Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inter-district'

Over recent years, the study of industrial districts, and inter-organizational relations has become a major theme of interest in network research. Theories characterized by an increased inter-relatedness between heterogeneous actors and knowledge fields point to a new form of inter-organizational relationship development. This is basicly based on the idea of creating trust between firms to increase their chances of success and to keep pace with the development of all relevant technologies. In this thesis, we present some data from a research project we have conducted in OSTIM industrial district, Ankara, Turkey. First, we present the theoretical perspectives which appear relevant to such investigation, and which aims at developing a better a network model of the inter-organizational relations of district firms, as well as trust, informal contracts and centrality issues, particularly as regards technological innovation and technology transfer of firms, respectively. Moreover, the evidence presented in this thesis is unequivocal in noting that long term inter-organizational relations and trust may be a necessary and a sufficent condition for a small and medium sized enterprise (SME) to take its place in the center of a complex web of inter-organizational relations as seen in an industrial district.

The primary aim of this study was to examine the role of inter-governmental relations in the local economic development processes of the Cacadu district municipality. The sample for the study was selected from Cacadu District Municipality, with five respondents participating in the survey. A qualitative methodology was used in the data collection and item analysis. This showed that the research instrument had good reliability. The literature review reveals that municipal local economic development in South Africa does not rely exclusively on competition. The Cacadu district municipality developed an inter-governmental relations policy that outlines the inter-governmental system and structures that need to be established in the district. In terms of this policy, a number of inter-governmental structures were established, ranging from the Cacadu District Mayor’s forum through Communications and AIDS structures to the Integrated Development Planning and LED Forums. Apart from the Local Economic Development (LED) forum, the findings of this study reveal that there are two further LED-related structures in the Cacadu District Municipality (CDM), namely: an operational District Support Team and a Rural Economic Development Initiative. The co-ordination takes place at the IDP forum, during the IDP processes, and at the Mayor’s and Municipal Managers’ forum. During the time of the research, the CDM was reviewing its economic growth and development strategy. The findings of the study suggest that the district is moving away from planning for isolated local economic development projects. The case study of Camdeboo Satellite Aquaculture Project (CSAP) illustrates the impact of inter-governmental relations and co-ordination in the Cacadu District Municipality. The design of the Project took place between November 2007 and June 2008.A detailed Business Plan for both farming and factory operations over a ten-year period has been compiled and subjected to a thorough evaluation by the CSAP Project Steering Committee, which includes the Industrial Development Corporation, the Development Bank of South Africa, the Eastern Cape Development Corporation and Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries – with financial support from Thina Sinako (a joint venture between the European Union and the Eastern Cape provincial Treasury).

The isolated evaluation of companies is not sufficient to analyze economic performance of particular enterprises. The performance of the company has to be assessed in relation to the relevant segment and to other companies. The importance of inter-company comparison based on financial analysis is enlarged by the need to increase efficiency and to maintain competitiveness. The aim of this thesis is to identify the determinants of performance of companies, which operate in the district heating segment. The aim is achieved by application of different methods of inter-company comparison. The particular emphasis is placed on the type of used fuel (the most significant cost for district heating companies). Appropriate indicators for evaluation of the economic performance are selected from a wide range of financial analysis indicators. The selection is subject to interests of the parent company.

The reality today is that we are all interdependent and have to co-exist on this small planet therefore, the only sensible and intelligent way of resolving differences and clashes of interests, whether between individuals or nations, is through dialogue --the Dalai Lama Nomadic pastoralist communities all over the world depend on the keeping livestock for their livelihood, and are characterized by constant migration, in search of pasture and water, or what others may call “search for greener pastures”. Most often as the case such as in Northern Kenya these communities or clans are in conflict with each other mainly over the same scarce resources- water and pasture. This particular treatise explores the role of local NGOs in managing such inter-clan conflict. As aptly put by Lewis (1981: 10-13), when grazing land is abundant, settlement patterns of the pastoral communities may include many non patrilineal kin, or other clans, the true patrilineal kin is honored when pressure arises in the form of diminishing water and pasture, in such instances those who are not one‟s clan become undesirable aliens, thus it is was not a surprise to witness, in the course of conducting the study the many sprouting settlements in Wajir County consisting of entirely agnatic kin, meant to protect “clan‟s” ideals at any costs. Intra-clan and inter-clan conflicts are thus common in the entire Northern Kenya; this study explores the management of inter-clan conflict in Wajir County, North Eastern Province of Kenya. In particular, this research offers an exploration and discussion of the sources of inter-clan conflict, the role of the local NGOs and the perceptions of the local communities, politicians, provincial administration and the local peace committees in the processes of the managing inter-clan conflicts by the local NGOs. With reference to relevant research and literature, as well as the researcher‟s good background understanding on the interventions of the local NGOs in Wajir County, this treatise will provide a series of recommendations to respond to the recurrent inter-clan conflict in the Wajir County, which to some extent could also be applicable to communities with similar settings in Africa and beyond.

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Community Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012.
The aim of this study was to explore factors which could influence the development of mass hysteria in the high schools within the UThukela District in Kwa Zulu Natal. Being exploratory in nature, the study generated or relied on hypotheses on the possible etiological factors that could lead to the development of mass hysteria. Quantitative research, in the form of subjective psychological well – being questionnaires (AFM, SWL & Fortitude scales) were used to collect data in order to determine whether or not mass hysteria was related or influenced by them. A total number of seven hundred and nineteen (719) participants – all high school teenagers of all races - answered questionnaires in the English language. Their age range was between 16 and 19 years. The smaller qualitative research section consisted of ten (10) randomly selected teenagers from the school community. The emphasis on qualitative research was placed on asking participants about their own experiences and/or meaning of mass hysteria and actions they took to heal or recover. The main findings were that there are statistically significant differences in the way different religious groups; gender and race contribute to the incidence of mass hysteria. The results of the subjective scales demonstrated a high level of psychological well – being of a large number of participants. In the literature review it was apparent that mass hysteria is a universal phenomenon, probably arising psycho dynamically from the mind/body interface without organic etiological factors. It is a symbolic relation between the pathological phenomenon and the precipitating psychical childhood traumas. Observations from mass hysteria victims are in keeping with various theories (for discussion), therefore the confirmatory hypotheses testing is not to be seen as an efficient means of unearthing a web of belief system in various communities. There are potential relationships among various theoretical dimensions of mass hysteria. Symptoms presented by victims of (mass) hysteria are almost similar, but are expressed differently by race, gender and religion. This research has tried to give some tentative answers to the question of mass hysteria.
University of Zululand

Cette thèse analyse le rôle du commerce dans un quartier défavorisé de grand ensemble. Elle évalue notamment la capacité d’un centre commercial dévalorisé aux yeux des acteurs publics à jouer le rôle d’espace « tremplin » pour les habitants du quartier. Pour ce faire, la thèse aborde le commerce comme un système social total, en multipliant les points de vue et les perspectives. Les plateformes commerciales de grand ensemble d’habitat social ont, dès les années 1970,connu un déclin de leur commercialité. Cette évolution est généralement expliquée par divers facteurs, dont la paupérisation de leurs quartiers d’implantation, ou le déploiement des hypermarchés en périphérie des villes françaises. Sont aussi mises en cause des erreurs de conception architecturale et urbaine, avec notamment la déconnexion de ces lieux vis-à-vis des flux piétons et motorisés. Parallèlement, l’image de ces plateformes s’est ethnicisée dans la mesure où les grands ensembles de banlieue sont devenus terres d’accueil d’une immigration postcoloniale. Forte de ces constats, la rénovation urbaine des quartiers défavorisés s’accompagne généralement d’une profonde refonte de l’armature commerciale existante et de la mise en place d’outils de régulation. Pourtant, certaines des polarités commerciales mises en cause par la rénovation urbaine affichent une bonne santé économique avec d’importants chiffres d’affaires, un faible taux de vacance et peu de rotation. C’est notamment le cas de la polarité commerciale du Mas du Taureau à Vaulx-en-Velin. Cette thèse propose ainsi de comprendre comment cet espace marchand de banlieue a pu et a su s’adapter. La thèse commence par explorer les capacités de résilience des commerçants du Mas du Taureau et leurs stratégies de développement économique. Celles-ci s’inscrivent dans une dynamique commerciale collective fondée sur le modèle « petits paniers, beaucoup de paniers ». Ce modèle prend appui sur un ancrage social populaire doté d’un régime d’interconnaissance et un réseau de sociabilité dense . Mais au-delà de l’ancrage dans la proximité, le centre commercial a été capable de rayonner à une échelle métropolitaine. En effet, l’enquête montre que la bonne santé économique et la forte fréquentation du centre commercial dépassent les standards de la polarité de proximité. La thèse analyse donc les principaux facteurs qui ont permis ce passage non programmé d’une polarité de proximité vers une centralité commerciale métropolitaine. Cette centralité s’appuie sur un marché bihebdomadaire et de nombreux commerces sédentaires (boucheries, boulangeries, restaurations) qui rayonnent dans un vaste quadrant de l’aire métropolitaine lyonnaise. L’attractivité du centre commercial du Mas du Taureau fait de lui une centralité minoritaire, s’approchant des standards de la « super diversité », un concept introduit en 2007 par Steven Vertovec. Il apparaît que la capacité du centre commercial à attirer des clients extérieurs au quartier s’opère dans un jeu de spécialisations « ethniques » plein de faux semblants. La plupart des commerçants n’ont pas une stratégie de marketing ethnique, et sont plutôt à la recherche d’un ancrage social et territorial propice au développement économique de leurs boutiques. La thèse s’attarde au demeurant sur les quelques marqueurs ethniques formés localement et qui procurent à l’offre commerciale du Mas du Taureau une image de centralité minoritaire. La thèse examine enfin le point de vue des décideurs publics locaux. Ceux-ci perçoivent souvent cet espace marchand au prisme du communautarisme, conduisant à de nouvelles formes de régulation publique. La polarité commerciale se trouve ainsi administrée par de puissants outils de gestion qui l’installent au centre d’une tension durable. Aujourd’hui, la réussite économique de la polarité commerciale n’est pas reconnue et son maintien ne semble pas envisagé
This thesis analyzes the role of commerce in a large underprivileged district. In particular, it evaluates the capacity of a local shopping centre, which some public actors aim to destroy, to be a place of opportunity for its inhabitants. To do so, the thesis approaches commerce as a “total” social system, by multiplying the points of view, including planning, urban design, economic, social as well as political perspectives. Commercial polarities of French large social housing estates have, since the 1970s, experienced a decline in their commerciality. This evolution is generally explained by various factors, including the impoverishment of the neighbourhoods in which they are located, or the deployment of hypermarkets on the outskirts of French cities. Architectural and urban design errors are also questioned, especially the disconnection of these places from pedestrian and motorised traffic. At the same time, following the population dynamics within large suburban complexes, the image of these commercial polarity has become ethnicized. From there, urban renewal in disadvantaged neighbourhoods is generally accompanied by major urban transformations and the introduction of regulatory tools. However, some of the commercial polarities involved in urban renewal are economically healthy with important sales figures, low vacancy rates and low turnover. This is notably the case of the commercial polarity of the Mas du Taureau in Vaulx-en-Velin. This thesis thus proposes to understand how this suburban shopping area has been able to adapt.The thesis begins by exploring the resilience capacities of the Mas du Taureau retailers and shopkeepers and their economic development strategies. Those strategies are based on a regime of mutual knowledge and a dense network of sociability. Besides, the shopping centre has been able to radiate on a metropolitan scale. Indeed, the survey shows that the good economic health and high sales of the shopping centre exceed the standards of proximity polarity. The thesis therefore analyzes the main factors that allowed this unplanned shift from proximity polarity to metropolitan shopping centrality. The latter type of centrality is sustained by a bi-weekly market and numerous sedentary businesses (butcher's shops, bakeries, restaurants) that radiate out over a vast quadrant of Lyon metropolitan area. The attractiveness of the Mas du Taureau shopping centre makes it a minority center approaching the standards of "super diversity", a concept introduced in 2007 by Steven Vertovec. It appears that the shopping centre's ability to attract customers from outside the neighbourhood is based on a game of "ethnic" specialisations full of make-believes. However, the thesis focuses on a few locally trained entrepreneurs and ethnic markers that give the Mas du Taureau's commercial offer an image of minority centrality.Finally, the thesis examines the point of view of local public decision-makers. They often perceive this market space through the prism of communitarianism, leading to new forms of public regulation. The commercial polarity is thus administered by powerful management tools that place it at the centre of a lasting tension. As of today, the economic success of Mas du Taureau commercial polarity is not acknowledged by local public actors and its maintenance is minimal. Through the analysis of the current urban renewal project, the thesis shows the representations of local actors that underlie the project to destroy a dynamic shopping centre in order to rebuild another one with an uncertain future

碩士
國立中正大學
教學專業發展數位學習碩士在職專班
102
Most studies on teachers Professional Learning Communities（PLC） select sites where members are from the same school. This study focused on the inter-district math teacher community, titled as Yu-Fu (anonym) PLC, which constructed for more than ten years. It aimed at exploring the stages of development, interactive atmosphere and its members’ professional development. To achieve the purpose, this study adopted qualitative research. The main participants are twelve members, including the leader, Principle Chen, and 9 teachers from 9 schools, and 2 teachers joining spread of community. Data were collected by interviews,document analysis techniques, participant observation and reflection journals. According to the analysis and the summary of data, there are following conclusions. 1.”Yu fu PLC”is an inter-district community setted up in Curriculum-Reformed for pursuing math teaching profession development. Because the community was organized by interdistrict teachers, it formed the atmosphere of discussion to facilitate the development. 2.The stage of the development of”Yu fu Community”was divided into embryonic period, stable period and transitional period according to the material edited in 1993 and textbook analysis book published by Preparatory Office of National Academy for education Research. The “developing problem-solving teaching model” was invented in the stable period and was applied and spread into the transitional period. 3. The convener of ”Yu Fu Community”, and the leading members devoted efforts to improve and enhance teaching efficacy by involving in teaching personally and providing professional feedback. Then, the action also promoted members gaining trust and sense of identity, and resulted in the interactive features of acting together and showing higher level of creativity 4. The members of ”Yu Fu Community” got professional growth in teaching. In mathematics knowledge, they were able to grasp the teaching objectives, to understand students’ entry point and to target the students who were behind, to reduce the reliance on textbooks, to have professional autonomy. In teaching skills, they broke through the traditional teaching and changed into constructing rich spiritual teaching methods, and exercised questioning techniques. In teaching belief, they faced the learning of students from the negative to the affirmative benefits own teaching on students; they trained students from computing power to build students' mathematical concepts. In general teaching knowledge, they extended from caring about their environment to seeking educational knowledge, and gained growth in using computer. According to the finding and conclusion of the research, the study will propose concerning advices to teachers involved in similar activities and future researchers.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Emergency Medical Care, Durban University of Technology, 2012.
Introduction The safe transfer of neonates from one healthcare facility to another is an integral component in the process of neonatal care. Neonates, a term applying specifically to infants during the first 28 days of life, are transferred from medical healthcare facilities which do not have specialist care or intensive care management to more specialised facilities in order to improve their clinical outcome and chance of survival. The transfer system is thus an important aspect of the overall care provided to neonates. The transfer process, however, poses a threat of aggravating the clinical condition of the neonate. Inter-healthcare facility transfer of a neonate requires careful planning, skilled personnel and specialised equipment to maintain the continuum of care, as this directly impacts on the morbidity and mortality of the neonate. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study was to undertake a descriptive analysis of the current neonatal inter-healthcare facility transfer system in the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This service is provided by the public sector ambulance service known as the Emergency Medical Rescue Service (EMRS). The study, based on 120 consecutive transfers, assessed the clinical demographics of the neonates, the time taken to complete the transfers, including time sub-intervals, the equipment that was necessary for the transfers and the qualifications and procedures performed by the transfer team. The study also identified any adverse events that were encountered during the transfers. Methodology The study was conducted from 19 December 2011 to 30 January 2012. It used quantitative methodology and a non-experimental prospective design to undertake a descriptive analysis of 120 inter-healthcare facility transfers of neonates within the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection relied upon two types of questionnaires. A descriptive survey method incorporated logistic and deductive reasoning to evaluate the objectives of this study. Frequency distributions were generated to describe data categories. Bivariate analysis was conducted using chi- square. Results During the study period there were a total of 120 neonatal inter-healthcare facility transfers. All referrals were undertaken by road ambulances. Eighty-three (62.2%), transfers were undertaken by the operational ambulance units, 35 (29.2%) by the obstetric unit and 2 (1.7%) by the planned patient transport units. Thirty one (28.5%) transfers were on Fridays, followed by 24 (20.8%) on Mondays and 20 (16.6%) on weekends. Ninety seven (80.8%) were during the hours of dayshift (07h00-19h00) and 23 (19.2%) were during nightshift (19h00-07h00). Of the 120 neonatal transfers, 29 (24.2%) were specialised transfers, of which 22 (75.9%) were ventilated. With reference to the gestational ages of the neonates being transferred 90 (76.7%), were pre-term, 26 (21.7%) were term and 2 (1.7%) were post-term. There were 11 (9.2%) newborns (from birth to 4 hours), 56 (46.7%) early neonates (from 4 hours to 7 days) and 53 (44.2%) late neonates (from 7 days to 28 days). Of the 120 neonatal transfers, 90 (75.0%) were pre-term having associated co-morbidities and 49 (40.8%) had respiratory problems. The mean time ± standard deviation (SD), taken by EMRS eThekwini to complete an inter-healthcare facility transfer was 3h 49min ± 1h 57min. The minimum time to complete a transfer was 55min and the maximum time was 10h 34min. The mean time ± SD from requests to dispatch was 1h 20min ± 1h 36min. The delays in dispatch were associated with no ambulances being available 70 (58.3%), no ALS personnel available 48 (40.0%), no equipment available 23 (19.2%) and no ILS personnel available 7 (5.8%) to undertake the transfers. Junior or inexperienced personnel in the communication centre also contributed to the time delays by dispatching ALS personnel for non-specialised transfers and requesting neonatal equipment when it had not been requested by the referring personnel for the transfer. The mean time ± SD from the referring hospital to the time mobile to the receiving hospital was 43min ± 26min. Six (5.0%) neonates were clinically unstable at the referring facility for transfer. For 15 (12.5%) transfers, neonates had been inappropriately packaged for transport by the hospital staff, which added to the delays, p. value = 0.018. The necessary equipment was unavailable for 37 (30.8%) of the transfers. The lack of equipment was due to problems such as poor resource allocation, and malfunctioning, inappropriate, insufficient and unsterile equipment. The pre- departure checklist had not been completed in 50 (41.67%) of the transfers. The study identified 10 (8.3%) adverse events related to the physiological state of the neonate and included 1 (0.8%) mortality. Nine (7.5%) neonates suffered serious life threating complications during transportation, 8 (6.7%) of which were due to desaturation, 6 (5.0%) due to respiratory deterioration, 3 (2.5%) due to cardiac deterioration and 1 (0.8%) due to temperature related problems. Eighteen (15.0%) of 120 transfers experienced equipment related adverse events of which 9 (7.5%) were associated with ventilators, 9 (7.5%) with incubators, 3 (2.5%) with the ambulance, 2 (1.7%) with the oxygen supply and 1 (0.8%) with arterial cannulation. Five (33.3%) of the 15 equipment related adverse events contributed directly to life threatening physiologically related adverse events, p. value = 0.007. Conclusion and recommendation The Emergency Medical Rescue Service (EMRS) is involved in the transportation of a significant number of neonates between various healthcare facilities in the eThekwini Health District, some requiring intensive care and some not. This descriptive, prospective study has identified numerous shortfalls in the service provided by the EMRS in the eThekwini District. Inter-healthcare facility transfer of neonates can be safely performed by the transport services if the operations are well co-ordinated and there are dedicated, specialised and trained transport teams armed with appropriate equipment and medication, together with the guidance of policies and quality assurance. Transport teams must be trained to provide this specialised care in various environments, including ground and air ambulances and understand the multiphase neonatal transfer processes. There must be good communication and co-ordination by all role players, which is underpinned by good team work to improve the standards of neonatal care and monitoring. Only then can clinical excellence be achieved when transporting neonates between healthcare facilities.

碩士
華梵大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系碩士班
102
The purpose of this study is to analysis the relationship between job involvement and job satisfaction of volunteering for the volunteers of elementary school in New Taipei City. According to the literature reviews and the results of related empirical research to design a questionnaire, we take volunteers of nine elementary schools in New Taipei City to be the subjects of the study conducted on the questionnaire survey, 262 valid questionnaires were obtained. The final results of survey were statistically analyzed and discussed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA with the least significant difference (LSD) method of posteriori comparison, and Pearson’s product- moment correlation analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The job involvement of volunteering for the volunteers of elementary school with the job identification is the highest, the job commitment is next, the willingness of working is the lowest. 2. The job satisfaction of volunteering for the volunteers of elementary school with partner cooperative cognition is the highest, capacity for growth & self-affirmation is next, school support is the lowest. 3. The job involvement and job satisfaction of volunteering for the volunteers of elementary school have significant differences on “years of experience”, “obtained a certificate of honor”, “autonomy”, “training”; while “age”, “religious belief ” & “participating in group” has no significant difference. 4. Among all correlation coefficients are positive correlation between the job involvement and job satisfaction of volunteering for the volunteers of elementary school, where “job identification” in the whole job involvement and job satisfaction are in the highest correlation. Keywords : Volunteers, job involvement, job satisfaction, volunteering, elementary school.

碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
104
Inter-agency cooperation is very common in the modern government, especially nowadays work are separated in several bureaus; each unit in charge of various resources, and professional in different fields. Nevertheless, under the big target, each participant may not have common goal while preparing the event, since different role can have different things to concern and different reason to join this event. We are interesting in knowing the authority-responsibility relationships, the information exchange, conflicts, and communication between units. By analysing antecedents, process, outcomes, the critical factors and communication path in a successful cross-section case, “New Taipei City Hakka Tung Blossom Festival”, we hope to construct a common cooperation method, and strengthen the relationship by following the new interaction way between the New Taipei City Hall and its departments. In this paper, through analysing previous research findings about cross-boundary management, inter-agency cooperation, municipal government and district relationship, culture industry and Hakka Tung Blossom Festivals, we finalize the research structure. With the document analysis, case study research, in-depth interviews, we have deeper understanding about the cooperate situation between Hakka Affairs Department and District Office during the festival period. We found that Hakka Affairs Department and the District Office both countered dilemmas on the integration and autonomy, confusion about the horizontal and vertical relations in the authority structure, and uncertainty feeling about the Hakka Tung Festival’s future. However, the powerful leadership from the New Taipei City Hall and the Mayor of District plays a critical part to make this event succeed. Through this case study, we found that if each unit could respect different features and development background when cooperate with other department, it can certainly contribute smoother policy implementations, and a better result. Key words:Municipal Government, District Office, Inter-Agency Cooperation, New Taipei City Hakka Tung Blossom Festival

碩士
國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
105
The food safety law has been amended several times, and the punishment becomes heavier, mainly because in recent years, food safety incidents have occurred frequently. In order to deal with public food safety crisis, the district attorneys (DA) should coordinate with these administrative organizations from different professional areas. Although several researchers have highly focused on studies related to inter-organizational management and coordination among different administrative agencies, there is still a dearth of studies examining how district attorneys (DA) could coordinate with government agencies outside of the judiciary. Accordingly, this issue should be worthy of further discussions in this report. The case study approach and in-depth interview method were adopted to further investigate cross-border coordination between the judicial and administrative organizations with particular respect to the case of Ting Hsin food safety scandal. Observe interaction between the district attorneys (DA) and other administrative organizations, and introduce how judicial and administrative organizations coordinate from legal and practical aspect. Survey piece by piece on news scripts, statements from the competent authority''s website, indictments of related cases, and investigation report from Supervisory Office. Draw the relation chart and gradually clarify the isuue through in-depth interview. The research chooses three interview subjects and the initial conclusion comes as following: first, central management angency has loose and poor coordination with local investigation agencies chronically, therefore, administrative conduction and law interpretation usually appear out of date. The main part hosts investigation of food safety cases works like this, no wonder the efficiency appears poor. Secondly, to coordinate administrative organozations the district attorneys (DA), all participants must be familiar with each others'' authority and boundary and help each other solve problems to achieve the same goal. Third, with positive feedback, establish a replicatible pattern.It has been suggested that a district attorney, like a project manager, should play a critical role in dealing not only with inter-organizational coordination, but also with rapid changes and complex food safety crisis.

碩士
銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
103
The aging in population has become a prevalent phenomenon in developed countries. Facing the increasing numbers of elders, how to maintain their health and quality of life, reduce the overuse of medical resources and achieve aging in place is a mutual responsibility between government and the whole society. Meals-on-wheel is one of the important welfare services that provide for elderly living alone. In the European and North American developed countries, as well as Taiwan, such service are mostly funded by government and delivered by local groups or nonprofit organizations, to those who mostly lived alone with middle and low-come. This study takes one administrative district in northern Taiwan metropolitan area as example, to understand the service delivery, and the issues and problems may be raised among agencies, in terms of their collaboration and division of labor, as well as solutions. This study examines the degree of integration among agencies based upon the theoretical framework of integrated care theory, which are centralized by the need of elderly living alone. The agencies which provide this service include: department of social service, department of health, local community, NPOs and etc. By looking at the seven aspects of operational dimensions: screening and evaluation, delivering procedure, resources networking, information exchange, case management, finance and payment, we will analyze the degree of integration and its efficacy. We find that the inter-agency collaboration for meals-on-wheels service for elderly living alone in this study is a fully integrated service model. Facing an aging society, care for the elderly is no longer government duty alone, the community can offer more capacity. This case presents a different model that integrates all kind of agency, professions, and establishes partnership among government, community, and social services. It benefits elderly living in the community by utilizing local resource and generate a comprehensive care network. This study suggests that the government need to establish a complete plan of meals-on-wheels, with sustainable finance and sufficient men power.

Across the world, war has been declared against poverty because of its devastating effects on local communities. The world has made a concerted effort to fight the effects of poverty through developmental agencies and regional integration bodies such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). In an effort to complement the efforts of the above–mentioned agencies and bodies, the South African government has developed its own poverty alleviation strategies, policies, initiatives and Acts that focus primarily on alleviation of poverty on the level of local government. The Constitution of South Africa, 1996 provides the guidelines to several regulations and Acts (such as the Development and Facilitation Act, 67 of 1995, the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000, and the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 117 of 1998.) that support the alleviation of poverty on the local sphere of government. The Integrated Development Planning programme was formulated and implemented to alleviate poverty at this level. The purpose of this study was to determine how the level of poverty within the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality could be alleviated through effective integrated development planning. A quantitative approach was followed because the target population response rate was expected to be large. In addition, the research design for this study included a literature review, analyses of official documents, observation and data sampling through questionnaires and scientific analysis of the responses. The study found that IDP objectives aligned to service delivery targets were unclear and did not depict the aspirations and needs of the community. The programmes aimed at the infrastructure coupled with skills development programmes and job creation initiatives could assist in the alleviation of poverty.
M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The central objective of this dissertation is to gain an understanding of the effect by the market within the household on a specific developmental initiative whose aim was poverty reduction. This dissertation analyses how individuals gain access to resources, and how they enforce their entitlements during the on-going implicit and explicit negotiations inherent in daily rural life. The research tested the suitability of several concepts previously untested in the southern African context. The concept of hearth-holds, proved valuable as a unit of analysis which recognizes the importance of female-directed social units. The relevance of the fall-back position in terms of locality of kin, as well as perceptions of legitimacy, were crucial in affecting how far they were willing to go and what they felt they could demand in everyday household bargaining situations. The deficiency of using romantic ideas of conjugal relations and equal opportunities to explain practice was apparent. Spouses strategise within the terms of their conjugal contracts, at times adhering to the dominant patriarchal bargain, at times covertly defying or overtly challenging it, and following another bargain. Placing women as the custodians of morality, works to the relative advantage of men by isolating women from accessing certain opportunities. Female heads of households, manage to legitimise their access to resources by virtue of being custodians of their children. Custodianship of cash funds, and the dominant decision making model used for resource related decisions in the household, clearly impacted on the relevance of different strategies in the bargaining process. The strategic entry points in this process of reduced transparency and violence were relevant in most households studied. The latter was effective in reinforcing and shaping the conjugal contract, despite in effect breaking it. Drinking facilitated this process by creating a temporary suspension of the rules. Concrete recommendations for developmental practitioners involve incorporating the hearth-hold concept and promoting the communal planning, budgeting and monitoring approach, as well as to specifically target individuals who need their intra-household bargaining power boosted. A clear policy on affirmative action in gate keeper roles, as well as gender disaggregated documentation of beneficiaries, should be institutionalised.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)

This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.