle; the thickness of this nanolayer is found to increase with nanoparticle diameter. Finally, we examined the structures of CO2 fluid in presence of nanoparticles at different thermodynamic states through radial distribution functions. The current work sheds light on the viscosity enhancement by the addition of nanoparticles; it is hoped that such studies will lead to tools that help tailor fluid properties to specific requirements.
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Lei, Yu-chen, Xia Zhao, Dong Li, Li-jun Wang, and Yong Wang. "Effects of κ-Carrageenan and Guar Gum on the Rheological Properties and Microstructure of Phycocyanin Gel." Foods 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050734.
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The effects of two polysaccharides on the performance and microstructure of phycocyanin gels were studied by choosing anionic polysaccharides (κ-carrageenan) and neutral polysaccharides (guar gum). The linear and nonlinear rheological properties and microstructure of the phycocyanin-polysaccharide composite gel were evaluated. The results show that both κ-carrageenan and guar gum can enhance the network structure of phycocyanin gel and weaken the frequency dependence. The sample with 0.4% κ-carrageenan has the highest gel strength. All samples exhibited Type I behavior (inter-cycling strain-thinning) and mainly elastic behavior. As the concentration of κ-carrageenan increases, hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds play an essential role in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of the gel. Too high a concentration of guar gum hinders the formation of protein disulfide bonds. This research can provide a theoretical basis for designing and developing new food products based on phycocyanin and different polysaccharides with ideal texture in the food industry.
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Asare-Kyire, Lydia, Zheng He, Charles Hackman Essel, and Danish Junaid. "PREVALENCE OF COPYCAT IN AFRICA TEXTILE CLUSTERS: THE BLAME GAME AMONG STAKEHOLDERS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 19, no. 6 (January 9, 2019): 813–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2018.6811.
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In this paper we investigate the reasons behind the pirated textiles and try to address the questions of why copycats are rampant on the African textile market, their impact on textile clusters and why it is ineffectively being controlled. Taking Ghana as a sample, this study employed grounded theory methodology to explore the key factors that account for copycat prevalence in African textile industry. This study reveals that economic foundations, political factors and stakeholder interactions in the textile ecosystem have influenced copycat popularity in Africa. More specifically, the blame game among stakeholders with no one accepting responsibility for copycat prevalence gave space for perpetrators of copycat textiles to breed. The study extends the stakeholder and cluster theories particularly within the confines of developing regions, the interplay of actors and how their actions promote or revert the fight against copycats. This article implores governments should proactively lead in collaborative inter-agency actions to fight the copycat menace by repackaging and designing strategies/approaches through the employment and increasing of stakeholder consultations.
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Schönherz, Anna A., Niels Lorenzen, and Katja Einer-Jensen. "Inter-species transmission of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.048223-0.
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Successful viral infection is a complex mechanism, involving many host–pathogen interactions that developed during coevolution of host and pathogen, and often result in host-species specificity. Nevertheless, many viruses are able to infect several host species and sporadically cross species barriers. The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a rhabdovirus with high economic impact on the aquaculture industry, has developed an exceptionally wide host range across marine and freshwater environments. Transmission of VHSV between host species therefore represents a potential risk for aquaculture, which currently is not addressed in biosecurity managements. The objective of this study was to investigate the inter-species transmission potential of VHSV and evaluate whether infected marine wild fish pose a potential risk on marine cultured rainbow trout. A cohabitation infection trial with turbot as donor and rainbow trout as recipient host species was conducted. Turbot were intraperitoneally injected with either a marine-adapted (MA) or a trout-adapted (TA) VHSV isolate and subsequently grouped with naïve rainbow trout. Both VHSV isolates were able to replicate and cause mortality in turbot, while only the TA isolate was able to cross the species barrier and infect rainbow trout with fatal outcome. The results demonstrate that a marine fish species can function as reservoir and transmitter of TA VHSV isolates.
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Kimino, Satomi, Nigel Driffield, and David Saal. "Spillovers from FDI and local networks." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-01-2014-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of host country networks and organisation of production in the context of international technology transfer that accompanies foreign direct investment (FDI). Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis is based on unbalanced panel data covering Japanese firms active in two-digit manufacturing sectors over a seven-year period. Given the self-selection problem affecting past sectoral-level studies, using firm-level panel data is a prerequisite to provide robust empirical evidence. Findings – While Japan is thought of as being a technologically advanced country, the results show that vertical productivity spillovers from FDI occur in Japan, but they are sensitive to technological differences between domestic firms and the idiosyncratic Japanese institutional network. FDI in vertically organised keiretsu sectors generates inter-industry spillovers through backward and forward linkages, while FDI within sectors linked to vertical keiretsu activities adversely affects domestic productivity. Overall, our results suggest that the role of vertical keiretsu is more prevalent than that of horizontal keiretsu. Originality/value – Japan’s industrial landscape has been dominated by institutional clusters or networks of inter-firm organisations through reciprocated, direct and indirect ties. However, interactions between inward investors and such institutionalised networks in the host economy are seldom explored. The role and characteristics of local business groups, in the form of keiretsu networks, have been investigated to determine the scale and scope of spillovers from inward FDI to Japanese establishments. This conceptualisation depends on the institutional mechanism and the market structure through which host economies absorb and exploit FDI.
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Galaso, Pablo, Adrián Rodríguez Miranda, and Santiago Picasso. "Inter-firm collaborations to make or to buy innovation." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 17, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-12-2018-0893.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the relationship between inter-firm collaboration network and the type of innovation strategies that can be followed by firms: buy or make innovation. In particular, the authors seek to analyze which are the network topologies that facilitate firms following a buy innovation strategy compared to those network properties that encourage internal R&D activities. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from a fieldwork with face-to-face interviews applied to managing directors of firms in the rubber and plastic cluster of Uruguay. Subsequently, they combine social network analysis with regression techniques to determine how inter-firm networks can influence different types of innovation activities. Findings The authors find that degree centrality facilitates a buy innovation strategy, while betweenness centrality is positively associated with making innovation. Thus, having many direct links with other firms and organizations is relevant to buy innovation. However, indirect links that allow the firm to occupy a strategic position in the network are crucial to develop in-house innovation strategies. Research limitations/implications The results offer an advance in the explanation of the incidence of the cluster network structure on the firms innovation strategies; however, they should be contrasted with similar analysis in others clusters and complemented with in depth case studies on the mechanisms behind these phenomena. Practical implications These findings have practical implications for business innovation strategy. One factor that should be taken into account is the way in which firms interact with other actors in the cluster. On the one hand, firms can decide to establish and maintain many direct collaboration links, which may contribute to buy innovation. On the other hand, they can follow a more strategic and selective collaboration strategy to make innovation, a strategy that carefully studies not only its direct collaborations, but also what the potential indirect connections would be. Social implications These findings have policy implications regarding industry support organizations. The findings show that such organizations contribute significantly to the overall connectivity and cohesion of networks. This fact allows some firms to register high levels of betweenness centrality, and therefore, organizations can be an interesting instrument to support firms aiming to follow a make innovation strategy. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature that analyzes how inter-firm collaboration networks can influence innovation. In line with previous research, results verify that centrality is positively associated with innovation. However, the main contribution of this research is to provide evidence on different ways in which inter-firm networks are related to different innovation strategies (make or buy). In addition, the authors contribute to the understanding of collaboration dynamics and innovation activities in inter-firm interactions within a typical case of a low-tech cluster created under the so-called state-led industrialization model in Latin America.
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Narayanan, Anilkumar Elavanakattu, Rajagopalan Sridharan, and P. N. Ram Kumar. "Analyzing the interactions among barriers of sustainable supply chain management practices." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 30, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 937–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-06-2017-0114.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify, model, analyze and prioritize the barriers in implementing sustainable practices in rubber products manufacturing industry in Kerala, a state in South India. This research provides a more reliable quantitative measure of association of the barriers in the implementation of sustainable practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector. Design/methodology/approach Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is used to develop the hierarchical relationships among the barriers in the implementation of sustainable supply chain practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector. The hierarchical structure among the barriers is framed using the experts’ opinion. Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to the classification (MICMAC) analysis is integrated with the output of ISM to classify the barriers into different categories based on the driving power and the dependence power. The driving power and the dependence power of the barriers obtained from ISM constitute two criteria for prioritizing the barriers. The change management required is considered as the third criterion. The fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) methodology is adopted to prioritize the barriers based on these three criteria. Findings The hierarchical relationship obtained through ISM methodology shows that lack of government initiatives and lack of benchmark on sustainability measurement in Indian conditions are the major barriers in implementing sustainable practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector. These barriers lead to the lack of management commitment for the implementation of sustainable practices in the organizations under study. The prioritization obtained through the F-AHP method suggests that lack of top-level management commitment, lack of motivation, lack of government initiatives and high initial cost of implementation are some of the major barriers in implementing sustainable practices in the organizations. Research limitations/implications In the application of the ISM methodology, the contextual relationship between the barriers specified by the experts and their preferences may involve bias. Another limitation of this research is that the modeling and prioritization of the barriers are executed based on the opinion of experts from rubber product manufacturing companies in one state only. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this research is the first study on the identification and prioritization of the barriers in sustainable supply chain implementation in the rubber products manufacturing sector. Modeling the inter-relationship among the barriers using ISM technique and prioritizing the barriers using F-AHP are the novel features of the contributions of this work.
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Tan, Andrew Huey Ping, Eng Hwa Yap, and Yousif Abdalla Abakr. "A Complex Systems Analysis of the Water-Energy Nexus in Malaysia." Systems 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems8020019.
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Water security plays a crucial role in maintaining livelihoods, especially emerging economies. In Malaysia, understanding the inter-relationships of water within the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus is at its infancy. This paper investigates the interactions of the water sector with energy sector in Malaysia, through the lenses of WEF nexus, using system dynamics. The first part of the research involves qualitative interviews with key stakeholders in the water sectors, which provides validation for the initial causal loop relationships built and qualitative inputs of the water-energy nexus through the lenses of the water sector. The second part of the research is a quantitative simulation of stock and flow based on four carefully designed scenarios revolving around Malaysian water security. Key findings include an apparent disconnect between the states and federal governments in managing water supply, poor economic sustainability of the water supply and services industry, and significant energy use in the water sector. On the other hand, environmental impacts stemming from the water sector is minimal. Streamlining water governance and revising water tariffs have thus been suggested as policy recommendations, where their implementation could propagate into downstream benefits for the energy sector.
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Suslick, Kenneth S. "Sonofragmentation and sonocrystallization: How solids break and make in cavitating liquids." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010582.
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Mechanical action can produce dramatic physical and mechanochemical effects when the energy is spatially or temporally concentrated. The application of ultrasound to crystallization (i.e., sonocrystallization) can dramatically affect the properties of the crystalline products. Sonocrystallization induces rapid nucleation, generally yields smaller crystals of a more narrow size distribution compared to quiescent crystallizations, and has become increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The control of morphology of the crystallization process is critical to reproducible dose response for APIs and is under increasing scrutiny in pharmaceutical manufacturing by the FDA. Ultrasound can induce significant improvement in the uniformity of crystallite size and rates of crystallization. We have developed a mechanistic understanding of the origin of these phenomena and begun to separate the details of the effects of ultrasound on nucleation, mass transport, shockwave fragmentation of crystallites, and inter-particulate collision. Decoupling experiments were performed to confirm that interactions between shockwaves and crystals are the main contributors to crystal breakage. We have discovered a mechanochemical extension the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle: activation energies for solid fracture correlate with the binding energies of the solids.
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Mapp, Lucy, Mateusz Pitak, Simon Coles, and Srinivasulu Aitipamula. "Charge density studies on 1:1 co-crystals of ethenzamide and saccharin." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090354.
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The study of multi-component crystals, as well as the phenomenon of polymorphism, both have relevance to crystal engineering. Obtaining a specific polymorph is crucial as different polymorphs usually exhibit different physical and chemical properties and often the origin of this behaviour is unknown. This is especially important in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we present results of comparative studies of an analgesic drug, ethenzamide and its co-crystals with saccharin. The co-crystalisation of ethenzamide (2-ethoxybenzamide, EA) with saccharin (1,1-dioxo-,1,2-benzothiazol-3-one, SAC) with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio resulted in two polymorphic forms of the co-crystal. Form I crystallises in the triclinic P-1 space group, whereas form II crystallises in monoclinic space group P21/n. Previous crystal structure analyses on forms I and II revealed that in both polymorphs the primary carboxy-amide-imide heterosynthon is the same, however the secondary level of interactions which extends the hydrogen bond network is different. Form I consists of extended linear tapes via N-H···O hydrogen bonds, whereas form II is composed of stacks of tetrameric motifs including N-H···O hydrogen bonds and C-H···O interactions. These two forms of EA-SAC can be classified as synthon polymorphs at a secondary level of hydrogen bonding [1]. In our approach an accurate, high resolution charge density distribution analysis has been carried out to obtain greater insight into the electronic structures of both types of the EA-SAC co-crystals and relate differences in electronic distribution with their polymorphic behaviour. To describe the nature and role of inter and intra-molecular interactions in a quantitative manner, the Hansen-Coppens formalism [2] and Bader's AIM theory [3] approach have been applied.
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Misa, Thomas J. "Dominance of the Digital (1990–2016)." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2019-0005.
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Abstract This talk presents the theme that anchors the new third edition of Leonardo to the Internet: Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the Present, which is organized around technical-economic-political “eras” spotlighting the long-term interactions of technology and culture. The book’s first edition (2004) concluded with an optimistic assessment of global culture, then added a pessimistic assessment of systemic risk (2011). The eras point to socio-economic structures that foster and channel the development of certain technologies (and not others). This approach steers for a middle ground between social constructivism and technological determinism. This talk analyzes Moore’s Law (1975–2005), widely hailed to explain, well, everything. By 1975 Gordon Moore appeared to accurately “predict” the doubling every 18 months of the number components on each integrated circuit. During these years chips expanded from roughly 2,000 to 600 million transistors; more important the “law” guided a technical revolution and an industry transformation. At first national and then international cooperative “roadmapping” exercises predicted the exact dimensions of chips in the future, and semiconductor companies all aimed exactly where their peers were aiming. So Moore’s Law is a self-fulfilling prophecy supported for three decades by inter-firm cooperation and synchronized R&D.
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Prasad, Sanjay, Ravi Shankar, Rachita Gupta, and Sreejit Roy. "A TISM modeling of critical success factors of blockchain based cloud services." Journal of Advances in Management Research 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 434–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-03-2018-0027.
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Purpose Over last few years, a major innovation known as blockchain technology has emerged as potentially one of the most disruptive technology of recent times. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze various critical success factors (CSFs) that can facilitate success of blockchain-based cloud services. Further, this paper aims to analyze and understand mutual interactions among these CSFs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 19 CSFs have been identified through literature review and expert opinions. The hierarchical framework developed using total interpretive structural modeling has revealed the inter-dependencies among these CSFs. The methodology employed in this study provides a mechanism to conduct an exploratory study by identifying the factors and analyzing their interactions through the development of a hierarchical framework. This research further categorizes CSFs into multiple clusters based on their driving power and dependence power. Findings This paper has identified 19 CSFs, namely, user engagement, industry collaboration, rich ecosystem, blockchain technology standardization, regulatory clarity, cost efficiency, energy efficiency (wasted resources), handling blockchain bloat, miner incentives, business case alignment to blockchain capability, sidechains development, blockchain talent pool availability, leadership readiness for a decentralized consensus based technology, technology investment and maturity, trust on blockchain networks, integration with other cloud services, robust and mature smart contracts platform, blockchain security and user control on data (privacy). Further, driver and dependent variables have been identified. Research limitations/implications Future research can discover and detail the sub-factors behind the 19 CSFs identified in this paper. Additionally, more work can be done to extend the current structural model for blockchain-based services to a more functional form. Practical implications It provides a comprehensive list of CSFs that are relevant for development of blockchain-based cloud services. This will help industry leaders to strategically focus on the main drivers that will ensure that businesses get maximum benefit of this disruptive technology. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution in the literature of blockchain-based cloud services, which captures the perspective of different stakeholders. This study is one of the first (if not the first) systematic research on adoption of blockchain-based services. It creates the foundation to carry out further research in this area.
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Pierleoni, Paola, Alberto Belli, Lorenzo Palma, and Luisiana Sabbatini. "A Versatile Machine Vision Algorithm for Real-Time Counting Manually Assembled Pieces." Journal of Imaging 6, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging6060048.
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The Industry 4.0 paradigm is based on transparency and co-operation and, hence, on monitoring and pervasive data collection. In highly standardized contexts, it is usually easy to gather data using available technologies, while, in complex environments, only very advanced and customizable technologies, such as Computer Vision, are intelligent enough to perform such monitoring tasks well. By the term “complex environment”, we especially refer to those contexts where human activity which cannot be fully standardized prevails. In this work, we present a Machine Vision algorithm which is able to effectively deal with human interactions inside a framed area. By exploiting inter-frame analysis, image pre-processing, binarization, morphological operations, and blob detection, our solution is able to count the pieces assembled by an operator using a real-time video input. The solution is compared with a more advanced Machine Learning-based custom object detector, which is taken as reference. The proposed solution demonstrates a very good performance in terms of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy when tested on a real situation in an Italian manufacturing firm. The value of our solution, compared with the reference object detector, is that it requires no training and is therefore extremely flexible, requiring only minor changes to the working parameters to translate to other objects, making it appropriate for plant-wide implementation.
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Lamba, Kuldeep, and Surya Prakash Singh. "Modeling big data enablers for operations and supply chain management." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 629–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-07-2017-0183.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the interactions among various enablers which are critical to the success of big data initiatives in operations and supply chain management (OSCM). Design/methodology/approach Fourteen enablers of big data in OSCM have been selected from literature and consequent deliberations with experts from industry. Three different multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques, namely, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling (fuzzy-TISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) have been used to identify driving enablers. Further, common enablers from each technique, their hierarchies and inter-relationships have been established. Findings The enabler modelings using ISM, Fuzzy-TISM and DEMATEL shows that the top management commitment, financial support for big data initiatives, big data/data science skills, organizational structure and change management program are the most influential/driving enablers. Across all three different techniques, these five different enablers has been identified as the most promising ones to implement big data in OSCM. On the other hand, interpretability of analysis, big data quality management, data capture and storage and data security and privacy have been commonly identified across all three different modeling techniques as the most dependent big data enablers for OSCM. Research limitations/implications The MCDM models of big data enablers have been formulated based on the inputs from few domain experts and may not reflect the opinion of whole practitioners community. Practical implications The findings enable the decision makers to appropriately choose the desired and drop undesired enablers in implementing the big data initiatives to improve the performance of OSCM. The most common driving big data enablers can be given high priority over others and can significantly enhance the performance of OSCM. Originality/value MCDM-based hierarchical models and causal diagram for big data enablers depicting contextual inter-relationships has been proposed which is a new effort for implementation of big data in OSCM.