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Journal articles on the topic 'Intensification'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Lazutin, L. L., R. Rasinkangas, T. V. Kozelova, A. Korth, H. Singer, G. Reeves, W. Riedler, K. Torkar, and B. B. Gvozdevsky. "Observations of substorm fine structure." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 7 (July 31, 1998): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0775-5.

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Abstract. Particle and magnetic field measurements on the CRRES satellite were used, together with geosynchronous satellites and ground-based observations, to investigate the fine structure of a magnetospheric substorm on February 9, 1991. Using the variations in the electron fluxes, the substorm activity was divided into several intensifications lasting about 3–15 minutes each. The two main features of the data were: (1) the intensifications showed internal fine structure in the time scale of about 2 minutes or less. We call these shorter periods activations. Energetic electrons and protons at the closest geosynchronous spacecraft (1990 095) were found to have comparable activation structure. (2) The energetic (>69 keV) proton injections were delayed with respect to electron injections, and actually coincided in time with the end of the intensifications and partial returns to locally more stretched field line configuration. We propose that the energetic protons could be able to control the dynamics of the system locally be quenching the ongoing intensification and possibly preparing the final large-scale poleward movement of the activity. It was also shown that these protons originated from the same intensification as the preceeding electrons. Therefore, the substorm instability responsible for the intensifications could introduce a negative feedback loop into the system, creating the observed fine structure with the intensification time scales.Key words. Magnetospheric Physics (Storms and substorms).

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2

Ivantsova, Oksana, and Svitlana Tarasenko. "FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING INTENSIFICATION." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 4(72) (December 27, 2018): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2018-4(72)-113-116.

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3

Turner, Roger. "'Sustainable Intensification'." Outlooks on Pest Management 22, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/22oct01.

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4

Gaynullina, L. R., and V. P. Tutubalina. "Mixing intensification." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 288 (July 25, 2019): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/288/1/012086.

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5

Etchells, J. C. "Process Intensification." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 83, no. 2 (March 2005): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/psep.04241.

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6

Wehmeijer, Jeroen, and Bert van Geest. "Image intensification." Nature Photonics 4, no. 3 (March 2010): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2010.21.

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7

Masi, Gianluca, and Alfredo Falcone. "Chemotherapy intensification." Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 3, no. 3 (July 2007): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11888-007-0019-1.

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8

Keil, Frerich J. "Process intensification." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 135–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0085.

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Abstract Process intensification (PI) is a rapidly growing field of research and industrial development that has already created many innovations in chemical process industry. PI is directed toward substantially smaller, cleaner, more energy-efficient technology. Furthermore, PI aims at safer and sustainable technological developments. Its tools are reduction of the number of devices (integration of several functionalities in one apparatus), improving heat and mass transfer by advanced mixing technologies and shorter diffusion pathways, miniaturization, novel energy techniques, new separation approaches, integrated optimization and control strategies. This review discusses many of the recent developments in PI. Starting from fundamental definitions, microfluidic technology, mixing, modern distillation techniques, membrane separation, continuous chromatography, and application of gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields will be described.

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9

Trippa, G., and R. J. J. Jachuck. "Process Intensification." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 81, no. 7 (August 2003): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387603322302940.

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10

Ranade, Vivek V. "Process Intensification." Indian Chemical Engineer 57, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2015): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2015.1068506.

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11

Stankiewicz, Andrzej, and Jacob A. Moulijn. "Process Intensification." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41, no. 8 (April 2002): 1920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie011025p.

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12

Glaser, John A. "Process intensification." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 14, no. 2 (February 22, 2012): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-012-0466-5.

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13

Brookfield, Harold. "Intensification intensified." Archaeology in Oceania 21, no. 3 (October 1986): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00148.x.

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14

Tang, Zhigang, Zhimin He, Hongwei Li, Dong Guo, and Zhijun Zhao. "Process Intensification in Tiopronin Extraction." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 7, no. 6 (December 2016): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2016.7.6.620.

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15

Střeleček, F., and P. Kollar. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of intensification costs." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 9 (March 1, 2012): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5344-agricecon.

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The article concerns an evaluation of intensification costs in an agricultural enterprise. Intensification cost dynamics are evaluated in comparison with the in-kind production volume. Using unit cost, unit intensification cost, unit non-intensification cost, unit intensification differential cost, and unit differential cost as indicators, the effectiveness of intensification costs is assessed. The effectiveness is expressed through absolute and relative changes in costs and in the economic results. The said changes include production expansion effect, relative change in costs and economic results due to unit intensification cost, relative change in cost and economic results due to unit non-intensification cost, and relative change in costs and economic results due to unit cost. The individual changes are arranged into a pyramid and, after the supplementation of the change in average market price, they can be used for comprehensive appraisal. The evaluation of the dynamics of individual indicators and interrelations thereof provides an integrated view of the subject in question. As the individual alternatives are rather extensive, only the growing and constant effectiveness of intensification costs are evaluated within the article. The decreasing effectiveness of intensification costs will be discussed in a separate study.

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16

Ivashchuk, Oleksandr. "Catalytic intensification of the cyclohexane oxidation." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.04.430.

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17

Jones, Christopher. "Landscapes of Intensification." Journal of Transport History 35, no. 2 (December 2014): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.35.2.8.

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18

Serra, Sylvie. "Intensification ou déclin ?" Économie rurale 171, no. 1 (1986): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoru.1986.3733.

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19

Ewing, Suzanne. "Intensification and Intimacy." Architectural Theory Review 14, no. 2 (August 2009): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13264820903049208.

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20

Wu, Jie, L. J. Graham, and N. Noui-Mehidi. "Intensification of Mixing." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 40, no. 11 (2007): 890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.06we254.

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21

Montesinos, Daniel. "Forest Ecological Intensification." Trends in Plant Science 24, no. 6 (June 2019): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.009.

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22

ROUHI, A. MAUREEN. "INTENSIFICATION TO ACCELERATE." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 80, no. 9 (March 4, 2002): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n009.p036.

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23

Baczyk, M., K. Ziemnicka, J. Sowixnski, and R. Junik. "Iodine prophylaxis intensification." Nuklearmedizin 44, no. 05 (2005): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625205.

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Summary:Poland, a country with mild/moderate iodine deficiency introduced an obligatory iodination salt system in 1996. Aim: To compare the results of radioiodine (131I) uptake after 5 h and 24 h with the activity of radioiodine used in the treatment of hyperthyroid patients with Graves’ disease in the years 1995 and 2003. Patients, methods: The marker of iodine content in the diet was urinary iodine excretion. 1000 randomly chosen patients (average age: 46 ± 12 years) were included in the study. Every patient had routinely estimated radioiodine uptake after 5 h and 24 h and the activity of 131I was calculated using scintigraphy and ultrasonography of the thyroid gland. Urinary iodine excretion in samples from year 1995 and 2003 was also determined in some patients and healthy volunteers. Results: The iodine load in the diet increased from 66 μg (average) in the year 1995 to 115 μg in the year 2003. Thyroid radioiodine uptake was 40% lower in comparison with the results from 1995. The average activity of 131I given in the year 2003 (10 mCi) was about 40% higher than in the year 1995 (7 mCi). Conclusion: There was significant negative correlation between higher iodine content in the diet and lower values of radioiodine uptake, which led to the application of the higher activity of 131I during treatment.

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24

Baldea, Michael, and Thomas F. Edgar. "Dynamic process intensification." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 22 (December 2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2018.08.003.

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25

Demirel, Salih Emre, Jianping Li, and MM Faruque Hasan. "Systematic process intensification." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 25 (September 2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2018.12.001.

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26

Bylinina, Lisa, and Yasutada Sudo. "Varieties of intensification." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 33, no. 3 (May 13, 2015): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-015-9291-y.

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27

FINYK, Iryna. "IMETHODS OF INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGE IN BIOGAS REACTORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 309, no. 3 (May 26, 2022): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-309-3-254-259.

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Proposed research method intensification of heat exchange in biogas reactions using alternative energy sources. The distribution of active and passive methods of heat exchange intensification is determined. The three most effective methods of heat exchange intensification are identified: the method of flow turbulence in the adjacent areas, based on purposeful artificial creation of small dry wall zones, which is the source of additional flow turbulence; the method of flow winding inside the twisted oval tubes and at longitudinal and transverse winding of tightly packed beams and tubes; the method of controlled break-out of the boundary layer at transverse tubulars by creating turboblicators on them. It is determined that in practice the most effective is the use of combined methods of intensification. The important conditions for choosing the method of heat exchange intensification are: the amount of permissible energy costs for heat exchange intensification and the type of energy available for this energy; the task of heat exchange intensification in a particular class of equipment; the technological capacity of equipment with heat exchange intensification, availability at purchase and durability in operation of equipment; the nature of distribution, structure of thermal flows and temperature fields, in which there is a need for intensification of heat exchange. The main indicator of intensification of the heat exchange process in the equipment is found – the efficiency of the process, that is, the process should be economically profitable. From the above it appears that the intensification of heat exchange can’t be considered isolated from the necessary energy costs. The determining criterion of optimization is the efficiency of the heat exchange process at a given level of energy consumption at transfer of the working environment through the equipment. Heat exchange intensification during use of gaseous working environments is of particular importance, for which characteristic reduction of intensity of heat exchange processes and high energy consumption for removal of supports at pumping of gases is characteristic. Tasks of heat exchange intensification are usually set: to reduce the size and weight of heat exchange devices; to decrease the temperature pressure, i.e. to decrease the temperature of the walls at the given temperature of heat carrier or to increase the temperature of heat carrier at the given temperature of walls. Reduction of thickness of heat transfer wall and increase of its thermal conductivity, as well as prevention waste contamination on the wall is an obvious method of intensification of heat exchange.

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Oyedoh, Oghoye P., Wei Yang, Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran, Gustavo Santoyo, Bernard R. Glick, and Olubukola O. Babalola. "Sustainable Agriculture: Rare-Actinomycetes to the Rescue." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030666.

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The failure of sustainable and agricultural intensifications in saving the ecosystem/public health has caused a paradigm shift to microbiome resource engineering through sustainable approaches. As agricultural intensification systems prioritize synthetic input applications over environmental health, sustainable intensification fails to define the end point of intensification, giving room for the application of “intensification” over “sustainability” to suit farmers’ needs. However, sustainable agricultural practices through microbiome resource services have been well harnessed and appreciated for their significant role in plant health and disease management due to their ability to secret agroactive metabolites with notable functionalities in a cooperative manner or as bioinoculants. The complexity of a cooperative microbiome and the uncontrollable nature of its numerous influencing parameters as well as the non-specificity associated with bioinoculant application, results in the direct utilization of agroactive compounds to obtain greater preventive efficiency. In this regard, the known bacterial trove has been seriously ransacked, yet there exists an inexhaustible bank of unknown compounds, which are conserved in Actinomycetes. However, the rare Actinomycetes group has received less attention than other plant growth-promoting bacteria; thus, the possibility exists that the Actinomycetes may encode novel useful metabolites. To unravel the possible uses of these metabolites for phytoprotection, smart culture-based techniques and genometabolomics technology have been applied. Hence the aim of this review is to express the sustainable nature of agro-antibiotics or biopesticide from these bacterial resources for the resolution of phytopathogenic havoc that reduces crop productivity.

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29

Nelson, Rebecca. "Viewpoint: International agriculture’s needed shift from energy intensification to agroecological intensification." Food Policy 91 (February 2020): 101815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101815.

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30

Candra, Adi, Farida Farida, and Husni Sulaiman. "RICE OF INTENSIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER-BASED RICE OF INTENSIFICATION." Jurnal Teknoif Teknik Informatika Institut Teknologi Padang 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21063/jtif.2022.v10.2.62-68.

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Pengairan irigasi pertanian merupakan upaya yang dilakukan petani untuk menjaga konsistensi ketersediaan air pada lahan pertanian. Namun pemakaian air terutama pada musim kemarau tidak dapat diatur dengan baik sehingga pemakaian air untuk mengatur pengairan sawah tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Pengaturan air dibuat dengan tujuan dapat mencukupi kebutuhan air secara merata disetiap lahan, infomasi dari beberapa kelompok tani Mattirobulu di Desa Dampang, Kecamatan Gantarang, Kabupaten Bulukumba, diperoleh informasi bahwa, sampai saat ini pembagian air irigasi melalui pintu-pintu irigasi dilakukan secara manual, sehingga pembagian air pada lahan sawah tidak berjalan sesuai dengan harapan karena adanya beberapa kelompok tani serta adanya beberapa orang atau oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab melakukan kecurangan dalam hal pembagian air. Sehingga timbul masalah seperti, hilangnya saling percaya antar petani, sampai pada terjadinya pertikaian antara petani tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Merancang prototype sistem kontrol pengairan sawah secara System Rice of Intensification (SRI) berbasis Manfaat Penelitian adapun manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah Prototype sistem kontrol pengairan sawah menggunakan metode System Rice of Intensification (SRI) berbasis mikrokontroler yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dalam mengembangkan pertanian dan mampu mengatur pengairan sawah secara SRI

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31

Li, Quanfeng, Zhe Dong, Guoming Du, and Aizheng Yang. "Spatial Differentiation of Cultivated Land Use Intensification in Village Settings: A Survey of Typical Chinese Villages." Land 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030249.

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The intensified use of cultivated land is essential for optimizing crop planting practices and protecting food security. This study employed a telecoupling framework to evaluate the cultivated land use intensification rates in typical Chinese villages (village cultivated land use intensifications—VCLUIs). The pressure–state–response (PSR) model organizes the VCLUI indexes including the intensity press, output state, and structural response of cultivated land use. Empirical analysis conducted in Baiquan County, China, indicating that the cultivated land use intensification levels of the whole county were low. However, the intensifications of villages influenced by physical and geographic locations and socioeconomic development levels varied significantly. This paper also found that variations in the VCLUIs were mainly dependent on new labor-driven social subsystem differences. Thus, the expanding per capita farmland scales and increasing numbers of new agricultural business entities were critical in improving the VCLUI. Overall, the theoretical framework proposed in this study was demonstrated to be effective in analyzing interactions among the natural, social, and economic subsystems of the VCLUI. The findings obtained in this study potentially have important implications for future regional food security, natural stability, and agricultural land use sustainability.

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32

Hastings, Caroline, Harland N. Sather, Nita L. Seibel, James Nachman, Peter G. Steinherz, Kathy Bertolone, Cynthia DeLaat, et al. "Outcomes in Children and Adolescents with a Markedly Elevated White Blood Cell Count (>200,000) at Diagnosis of High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Report from the Children’s Oncology Group." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1870.1870.

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Abstract In prior studies, children and adolescents with markedly elevated (ME) WBC≥200,000 had a poor outcome. We examined the outcome of these patients enrolled on CCG l961 (n=250) and compared them to other patients with WBC<200,000 (n=1800). Criteria for CCG-1961 enrollment included age 1–9 years and WBC ≥ 50,000; or age ≥ 10 years with any WBC. Two-thirds of ME WBC patients were male; one third were ≥ 10 years of age, and 7% had CNS disease at diagnosis. Among patients with evaluable immunophenotypes (n=223), 46% had B precursor and 55% had T cell ALL. Event free survival (EFS) at 5 years for ME vs lower WBC patients was 60% and 73%, respectively (p<.0001). Survival (S) at 5 years was 73% vs 82% for ME and lower WBC patients, respectively (p=.0015). EFS for ME B precursor patients was 45% compared to 72% for lower WBC B precursor patients (p<.0001). EFS for ME and lower WBC T cell patients was 71% and 74%. On CCG 1961, rapid early response (RER) patients were randomized to receive stronger or standard intensity therapy and standard or longer intensification. Slow early response (SER) patients received increased intensity therapy and were randomized to receive sequential idarubicin/cyclophosphamide or weekly doxorubicin in intensification. All SER patients received 2 delayed intensifications. EFS for RER ME WBC patients (n=143) was 73% for stronger intensification and 60% for standard intensification. EFS for RER ME WBC was 72% for standard duration and 59% for longer duration intensification. EFS was 61% for SER patients (n=83) with no difference among regimens. Eleven of 103 B lineage ME WBC patients had Ph+ ALL of those there were 8 subsequent events. Patients with CNS 2 had significantly worse outcome (4 year EFS 52%) compared to patients with CNS 3 (4 year EFS 59%) or CNS 1(4 year EFS 68%) status at diagnosis, (p=.04). In conclusion, a ME WBC appears to have no prognostic significance for T cell patients while a ME WBC is highly prognostic for B precursor patients. Stronger intensification improves EFS for RER ME WBC patients as compared to standard intensification. Although the numbers are small, the magnitude of this difference is similar to the outcome of the entire study.

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33

Praikaew, Wanichaya, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Farid Aiouache, Vesna Najdanovic-Visak, Kanokwan Ngaosuwan, Doonyapong Wongsawaeng, Jun Wei Lim, et al. "Process and Energy Intensification of Glycerol Carbonate Production from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate in the Presence of Eggshell-Derived CaO Heterogeneous Catalyst." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144249.

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The process and energy intensifications for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using an eggshell-derived CaO heterogeneous catalyst were investigated. The transesterification reaction between glycerol and DMC was typically limited by mass transfer because of the immiscible nature of the reactants. By varying the stirring speed, it was observed that the mass transfer limitation could be neglected at 800 rpm. The presence of the CaO solid catalyst made the mass transport-limited reaction process more prominent. Mass transfer intensification using a simple kitchen countertop blender as an alternative to overcome the external mass transfer limitation of a typical magnetic stirrer was demonstrated. A lower amount of the catalyst and a shorter reaction time were required to achieve 93% glycerol conversion or 91% GC yield, and the turnover frequency (TOF) increased almost 5 times from 1.5 to 7.2 min−1 when using a conventional magnetic stirrer and countertop blender, respectively. In addition, using a simple kitchen countertop blender with 7200 rpm, the reaction temperature of 60 °C could be reached within approximately 3 min without the need of a heating unit. This was the result of the self-frictional heat generated by the high-shear blender. This was considered to be heat transfer intensification, as heat was generated locally (in situ), offering a higher homogeneity distribution. Meanwhile, the trend toward energy intensification was promising as the yield efficiency increased from 0.064 to 2.391 g/kJ. A comparison among other process intensification techniques, e.g., microwave reactor, ultrasonic reactor, and reactive distillation was also rationalized.

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Sathyapriya.J, Sathyapriya J., S. Lakshmi Narasimhan, R. Vandhana R.Vandhana, and Dr Deepa Ittimani Tholath. "Customer Accessibility and intensification of Fusion Marketing." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/88.

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35

Richerson, Peter J., Robert Boyd, and Robert L. Bettinger. "Was Agriculture Impossible during the Pleistocene but Mandatory during the Holocene? A Climate Change Hypothesis." American Antiquity 66, no. 3 (July 2001): 387–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694241.

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Several independent trajectories of subsistence intensification, often leading to agriculture, began during the Holocene. No plant-rich intensifications are known from the Pleistocene, even from the late Pleistocene when human populations were otherwise quite sophisticated. Recent data from ice and ocean-core climate proxies show that last glacial climates were extremely hostile to agriculture—dry, low in atmospheric CO2, and extremely variable on quite short time scales. We hypothesize that agriculture was impossible under last-glacial conditions. The quite abrupt final amelioration of the climate was followed immediately by the beginnings of plant-intensive resource-use strategies in some areas, although the turn to plants was much later elsewhere. Almost all trajectories of subsistence intensification in the Holocene are progressive, and eventually agriculture became the dominant strategy in all but marginal environments. We hypothesize that, in the Holocene, agriculture was, in the long run, compulsory. We use a mathematical analysis to argue that the rate-limiting process for intensification trajectories must generally be the rate of innovation of subsistence technology or subsistence-related social organization. At the observed rates of innovation, population growth will always be rapid enough to sustain a high level of population pressure. Several processes appear to retard rates of cultural evolution below the maxima we observe in the most favorable cases.

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Paris, P., C. Consalvo, A. Rosati, M. Mele, A. Franca, F. Camilli, and M. Marchetti. "Agroforestry and ecological intensification." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 16, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor3053-016.

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37

Pisante, Michele, and Amir Kassam. "Sustainable Crop Production Intensification." AIMS Agriculture and Food 2, no. 1 (2017): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2017.1.40.

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38

&NA;. "Intensification for ALL children." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 971 (January 1995): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199509710-00034.

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39

Kulchytska, Olena. "MEANS OF EMOTIVES’ INTENSIFICATION." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 35 (2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2019.35.10.

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The article is devoted to the study of linguistic means of realizing pejoration in the novels by S. Mayer. The topicality of the study is caused by scholarly necessity and importance of studying pejoration from anthropocentric viewpoint, since this vocabulary is rapidly developing and requires analysis and research from different positions. Moreover, the emotive component and the evaluative category in pejoratives have been insufficiently studied. The following definition of pejoratives has been put forward: they are lexemes that have negative, emotionally loaded expressive evaluation and create preconditions for the achievement of an illocutionary goal. They belong to the low style, have a synonym in neutral vocabulary register, have denotative and connotative components of meaning, are prone to change the sign of evaluation, in terms of hybrid semantics have both truth-conditional and use-conditional components and are contextually preconditioned. Vocabulary, the pejorative meaning of which is denotatively registered in lexicographic sources is determined as absolute. Pejoratives, whose meaning is not lexicographically registered, are classified as relative. Semantic field of pejorative vocabulary corpus consists of the nucleus, close and distant periphery. All means of distant periphery serve as intensifiers of pejorative meaning. On the semantic level pejoratives may function as a metaphor, epithet, oxymoron, hyperbole, litote, metonymy, simile, irony and sarcasm. On the syntactic level pejorative vocabulary is integrated into interrogative constructions, inversions, syntactic reductions, stylistic repetitions, antithesis, and word-play. The degree of expressiveness of pejorative meaning has been estimated by means of Likert scale, and it includes the following items: punctuation, semantic and stylistic means, syntactic and stylistic means, graphic symbols, nonce-words and adj/adv + n structure. Pragmatic analysis has yielded the following result: pejoratives are potentially manipulative linguistic means.

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40

Abalkin, L. "Intensification and Economic Growth." Problems in Economics 29, no. 2 (June 1986): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991290264.

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DODGSON, MARK, DAVID M. GANN, and AMMON J. SALTER. "THE INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATION." International Journal of Innovation Management 06, no. 01 (March 2002): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919602000495.

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This paper suggests that the innovation process has intensified as a result of the application of new digital technologies. These technologies that simulate, model and integrate, intensify the innovation process through facilitating economy of effort and definiteness of aim. Of all the many analytical lenses used to examine innovation, the most valuable in accounting for this "automation of innovation" is Rothwell's concept of the 5th Generation Innovation Process. Our paper revisits this element of Rothwell's (1992) prize-winning article in R&D Management. It reviews the use of a range of enabling technologies and strategic management practices for the automation of innovation that were either in gestation or unknown at the time of Rothwell's paper. Rothwell's speculation about the increased "electronification" of the innovation process, and of related technological and strategic integration, has proven to be correct. The use of the new "lectronic toolkit" can transform the innovation process by facilitating the transfer, transformation and control of information. Using insights from contemporary innovation and management research, this paper examines the benefits and limitations of these digital technologies in dealing with the challenges of innovation of reducing costs and increasing speed, predictability and strategic organisational integration. It presents a conceptual framework for assessing the intensification of innovation and outlines some strategic managerial precepts that will facilitate effective use of these technologies. The paper concludes with speculations about future developments in the intensification of innovation and its impact for strategic management, together with questions for further research.

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Covington, Martin V. "The Myth of Intensification." Educational Researcher 25, no. 8 (November 1996): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x025008024.

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Scheuerle, Angela E. "Some Intensification and Refining." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 28, no. 2 (March 2017): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000003486.

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López Folgado, Vicente. "Interpretive use: translating intensification." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 14 (2001): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2001.14.08.

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Núñez, Marina, Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado, and Vincent Soriano. "Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 17, no. 6 (April 10, 2001): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/08892220151126544.

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Aerts, R., G. Berecha, and O. Honnay. "Protecting coffee from intensification." Science 347, no. 6218 (January 8, 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6218.139-b.

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Brown, Alastair. "Limits of eco-intensification." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 5 (April 25, 2014): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2230.

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Leach, Helen M. "Intensification in the Pacific." Current Anthropology 40, no. 3 (June 1999): 311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/200021.

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Melia, Steve, Graham Parkhurst, and Hugh Barton. "The paradox of intensification." Transport Policy 18, no. 1 (January 2011): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.05.007.

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BRANNON, ROBERT L. "Professionalization and Work Intensification." Work and Occupations 21, no. 2 (May 1994): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888494021002001.

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