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Long, Meghan. "Comparison of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in a Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation Program." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498769361795025.
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Herget, Sabine, Sandra Reichardt, Andrea Grimm, David Petroff, Jakob Käpplinger, Michael Haase, Jana Markert, and Susann Blüher. "High-intensity interval training for overweight adolescents." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213799.
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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) consists of short intervals of exercise at high intensity intermitted by intervals of lower intensity and is associated with improvement of body composition and metabolic health in adults. Studies in overweight adolescents are scarce. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in overweight adolescents to compare acceptance and attendance of HIIT with or without weekly motivational encouragement through text messages and access to a study website. HIIT was offered for six months (including summer vacation) twice a week (60 min/session). Participation rates were continuously assessed and acceptance was measured. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after six months. Twenty-eight adolescents participated in this study (age 15.5 +/- 1.4; 54% female). The standard deviation score for body mass index over all participants was 2.33 at baseline and decreased by 0.026 (95% CI - 0.048 to 0.10) units, p = 0.49. Waist to height ratio was 0.596 at baseline and decreased by 0.013 (95% CI 0.0025 to 0.024), p = 0.023. Participation within the first two months ranged from 65% to 75%, but fell to 15% within the last three months. Attendance in the intervention group was 14% (95% CI - 8 to 37), p = 0.18, higher than the control group. Overall program content was rated as \"good\" by participants, although high drop-out rates were observed. Summer months constitute a serious problem regarding attendance. The use of media support has to be assessed further in appropriately powered trials.
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Adamson, Simon. "High intensity training : implications for optimal ageing." Thesis, Abertay University, 2017. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e481af87-83c5-4ce7-a2e4-7a2b06355c21.
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Ageing is associated with a decline in health. Physical activity is known to attenuate this decline; however a large amount of the general population does not participate in the recommended amount of physical activity. Time is reported in middle-aged and elderly populations as a major barrier to exercise participation. Therefore time-efficient and effective exercise paradigms are required to encourage engagement in physical activity, improve health and reduce the risk of disease. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of using high intensity training (HIT) as an exercise paradigm to promote optimal ageing. Seventy seven participants (age range 35-75 years) were recruited to take part in HIT protocols consisting of 10 x 6 second sprints interspersed with a minimum of 1 minute recovery. Prior to taking part in the training participants underwent a series of baseline measures which included physical function tests, predicted aerobic capacity, oral glucose tolerance test, fasting lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. After 6-10 week of training, participants were retested to determine the effectiveness of HIT. Following 6, 8 or 10 weeks of HIT, physical function was significantly improved by 9-29% in both middle aged and elderly populations. Aerobic capacity was increased by 10.5% in middle aged participants and by 5.1-8.7% in elderly participants. Blood glucose clearance, as assessed by area under the curve, was decreased by 6% in the middle aged participants and 4.2-17% in the elderly population. Systolic blood pressure was unchanged in the middle aged participants but was reduced by 5.4-8% in the elderly participants. Following 10 weeks of HIT, circulating lipid profile was significantly improved in the elderly by 11-25.9%. These improvements are speculated to be a result of HIT-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle mitochondrial, cardiac, vascular and metabolic function. Very short duration sprints provide rapid improvements in various aspects of health and could be utilised to promote optimal ageing.
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Collins, Jessica Rose. "Impact of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Critical Power and the Power-Duration Relationship." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9185.
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Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. METHODS: Twenty-two (10 female) untrained, young (26.4 ± 0.9 years) adults completed 8 weeks of cycling training (40 min, 3 per week) administered as either MICT cycling (44% max work rate achieved during a maximal graded exercise test; GXTmax) or HITT cycling (4 bouts at 80% GXTmax for 4 min with recovery intervals between). Cycling V̇O2max, CP, W’ and Anaerobic Capacity (i.e., Wingate) were determined before and after training. Specifically, CP was assessed with the work-over-time method derived from 4–5 constant-power tests to exhaustion. RESULTS: MICT (n = 11) and HIIT (n = 11) groups completed the same amount of work over the course of the training (P = 0.76). CP significantly increased in both groups, but to a greater extent in the HIIT group (MICT: 15.7 ± 3.1% vs. HIIT: 27.5 ± 4.3%; P = 0.04). The work that could be performed above CP (i.e., W’) was not significantly impacted by training (p = 0.76). V̇O2max significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01), and the magnitude tended to be greater in the HIIT group (MICT: 8.3 ± 2% vs. HIIT: 14 ± 2.6%; P = 0.09). Interestingly, the training-induced change in CP was not significantly related to the training-induced change in V̇O2max. The training-induced increase in CP exhibited a positive curvilinear relationship with the training intensity, expressed as a percentage of the initial CP, with those performing the same workout at a greater percentage of CP exhibiting greater training-induced increases in CP (R2 = 0.49, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: HIIT elicits approximately twice the increase in CP than an equal amount of MICT in untrained young adults. Moreover, the magnitude of increase in CP is strongly related to the intensity of the exercise, relative to CP, even when exercising at the same percentage of GXTmax. Thus, exercise may be more effectively prescribed relative to CP, rather than V̇O2max or GXTmax.
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Erickson, Jacob Eisenreich. "High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Superset Training: A Comparison of Energy Expenditure." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27912.
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The purpose of this study was to compare energy expenditure between high intensity
interval training (HIIT) and agonist-antagonist (SUPER) resistance training (RT) exercise
protocols. Twelve males (23.91 ? 3.58 years) with at least six months of RT experience were
recruited for the study. Each participant completed both exercise protocols while VO2, lactate,
respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were
measured. Significant differences were seen in RPE, RER, aerobic, anaerobic, and total overall
energy expenditure when comparing protocols. There were no significant differences in VO2 or
HR. Rest interval length and volume load can play a part in energy expenditure, but whether
other variables are affected has yet to be shown when comparing HIIT to SUPER. In this study
HIIT elicited a higher total energy expenditure than SUPER despite an overall shorter duration
and a lower one-repetition maximum percentage for each exercise.
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Wallace, Andrew C. "MODERATE INTENSITY CYCLING TRAINING: EFFECTS ON RUNNING PERFORMANCE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1547826726325787.
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Chan, Elizabeth. "A comparison of circuit training and high intensity interval training for population health." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12315.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityIn the fast-paced lifestyle of modern-day society, people often feel overwhelmed by their list of things to do. It is no surprise then that a lot of people claim that they have "no time" to exercise. Two short-duration programs-circuit training and high intensity interval training-seem to be the answer to this issue, and this report investigates each program to see if one is more beneficial than the other in regards to population health. Factors taken into consideration for this comparison include cardiovascular responses, metabolic responses, and psychological factors. Research was gathered through PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and interviews with certified physical trainers to reach an evidence-based conclusion on whether circuit training or high intensity interval training was more beneficial. The Published Data section presents relevant data from the scientific literature in The Effects of Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training on the Cardiovascular System, The Effects of Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training on Body Metabolism, and Psychological Changes Associated with Circuits & High Intensity Interval Training, and is presented by first detailing methodological data, followed by the study's findings. The implications of the results, along with any possible extraneous factors, will be evaluated in the Discussion section.
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Achten, Juul. "Influence of exercise intensity and training on substrate utilisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397453.
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Mier, Nicole M. "Training effect of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program using upper extremity exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527569.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) using the upper extremities on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), total time-to-fatigue (TTF), peak power output (PPO), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentrations (bLa). Results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements by the HIIT group in VO2peak, HRpeak, PPO, and TTF when compared to a continuous training (CT) group.
Results of this study suggest that upper extremity HIIT appears to produce greater improvements in several physiological outcome measures when compared to CT and may be an effective way to improve cardiopulmonary fitness. Furthermore, a HIIT program using the upper extremities as little as 2 days per week appears to be a viable way to improve factors that contribute to cardiopulmonary fitness, muscular fitness, and performance, while being an efficient use of time.
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Dunham, Cali A. "The effects of high intensity interval training on pulmonary function." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4133.
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Hough, John. "Intensified training and salivary hormone response to high-intensity exercise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9887.
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Cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) are commonly suggested as markers of overreaching and the unexplained underperformance syndrome (UPS) as taken together they highlight the body s state of stress by indicating the body s catabolic/anabolic balance. Research in this area has focused on the resting concentrations of these hormones and provided inconsistent findings with increases, decreases and no changes reported when individuals are compared in an overreached state with a normally trained state. Little attention has been given to the exercise-induced responses of these hormones and whether this could be a reliable marker of overreaching/UPS. Overreaching will only occur with an intensification of training so the aims of the studies in this thesis were to determine the effects of intensified training on the exercise-induced responses of salivary and plasma C and T concentrations. Study 1 (Chapter 4) determined the salivary and plasma C, T and plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) concentration responses in physically fit, healthy males to a double-bout cycle to fatigue protocol devised by Meeusen et al. (2004). They reported blunted exercise-induced hormonal responses to this protocol when well-trained cyclists were overreached compared with a normally trained state. Study 1 concluded that the exercise-induced responses of the salivary and plasma C and plasma ACTH concentrations were unaffected by a 4-day intensified training period. Blunted exercise-induced salivary and plasma T concentrations were found post-training but were due to blunted resting, basal T concentrations post-training compared with pre-training. The double-bout cycle to fatigue protocol did not elicit large C or T responses and so was not ideally suited to highlight alterations in the exercise-induced hormone responses. A high-intensity, short-duration exercise protocol (called the 55/80 bout) was established in Chapter 5 which induced robust elevations of salivary and plasma C and salivary T concentrations when in a normal trained state. Such a protocol could highlight any adaptations in the exercise-induced responses of C and T concentrations. It was also concluded that salivary and plasma C concentrations positively correlated if the peak post-exercise values were compared but not so with the salivary and plasma T concentrations. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 concluded that blunted responses of the salivary C (Chapter 6) and T (Chapter 6 and Chapter 7) concentrations to a 55/80 bout occurred after an intensified endurance training period (~10 days). These results indicate that the 55/80 bout could be a useful detection tool of exercise-induced alterations in salivary C and T concentrations caused by an elevation of training loads in both recreationally active and elite athlete populations. The reproducibility of the salivary hormonal responses to the 55/80 bout needed to be established before it could be concluded that this was indeed a useful tool. Chapter 8 concluded that the responses of both salivary C and T concentrations to the 55/80 bout were reasonably reproducible with intra-individual variations of 12% (salivary C) and 7% (salivary T) reported. Chapter 8 also concluded that a familiarisation 55/80 bout was needed to reduce the variation in the responses of both salivary C and T concentrations. The final experimental chapter examined the response of salivary C and T over a competitive season in elite male triathletes and concluded that the 55/80 bout was unable to highlight any adaptations in the salivary C and T exercise-induced responses. This was suggested to be due to the low numbers of participants in this study and the ability of the triathletes to cope well with the elevations in training loads over the season. In conclusion, the studies in this thesis suggest that the exercise-induced responses of salivary C and T do alter due to an intensification of training loads. This alteration presents as a blunting of the exercise-induced responses of these salivary hormones. The 55/80 cycle bout can highlight this blunted response in both recreationally active and elite athlete male populations and therefore may be a useful tool to examine exercise-induced adaptations in salivary C and T concentrations caused by periods of intensified training.
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Wessel, Paige. "Accuracy of Commercial Fitness Trackers During High-Intensity Functional Training." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1634.
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Commercially available fitness trackers have been found to accurately measure steps and caloric expenditure during walking and running activities. Circuit-style, highintensity functional training (HIFT) has become increasingly popular because it is inexpensive and effective in improving muscular strength and cardiovascular fitness. PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of five accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X, Nike Fuelband, Fitbit One, Fitbit Charge HR, and Jawbone UP Move) in estimating energy expenditure while performing an acute bout of HIFT. METHODS: Participants (n = 47) underwent baseline testing and at least 48 hours later, each participant completed the main test: a 15-minute workout consisting of 12 repetitions each of 7 different exercises; performed circuit-style by completing as many rounds as possible. During the main test, each participant wore the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic analyzer (PMA) and five different accelerometers. RESULTS: Four of the five fitness trackers reported lower (p <0.01) total caloric expenditure values compared to the PMA during the acute bout of HIFT. The waist-mounted device (ActiGraph, 182.55 ± 37.93 kcals) most closely mimicked caloric expenditure compared to the PMA (Cosmed, 144.99 ± 37.13 kcals) as indicated by an insignificant p value (0.056). Systematic differences between the activity monitors were calculated using an Intraclass Correlation (ICC) with an ICC = -0.032. The ICC of F (46,235) = 0.812 (p = 0.799) was not significant at the predetermined 0.05
alpha level. A Repeated Measures ANOVA showed that when compared to the Cosmed, all activity monitors were significantly different at the 0.05 alpha level. The Fitbit One and the Fitbit Charge HR were the only two activity monitors that are not significantly different from one another (p = 0.985). The range of error based on mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) was lowest for the ActiGraph (15.1%) and highest for the Fitbit Charge HR (22.1%). CONCLUSION: The wrist- and hip-mounted fitness trackers do not accurately assess energy expenditure during HIFT exercise. Supported by: WKU Graduate School, NIGMS 2P20 GM103436-14; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 5P20GM103436 and the WKU RCAP Grant 14-8007.
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Winn, Charles O. N. "Influence of high-intensity interval training in adolescents with asthma." Thesis, Swansea University, 2018. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa46062.
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Low levels of fitness are associated with increased body mass index (BMI), both of which are related to quality of life (QoL) and the occurrence and severity of asthma. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to co-develop and implement a six-month high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention targeting aerobic fitness, BMI and QoL improvements in adolescents with asthma. Six-hundred and sixteen adolescents (13.0±1.1years; 155 asthma; 85% mild asthma as defined by medication-step) participated in the study, with 223 enrolled in the school based HIIT intervention (50 asthma), consisting of 10-30second bouts at >90%age-predicted maximum heart-rate with equal rest, 3x30minutes/week. Formative group interviews to elicit the views of adolescents with and without asthma on asthma and exercise were used to inform the design of the intervention. Anthropometrics, aerobic fitness, lung function and QoL were measured at baseline, mid-point and post-intervention to evaluate the intervention’s impact; follow-up measures were also taken to evaluate sustainability. Focus groups revealed participants with asthma had a fear of asthma attack through exercise, although fear did not act as a barrier, and that the intervention should be varied to circumvent activity-specific anxieties. Participants with asthma were found to have higher BMI and lower physical activity in comparison to their peers, but no difference in cardiorespiratory fitness. The intervention elicited significant improvements in peak cardiorespiratory fitness, irrespective of asthma, while maintaining BMI which increased in the controls; no changes were observed in the sub-maximal exercise parameters, QoL or lung function. The present findings suggest that HIIT may be effective at increasing peak cardiorespiratory fitness and preventing increases in BMI in adolescents, irrespective of asthma status. Overall, the series of studies show that asthma does not deleteriously influence maximal and sub-maximal aerobic fitness, or trainability in adolescents, and that HIIT is a safe exercise modality for adolescents with asthma.
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Hornsby, William G., Jeremy A. Gentles, Jonathan A. Miller, and Michael H. Stone. "Volume Load and Training Intensity With and Without Exercise Displacement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3980.
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PURPOSE: Controlling and monitoring volume load (VL) and training intensity (TI) is essential to managing injuries, fatigue and the recovery-adaptation process in competitive athletes. Conventional calculations of VL (sets x reps x load) and TI (VL/reps) give no consideration to barbell displacement during resistance training exercises. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the inclusion of displacement in VL and TI calculations would provide substantial benefits over conventional calculations of VL and TI. METHODS: Eight trained weightlifters (5 male, 3 females, 173.6 cm and 88.6 kg), 7 of which were national level, participated in the study. For each subject, a V-scope 120 was used to measure the concentric phase displacement of 24 different exercises performed during the study. VL, TI, VL with displacement (VLwD) and TI with displacement (TIwD) were calculated on a daily basis (VLwD= VL x displacement, TIwD = VLwD/reps). Loads and repetition counts were recorded for each exercise performed over 21 weeks of training which allowed for the calculation of VL, VLwD, TI and TIwD across several training phases. RESULTS: VL correlated strongly to VLwD (r=0.98) while TI also correlated strongly with TIwD (r=0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that if exercise selection remains consistent, measuring VL and TI without displacement can illustrate workloads similar to measuring VL and TI while factoring in displacement.
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Boynton, Jason R. "The effects of environmental temperature on high-intensity interval training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2341.
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Endurance athletes typically spend the large majority of training (> 70%) at low intensities (i.e. below lactate threshold) coupled with short and intermittent bouts of high-intensity exercise or interval training (HIIT). Despite HIIT being a relatively small part of training in terms of duration, it has a substantial effect on the adaptations to endurance training. While it is well-established endurance exercise performance is affected in both hot and cold environmental conditions, the effect ambient temperature (TA; frequently referred to as environmental temperature) has on HIIT as performed by an endurance athlete population is not well understood. Therefore, the overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects TA has on HIIT in an endurance trained population. Specifically, this thesis aimed to increase the understanding of how TA acutely affects performance and physiological responses during high-intensity intervals (Study 1); how repeated exposure to TA manipulates physiological responses during high-intensity intervals (Study 2), and how TA affects performance outcomes of a HIIT intervention (Study 3).
In Study 1, eleven well-trained cyclists completed 4 interval sessions at 5°C, 13°C, 22°C, and 35°C (55 ± 13% RH) in a randomised order. Each session involved 5 x 4-minute intervals interspersed with 5 minutes of recovery. During the intervals, power output, core temperature (TC), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. It was hypothesized that the 13°C condition would have the highest mean power output compared to the other TA conditions. However, mean session power output for 13°C (366 ± 32 W) was not significantly different than 5°C (363 ± 32 W), 22°C (364 ± 36 W), or 35°C (352 ± 31 W). Power output was lower in the 5th interval of the 35°C condition, compared with all other TA. TC was higher in 22°C compared with both 5°C and 13°C (P= .001). VO2 was not different across TA. HR was higher in the 4th and 5th intervals of 35°C compared with 5°C and 13°C. It was concluded well-trained cyclists performing maximal high-intensity aerobic intervals can achieve near optimal power output over a broader range of TA than previous literature may indicate.
Study 1 indicated TA had acute effects on performance and physiological responses during high-intensity aerobic intervals, especially in terms of cardiovascular stress. However, whether acute cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity intervals change as a result of repeated TA exposures (i.e. during HIIT) was unknown. In Study 2, 20 trained cyclists and triathletes completed a 4-week (8 session) HIIT intervention in either cool (13°C) or hot (35°C) conditions. The HIIT intervention utilized the interval protocol from Study 1 and recorded cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory measures during the first (INT8) and last (INT8) sessions. It was observed that time spent at or near maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during HIIT was greater in 13°C (877 ± 297 seconds) than 35°C (421 ± 395 seconds), but did not change for either TA condition between INT1 and INT8. HR was not significantly different between 13°C (164 ± 9 bpm) and 35°C HIIT (164 ± 12 bpm). TC significantly decreased in 35°C HIIT between INT1 and INT8. These results potentially indicate the relationship between time spent at or near VO2max and cardiovascular strain during HIIT is influenced by TA. Additionally, HIIT performed intermittently (~2x per week) at 35°C resulted in demonstrated evidence for heat acclimation in endurance athletes.
Study 1 and Study 2 provided findings for performance, cardiorespiratory, and thermoregulatory responses during acute high-intensity interval sessions and after repeated exposure to TA. In particular, differences in time spent at or near VO2max between 13°C and 35°C HIIT, and changes in thermoregulatory responses over the course of a HIIT intervention both have the potential to affect endurance performance outcomes and coinciding physiological responses. In order to investigate this, Study 3 evaluated submaximal warm-ups and 20 km time-trials in temperate conditions (22°C) before (TT1) and after (TT2) the HIIT interventions from Study 2. Gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was measured during the warm-up (at 50% peak power output), whilst power output and HR were measured during the 20 km TT. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and body temperature (TB) were measured through the warm-up and time-trial. It was demonstrated that time-trial power output was increased after HIIT interventions in both the 13°C (3%; HIIT13) and 35°C (7%; HIIT35), yet no differences between groups for power output, HR, or RPE were noted. Within subject increases for HR and RPE during the 20 km time-trial were noted in HIIT13, but not in HIIT35. GME approached a significant decrease (P= .051) in HIIT13. A significant interaction in TB was observed between groups and TT1 and TT2 during both the 20 km time-trial and submaximal warm-up. These findings indicate that HIIT performed in hot and cool conditions result in similar temperate time-trial performance outcomes. However, changes in cardiorespiratory, thermoregulatory, and subjective responses during aerobic exercise after a HIIT intervention appear to be dependent on the TA HIIT is performed in.
The results of this thesis demonstrate TA acutely affects performance, and cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity intervals; repeated exposures to TA during HIIT can stimulate changes in thermoregulatory responses; and TA exposure during HIIT has limited effect on temperate endurance performance, yet affects coinciding cardiorespiratory, thermoregulatory, and subjective responses. These findings will assist coaches and athletes to make better informed decisions relating to HIIT prescription and acclimating endurance athletes to TA.
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Gentles, Jeremy A. "Analyses of Volume Load and Training Intensity in Competitive Weightlifters Across 5 Months of Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3982.
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McConell, Glenn Kevin. "The effect of reduced training volume and intensity in distance runners." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774748.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week reduction in training volume and intensity on performance of distance runners. Ten well-conditioned males underwent 4-weeks of base training (BT) at their accustomed training distance (71.8 ± 3.6 km/wk) and pace (76% of total distance above 70% V02 max intensity), before reducing training (RT) for an additional 4 weeks. Training volume was decreased by -.66% to 24.8 km/wk and frequency by 50% to 3 runs per week. Training intensity was reduced such that all running was at less than 70% V02 max (68.2 ± 1.6%). At the end of BT (week 0), and weeks 2 and 4 of RT, resting heart rate, calculated plasma volume, testosterone and cortisol levels, and submaximal treadmill efficiency were assessed. At weeks 0 and 4, V02 max and 5 kilometer race performance was determined. The ratio of testosterone to cortisol was increased significantly with RT (0.054 ± 0.008 at week 0 to 0.082 ± 0.020 at week 4), although the individual testosterone and cortisol concentrations were not significantly altered. Maximum oxygen consumption, and time to exhaustion during the max tests were not altered with RT. Body weight tended to increase (p=0.09) due to a significant increase in percent body fat (p<0.05). Submaximal treadmill runs at 65%, 85%, and 95% V02 max revealed no alterations in absolute V02 while relative V02 decreased significantly. This decrease in relative V02 was due partially to the weight increases and partially to a significant increase in respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Resting and submaximal treadmill heart rate (HR) were unchanged with FIT, while maximal treadmill HR and race HR were increased significantly. Calculated plasma volume was unaltered. Leg and overall ratings of perceived exertion were decreased during RT with the overall rating reaching significance (p<0.05). Blood lactic acid concentration was found to be significantly higher at the 95% V02 max workload following RT (8.39 ± 0.46 vs 9.89 ± 0.46 mmol/L at week 0 and 4, respectively). Five kilometer race time increased significantly from 16.6 ± 0.3 at week 0 to 16.8 ± 0.3 minutes at week 4 (12.1 seconds). It is concluded that a 4-week reduction in training volume and intensity in these runners resulted in a significant decrease in race performance despite the maintenance of aerobic capacity.School of Physical Education
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Emter, Craig Allen. "Low-intensity exercise training in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure rat." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3239394.
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Neal, Craig M. "Training intensity distribution, physiological adaptation and immune function in endurance athletes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9299.
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Exercise intensity and its distribution is probably the most important and most heavily debated variable of endurance training. Training induces adaptation but also induces stress responses. Controlling the training-intensity distribution may provide a mechanism for balancing these two effects. It has been reported that elite endurance athletes train with a high volume and load, relative to the sport. These athletes spend the vast majority (>80%) of training time at relatively low intensities (lower than the lactate threshold, zone one), and therefore <20% of training time above the lactate threshold (zones two and three). Experimental studies support the beneficial effects of a high training volume in zone one, and show detrimental effects of replacing zone one training with training in zone two. This is likely due to enhanced recovery from training in zone one compared with training in zone two. The acute recovery following training sessions in zones two and three has been reported to not be different, but the recovery following training in zone one has been reported to be faster. Improvements in physiological adaptation and endurance performance have been reported to be greater following training programmes with higher exercise intensities. Therefore, it has been suggested that a polarised training model, which includes ~80% of training in zone one with ~20% of training in zone three is more beneficial than a threshold training model, with the majority of training in zone two. However, research into an optimal training-intensity distribution is limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were to assess the effectiveness of training-intensity distribution on the improvements in physiological adaptation, endurance performance and assess if manipulating training-intensity distribution had an effect on immune function. Study one revealed that the lactate threshold, the lactate turnpoint and maximal performance measures in swimming, cycling and running, assessed using the methods outlined in the study, are reproducible in trained endurance athletes. These tests can therefore be used by trained endurance athletes as part of a physiological testing programme to assess not only endurance performance, but also to demarcate training intensity zones for exercise intensity prescription and monitor moderate to large adaptations to training. Practitioners should take care when deciding on the duration between tests to test for adaptations from training, as adaptations need to be greater than these detected test-retest variations to be considered physiologically meaningful. To the best of the author’s knowledge, study two was the first study to have assessed training-intensity distribution in a group of multisport athletes. Training was monitored over a 6-month period, and testing took place every two months to assess the effect of the training on physiological adaptation. Although speculative due to the number of variables involved, the results suggest that a greater proportion of training time spent in zone one and a lower proportion of training time spent in zone two is beneficial to physiological adaptation. However, given the number of variables associated with assessing the training-intensity distribution in multisport athletes, it is not easy to draw conclusions as to the effectiveness of the training in the different disciplines on the key measures of adaptation in the different disciplines. Study two highlighted the need for future research to focus on experimental manipulation of training-intensity distribution and thus improve our understanding of its impact on the training-induced adaptations in endurance athletes. Study three manipulated the training-intensity distribution in trained endurance athletes in just one discipline, to reduce the number of variables involved. A polarised training model was compared to a threshold training model on the effectiveness to improve physiological adaptation and endurance performance. Results revealed that a polarised training model is recommended for trained cyclists wishing to maximally improve performance and physiological adaptation over a short-term (six week) training period. The first part of study four assessed the effect of a polarised and a threshold training model on immune function markers in trained cyclists. Both endurance training programmes had similar volume, and were sufficient to induce improvements in performance and physiological adaptation. However, despite likely differences in recovery, both training programmes had no effect on the proportion of low or high differentiated or senescent CD8+ or CD4+ T-cells in blood. Therefore, training adaptation was achieved at no cost to this particular aspect of immune function. From these results and evidence from previous studies, it seems likely that athletes need to be overreached to induce any change in immune function following a period of intensified training. The second part of study four assessed the impact of an ironman triathlon race on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) antibody titres and the frequency of low and high differentiated and senescent blood T-cells in trained endurance athletes. Previous work has revealed that an ironman triathlon race increases the proportion of senescent CD4+ T cells and decreases the proportion of naive CD4+ T cells, and thus induces changes the immune space which could leave an individual at a greater risk of infection. This study however, did not find any changes in the proportions of these T cell subsets following an ironman triathlon race. The mean results of this study suggest that there is no relationship between EBV and VZV-specific antibody concentrations and the proportion of senescent, low and highly differientiated T cells. However, on analysis of individual subject data, it seems possible that subjects with a high antibody titre for EBV or VZV 3 wks before a competition might be more at risk of infection post race. A greater subject number would be needed in order to make a more conclusive statement about this relationship. The results of this thesis suggest that future research is required in the area of training-intensity distribution. Firstly, our understanding of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of a polarised training model in trained endurance athletes is limited, and thus studies should attempt to address this issue. Our current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying a blunted T cell response following strenous exercise is also limited. A change in the immune space to a greater proportion of senescent T cells and a lower proportion of naive T cells might contribute to this blunted response. In the current thesis however, the proportions of these T cell markers were unchanged following the training/racing interventions. It is possible that with a higher training load, there could be changes in these markers, and thus this is an exciting area that could have potential implications on athlete health. Finally, testing for antibody titres in endurance athletes is possibly an avenue to detect individuals at the greatest risk of infection if subjected to a large physical and/or mental stress. This could have implications on maintaining athlete health and therefore, allowing athletes to train consistently.
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Beale, Louisa. "High intensity intermittent exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2011. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bad848f5-5103-4ea0-ad97-7b382e403732.
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High intensity intermittent exercise may provide an alternative means of exercise training with greater health benefits than the lower exercise doses used in current practice, yet definitive guidelines for intermittent exercise are lacking. This thesis examines the methodology for intermittent exercise prescription, and assesses the efficacy of an intermittent exercise training intervention for chronic heart failure patients (CHF), thus providing a novel application in UK cardiac rehabilitation programmes.
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Depiazzi, Julie. "Aquatic high intensity interval training in non-athletes and disability populations." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85125.
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This thesis comprised two studies: a systematic review and a pilot randomised controlled trial. The review aimed to evaluate what is known regarding aquatic high intensity interval exercise training and its effect on aerobic capacity and body composition in populations that are not athletic. This knowledge was then used to develop, implement and evaluate the feasibility of this type of training for young people with cerebral palsy.
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Abbiss, Chris. "Regulation of exercise intensity in well-trained cyclists." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/178.
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It is known that exercise performance may be improved if athletes select the optimal regulation of pace during exercise. Despite this knowledge, the best possible strategies that may delay the development of fatigue and ensure optimal performance during a variety of exercise tasks are not yet known. Thus, the primary purpose of the six research studies contained within this doctoral thesis was to describe pacing strategies and improve our understanding of factors that influence the regulation of intensity during self-paced exercise.
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Stone, Michael H., Meg E. Stone, William A. Sands, Kyle C. Pierce, Robert U. Newton, G. Gregory Haff, and Jon Carlock. "Maximum Strength and Strength Training---A Relationship to Endurance?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4615.
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Endurance can be defined as the ability to maintain or to repeat a given force or power output. The sport performance-endurance relationship is a multi-factorial concept. However, evidence indicates that maximum strength is a major component. Conceptually, endurance is a continuum. The literature indicates that (a) maximum strength is moderately to strongly related to endurance capabilities and associated factors, a relationship that is likely stronger for high intensity exercise endurance (HIEE) activities than for low intensity exercise endurance (LIEE); (b) strength training can increase both HIEE and LIEE, the effect being greater for HIEE; (c) the volume of strength training plays a role in endurance adaptation; and (d) mechanical specificity and training program variables also play a role in the degree of adaptation..
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Yamagishi, Takaki. "Role of active and passive recovery in adaptations to high intensity training." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/623182d3-e7ba-49d2-a0ca-b8cccba0350a.
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It has been established that Wingate-based high-intensity training (HIT) consisting of 4 to 6 x 30-s all-out sprints interspersed with 4-min recovery is an effective training paradigm. Despite the increased utilisation of Wingate-based HIT to bring about training adaptations, the majority of previous studies have been conducted over a relatively short timeframe (2 to 6 weeks). However, activity during recovery period, intervention duration or sprint length have been overlooked. In study 1, the dose response of recovery intensity on performance during typical Wingate-based HIT (4 x 30-s cycle all-out sprints separated by 4-min recovery) was examined and active recovery (cycling at 20 to 40% of V̇O2peak) has been shown to improve sprint performance with successive sprints by 6 to 12% compared to passive recovery (remained still), while increasing aerobic contribution to sprint performance by ~15%. In the following study, 5 to 7% greater endurance performance adaptations were achieved with active recovery (40%V̇O2peak) following 2 weeks of Wingate-based HIT. In the final study, shorter sprint protocol (4 to 6 x 15-s sprints interspersed with 2 min of recovery) has been shown to be as effective as typical 30-s Wingate-based HIT in improving cardiorespiratory function and endurance performance over 9 weeks with the improvements in V̇O2peak being completed within 3 weeks, whereas exercise capacity (time to exhaustion) being increased throughout 9 weeks. In conclusion, the studies demonstrate that active recovery at 40% V̇O2peak significantly enhances endurance adaptations to HIT. Further, the duration of the sprint does not seem to be a driving factor in the magnitude of change with 15 sec sprints providing similar adaptations to 30 sec sprints. Taken together, this suggests that the arrangement of recovery mode should be considered to ensure maximal adaptation to HIT, and the practicality of the training would be enhanced via the reduction in sprint duration without diminishing overall training adaptations.
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Martinez, Nicholas. "Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Sedentary Individuals." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535545.
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Contemporary aerobic exercise guidelines comprised of continuous durations and higher intensities have been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of risk factors associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been examined as an advantageous protocol for producing more favorable physiological and psychological benefits in comparison to traditional continuous exercise guidelines. The dual-mode model, which examines the dose response relationship between exercise intensity and affective valence, would suggest that exercise performed well above the ventilatory threshold (VT) in the severe domain should result in negative affective valence.
Numerous investigations have confirmed the reliability of the dual-mode models ability to predict compromised affective valence in the presence of heavy to severe exercise intensities, but only a small amount of research has examined the efficacy of the dual-mode model during HIIT. However, no research to date has combined HIIT with the dual-mode model's efficacy to predict affective valence in target populations challenged by exercise adherence, such as overweight and sedentary individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the dual-mode model's reliability to predict affective valence for overweight and sedentary individuals performing HIIT.
A total of 14 participants (7 male, 7 female) with a mean age of 23 ± 4 (range = 18-33) and mean BMI of 29 ± 3 (range = 25-33) completed the study. Each participant completed a ramp maximal exercise test to determine VT and peak power data, which allowed for specific exercise intensities of delta (DT) to be prescribed for experimental trials. Participants were low to moderate risk. The four experimental conditions were all matched for total work: 1) continuous at 10% DT (Continuous-Heavy - CH), 2) 24 × 30-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 30 Second - IS30), 3) 12 × 60-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 60 Second - IS60), 4) 6 × 120-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 120 Second – IS120). The continuous exercise condition was 20 minutes in duration, whereas all interval exercise conditions were 24 minutes in duration.
Results indicated that in-task perceptual responses defined, as affective valence and perceived enjoyment were overall more favorable during IS30 and IS60 in comparison to CH and IS120. IS30 was the only experimental condition in which affective valence did not decline significantly (p > 0.05). Ratings of perceived enjoyment were greater at all measured time points during IS60 (p < 0.05) in comparison to CH. The findings of this study suggest that HIIT comprised of 30 and or 60 seconds help to facilitate more favorable perceptual responses of affective valence and perceived enjoyment than continuous exercise and intervals of longer than 60 seconds duration.
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Alyousif, Zakaria A. "The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Asthmatic Adult Males." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1403969461.
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Fisher, Gordon Pascoe David D. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in lymphocytes following high intensity interval training." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/2003.
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Hess, Jennifer A. "High intensity strength training to enhance balance control in frail older adults." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136416.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-143). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Carroll, Kevin M., Jake R. Bernards, Caleb D. Bazyler, Christopher B. Taber, Charles A. Stuart, Brad H. DeWeese, Kimitake Sato, and Michael H. Stone. "Divergent Performance Outcomes Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums or Relative Intensity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3773.
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Purpose: The purpose of our investigation was to compare repetition maximum (RM) to relative intensity using sets and repetitions (RISR) resistance training (RT) on measures of training load, vertical jump, and force production in well-trained lifters.
Methods: Fifteen well-trained (isometric peak force= 4403.61+664.69 N, mean+SD) males underwent RT 3 d·wk-1 for 10-weeks in either an RM group (n=8) or RISR group (n=7). Weeks 8-10 consisted of a tapering period for both groups. The RM group achieved a relative maximum each day while the RISRgroup trained based on percentages. Testing at five time-points included unweighted (
Results: Moderate between-group effect sizes were observed for all SJ and CMJ conditions supporting the RISR group (g=0.76-1.07). A small between-group effect size supported RISR for allometrically-scaled isometric peak force (g=0.20). Large and moderate between-group effect sizes supported RISR for rate of force development from 0-50ms (g=1.25) and 0-100ms (g=0.89). Weekly volume load displacement was not different between groups (p>0.05), however training strain was statistically greater in the RM group (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrated that RISR training yielded greater improvements in vertical jump, rate of force development, and maximal strength compared to RM training, which may partly be explained by differences in the imposed training stress and the use of failure/non-failure training in a well-trained population.
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Roffey, Darren M. "Exercise intensity, exercise training and energy metabolism in overweight and obese males." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17823/1/Darren_Roffey_Thesis.pdf.
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The primary objective of this PhD program was to investigate the impact of training at a constant-load moderate-intensity (FATmax) compared to work-matched high-intensity intervals (HIIT) on the metabolic, physiological and psychosocial health profiles of sedentary overweight and obese men. This study was unique in that it was the first time the effect of exercise intensity had been investigated to examine concurrently the components of whole-body energy metabolism and body composition as measured using gold standard techniques.
Based upon the positive alterations in blood lipids, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and substrate oxidation, it appears that training at FATmax can positively impact health parameters as well as, or if not better than, high-intensity training. Furthermore, there are ramifications for public health messages and obesity management strategies arising from these findings, primarily attributable to the increased exercise adherence and the reduction in health risks stemming from the significant loss of abdominal visceral adipose tissue after FATmax training.
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Roffey, Darren M. "Exercise intensity, exercise training and energy metabolism in overweight and obese males." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17823/.
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The primary objective of this PhD program was to investigate the impact of training at a constant-load moderate-intensity (FATmax) compared to work-matched high-intensity intervals (HIIT) on the metabolic, physiological and psychosocial health profiles of sedentary overweight and obese men. This study was unique in that it was the first time the effect of exercise intensity had been investigated to examine concurrently the components of whole-body energy metabolism and body composition as measured using gold standard techniques.
Based upon the positive alterations in blood lipids, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and substrate oxidation, it appears that training at FATmax can positively impact health parameters as well as, or if not better than, high-intensity training. Furthermore, there are ramifications for public health messages and obesity management strategies arising from these findings, primarily attributable to the increased exercise adherence and the reduction in health risks stemming from the significant loss of abdominal visceral adipose tissue after FATmax training.
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Pernick, Yael. "Moderate-to-high intensity aerobic interval training versus continuous aerobic training in real life, centre based, cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/moderatetohigh-intensity-aerobic-interval-training-versus-continuous-aerobic-training-in-real-life-centre-based-cardiac-rehabilitation(c1cdf0f7-e829-4dc1-b1a4-609deecb7034).html.
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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs usually consist of moderate intensity exercise sessions for the purpose of enhancing the physiological and psychosocial status of cardiac patients. It has been postulated that interval training is superior to the traditional continuous training in CR. Most of studies of interval training in cardiac patients have relatively small sample sizes, diverse training methodologies, and included heart failure patients. Furthermore, there have been relatively few comparisons of interval versus continuous exercise in a real life, center-based CR setting. This PhD thesis reports a single–site, randomized controlled trial of aerobic interval training in CR that was undertaken to address some of these concerns. Following 4 weeks of adjustment in the center, 84 coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either an interval exercise group (IE) or a continuous exercise group (CE). Functional capacity, clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Both groups exercised twice a week under supervision at the center. The CE group exercised continuously at a moderate intensity (50-60% VO2max), whereas the IE group performed 2 minutes of low intensity (40-60% VO2max) followed by 2 minutes of moderate-high intensity (60-85% VO2max) interchangeably. Both groups increased VO2 peak significantly after training; however, IE was no better than CE at eliciting an improvement. In contrast, IE did elicit a significantly greater improvement in maximal power measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), as well as significant reductions in several sub-maximal variables. Some cardiac related risk factors, such as waist circumference, HbA1c% and hs-CRP were reduced in the IE group alone; however some of these changes do not seem to be clinically important. Next, measurements were repeated at 9 months to determine whether or not any of the training induced changes persisted at 6 months follow-up. Peak VO2 remained significantly higher versus baseline within the IE group only. High sensitivity (hs)-CRP was increased in the former CE group, and HDL-C was improved in the former IE group from 3 to 9 months. Finally, a single-group analysis (i.e. regardless of training modality) was undertaken to identify the best predictors of improvement functional capacity in cardiac patients. It was found that the magnitude of change in peak VO2 is dependent upon 6 factors: baseline body fat percentage, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), baseline fitness level, maximal rate pressure product during CPET, baseline psychological state, and number of exercise sessions completed. These observations indicate that interval training in a real life CR setting does not necessarily elicit higher peak VO2, but that it may have some superiority over continuous training in relation to exercise tolerance and performing daily activities. Furthermore, favorable changes may be preserved for up to 6 months following interval training. Finally, several factors that influence the magnitude of improvement in functional capacity following exercise training in CR patients have been identified. Using these factors, CR professionals may be able to identify those cardiac patients for whom the chances of improving functional capacity is low. Furthermore, it may be possible to focus on some of these factors in order to improve the prognosis for patients undergoing CR.
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Metcalfe, Richard Sean. "The impact of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training on insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667740.
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Despite clear recommendations on the minimal amount of physical activity for achieving health benefits and reducing risk of chronic disease, the majority of people in the Western world remain sedentary. As a 'lack of time' has been identified as one of the main barriers to becoming and remaining physically active, in the past decade research has focused on high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a time-efficient alternative to aerobic exercise. Although initial studies convincingly demonstrated equal or better health benefits with various HIT protocols compared to much larger volumes of aerobic exercise, these HIT protocols tend to be very strenuous and as such are unlikely to be adhered to by sedentary populations. Furthermore, most HIT protocols are not as time-efficient as sometimes claimed, with the total time per exercise session generally exceeding 20-30 minutes. This thesis aimed to characterise the effects of a novel reduced-exertion HIT (ReHIT) protocol, requiring a maximum of 2 x 20 s all-out sprint efforts in a 10 min training session, upon insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, glycogen utilisation and associated acute metabolic responses. The ReHIT exercise bouts were well tolerated by participants, but were associated with a substantial disturbance of physiological homeostasis including muscle glycogen degradation, lactate accumulation, excursions in plasma volume, post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate, as well as a skeletal muscle signalling response through AMPK, and increases in skeletal muscle GLUT4 and PGC1α mRNA expression (Chapter 4 and 5). The combined training studies (n=49) provide some support for improvements in key disease biomarkers following ReHIT, with improvements in insulin sensitivity observed in men, and increased aerobic capacity observed in men and women (Chapter 7). These observations highlight a potential regulatory role for glycogen in exercise-induced adaptation. However, the mean improvements in insulin sensitivity in men were not consistent between the two training studies (Chapter 2 and 6), and there was a high level of variability observed between individuals (Chapter 6 and 7). Therefore, the impact of ReHIT on insulin sensitivity needs to be further explored in the context of a randomised controlled trial, and the mechanisms underpinning the large variability in adaptive response need to be characterised.
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Markinhuhta, Annelie. "Förbättrar intensiv träning prestationen hos motionärer?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1298.
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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka huruvida en stor andel av intensiva grenspecifika pass utvecklade den aeroba kapaciteten hos motionärer som tränar inför Vasaloppet. Två testmetoder användes; ett maximalt laktattest på rullskidor utomhus och ett maximalt cykeltest på en cykelergometer inomhus. En utav fp genomförde ett tidstest på rullskidor på en given sträcka istället för laktattestet. Båda testerna genomfördes före och efter en 11-veckors träningsperiod som bestod av 41 procent medel- och högintensiva pass som genomfördes grenspecifikt. Det betyder intervaller på rullskidor eller i skidgång samt snabbdistanspass på rullskidor. Övriga 59 procent av träningspassen genomfördes på en lågintensiv nivå, vilket är mindre än de 70-80 procent som normalt förespråkas för en uthållighetsidrottare. 4 försökspersoner (fp) på motionsnivå deltog (4 män och 1 kvinna). Fp 3 förbättrade prestationen markant med 20 procent genom en minskning av blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid givna hjärtfrekvenser (HR), sålunda en förbättring av dels den aeroba laktattröskeln (LT) som den anaeroba laktattröskeln (AT). Fp 4 förbättrade prestationen med 15 procent genom att åka den givna sträckan under tidstestet på en snabbare tid vid andra tillfället. Fp 2 avverkade en 500m längre sträcka under andra rullskidtestet och förbättrade på så sätt sin prestation med 10 procent, fp fick dock en försämring av AT och hade högre blodlaktatkoncentrationer vid andra testtillfället. Fp 1 förbättrade LT men försämrade AT. Sammanfattningsvis, visar studien att ett 11-veckors träningsprogram bestående av mycket grenspecifik träning på högre intensiteter ledde till en klar prestationsförbättring hos två av fp, gällande alla parametrar som testades. De övriga två fp uppvisade vissa förbättringar men högre laktatkoncentrationer vid några mättillfällen.
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Sarmento, JÃlia Peredo. "The crazy rasaboxes: production intensity in the actor's work." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14267.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorRasaboxes is a playful dynamic of physical training for actors / performers practiced on a tray, on other words, on a square drawn on the floor, divided in nine boxes. This boxes are named with nine rasas, or flavors, in sanskrit. The player must try each rasa, putting it bodily in the space. The player must change immediately his body state whenever changes the box. The rasas are: bibhasta/disgust, sringara/love, bhayanaka/fear, hasya /laugh, adbhuta/surprise, vira/courage, karuna/sadness, raudra/anger and shanta/peace. Based on the derridian notion of getting the subjetil crazy, there was a practical investigation where the words that constitute the Rasaboxes's tray were deployed in synonymous and gradations, creating other eight trays that invite to exercise the production of affections on / for the body. This work pretends to discuss the results of this research through three decisive instances of the Rasaboxes - the space, the words and the body. Notions as the Neutral , the sensation and the vibrating body dialogue with this study to think intensively the actor labor nowadays.
O Rasaboxes à uma dinÃmica lÃdica de treinamento fÃsico para atores/performers praticada num tabuleiro, ou seja, num quadrado riscado no chÃo, dividido em nove boxes, nomeados com nove rasas, ou sabores, em sÃnscrito. O jogador deve experimentar cada rasa, colocando-a corporalmente no espaÃo. Sempre que mudar de box, o jogador deve mudar imediatamente seu estado corporal. As rasas sÃo: Bibhasta-nojo, Sringara-amor, Bhayanaka-medo, Hasya-riso, Adbhuta-surpresa, Vira-coragem, Karuna-tristeza, Raudra-raiva e Shanta-paz. A partir da noÃÃo derridiana de enlouquecimento do subjÃtil, fez-se uma investigaÃÃo prÃtica onde as palavras que compÃem o tabuleiro foram desdobradas em seus sinÃnimos e gradaÃÃes, criando outros oito tabuleiros que convidam a exercitar a construÃÃo de afetos no/pelo corpo. Essa dissertaÃÃo pretende discutir os resultados advindos dessa investigaÃÃo a partir de trÃs instÃncias decisivas do Rasaboxes - o espaÃo, as palavras e o corpo. NoÃÃes como o Neutro, a sensaÃÃo e o corpo vibrÃtil dialogam com essa pesquisa para pensar intensivamente o trabalho do ator na contemporaneidade.
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Francois, Monique Emily. "Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits of high-intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62164.
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Rogers, Timothy James. "The effect of high intensity running training on work capacity in football (soccer)." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2010. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/bd02c6441196c3ec0d68de2d9632c927665296f092e80f8b9129f1413b412e8c/1130939/02whole.pdf.
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Rationale: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been used by elite athletes for decades however, it is a relatively under researched training methodology in a team sport setting. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high intensity interval training protocol on aerobic power and physical performance in competitive matches. Intervention: Twenty-five (25) players were recruited from a national Under 20 men's football (soccer) program. Players were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups; - A high intensity interval training intervention group - A control group The intervention group completed a 10 minute interval training session, three times a week comprised of two sets of eight bouts of 15 second shuttles at approximately 120% of maximum aerobic speed, for a four week period. The control group performed a juggling exercise that was matched for time with the intervention group. Participants were not blinded to the intervention. Pre and post intervention testing involved physiological field testing including the Multi-stage Shuttle Test (MSST), vertical jump and 20 m sprint time. In addition, pre and post intervention match analysis data were derived from GPS devices. Three games were analysed pre and post intervention. Changes between the intervention and control groups, across the entire group from pre to post were analysed. Results: Results showed a significant improvement in the intervention group over the control group for aerobic power (p=0.0089), but no significant changes in vertical jump (p=0.3823) and 20 metre sprint time (p=0.0682). Match analyses from GPS data showed no differences between the groups for total distance, average distance covered per minute (meterage) and high intensity running variables. However, match analysis data when grouped for the all participants showed significant improvements in 1st III half meterage (p=0.0001), 2nd half meterage (p=0.001), 1st half versus 2nd half differences (p=0.001), 1st 15 minutes versus last 15 minutes meterage (p=0.026), high intensity running distance (p=0.001) and total high intensity running efforts (p=0.026) following comparisons of pre to post intervention data. Conclusion: Overall the study showed high intensity interval training based on a percentage of maximum aerobic speed during the season provided an effective means of improving aerobic power without negatively impacting on anaerobic performance. However, the absence of a significant transfer to match performance when compared with a control group may be due to multiple factors in elite junior development squads. The match data may also indicate that playing at a higher level than previously experienced may have had a positive effect on match performance for all participants. Transferring quantifiable training outcomes into match performances remains a challenge in team sports.
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Carroll, Kevin M., Caleb D. Bazyler, Jake R. Bernards, Christopher B. Taber, Charles A. Stuart, Brad H. DeWeese, Kimitake Sato, and Michael H. Stone. "Skeletal Muscle Fiber Adaptations Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums or Relative Intensity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5786.
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The purpose of the study was to compare the physiological responses of skeletal muscle to a resistance training (RT) program using repetition maximum (RM) or relative intensity (RISR). Fifteen well-trained males underwent RT 3 d·wk−1 for 10 weeks in either an RM group (n = 8) or RISR group (n = 7). The RM group achieved a relative maximum each day, while the RISR group trained based on percentages. The RM group exercised until muscular failure on each exercise, while the RISR group did not reach muscular failure throughout the intervention. Percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained pre-post the training intervention, along with ultrasonography measures. Dependent variables were: Fiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA); anatomical CSA (ACSA); muscle thickness (MT); mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK); and myosin heavy chains (MHC) specific for type I (MHC1), type IIA (MHC2A), and type IIX (MHC2X). Mixed-design analysis of variance and effect size using Hedge’s g were used to assess within- and between-group alterations. RISR statistically increased type I CSA (p = 0.018, g = 0.56), type II CSA (p = 0.012, g = 0.81), ACSA (p = 0.002, g = 0.53), and MT (p < 0.001, g = 1.47). RISR also yielded a significant mTOR reduction (p = 0.031, g = −1.40). Conversely, RM statistically increased only MT (p = 0.003, g = 0.80). Between-group effect sizes supported RISR for type I CSA (g = 0.48), type II CSA (g = 0.50), ACSA (g = 1.03), MT (g = 0.72), MHC2X (g = 0.31), MHC2A (g = 0.87), and MHC1 (g = 0.59); with all other effects being of trivial magnitude (g < 0.20). Our results demonstrated greater adaptations in fiber size, whole-muscle size, and several key contractile proteins when using RISR compared to RM loading paradigms.
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Sugiura, Shinichiro. "Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430487607.
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Manselin, Tom, and Olof Södergård. "Six weeks of high intensity interval training with hyperoxia or normoxia in trained cyclists : A polarized and periodized training approach." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4262.
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Aim The main aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effects on cycling performance using a polarized and periodized scheme that was highly supervised and controlled. The second aim was to investigate the effect of using Hyperoxia. The questions used to address the aim were: (1) How does overall performance change after a six-week training intervention? (2) What is the time-course and pattern of performance changes to the training scheme? (3) How does the performance change within the groups? Method Nineteen male and female cyclists started the study (13 male and 6 female), however only 12 completed it (8 male and 4 female). The characteristics for the 12 subjects were: age (year) 33.6 ± 6.8, height (cm) 177 ± 9.1, body mass (kg) 73.4 ± 8.8. Using a randomized, double blind design, the test subjects were divided in to hyperoxia (HOT) (n = 6) and normoxia (NOT) (n = 6) training groups. Over a six week period the subjects followed a controlled polarized periodization that included 15 high intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions (3 x 8 min, 3 x 8 + 4 min, 4 x 8 min & 4 x 4 min) on maximal sustainable intensity (isoeffort) on a cycle ergometer. The dosage of oxygen was administered intermittently by the oxelerate device. A 20 min all out test was performed as pre- and post test. Results The whole group (n = 12) increased mean power output (W) by 6.4 % (P = 0.002). The relative power output (W/kg) increased significantly 8.2 % (P = 0.0011). The HOT group (n = 6) increased their power output by 8.3 % (P = 0.028) and their relative power output increased by 9.4 % (P=0.011). The whole group (P = 12) significantly increased their VO2mean by 4.1 % (P = 0.03) and in the relative value by 5.4 % (P = 0.01) on the 20 min all out test. The whole group also had a significant increase in VO2peak of 3.7 % (P = 0.04). A very strong correlation could be found between the training data and the performance test. Conclusions The training intervention was favourable for increasing performance and VO2peak in cycling. Usage of hyperoxia during the training intervention increases the performance.Syfte och frågeställningar Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka de longitudinella effekter på prestation i cykling med hjälp av ett polariserat och periodiserat träningsupplägg som var väl övervakat och kontrollerat. Det andra syftet var att undersöka effekten av att använda hyperoxi. De frågeställningar som hjälpte att besvara syftet var: (1) Hur förändras prestationen efter en sex veckors träningsintervention? (2) Hur anpassar sig försökspersonerna till träningsschemat över tid? (3) Hur förändras prestationen inom grupperna? Metod 19 manliga och kvinnliga cyklister deltog i studien (13 manliga och 6 kvinnliga), 12 fullföljde hela studien (8 manliga och 4 kvinnliga). Karaktäristiken för de 12 försökspersonerna var: ålder (år) 33.6 ± 6.8, längd (cm) 177 ± 9.1, vikt (kg) 73.4 ± 8.8. Försökspersonerna delades in i hyperoxi (HOT) (n = 6) och normoxi (NOT) (n = 6), studien var dubbelblind. Under sex veckor följde försökspersonerna en kontrollerad polariserad periodisering som inkluderade 15 högintensiva intervallträningspass (HIIT) (3 x 8 min, 3 x 8 + 4 min, 4 x 8 min & 4 x 4 min) på högsta genomförbara intensitet (isoeffort) på cykelergometer. Doseringen av syre administrerades intermittent genom Oxelerate-enheten. Ett 20 min all-out test utfördes som för- och eftertest. Resultat Hela gruppen (n = 12) ökade signifikant på prestationstestet (W) med 6.4 % (P = 0.002). Den relativa effekten (W/kg) ökade signifikant med 8.2% (P = 0.0011). HOT (n = 6) ökade signifikant på prestationstestet med 8.3% (P = 0.028) och den relativa effekten ökade med 9.4% (P = 0.011). Hela gruppen (n = 12) ökade signifikant i VO2medel under prestationstestet med 4.1 % (P = 0.03) och i det relativa värdet med 5.4 % (P = 0.01). Hela gruppen hade också en signifikant ökning av VO2peak med 3.7 % (P = 0.04). En mycket stark korrelation hittades mellan träningspassdata och prestationstestet. Slutsats Träningsupplägget är gynnsamt för ökning av prestation och VO2peak i cykling. Användning av hyperoxi under träningsupplägget ökar prestationen.
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Faries, Mark Lutz Rafer S. Greenwood Mike Frisch Michael B. "Self-selected intensity, repetitions, RPE and adherence of novice female weight lifters during 6-weeks of resistance training." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4891.
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Laursen, Paul B. "The influence of high-intensity interval training on endurance performance in well trained cyclists /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17646.pdf.
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Jenkins, James E. "Influence of high intensity interval training on pregnancy outcomes and muscle adaptation in rats /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596807822376.
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Ouyang, An. "CHRONIC LOW INTENSITY CONTINUOUS AND INTERVAL TRAINING PREVENT HEART FAILURE-RELATED CORONARY ARTERY STIFFNESS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/60.
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Heart failure (HF) induced by aortic pressure over-load is associated with increased coronary artery stiffness. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) both promote arterial stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which coronary PVAT promotes arterial stiffness and the efficacy of exercise to prevent coronary stiffness are unknown. The present study hypothesized both chronic continuous and interval exercise training would prevent coronary artery stiffness associated with inhibition of PVAT secreted AGE. Yucatan mininature swine were divided into four groups: control-sedentary (CON), aortic-banded sedentary heart failure (HF), aortic-banded HF continuous exercise trained (HF+CONT), and aortic-banded HF interval exercise trained (HF+IT). Coronary artery stiffness was assessed by ex vivo mechanical testing and coronary artery elastin, collagen and AGE-related proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry. HF promoted coronary artery stiffness with reduced elastin content and greater AGE accumulation which was prevented by chronic continuous and interval exercise training. HF PVAT secreted higher AGE compared with CON and was prevented in the HF+CONT and HF+IT groups. Young healthy mouse aortas cultured in HF PVAT conditioned media had increased stiffness, lower elastin content and AGE accumulation compared with CON, which was prevented by PVAT from the HF+CONT and HF+IT groups. HF coronary PVAT secreted greater interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 compared to CON which was prevented by both continuous and interval exercise training regimens. We conclude chronic continuous and interval exercise is a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent coronary artery stiffness via inhibition of PVAT-derived AGE secretion in a pre-clinical mini-swine model of pressure overload-induced HF.
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Pugh, Jamie K. "Physiological responses to concurrent resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training : implications for muscle hypertrophy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25092.
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CHENG, CHENG-HUNG, and 鄭政鴻. "Exercise Intensity Analysis of High-Intensity Interval Training." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pbjv27.
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碩士長榮大學
運動競技學系(所)
106
This study explores changes in exercise intensity at different points in time in the HIIT training process. Twelve university-level male rugby athletes were subjects who underwent high-intensity interval training, with full-strength sprint run as the exercise model, with 15 seconds of exercise and 30 seconds of rest, with 8 cycles. Throughout the process, they wore the POLAR watch to record their heart rate, and RPE was recorded at each rest time. In addition, blood was taken to detect blood lactic acid during the rest times of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth cycles and at three, five, ten, fifteen, and thirty minutes after training. Descriptive statistics and dependent sample one-way ANOVA was used to test the blood lactic acid, %HRR, and RPE values derived at different points in time during high-intensity interval training; the level of significance was α = .05. Study results showed that during training, minimum blood lactic acid was 4.19 ± 0.66 mmol/L, maximum blood lactic acid was 7.74 ± 0.94 mmol/L (eighth trip, p <.05), while the mean value was 6.14 ± 1.48 mmol/L. After training, minimum blood lactic acid was 4.36 ± 1.51 mmol/L, maximum blood lactic acid was 8.29 ± 0.90 mmol/L (seventh trip, p <.05), while the mean value was 6.84 ± 1.53 mmol/L. Minimum heart rate was 123.08 ± 10.71 beats, maximum heart rate was 162.17 ± 10.39 beats, mean value was 150.99 ± 13.30 beats. Minimum %HRR was 47.52 ± 6.93%HRR, maximum %HRR was 74.83 ± 6.96%HRR (seventh trip, p <.05), while the mean value was 66.99 ± 9.29%HRR. Minimum RPE was 12.83 ± 0.83, maximum RPE was 17.08 ± 0.51 (eighth trip, p <.05), and the mean value was 15.24 ± 1.41. 1. Conclusion: High intensity interval training can stimulate the runner's energy system effectively. Through short-term, high-intensity exercise stimulation, the aerobic exercise capacity of runners should be effectively improved without consuming a large amount of training time. The result of this study found that the HIIT with eighth trips training will more in line with metabolism needs of the game. Conclusion: 1. Results of this study proved that in the process of HIIT, blood lactic acid continued to be produced, reaching the effects of high-intensity training. It also satisfies the competition intensity needs similar to the sporting model and should be considered an effective training model. 2. Results of this study proved that in the process of HIIT, with continuously elevating heart rate and %HRR, reaching peak value at the seventh trip, and the runner reached the plateau stage in the sixth trip. Response to high-intensity training was demonstrated in terms of both heart rate and %HRR results, which also meet the needs of actual competitions. 3. Results of this study proved that in the process of HIIT, RPE continues to increase, reaching the peak value at the eighth trip, and the RPE response was slightly higher than the actual response in heart rate; this may have been caused by repetitive stimulus of high-intensity training. To meet the demand of energy metabolism in contest, it is recommended to have the training arranged till the eighth trip at least. We suggested that the further study in HIIT can focus on the effect of different rates of exercise recovery time and different sets.
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Lee, Mien-Mien, and 李綿綿. "Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Canoe Training." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08516086442011683432.
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碩士國立體育大學
教練研究所
97
Purpose: To compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and moderate-intensity continued training (MCT) by canoe ergometer on aerobic capacity and exercise performance in canoeists. Methods: Twenty-four national canoeists (age: 18.4 ± 1.9 yrs, height: 172.4 ± 7.7 cm, weight: 70.3 ± 9.8 kg) participated to this study. All subjects completed the graded exercise test (GXT) on canoe ergometer to measure the VO2peak, anaerobic threshold (AT), heart rate (HR) and the time of exhaustion on pre-, mid- and posttraining. Pre- and posttraining, time trial of 1000 m, 500 m and 200 m on canoe ergometer were performed. Subjects were divided into three groups of high-intensity training (HIT) group, moderate-intensity continued training (MCT) group and traditional training (TDT) group according to the performance of 1000 m time trial. The training program proceed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. HIT group included 7 repeated of 2-min intervals training at power of 90% VO2peak and separated by 1 minute rest. MCT group performed continuous training at power of 65% VO2peak for 20 min. TDT group performed a traditional endurance training in low-intensity for 90 min. One-way ANOVA with repeated-measures were used to compare the VO2peak, AT and HR at pre-, mid- and posttraining within groups. Paired t – test were used to compared the performance of 1000 m, 500 m and 200 m at pre- and posttraining. All variables at mid - and posttraining among groups were compared by ANCOVA with covariate of variables at pretraining. Result: The VO2peak in HIT and MCT groups significantly increased after 2 weeks training (p<0.05). AT in MCT group significant higher than in TDT group, after 4 weeks training, HR in MCT group significant lower than HIT and TDT groups (p<0.05) at the intensity of 75 W in GXT. The performance of 1000 m significant improvement in three groups, time trial of 500 m had significant improved in MCT and TDT groups. However, performance of 200 m improved only in HIT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continued training by canoe ergometer results in greater efficiency and improvement than traditional training. Moderate-intensity continued training had a better improvement in aerobic capacity and performance of 1000 m and 500 m. However, high-intensity interval training is a better way for improve the performance of 200 m on canoe.
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Fyfe, Jackson. "Adaptation to Concurrent Training: Role of Endurance Training Intensity." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32399/.
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The simultaneous integration of both endurance and resistance exercise (RE) into a periodised training regime is termed concurrent training. As both exercise modes promote adaptations at both whole-body and skeletal muscle levels that improve oxidative as well as functional capacity, concurrent training is an attractive exercise strategy for improving markers of cardiometabolic health and athletic performance. Since the classic work of Hickson (1980), numerous investigations have shown that concurrent training, relative to resistance training (RT) performed alone, can attenuate improvements in maximal strength, hypertrophy, and indices of power development, with no negative impact on V̇O2max. This has been variously described as the interference effect or concurrent training effect. Despite the majority of the literature supporting the existence of the interference effect, some studies have not observed any evidence of an interference effect, or rather that some adaptations may be more susceptible to interference than others. The equivocal nature of this phenomenon suggests variations in the prescription of individual training variables may modulate the degree of interference seen with concurrent training. Identification of training variables mediating the interference effect will therefore allow for targeted exercise prescription to minimise interference during concurrent training.
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Lin, Kuan Yu, and 林冠妤. "The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Mitochondrial Function of Natural Killer Cell." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107CGU05595013%22.&searchmode=basic.
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Esfandiari, Sam. "Short-term High-intensity Interval Training and Continuous Moderate-intensity Training Improve Peak Aerobic Capacity and Diastolic Filling during Exercise." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33406.
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This study examined the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on left ventricular (LV) function in young, healthy men. Sixteen untrained men were randomly assigned to HIT (8-12 X 60:75 seconds cycling at 95-100%:10% V˙O2peak) and CMT (90-120 minutes cycling at 65% V˙O2peak) and assessed before and after six sessions of training. LV function was determined at rest and during submaximal exercise using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. HIT and CMT improved V˙O2peak and induced plasma volume expansion to a similar magnitude. Although resting LV function did not change, increased exercise stroke volume and cardiac output was observed, secondary to increases in end-diastolic volume. Numerous ECHO-derived indices of diastolic performance were similarly enhanced during exercise in both groups. Short-term HIT and CMT elicit rapid increases in V˙O2peak and LV filling without global changes in systolic performance or cardiac morphology at rest.