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VanBurkleo, Sandra F. "The Framers' Intentions: The Myth of the Nonpartisan Constitution." Journal of American History 108, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaab143.
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Fernando, Joseph M. "The Position of Islam in the Constitution of Malaysia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 37, no. 2 (May 15, 2006): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463406000543.
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The Federal Constitution of Malaysia states that Islam is the religion of the Federation. This provision in Article 3(1), inserted in 1957 when the independence constitution was framed, has drawn considerable scholarly attention in recent years. Most of the studies, however, have not been able to consult the primary constitutional documents. Invariably, many have given varied and ambiguous interpretations of the provision. This article examines the primary constitutional documents and constitutional debates between 1956 and 1957 to trace the origin of Article 3(1) and to determine the intentions of the framers in inserting this provision in the constitution.
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Schlesinger, Arthur. "The Legislative-Executive Balance in International Affairs: The Intentions of the Framers." Washington Quarterly 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01636608909443710.
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Muralidharan, Sidharth, and Kim Sheehan. "“Tax” and “Fee” Message Frames as Inhibitors of Plastic Bag Usage Among Shoppers." Social Marketing Quarterly 22, no. 3 (February 8, 2016): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500416631522.
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In response to the plastic bag pandemic, many studies have indicated that penalties can lower consumption of plastic bags but are only effective in the short term. For long-term impact, shoppers’ intrinsic motivations need to be explored. Using framing and the theory of planned behavior, the current study looked at how advertising messages framed as “avoiding a fee” (gain) and “paying a tax” (loss) can impact shoppers’ behavior to bring reusable bags. Findings from a hierarchical and multiple regression analysis showed differences in how both frames were interpreted. For the fee frame, attitude toward compliance and perceived control were important to intentions, while attitudes toward bringing reusable bags, control, and subjective norms impacted intentions for the tax frame. Behavioral intention was the main predictor of behavior for both frames. The findings suggest that a penalty framed as a tax maybe more effective in motivating shoppers to bring reusable bags. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Choi, Soe Yoon, Hee Sun Park, and Ju Yeon Oh. "Temporal distance and blood donation intention." Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 4 (September 13, 2011): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311421048.
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This study tested Construal Level Theory and examined social desirability and cultural differences as factors affecting blood donation intention across different time frames. Findings showed that individuals indicated stronger intentions for the distant future (one-year and no-time indication frames) than for the near future (one-week and three-month frames). The relationship between social desirability rating of blood donation and intention was positive and significant for the no-time indication frame, but it was not significant for the one-week time frame and the three-month time frame. Koreans and Americans did not differ in the relationship between social desirability and intentions across different time frames.
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Graber, Mark A. "Our (Im)Perfect Constitution." Review of Politics 51, no. 1 (1989): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500015874.
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This article explores an attitude which I call perfect constitutionalism. Perfect constitutionalists believe that, properly interpreted, the Constitution requires that our society conform to the best principles of human governance. This belief that the Constitution is nearly flawless not only underlies the so-called fundamental values strand of constitutional thought but also those strands of constitutional argument based on conceptions of the democratic process or the original intentions of the framers. Unfortunately, empirical and theoretical problems result when constitutional theory is reduced to political philosophy. In order to overcome these problems we need to essay a different interpretive approach, one which I call imperfect constitutionalism. Imperfect constitutionalism emphasizes the value of constitutions, even ones that might be improved in many ways.
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Fried, Charles. "Sonnet LXV and the "Black Ink" of the Framers' Intention." Harvard Law Review 100, no. 4 (February 1987): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341092.
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Romney, Paul. "The Nature and Scope of Provincial Autonomy: Oliver Mowat, the Quebec Resolutions and the Construction of theBritish North America Act." Canadian Journal of Political Science 25, no. 1 (March 1992): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390000189x.
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AbstractIn the 1930s, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was criticized for allegedly perverting the meaning of theBritish North America Actand the intentions of its framers. This notion persists, partly because its historiographical basis—the idea that the Fathers of Confederation envisaged a dominant federal government—remains substantially intact. To the Ontario Reformers, however, the Confederation agreement had not established federal dominance. On the contrary, it had implemented the broad claims to local autonomy which Reformers had been advancing ever since the 1820s. And while those claims rested on a legally heterodox conception of colonial constitutional status, the BNA Act gave legal effect to that conception as applied to federal-provincial relations. This allowed Oliver Mowat to do what earlier Reform leaders could not have done: enforce the local claims in court.
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Gao, Quan, and Hye Eun Lee. "How Framed Messages Influence Depression Assessment Intentions: Interactivity of Social Media as a Moderator." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041787.
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This study examines how the framing and interactivity of messages influence the intentions of individuals to take a depression assessment. An experiment with a 2 (message framing: gain-versus loss-) × 2 (interactivity: low versus high) between-subject design was conducted among 269 Chinese participants (M = 30.70, SD = 7.34). The results showed that those reading loss-framed messages had a higher intention to take a depression assessment compared to those reading gain-framed messages. Secondly, those reading messages delivered with high interactivity had a higher intention to take a depression assessment than those reading messages delivered with low interactivity. Further, the interaction effect of framed messages and their varying degrees of interactivity was found to influence the intentions of individuals to take a depression assessment as well. Specifically, participants who read the loss-framed message reported stronger intention in the high interactivity group. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of loss-framed and gain-framed messages in promoting the intention to take a depression assessment in the low interactivity condition.
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Liu, Hsin-Hsien. "How promotional frames affect upgrade intentions." Journal of Economic Psychology 39 (December 2013): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.08.004.
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Okebukola, Elijah Oluwatoyin. "A Universal Procedural Framework for War Crimes Tribunals." International Community Law Review 14, no. 2 (2012): 85–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197312x633450.
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Abstract Notwithstanding the uniformity of war crimes substantive law, applicable procedural rules vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In the case of ad hoc tribunals, the applicable rules may not be known until the tribunal is established. Consequently, there is uncertainty and incoherence in war crimes procedural law. Furthermore, the quality of applicable rules is dependent on the varying experience, knowledge and intentions of the framers of the procedural rules of each tribunal. This article makes the case for a universal procedural framework that can serve as an instrument for evaluating and creating war crimes procedural rules. Amongst other things, such a framework will bring about certainty and coherence in war crimes procedural law. In devising the model framework, the article adopts the Benthamite approach to the relationship between substantive law and procedural law and also relies on some aspects of the process evaluation theories of Robert Summers and Michael Bayles.
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Dolgopolova, Irina, Bingqing Li, Helena Pirhonen, and Jutta Roosen. "The effect of attribute framing on consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward food: A Meta-analysis." Bio-based and Applied Economics 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/bae-11511.
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This paper analyzes the existing literature on the effect of attribute framing on consumers’ attitudes and intentions with regard to food products. Attribute framing includes a broader interpretation of gains and losses when a product attribute is presented in a dichotomous way, such as fat vs. lean or harm vs. benefit. Meta-analysis results for the whole sample indicate that product attributes framed as gains have a higher effect on attitudes and intentions than product attributes framed as losses. Grouping studies by outcome variables, the meta-analysis demonstrates a larger effect size for studies that assess consumer attitude while for studies dealing with consumer intention, the effect size is close to zero and insignificant. We observe from the meta-regression results that the gain frame, the use of interaction terms, a specific product, and a student sample significantly influence consumers’ attitudes and intentions.
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Wang, Yuan, Jiyoun Kim, Allison Chatham, and Lingyan Ma. "“I lose” “I gain” vs. “They lose” “They gain”: The Influence of Message Framing on Donation Intentions in Disaster Fundraising." Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research 5, no. 1 (2022): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30658/jicrcr.5.1.1.
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Grounded in the 2018 California Camp Fire context, this study explores how message framing in charitable appeals influences individuals’ donation intentions. A 2 (firstperson imagery perspective vs. third-person imagery perspective) × 2 (gain frame vs. loss frame) between-subject online experiment was conducted via Amazon’s MTurk. Results showed that gain/loss framing and imagery perspectives interactively influenced participants’ donation intentions. Specifically, when a message is lossframed, a first-person imagery perspective (“I lose”) message is more effective than a third-person imagery perspective (“they lose”) message in enhancing participants’ perceived issue relevance, induced empathy, and donation intention. In addition, when the message is framed with a third-person imagery perspective, a gain-framed (“they gain”) message is more persuasive than a loss-framed (“they lose”) message.
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Brug, Johannes, Robert A. C. Ruiter, and Patricia Van Assema. "The (Ir)Relevance of Framing Nutrition Education Messages." Nutrition and Health 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010600301700102.
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Persuasive health education messages can either stress the positive consequences of performing a healthy behaviour (gain-frame) or the negative consequences of not performing a healthy behaviour (loss-frame). Based on studies on topics such as sun protection and breast self-examination there is evidence that messages in different action frames may differ in persuasive effects. Three randomised controlled trials were conducted to test framing effects in nutrition education on specific nutrition-related attitudes and intentions. In study 1, effects of gain-framed and loss-framed messages were studied among 152 adult education students on attitudes and intentions related to fat, fruit and vegetable consumption. In study 2 we confronted 149 regular students with differently framed messages related to a (more or less fictive) preventive dietary behaviour that was expected to be unknown to the study population, intake of flavonoids and risk for chronic disease. The impact on attitudes and intentions to use flavonoid-enriched spreads was studied. In study 3 we studied the effects of differently framed messages on attitudes and intentions related to more immediate and more personally relevant diet nutrition behaviour: folic acid supplement use before and during pregnancy among 100 female students. No significant differences in attitudes or intentions to perform the preventive nutrition behaviours were found between the gain-frame conditions and the loss-frame conditions in all three studies. The (lack of) effects were not moderated by factors such as perceived personal relevance, credibility or novelty of the information, or the perceived importance of the topic addressed. The results of the present studies suggest that action-frame choice has a very limited impact on the effectiveness of nutrition education in changing precautionary motivation.
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Bigman, Cabral A., Marisa A. Smith, Lillie D. Williamson, Arrianna M. Planey, and Shardé McNeil Smith. "Selective sharing on social media: Examining the effects of disparate racial impact frames on intentions to retransmit news stories among US college students." New Media & Society 21, no. 11-12 (June 26, 2019): 2691–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819856574.
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Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests disparate racial impact frames may lead to selective sharing on social media and result in differential retransmission rates across racial groups. In this online study, we (1) examined reported exposure to and sharing of content about race on social media among Black, White, and “Other” race/ethnicity college students ( N = 150); (2) experimentally tested how exposure to news story previews with control, implicit, or explicit disparate racial impact frames affected subsequent sharing intentions; and (3) explored reasons students provided for their intentions to share/not share the stories. Black students reported more exposure to and sharing of content about race on social media. Few participants cited discrimination in open-ended responses explaining sharing/non-sharing intentions. Nevertheless, despite holding story topic and source constant, disparate racial impact frames resulted in differences in sharing intentions among Black and White students, demonstrating these frames can influence selective sharing intentions.
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Dommermuth, Lars, Jane Klobas, and Trude Lappegård. "Realization of fertility intentions by different time frames." Advances in Life Course Research 24 (June 2015): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.02.001.
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Ye, WeiMing, Qian Li, and Shubin Yu. "Persuasive Effects of Message Framing and Narrative Format on Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination: A Study on Chinese College Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 9485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189485.
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During a public health crisis, the provision and dissemination of health-related information are important for the relevant authorities to keep the public informed. By using different types of message framing, the authorities can effectively guide and persuade people to adopt health-related behaviors (such as vaccination). In this study, a web-based experiment using a 2 × 2 (message framing: gain framing versus loss framing) × (message presentation: narrative versus non-narrative) design was conducted to investigate the effects of different message frames on vaccination promotion. In total, 298 college students were recruited to participate in this study. The results suggest that, for message framing, loss-framed (vs. gain-framed) messages lead to higher intentions to get vaccinated. Furthermore, compared with non-narrative messages, narrative messages are more persuasive in promoting vaccination behavior. However, the interaction effect between gain–loss message framing and narrative framing is not significant. Additionally, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived costs mediate the effect of narrative framing on behavioral intentions. In other words, compared with non-narrative messages, narrative messages lead to higher levels of perceived severity and perceived benefits, and a lower level of perceived costs, which in turn increase intentions to get vaccinated. This paper provides insightful implications for both researchers and practitioners.
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Barnes, Kirsten, and Ben Colagiuri. "Positive Attribute Framing Increases COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Intention for Unfamiliar Vaccines." Vaccines 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2022): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060962.
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Positive framing has been proposed as an intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccination intentions. However, available research has examined fictitious or unfamiliar treatments. This pre-registered study (aspredicted#78369) compared the effect of standard negatively framed EU patient information leaflets (PILs), with new positively framed PILs, on booster intentions (measured pre- and post-intervention) for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. A representative sample of 1222 UK-based adults was randomised to one of six groups in a factorial design with framing (Positive vs. Negative) and vaccine familiarity (same (as previous), familiar, unfamiliar) as factors. The benefit of positive framing was hypothesised to be strongest for the least familiar vaccine (Moderna). Framing was moderated by familiarity, where only the unfamiliar vaccine showed a benefit of positive relative to negative Framing. Framing and familiarity also interacted with baseline Intention with the effect of framing on the unfamiliar vaccine especially pronounced at low baseline Intent. Conversely, standard negative framing appeared to increase intentions for familiar vaccines at low baseline intent. Findings provide important evidence that positive framing could improve vaccine uptake globally when switches or new developments require individuals to receive less familiar vaccines. Positive framing of familiar vaccines, however, should be treated with caution until better understood.
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Glover, Lorri. "Jefferson, Madison, and the Making of the Constitution by Jeff Broadwater, and: The Framers' Intentions: The Myth of the Nonpartisan Constitution by Robert E. Ross." Journal of the Early Republic 40, no. 3 (2020): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2020.0074.
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Oven, Katie J., and Jonathan D. Rigg. "The Best of Intentions?" Asian Journal of Social Science 43, no. 6 (2015): 685–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04306003.
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Drawing on research on landslide risk reduction in Nepal and the impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 in southern Thailand, this paper considers how risk, in the context of natural hazards, is produced by processes of social and economic transformation; understood and experienced by vulnerable groups; and framed by governments and experts. In so doing, we propose an agenda for more effective disaster risk management. We open the discussion by exploring the spatiality of risk, vulnerability and opportunity in the two research contexts, in particular, why people live in hazardous places and the processes that explain the intersection of human settlement and livelihoods on the one hand, and risk on the other. The paper then turns to consider the way that “risk”—and the framing and prioritisation of risk(s) by governments, experts and by vulnerable groups themselves—plays a role in setting the disaster risk management agenda. Underpinning this is the hidden question of what evidence is used—and valued—in the identification and delineation of risk. In order to understand disaster vulnerability, we argue that it is necessary to look beyond the immediate “hazardscape” to understand the wider risk context both spatially and structurally. Effective disaster risk management requires not only an appreciation of the different framings and understandings of risk, but a true integration of knowledge and expertise.
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Sharma, Hemendra. "Crypto Currency: An Analysis with Financial Literacy as Moderator." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2022.11.1.3222.
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This research paper provides a comprehensive overview on investment intention of subjects towards crypto currency. We hypothesise that trust, electronic word of mouth, perceived risk and moderator financial literacy are the primary reasons for the increased interest in crypto currencies. An online questionnaire was framed and data was collected from 247 respondents who are well aware about digital investments, possess basic knowledge of internet and are keen in exploring more digital avenues of investments. Data analysis was carried out through two stage structural equation modelling. The findings suggested that investment intentions are significantly influenced by trust, electronic word of mouth and perceived risk. Further, financial literacy moderated the effect of electronic word of mouth and trust on investment intention. The current paper is unique and first of its kind in India where it reflects the investment intentions of subjects towards crypto currency along with the linking of trust, electronic word of mouth, perceived risk and financial literacy as moderator. Particularly, the finding of this study is one of a unique attempt to make aware about the investor intention towards crypto currency for the market and the economy.
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Giménez García-Conde, Miguel, Longinos Marín, and Salvador Ruiz De Maya. "Effective Social Marketing to Improve Parental Intentions Giving More Fruits and Vegetables to Children." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 7968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197968.
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There is a need to monitor the growing prevalence of childhood weight issues and obesity worldwide. Parents can establish a set of family rules regarding child behaviors, but parents’ favorable attitudes toward healthy nutrition are also necessary. Despite the importance of this issue, there has been very little research on the most efficient means of communication to improve parental intentions to give fruits and vegetables to their children. Social marketing plays a key role in formulating effective communication campaigns targeting parents. We focus on two elements of the communication process, the message endorser and the message framing, and run an experiment with a sample of parents. Results demonstrate that parental intention to provide fruits and vegetables to children will be higher when the related message is backed by an expert endorser (vs. a celebrity endorser), the message is positively framed (vs. negatively framed) and when the message is emotionally framed (vs. rationally framed). Moreover, there is an interaction effect between the influence of the expertise/celebrity characteristic of the endorser and the message framing on parental intention to provide fruits and vegetables, and the effect is higher when the rational message framing is endorsed by an expert.
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Ainiwaer, Abidan, Shuai Zhang, Xiayiabasi Ainiwaer, and Feicheng Ma. "Effects of Message Framing on Cancer Prevention and Detection Behaviors, Intentions, and Attitudes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e27634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27634.
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Background With the increasing health care burden of cancer, public health organizations are increasingly emphasizing the importance of calling people to engage in long-term prevention and periodical detection. How to best deliver behavioral recommendations and health outcomes in messaging is an important issue. Objective This study aims to disaggregate the effects of gain-framed and loss-framed messages on cancer prevention and detection behaviors and intentions and attitudes, which has the potential to inform cancer control programs. Methods A search of three electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. After a good agreement achieved on a sample by two authors, the article selection (κ=0.8356), quality assessment (κ=0.8137), and data extraction (κ=0.9804) were mainly performed by one author. The standardized mean difference (attitude and intention) and the odds ratio (behaviors) were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of message framing (gain-framed message and loss-framed message). Calculations were conducted, and figures were produced by Review Manager 5.3. Results The title and abstract of 168 unique citations were scanned, of which 53 were included for a full-text review. A total of 24 randomized controlled trials were included, predominantly examining message framing on cancer prevention and detection behavior change interventions. There were 9 studies that used attitude to predict message framing effect and 16 studies that used intention, whereas 6 studies used behavior to examine the message framing effect directly. The use of loss-framed messages improved cancer detection behavior (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90; P=.001), and the results from subgroup analysis indicated that the effect would be weak with time. No effect of framing was found when effectiveness was assessed by attitudes (prevention: SMD=0.02, 95% CI –0.13 to 0.17; P=.79; detection: SMD=–0.05, 95% CI –0.15 to 0.05; P=.32) or intentions (prevention: SMD=–0.05, 95% CI –0.19 to 0.09; P=.48; detection: SMD=0.02, 95% CI –0.26 to 0.29; P=.92) among studies encouraging cancer prevention and cancer detection. Conclusions Research has shown that it is almost impossible to change people's attitudes or intentions about cancer prevention and detection with a gain-framed or loss-framed message. However, loss-framed messages have achieved preliminary success in persuading people to adopt cancer detection behaviors. Future studies could improve the intervention design to achieve better intervention effectiveness.
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Habitzreuter, Anna Mei, Michaela Soellner, and Joerg Koenigstorfer. "The Effect of Consumer versus Industry Effectiveness on Willingness to Reduce Waste and Reuse Products." Marketing ZFP 42, no. 4 (2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-4-3.
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The goal of the study is to assess the influence of consumer versus industry effectiveness states, generated by message frames when providing information to consumers, on their behavioural intentions to reduce waste and reuse products. A pre-study identifies appraisal-based emotions depending on whether either industries or consumers were framed as more effective in reducing waste. Three experimental studies were conducted in the USA and Brazil to test the downstream effects of such communication. The studies showed that informed states of industry (versus consumer) effectiveness increased anger which in turn had a positive effect on behavioural intentions to reduce waste and reuse products (Studies 1-3). The relationship was stronger for individuals with low (versus high) concern for immediate consequences (Study 3). Policymakers may concentrate on informing consumers that their actions may not be sufficient as of today and that higher determination is needed to protect the environment.
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Wen, Ji, Xiaolin Mai, Wei Li, and Xin Liu. "The Influence of Message Framing on Elderly Tourists’ Purchase Intentions of Health Services: A Case Study of Guangxi Bama." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 14100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114100.
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Traveling has become an increasingly important lifestyle for the elderly to realize active aging. The elderly are more inclined to pay attention to wellbeing-related products whilst on vacations, representing a market opportunity for providers of tourism health services. This study conducted an experiment to explore how message framing affects intentions to purchase health services in elderly tourists over the age of 59 years. A total of 216 elderly tourists from Bama, a famous wellness tourism destination in China, were recruited as participants for a single-factor (message framing: positive versus negative) experiment. Our results indicate the following: (1) message framing has a significant impact on elderly tourists’ intentions to purchase health services. Compared with messages that are negatively framed, positive messages are more persuasive. (2) Perceived benefits mediate the above relationship. (3) Perceived susceptibility moderates the impact of message framing around perceived benefits, as well as the indirect effect of perceived benefits on purchase intention. Theoretically, this paper clarifies the mechanism and conditions of message framing in relation to its effects on consumer intentions, enriching knowledge about the intersection between tourism and health consumption. This paper also provides guidance for providers of health tourism who are seeking to capture the market of elderly tourists.
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Loureiro, Ana, and Maria Luisa Lima. "Energy-Saving Behavior: the Different Roles of Altruism and of Environmentalism." Universitas Psychologica 18, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy18-1.esbd.
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This experimental study, in which 118 university students participated, addresses how environmental and altruistic cues induce energy-saving behavior and intention, and their interaction with environmental and altruistic values, thus testing the influence of context or situational variables in energy-saving behavior and intention. Additionally, it does an empirical approach to the role that environmental and altruistic values may have as individual predictors of energy-saving. Environmental and altruistic situational cues are operationalized by environment and altruism conceptual priming. The results reveal an interaction between situational variables and personal values: environment priming induced more energy-saving behavior among individuals with lower altruistic values. The same effect is not observed for energy-saving intention. When the environment and altruism priming were present, individuals with lower altruistic values had less energy-saving intentions. These results underline the importance of distinguishing environmental and altruistic frames and motives when explaining energy-saving behavior.
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Steinhorst, Julia, and Christian A. Klöckner. "Effects of Monetary Versus Environmental Information Framing: Implications for Long-Term Pro-Environmental Behavior and Intrinsic Motivation." Environment and Behavior 50, no. 9 (August 23, 2017): 997–1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517725371.
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Monetary incentives can reduce the performance of pro-environmental behavior, but it remains unclear if they undermine pro-environmental intrinsic motivation. In this longitudinal intervention study, we investigated how monetarily versus environmentally framed behavioral information influences pro-environmental intrinsic motivation, intentions, and behavior. Clients of a local German energy provider ( N = 657) were randomly assigned to receive electricity saving tips, combined with a savings potential in € (monetary framing) or in CO2 (environmental framing). Both types of framed tips positively influenced long-term electricity saving intentions (after 9 months), compared with a control group (receiving no tips), but not behavioral change ( n = 285). Monetarily framed tips did not reduce pro-environmental intrinsic motivation (vs. a control group), but only environmentally framed tips increased pro-environmental intrinsic motivation, which mediated effects on intentions. Hence, environmental framing of behavioral interventions may be preferred when promoting long-term pro-environmental behavior without continuous monetary benefits. Otherwise, both framing strategies can be equally effective.
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Janowitz, Naomi. "Framing the Intentions of Suicide Bombers." Religions 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13090864.
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Despite the extensive information known about suicide bombings, widely-varying intentions have been used by many scholars to explain the religious motivations for the violence: these events are framed by participants as religious experiences, raising complex questions about the relationship between religious experience and violence. Recent studies use the vocabulary of religious studies—sacrifice, martyr, witness—to locate “cultures of violence” in a specific psychic structure, in a specific religion, or in religion in general; this paper compares three major studies that are representative of contemporary debate about religious experience. Ivan Strenski’s approach offers the broadest view, grounding suicide bombings in specific Islamic shaping of religious experience by a (non-normative) view of self-sacrifice emboldened by notions of jihad. Gideon Aran reconstructs a much narrower frame, a mutual attachment by bombers and their enemies around motivations from the redemptive capacity of blood (spilling and collecting). Ruth Stein psychoanalyzes the mind of a specific suicide bomber, Mohammed Atta, locating a complex web of love and hate as a motivation. These studies, each in a different way, demonstrate just how elusive the intentions of bombers remain and the sheer range of frameworks that might illuminate the aims of individuals who engage in suicide bombings.
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Smith, Marisa A., Lillie D. Williamson, and Cabral A. Bigman. "Can Social Media News Encourage Activism? The Impact of Discrimination News Frames on College Students’ Activism Intentions." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (April 2020): 205630512092136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120921366.
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The marginalization of African Americans is a pervasive issue in American society. As African Americans are left on the fringes of economic, social, and political resources, social media news offers the potential for motivating action that combats the institutional policies contributing to societal disparities. Utilizing the lens of the Anger Activism Model (AAM), this experiment recruited undergraduate participants ( N = 198) and tested the effects of implicit and explicit discrimination news frames on activism intentions. The findings indicate that news frames directly impact reported levels of activism intentions among college students. Unexpectedly, we found racial differences in perceptions of whether the news stories involved racial discrimination. The implications of these findings are discussed considering social media news, marginalization, and activism among college students.
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Hastall, Matthias R., and Anna J. M. Wagner. "Enhancing Selective Exposure to Health Messages and Health Intentions." Journal of Media Psychology 30, no. 4 (October 2018): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000197.
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Abstract. Insufficient message exposure is still a major obstacle for effective health communication activities, and little is known on how message features affect selective exposure and persuasion. This study examined the effects of two health message features, suggested susceptibility and gain–loss framing, on respondents’ selective exposure and subsequent health behavior intentions. Two personality traits, repression-sensitization and approach/avoidance motivation, were studied as moderators of the proposed relationships. An experimental 2 (suggested susceptibility: low vs. high) × 2 (gain–loss framing: gain- vs. loss-framed message) study was conducted. Participants browsed through an online health magazine while their message choices were unobtrusively logged. A subsequent online questionnaire assessed personality dispositions and behavioral intentions. High levels of message susceptibility increased both selective exposure to health messages and respondents’ motivation to engage in adaptive health behaviors. Gain–loss framing did not affect message exposure or behavioral intentions, with one exception: Avoidance-oriented low-anxious respondents selected more loss-framed than gain-framed articles for reading. Repression-sensitization and approach/avoidance motivation did not moderate health message effects, but partly influenced these measures directly or in combination. The number of articles to choose from was limited, and it is unclear to what extent the findings can be generalized to other, more familiar health topics. Emphasizing readers’ susceptibility to health threats appears very effective for increasing exposure to health messages and protective behavioral intentions. The effectiveness of gain–loss framing, by contrast, largely depends on moderating factors.
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Dobson, David S., and Karolien Poels. "Combined framing effects on attitudes and behavioral intentions toward mortgage advertisements." International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 961–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-07-2019-0277.
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PurposeMortgage lenders often combine a variety of framing strategies when developing mortgage advertisements. To date, these frames have mostly been studied separately. This paper, however, studies the combined framing effects of message valence, specificity, and temporality on consumers' mortgage decision-making.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods design was used. First, 13 unique print ads collected from a Canadian newspaper were analyzed for content. Second, a 2 × 2 × 2 scenario-based experiment with 400 undergraduate participants examined the framing effects of valence, specificity and temporality on attitudes toward the mortgage advertising message, the product advertised, and the brand, as well as on consumers' behavioral intentions toward the advertised mortgage product.FindingsThe content analysis suggests that combined framing does exist in print ads. A positive message with a fixed term and a specific interest rate were the most commonly used frames. The experiment revealed that, for behavioral intentions, the main effect of the message temporality was significant. The effects of advertising a long-term mortgage on behavioral intentions were more favorable than those of advertising a short-term mortgage.Practical implicationsThis research provides a combined framing model for designing advertising strategies for the financial services industry to market complex financial products, such as mortgage loans to consumers. This is relevant to lenders when designing a persuasive package or ads for potential customers.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to investigate the effects of combinations of message frames on consumers' mortgage decision-making, while also advancing the understanding of message framing theory for the financial services industry.
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Nandakumar, Nachiketas, Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran, Arti Kalro, and Piyush Sharma. "Threat, efficacy and message framing in consumer healthcare." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, no. 4 (May 6, 2017): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-07-2016-0117.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the interactive effects of message framing, perceived threat and efficacy appeals on attitudes/intentions toward consumer healthcare communications, particularly, cataract surgery. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops two conceptual models dealing with threat, efficacy and framing and tests them with data collected from two field experiments. Findings The results reveal that high efficacy messages in combination with high threat or loss-framed messages have a significant positive influence on consumer attitudes and intentions in the consumer healthcare arena. Practical implications The findings have managerial value and public policy implications for healthcare officials in developing effective communications material. Specifically, this paper recommends that high threat, high efficacy and loss-framed efficacy messages be used. Originality/value This research extends previous work by demonstrating the effectiveness of threat appeals and framing on consumer attitudes and intentions to undergo cataract surgery. It also demonstrates the use of communication models in the healthcare domain.
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Carcioppolo, Nick, Aurora Occa, and Elena V. Chudnovskaya. "When is it OK to Joke? Adding humor to fear-based colonoscopy screening messages may increase compliance." HUMOR 33, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0057.
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AbstractLarge scale campaigns frequently use humor to increase compliance with colonoscopy screening recommendations. Problematically, we know little about how humor functions to influence screening. This study seeks to understand whether and how messages framed using humor appeals function differently from those using fear appeals to increase colonoscopy intentions. An online experiment (N = 186) was conducted comparing colonoscopy screening messages framed with a fear appeal and mixed humor/fear appeal. The addition of humor was more effective among those with high frequency of cancer worry, whereas the fear appeal resulted in significantly higher response efficacy, which was in turn associated with increased colonoscopy intentions. These results begin to describe situations in which intervention messages framed with a mixed humor/fear appeal may be more or less effective than interventions framed with fear appeals alone. Practical and theoretical implications for persuasive message design are discussed.
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KULATHINAL, SANGITA, and MINNA SÄÄVÄLÄ. "FERTILITY INTENTIONS AND EARLY LIFE HEALTH STRESS AMONG WOMEN IN EIGHT INDIAN CITIES: TESTING THE REPRODUCTIVE ACCELERATION HYPOTHESIS." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 5 (August 13, 2014): 632–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000261.
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SummaryIn life history theory, early life adversity is associated with an accelerated reproductive tempo. In harsh and unpredictable conditions in developing societies fertility is generally higher and the reproductive tempo faster than in more secure environments. This paper examines whether differences in female anthropometry, particularly adult height, are associated with fertility intentions of women in urban environments in India. The study population consists of women aged 15–29 (N=4485) in slums and non-slums of eight Indian cities in the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of 2005–2006. Adult height is taken as a proxy for early childhood health and nutritional condition. Fertility intentions are examined by using two variables: the desire to have a child or another child, and to have it relatively soon, as indicative of accelerated reproductive scheduling. Evidence supporting the acceleration hypothesis is found in two urban frames out of 26 examined in a two-staged multinomial logistic model. In three cases, the relationship between fertility intentions and height is the opposite than expected by the acceleration hypothesis: taller women have a higher predictive probability of desiring a(nother) child and/or narrower birth spacing. Potential explanations for the partly contradictory relationship between the childhood health indicator and fertility intentions are discussed.
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Bierstaker, James L., Martha Howe, and Inshik Seol. "Accounting Majors' Perceptions regarding the 150-Hour Rule." Issues in Accounting Education 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2004.19.2.211.
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Most states now require students who sit for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) examination to have 150 semester hours of college education. The 150-hour requirement is intended to, among other benefits, improve the preparation of students for the profession, increase their chances of success on the CPA exam, ensure a more wellrounded education for new entrants to the profession, and attract better students to the field of accounting. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether accounting majors' perceptions regarding this requirement match the anticipated benefits of the 150-hour rule, and whether they match the realities of what has occurred in localities where the rule has been in effect. Data were collected from 247 accounting majors via a questionnaire. The results indicate that, in most respects, students' perceptions align fairly well with the intentions and the realities of the 150-hour requirement. For example, most students indicate an interest in obtaining a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree for their fifth year of education. This would be a more balanced education envisioned by the framers of the requirement. Most students feel that they should receive additional compensation for the added education. In contrast to the reality in most locations, they do not expect accounting firms to increase compensation for those with 150 hours of education. Although students generally were not in favor of the 150-hour rule, a majority indicated they would continue to pursue becoming a CPA despite the 150-hour requirement. Still, a substantial number of students indicated they would pursue the Certified Management Accountant (CMA) designation rather than pursuing the CPA.
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Gupta, Vikas, Kavita Khanna, and Raj Kumar Gupta. "A study on the street food dimensions and its effects on consumer attitude and behavioural intentions." Tourism Review 73, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2018-0033.
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Purpose This study aims to find out various dimensions of the risk and benefit perceptions of the consumers of street food vendors. It will identify the reasons which affect consumer’s attitude and consumption patterns towards street foods, which bring about changes in their behavioural intentions (repurchase intention and word of mouth intention). Design/methodology/approach Five risk and two benefit factors were tested on a factor model by exploratory factor analysis using 26 constructs. Two-step approach was followed in which measurement model, having six constructs with 17 measurement items, were assessed, followed by the structural model. This study explained that the consumer attitude is affected by perceived risks and benefits. Further, the risk perception negatively affects the behavioural intentions. A conceptual model was framed to depict the relationships among variables and was empirically tested. Findings The results indicate that risk and benefit perception of consumers are not only inter-related but also responsible for their changes in attitudes towards the street foods. In the factorial analysis, it was found that perceived benefit factors, i.e. convenience and value, are responsible for positively influencing the attitude of consumers towards street food. The findings indicate that reducing risk perception and increasing benefit perception will positively change the patron’s attitude. Originality/value The data collection was done through a structured questionnaire specifically drafted to collect the relevant data for the study from the 658 street food consumers in Delhi. To examine the factorability of 26 items of risk/benefit perception, 586 observations were used.
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Li, Yang, Dandan Yang, and Yingying Liu. "The Effect of Message Framing on Consumers’ Intentions to Purchase Recycling-Aiding Products in China." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126966.
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Recycling can benefit our community and the environment to a considerable degree through the link between collection and processing. Governments and companies make substantive efforts to develop effective communication strategies that encourage people to conduct recycling behaviors by using recycling-aiding products. Across three lab experiments, this research finds that negative frames are more effective in convincing consumers to purchase recycling-aiding products than positive frames. The results can be explained through perceived value and pro-environmental personal norms. Furthermore, negative frames are more effective for consumers with lower environmental involvement. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the framing effect as it applies to communicating messages about recycling-aiding products. Finally, our conclusions provide solid theoretical support and suggestions for policymakers and marketers, such as designing specific advertisements tailored to different demographics.
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Major, Lesa Hatley. "Mental Health News: How Frames Influence Support for Policy and Civic Engagement Intentions." Journal of Health Communication 23, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1411994.
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Pelligra, Vittorio. "Intentions, Trust and Frames: A Note on Sociality and the Theory of Games." Review of Social Economy 69, no. 2 (June 2011): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346760903568451.
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Boggio, Andrea, Giorgio Scita, Carmen Sorrentino, David Hemenway, and Andrea Ballabeni. "Engaging bioscientists in science communication: Evidence from an international survey." F1000Research 6 (March 2, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10842.1.
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Background: Exchanges between scientists and nonscientists are critical to realizing the social value of basic research. These exchanges rest in part on the willingness and ability of scientists to engage effectively in science communication activities. In this paper, we discuss the perception and willingness of basic scientists in the biological and biomedical fields to engage in science outreach. Methods: The analysis is based on qualitative data collected as part of a survey on the social value of basic research and is framed by the theory of planned behavior. This is a well-established theory of human behavior that relies on the premise that a person’s intention to engage in a behavior is the single best predictor of whether that person will in fact engage in that behavior. Results: Our data show that, while bioscientists maintain a positive attitude towards science communication, their intentions are influenced by some negative feelings with regard to how nonscientists react to science communication efforts. Interactions with institutional actors, governmental bodies and the public are particularly problematic. On the other hand, interactions with clinicians and patients are framed in positive terms. Finally, some study participants raised concerns as to their ability to communicate science effectively, the availability of time and resources, and the lack of proper rewards, particularly in terms of career advancement, for those who engage in science efforts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that bioscientists' intentions to engage in science communication efforts must be better studied to develop empirically-informed interventions to increase scientists’ participation in science outreach efforts.
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Laksono, Fajar, and Oly Viana Agustine. "Election Design Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013." Constitutional Review 2, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev223.
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The major implication from Constitutional Court Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 is that the Constitution promotes fundamental changes to the design of the general election regarding both process and substance. Therefore, in order to uphold the Constitution, efforts are required to reconstruct the design of the general election, particularly so that elections are conducted in accordance with Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 as a representation of the spirit and the will of the 1945 Constitution. Essentially, the current norm regarding the implementation of general elections following the election of members of the representative institution is not consistent with the stipulations in Article 22E Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) and Article 1 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. Constitutional Court Decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013 aims to realign the implementation of the elections with the intentions of the 1945 Constitution. Through implementation of the original intent method and systematic interpretation, the Constitutional Court offered its interpretation that the framers of the amended Constitution intended that general elections have five ballot boxes, with the first for the People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), the second for the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD), the third for the president and vice president, the fourth for the Regional People’s Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) at the provincial level and the fifth for the DPRD at the regency level. Thus, it can be concluded that the presidential elections should be conducted simultaneously with elections of members of the representative bodies. Through this decision, the Constitutional Court revoked the prevailing norm, such that Presidential Elections and Elections of members of representative bodies were no longer valid because they violated the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court introduced a new legal condition that obligated General Elections to be held simultaneously.
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Brink, David O. "Semantics and Legal Interpretation (Further Thoughts)." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 2, no. 2 (July 1989): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s084182090000285x.
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In my article “Legal Theory, Legal Interpretation, and Judicial Review” I tried to do three main things. First, I tried to establish a link between familiar issues within legal theory about the nature and determinacy of the law and familiar issues within constitutional theory about the scope and record of judicial review via their common dependency on assumptions about the nature of legal interpretation. Second, I argued that a proper theory of interpretation has at least two important components: a theory of the semantics of legal terms and a theory about how best to characterize the purposes or intentions underlying legal provisions. Third, I sketched my own account of these two components of legal interpretation and then explored their implications for these familiar disputes within legal theory and constitutional theory. In particular, the semantic claims that I outlined require us (a) to distinguish between the meaning or reference of legal terms and people’s beliefs about the extension of those terms and (b) to rely on theoretical considerations, of various kinds, in ascertaining the extension of general terms occurring in legal provisions. The account of underlying purpose that I sketched requires legal interpreters to identify the purpose of a legal provision with the abstract values that the framers of that provision sought to implement, rather than with the specific activities that they sought to regulate, and then to determine the extension of these values (i.e., the activities that these provisions, properly understood, do regulate) by appeal to theoretical considerations about the nature of these principles and policies. These interpretive claims, I argued, tend to vindicate a belief in the determinacy of the law in hard cases and the style, if not the content, of the Court’s exercise of judicial review in cases concerning individual rights, against worries that in these cases it has exceeded the scope of legitimate judicial review.
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McCormick, Michael, and Todd McElroy. "Healthy choices in context: How contextual cues can influence the persuasiveness of framed health messages." Judgment and Decision Making 4, no. 3 (April 2009): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001777.
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AbstractResearch has shown that framing messages in terms of benefits or detriments can have a substantial influence on intended behavior. For prevention behaviors, positively framed messages have been found to elicit stronger behavioral intentions than negatively framed messages. Research also seems to indicate that certain contextual features contribute to the persuasiveness of a message. In the present research we test how message framing, contextually presented affect and the number of argument factors interact and contribute to the persuasiveness of a health related message. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that, in our prevention focused task, increasing the number of arguments increased behavioral intentions (BI) for positively framed messages when subjects were cued, via negative affect, to be attentive to the message. This resulted in a significant framing effect for messages with the maximum number of arguments and a negative background picture. An account of contextual influence in persuasive health messages is discussed.
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Wallen, Kenneth E., and Gerard T. Kyle. "The efficacy of message frames on recreational boaters’ aquatic invasive species mitigation behavioral intentions." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 23, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2018.1434705.
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Atav, Gizem, Subimal Chatterjee, and Rajat Roy. "To forgive or retaliate? How regulatory fit affects emotional reactions and repurchase decisions following product failures." Journal of Consumer Marketing 38, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-05-2020-3843.
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Purpose When a product fails out of negligence on the seller’s part, consumers can either retaliate against the seller, more so if a third party encourages them to do so, or forgive the seller should the seller express remorse. This paper aims to examine how the fit between the consumer’s promotion/prevention regulatory orientation and the promotion/prevention frame of a message of contrition (retaliation), such as an apology from a chief executive officer (CEO) (a class action suit threat by a lawyer), affects such forgiveness (retaliation) intentions in the form of product repurchase decisions. Design/methodology/approach In two laboratory experiments, this paper temporally induces a promotion or prevention orientation in the study participants and thereafter ask them to imagine experiencing a product failure and listening to (1) the CEO apologize for the harm (eliciting sympathy/encouraging repurchase); or (2) a lawyer inviting them to seek damages for the harm (eliciting anger/discouraging repurchase). This paper frames the messages from the CEO/lawyer such that they fit either with a promotion mindset or with a prevention mindset. Findings This paper finds that, following a message of apology, a frame-focus fit (compared to a frame-focus misfit) elicits sympathy and encourages repurchase universally across promotion and prevention-oriented consumers. However, following a message encouraging retaliation, the same fit elicits anger and discourages repurchase more among prevention-oriented than promotion-oriented consumers. Originality/value Although past research has investigated how regulatory fit affects forgiveness intentions, this paper fills three research gaps therein by (a) addressing both forgiveness and retaliation intentions, (b) deconstructing the fit-induced “just right feelings” by exploring their underlying emotions of sympathy and anger, and (c) showing that fit effects are not universal across promotion and prevention-oriented consumers. For practice, the results suggest that managers can lessen the fallout from product failures by putting consumers in a promotion mindset that strengthens the effect of a promotion-framed apology and inoculates them against all types of retaliatory messages.
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Peltzer, Raquel I., Karina Conde, Maria Ayelen Biscarra, Aldana Lichtenberger, and Mariana Cremonte. "Broadening the evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior: predicting heavy episodic drinking in Argentinean female and male youth." Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 17, no. 2 (July 23, 2017): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v17i2.323.
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Introduction: Although the Theory of Planned Behavior has successfully been applied to explain heavy episodic drinking, recent reviews have identified gaps in the literature. Among them the role of gender, scarce research from non English speaking countries (and thus, other drinking contexts) and lastly, contradictory results regarding the measures used to evaluate social norms and perceived behavioral control. Objective: We aim to broaden the evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior by evaluating the capacity of the model to predict heavy episodic drinking in Argentinean female and male youth. Methods: In this study a psychometrically sound measure is used and which evaluates both dimensions of social norms and perceived control. We measured Theory of Planned Behavior variables and last month heavy episodic drinking at two-time frames. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. Results: Attitude was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking intention; there were gender differences, among women perceived behavioral control and subjective norm were also predictors of heavy episodic drinking intentions. The intention was the main predictor of heavy episodic drinking for both genders, while perceived behavioral control was also a predictor among women. Conclusions: Theory of Planned Behavior allows us to better understand the motivational variables related to heavy episodic drinking intention and performance, and thus, to design appropriate prevention interventions.
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DeCelles, Katherine A., Scott Sonenshein, and Brayden G. King. "Examining Anger’s Immobilizing Effect on Institutional Insiders’ Action Intentions in Social Movements." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 847–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839219879646.
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We theorize that anger incited by a social movement, which has a mobilizing effect among outsider activists, might immobilize collective action intentions for institutional insiders—those sympathetic to the movement and employed by its target. We conducted initial field surveys across a spectrum of social movements, including Occupy Wall Street and #metoo, as well as those related to business sustainability and gun control, which showed that institutional insiders are often just as angry as outsider activists. But the evidence from those surveys did not show that social movement anger translated into collective action intentions among institutional insiders. We tested our theory deductively with an experiment conducted with participants who were supportive of social movement issues in their organizations. Overall, our results show that anger about a social movement issue relates to greater collective action intentions among outsider activists but not among institutional insiders. Instead of anger emboldening institutional insiders to act despite the potential costs, anger triggers fear about the potential negative consequences of collective action in the workplace, which in turn results in withdrawal. While social movements often rely on anger frames to mobilize sympathizers, our work suggests that this practice may paradoxically cause fear that immobilizes those uniquely positioned to be able to influence organizations to change.
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Lee, Jina, Minjae Seo, and Erin Leahey. "Who Deserves Protection? How Naming Potential Beneficiaries Influences COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312210824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221082422.
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Typically, vaccination is perceived as self-interested act, but it is also a community-oriented action that benefits other members in society, as high vaccine uptake reduces disease transmission. Drawing on the notion of deservingness, the authors ran an online experiment ( n = 516) to assess whose interests motivate people from across the political spectrum to engage in a community-oriented action: the intention to receive a coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Results show that liberals and conservatives resonate with self-oriented and community-oriented message frames differently. When a community-oriented message focuses on hard-hit groups such as racial minorities, this increases vaccine intent among liberals but decreases vaccine intent among conservatives. A message focusing on community in a generic sense is the only message frame that increases vaccine intent among moderates and the message that induces the least resistance among conservatives. The findings suggest that members of racial and ethnic minority groups are still excluded from boundaries of moral concern.
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Popp, Johanna, Nanna Notthoff, and Lisa Marie Warner. "Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity—A Question of Item Framing and Age?" Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0059.
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Older adults process and remember positive information relatively better than negative information, compared with younger adults; this is known as the positivity effect. This study examined whether older adults compared with younger adults also respond differently to positively and negatively framed questionnaire items. Participants (N = 275; age = 18–81 years) were randomly assigned to a positively or negatively framed version of a self-efficacy for physical activity questionnaire. Self-efficacy, physical activity intentions, and planned physical activity in the following week were regressed on experimental group and age, controlling for baseline physical activity and covariates. A significant Age × Frame interaction showed that item framing made a difference in planned physical activity for the oldest age group (+350 min compared with the youngest group). This study provides initial support for the positivity effect in item framing on physical activity plans, but not on intentions or self-efficacy. Item framing should be taken into consideration for accurate measurement, but could also be a simple intervention approach.
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Gustafson, Abel, and Ronald E. Rice. "The Effects of Uncertainty Frames in Three Science Communication Topics." Science Communication 41, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 679–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547019870811.
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While uncertainty is central to science, many fear negative effects of communicating scientific uncertainties to the public, though research results about such effects are inconsistent. Therefore, we test the effects of four distinct uncertainty frame types (deficient, technical, scientific, consensus) on three outcomes (belief, credibility, behavioral intentions) across three science issues (climate change, GMO food labeling, machinery hazards) with an experiment using a national sample ( N = 2,247) approximating U.S. census levels of age, education, and gender. We find portraying scientific findings using uncertainty frames usually does not have significant effects, with an occasional exception being small negative effects of consensus uncertainty.