Journal articles on the topic 'Intending death'
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Packer, Tracy. "Euthanasia-foreseeing death or intending death?" Nursing Standard 11, no. 21 (February 11, 1997): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.11.21.45.s46.
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Norcross, Alastair. "INTENDING AND FORESEEING DEATH." Southwest Philosophy Review 15, no. 1 (1999): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview199915127.
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Brody, Howard. "Causing, Intending, and Assisting Death." Journal of Clinical Ethics 4, no. 2 (June 1, 1993): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jce199304202.
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Ely, E. Wesley, Elie Azoulay, and Charlie L. Sprung. "Distinction between good palliative care and intending death." Intensive Care Medicine 46, no. 1 (October 28, 2019): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05827-3.
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Chan, David K. "Active Voluntary Euthanasia and the Problem of Intending Death." Journal of Philosophical Research 30, no. 9999 (2005): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jpr_2005_21.
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Morita, Tatsuya, Junichi Tsunoda, Satoshi Inoue, and Satoshi Chihara. "Do Hospice Clinicians Sedate Patients Intending to Hasten Death?" Journal of Palliative Care 15, no. 3 (September 1999): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979901500305.
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Fetters, M. D. "About intending death: the family and quality of care." Archives of Family Medicine 3, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 217a—217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.3.3.217a.
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Freeman, J. M. "Management at the end of life. A dialogue about intending death." Archives of Family Medicine 2, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 1078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.2.10.1078.
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Girgis, Sherif. "The Wrongfulness of Any Intent to Kill." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 19, no. 2 (2019): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq201919217.
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Germain Grisez’s philosophical argument for respecting human life has been developed by fellow new natural law (NNL) theorists and applied to a range of lethal actions, for its conclusion is vast: intending the death of any human being as a means or an end is wrong in itself. For some Thomists, the NNL view on killing is both lax and rigorist: They consider it lax because its narrow criterion for what is “intended” leaves out some acts, especially ones related to abortion, that the critics consider murder. And they consider the NNL view rigorist insofar as it apparently rules out the death penalty, contrary to the Thomistic tradition and perhaps even heretically. However, the most salient philosophical arguments for exceptions to the principle against intending anyone’s death are weaker than the case for any given premise of the contrary NNL argument. Nevertheless, some NNL theorists’ arguments on life are unsound, some can be defended better than they have been, and some nonphilosophical objections based on theological authority require more exploration.
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Magelssen, Morten, Sophia Kaushal, and Kalala Ariel Nyembwe. "Intending, hastening and causing death in non-treatment decisions: a physician interview study." Journal of Medical Ethics 42, no. 9 (June 2, 2016): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103022.
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Upadhyay, Soumya, Justin Lord, and Maxim Gakh. "Health-Information Seeking and Intention to Quit Smoking: Do Health Beliefs Have a Mediating Role?" Tobacco Use Insights 12 (January 2019): 1179173X1987131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x19871310.
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Background: Smoking is a leading cause of preventable deaths. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of smoking-associated disease and death. But smoking cessation involves behaviour change. Existing research indicates that health-information seeking and health-promoting behaviours can be positively associated. However, in the context of smoking, the relationship between seeking health information and intending to quit smoking remains only partially understood. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between seeking health information and intending to quit smoking and to determine whether this relationship is mediated by health beliefs. Methods: We used data from the fourth cycle of the US National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Logistic regression was used to assess the independent variable (ie, health-information seeking) and dependent variable (ie, intention to quit smoking) as mediated by health belief. Results: Our findings suggest that smokers who seek health information have a 2.67 times higher odds of intending to quit smoking than smokers who do not seek health information. However, health beliefs do not have an intervening effect between seeking health information and intending to quit smoking. Discussion: Seeking health information is important in predicting attempts to quit smoking, regardless of the smokers’ pre-existing health beliefs. Our findings support cessation efforts that encourage smokers to seek health information. Determining optimal ways to encourage smokers to seek smoking-related information could support achieving and maintaining smoking cessation. Conclusion: Cessation programmes and policies should encourage smokers to seek health information. Additional research should further examine smokers’ motivators and cues for health-information seeking and should further probe smokers’ beliefs about the risks of smoking.
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van Wijngaarden, Els, Carlo Leget, and Anne Goossensen. "Caught between intending and doing: older people ideating on a self-chosen death: Table 1." BMJ Open 6, no. 1 (January 2016): e009895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009895.
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WONG, GREGORY T. K. "A Farewell to Arms: Goliath's Death as Rhetoric against Faith in Arms." Bulletin for Biblical Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26424478.
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Abstract In a 1978 article, Deem proposes to read מצחו in 1 Sam 17:49 as "his greave" rather than "his forehead," thereby asserting that it was not Goliath's forehead but one of his greaves that David's stone hit. This article attempts to lend further support to that view by focusing on the rhetorical function of specific pieces of armament first cited in 17:5–7 and subsequently allowed to recur within the narrative. In light of the narrative's prevailing overall rhetoric against a faith in arms, it will be argued that there is every indication that the author/redactor has crafted his narrative intending מצחו in 17:49 to be referring to one of Goliath's greaves rather than his forehead.
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Delfin, Maria Diana B., Wilfredo D. Dalugdog, Alrien F. Dausan, and Elizabeth S. Villa-Buena. "Measuring Recidivism Rate: Its Predictive Variables and Antecedents." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 10 (October 27, 2023): 3787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.10.29.
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This study examined the recidivism rate at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology – National Capital Region (BJMP-NCR), Philippines, from 2020 to 2022 based on predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism. The results revealed that young individuals; males; married; Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) with drug cases, leading to death or intending to cause death, and acts involving fraud and deception; and those having shorter stays in prison tend to recidivate more. Likewise, the pattern of recidivism in the Metro Manila District Jail (MMDJ) from 2020 to 2022 was affected by the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, both predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism show no significant association with the pattern of recidivism.
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CHRISTENSEN, KATE. "Kate Christensen Speaks with Pat Matheny, a Recipient of Lethal Medication under Oregon's Death with Dignity Act." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 4 (October 1999): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199004211.
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Oregon is the only state in the United States where a physician may legally prescribe a lethal dose of barbiturate for a patient intending suicide. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was passed by voters in 1994 and came into effect after much legal wrangling in October of 1997. At the same time, a cabinetmaker named Pat Matheny was struggling with progressive weakness from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. I met with Pat and his family for a lengthy interview in October 1998 in Coos Bay, Oregon, for a television news report on his decision to get a lethal prescription. Below is an extract from that interview. On the day this introduction was written, 10 March 1999, Pat took the prescribed lethal overdose of barbiturates and died at home. His illness was taking his voice, he could not move his hands or legs, and breathing was becoming very difficult. His mother told me he knew that was “the right time” for him.
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Truszkowski, Mikołaj, and Anna Warston. "STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF MINORS IN THE LIGHT OF THE LAW OF 28 JULY 2023 – ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED REGULATIONS AND COMMENTS DE LEGE FERENDA (PART 1)." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XXIV (March 31, 2024): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4692.
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The subject of the research is the analysis of current national regulations aimed at protecting minors from violence and strengthening respect for their rights. The research focuses on evaluating the changes introduced by the Act on Counteracting the Threat of Sexual Crime following the tragic death of Kamilek from Czestochowa in May 2023. Among other things, the amendment introduced the concept of standards for the protection of minors and imposed numerous obligations on those intending to work in activities related to minors. In the absence of abundant literature on the subject with a view to the issue at hand, the authors used, in particular, the theoretical-legal and dogmatic-legal method, primarily focusing on the interpretation of the enacted legislation.
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Stone, I. R., and R. J. Crampton. "‘A disastrous affair’; the Franco-British attack on Petropavlovsk, 1854." Polar Record 22, no. 141 (September 1985): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740000632x.
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AbstractThe battle of Petropavlovsk in August/September 1854 was a significant though little known victory for the Russians during the Crimean War. Petropavlovsk, i n Kamchatka, was attacked by a Franco-British naval force intending to destroy Russian ships within the harbour and to render the port unusable as a naval base. Allied plans were disrupted by the death ofthe commander in chief, the British Admiral Price, just before the action was joined. A bombardment on 31 August badly damaged the harbour defences and, if followed up, would probably have resulted in success. After a gap of three days, the allies mounted a landing in the rear of the town which was, after severefighting, repelled by the Russians. After this defeat, the squadron dispersed t o ports on the other side of the Pacific.
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Singh, Manisha. "Physician Assisted Death -An Ethical Dilemma Revisited." International Journal of Clinical Nephrology 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2834-5142/028.
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Physicians often face ethical dilemmas when providing advice regarding withdrawal of care. In the nephrology world, we are especially at risk due to the high mortality of our patients. Yet our training tends to lag behind in certain aspects of end of life goals of care discussions. Some of our patients enquire regarding physician-assisted death (PAD) as an option and our current training does not enable us to provide an informed answer. In end-stage-renal patients, opting out of dialysis will certainly result in a rapid demise for most, however, some patients request further assistance. We updated information to be, at the least, able to help our most vulnerable patients with the information. The process of dying, sometimes prolonged to weeks, is a very painful procedure, and not under the patient's control. Withdrawal of care, even with the best palliative care options, does not always result in the control that physician-assisted death (PAD) can provide. It appears as a reasonable option to some patients at the end of life. Is PAD a part of doing “everything that can be done” to keep a patient comfortable (as a part of comfort goals of care)? The provision exists in certain states. However, moving to another state at the end of life is not really practical or even a kind option to consider. A physician can have moral and ethical dilemma around these queries. Our paper discusses available data on this issue intending to empower providers with optimal information. Professional position guidelines do not agree with or recommend physician-assisted-death. This knowledge helps clear the conscience of providers knowing that, at the least, we are doing what most other physicians would do. The question remains: Is PAD a part of “everything that can be done” for the patient? This manuscript aims to update regarding this issue especially as there have been recently active discussions worldwide with the launch of newer technology-assisted death. We present a case modified extensively from real life cases for academic discussion only. We do not provide any recommendation regarding the practice.
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Nietert, Paul J., Miguel R. Abboud, Marc D. Silverstein, and Sherron M. Jackson. "Bone marrow transplantation versus periodic prophylactic blood transfusion in sickle cell patients at high risk of ischemic stroke: a decision analysis." Blood 95, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 3057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.10.3057.
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Abstract Measurement of cerebral blood velocity (CBV) by transcranial Doppler has been used to identify patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are at high risk of ischemic stroke. This study examines outcomes of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and periodic blood transfusion (PBT) as a basis for making treatment recommendations for patients who have elevated CBV and no other indications for BMT. Decision analysis was used to compare the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) experienced by a population of patients with SCD at high risk for stroke who were treated with PBT or BMT. Markov models were constructed to represent the clinical course of patients with SCD who were treated with PBT or BMT. Medical literature and expert opinion provided risks of stroke and death for different disease states, estimates of transition probabilities from one clinical state to another, and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis and an analysis of treatment received were both performed on hypothetical cohorts of 100 000 patients. Patients with SCD who were managed with a strategy of intending to provide BMT could expect 16.0 QALYs, compared with 15.7 QALYs for a strategy of intending to provide PBT; however, the variation around these estimates was large. In the treatment received analysis, patients compliant with PBT therapy and iron chelation could expect the best outcomes (19.2 QALYs). From a policy perspective, neither BMT nor PBT can be considered the “best” treatment for children with SCD who have abnormal CBV. Abnormal CBV should not be the only criterion for selecting patients with sickle cell for BMT.
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Nietert, Paul J., Miguel R. Abboud, Marc D. Silverstein, and Sherron M. Jackson. "Bone marrow transplantation versus periodic prophylactic blood transfusion in sickle cell patients at high risk of ischemic stroke: a decision analysis." Blood 95, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 3057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.10.3057.010k34_3057_3064.
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Measurement of cerebral blood velocity (CBV) by transcranial Doppler has been used to identify patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are at high risk of ischemic stroke. This study examines outcomes of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and periodic blood transfusion (PBT) as a basis for making treatment recommendations for patients who have elevated CBV and no other indications for BMT. Decision analysis was used to compare the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) experienced by a population of patients with SCD at high risk for stroke who were treated with PBT or BMT. Markov models were constructed to represent the clinical course of patients with SCD who were treated with PBT or BMT. Medical literature and expert opinion provided risks of stroke and death for different disease states, estimates of transition probabilities from one clinical state to another, and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis and an analysis of treatment received were both performed on hypothetical cohorts of 100 000 patients. Patients with SCD who were managed with a strategy of intending to provide BMT could expect 16.0 QALYs, compared with 15.7 QALYs for a strategy of intending to provide PBT; however, the variation around these estimates was large. In the treatment received analysis, patients compliant with PBT therapy and iron chelation could expect the best outcomes (19.2 QALYs). From a policy perspective, neither BMT nor PBT can be considered the “best” treatment for children with SCD who have abnormal CBV. Abnormal CBV should not be the only criterion for selecting patients with sickle cell for BMT.
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Mohammadi Tofigh, Arash, Javad Zebarjadi Bagherpour, and Parham Nikraftar. "Total Gastric Necrosis as a Presentation of Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Case Report." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 10, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 31244. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v10i3.31244.
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Background: Rice pill poisoning is among the most frequent causes of death among prisoners. Despite advances in the treatment of this poisoning, its mortality rate remains high. The symptoms of Aluminum Phosphide (AlP) poisoning are varied and progressive. One of the essential foundations of diagnosis is based on the history of swallowing the pill by the patient or their companions.
Case report: A 20-year-old woman with generalized abdominal pain and a diagnosis of peritonitis was operated. The operative finding was total gastric necrosis. After the operation, the patient's husband claimed that she had consumed some rice pills, intending to commit suicide. Despite all efforts, she remained in persistent septic shock and multi-organ failure and passed away after surgery.
Conclusion: Total gastric necrosis could be among the lethal complications of rice tablet (AlP) poisoning.
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Wangerin, Laura. "Empress Theophanu, Sanctity, and Memory in Early Medieval Saxony." Central European History 47, no. 4 (December 2014): 716–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938914001927.
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The Empress Theophanu, wife of Otto II and regent for her son Otto III, was by all accounts a woman skilled at maneuvering through the complicated world of Ottonian politics. When she died in 991 CE, around the age of thirty, she had accomplished much: after arriving in Italy from Constantinople in 972 at around the age of twelve, she became Otto II's queen and was crowned empress of the Western Empire. During her lifetime, she was among the wealthiest women in Europe and one of the continent's most powerful people. After her husband's death, she secured the succession of her son, Otto III, and actively ruled as regent, successfully navigating the dangerous political world of the Western Roman Empire. Her activities included building churches, placing her daughters in positions of power in key nunneries, issuing acts as imperator and imperatrix, receiving ambassadors, waging war and negotiating peace—essentially doing everything expected of a male emperor with the exception of personally engaging in battle. Thietmar of Merseburg, writing around 1013, praises her rule as regent, stating that she held the kingdom for her son “in a manly fashion,” clearly intending this as a compliment. And yet, after her death and the premature death of her son a few years later, Theophanu seems to disappear from the historical record. Despite the great number of contemporary sources in which she figured during her lifetime and immediately after her death, including charters and donations, letters, chronicles, and annals, we know almost nothing about her. The few sources that do mention her in the period following her death have little good to say about her. Why did this woman fall into disfavor?
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Prugger, Christof, Jürgen Wellmann, Jan Heidrich, Dirk De Bacquer, Delphine De Smedt, Guy De Backer, Željko Reiner, et al. "Regular exercise behaviour and intention and symptoms of anxiety and depression in coronary heart disease patients across Europe: Results from the EUROASPIRE III survey." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487316667781.
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Background Regular exercise lowers the risk of cardiovascular death in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. We aimed to investigate regular exercise behaviour and intention in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression in CHD patients across Europe. Design This study was based on a multicentre cross-sectional survey. Methods In the EUROpean Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events (EUROASPIRE) III survey, 8966 CHD patients <80 years of age from 22 European countries were interviewed on average 15 months after hospitalisation. Whether patients exercised or intended to exercise regularly was assessed using the Stages of Change questionnaire in 8330 patients. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Total physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in patients from a subset of 14 countries. Results Overall, 50.3% of patients were not intending to exercise regularly, 15.9% were intending to exercise regularly, and 33.8% were exercising regularly. Patients with severe symptoms of depression less frequently exercised regularly than patients with symptoms in the normal range (20.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.8–26.8 vs 36.7%, 95% CI 29.8–44.2). Among patients not exercising regularly, patients with severe symptoms of depression were less likely to have an intention to exercise regularly (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.85). Symptoms of anxiety did not affect regular exercise intention. In sensitivity analysis, results were consistent when adjusting for total physical activity. Conclusions Lower frequency of regular exercise and decreased likelihood of exercise intention were observed in CHD patients with severe depressive symptoms. Severe symptoms of depression may preclude CHD patients from performing regular exercise.
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Thomas, Pauline, Natacha Galopin, Emma Bonérandi, Béatrice Clémenceau, Sophie Fougeray, and Stéphane Birklé. "CAR T Cell Therapy’s Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors." Cancers 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 5445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215445.
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Malignant central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children. Progress in high-throughput molecular techniques has increased the molecular understanding of these tumors, but the outcomes are still poor. Even when efficacious, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy cause neurologic and neurocognitive morbidity. Adoptive cell therapy with autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) has demonstrated remarkable remission rates in patients with relapsed refractory B cell malignancies. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity, the identification of appropriate target antigens, and location in a growing brain behind the blood–brain barrier within a specific suppressive immune microenvironment restrict the efficacy of this strategy in pediatric neuro-oncology. In addition, the vulnerability of the brain to unrepairable tissue damage raises important safety concerns. Recent preclinical findings, however, have provided a strong rationale for clinical trials of this approach in patients. Here, we examine the most important challenges associated with the development of CAR T cell immunotherapy and further present the latest preclinical strategies intending to optimize genetically engineered T cells’ efficiency and safety in the field of pediatric neuro-oncology.
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Mejía-Hernández, Javier Octavio, Dinesh Raghu, Franco Caramia, Nicholas Clemons, Kenji Fujihara, Thomas Riseborough, Amina Teunisse, et al. "Targeting MDM4 as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Prostate Cancer Independent of p53 Status." Cancers 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 3947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163947.
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Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease in patients incapable of responding to therapeutic interventions. Invasive prostate cancer spread is caused by failure of the normal anti-cancer defense systems that are controlled by the tumour suppressor protein, p53. Upon mutation, p53 malfunctions. Therapeutic strategies to directly re-empower the growth-restrictive capacities of p53 in cancers have largely been unsuccessful, frequently because of a failure to discriminate responses in diseased and healthy tissues. Our studies sought alternative prostate cancer drivers, intending to uncover new treatment targets. We discovered the oncogenic potency of MDM4 in prostate cancer cells, both in the presence and absence of p53 and also its mutation. We uncovered that sustained depletion of MDM4 is growth inhibitory in prostate cancer cells, involving either apoptosis or senescence, depending on the cell and genetic context. We identified that the potency of MDM4 targeting could be potentiated in prostate cancers with mutant p53 through the addition of a first-in-class small molecule drug that was selected as a p53 reactivator and has the capacity to elevate oxidative stress in cancer cells to drive their death.
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Yalamarty, Satya Siva Kishan, Nina Filipczak, Xiang Li, Md Abdus Subhan, Farzana Parveen, Janaína Artem Ataide, Bharat Ashok Rajmalani, and Vladimir P. Torchilin. "Mechanisms of Resistance and Current Treatment Options for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)." Cancers 15, no. 7 (April 1, 2023): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072116.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that is difficult to treat due to its resistance to both radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance is largely due to the unique biology of GBM cells, which can evade the effects of conventional treatments through mechanisms such as increased resistance to cell death and rapid regeneration of cancerous cells. Additionally, the blood–brain barrier makes it difficult for chemotherapy drugs to reach GBM cells, leading to reduced effectiveness. Despite these challenges, there are several treatment options available for GBM. The standard of care for newly diagnosed GBM patients involves surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Emerging treatments include immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted therapies, such as bevacizumab, that attempt to attack specific vulnerabilities in GBM cells. Another promising approach is the use of tumor-treating fields, a type of electric field therapy that has been shown to slow the growth of GBM cells. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these and other innovative treatments for GBM, intending to improve with outcomes for patients.
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Olivares Merino, Eugenio M. "'Beowulfo', 'Geatas' and 'Heoroto': An Appraisal of the Earliest Renderings of Beowulf in Spain." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 39 (December 31, 2009): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20099716.
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Back in 1934, Beowulf entered the Spanish editorial world. Manuel Vallvé published in Barcelona a retelling of this Old English poem not intending it for scholars or professors, but rather for children. Ever since then and up to 1975, the year of General Franco’s death, two translations of Beowulf, as well as a second version for kids were published in Spain. These texts are indirect indicators of the evolution of medieval English studies in this country and provide useful insights into the socio-historical background in which they were written. In the present paper I intend to contextualize these four texts in their ideological background. I will show how the Spanish versions of Beowulf were (un)consciously used by their authors mainly in two ways: either as a response to the dominant ideology, or as channels of transmission and reinforcement of the political establishment. Such a reappraisal has not been made up to now, and I consider it is badly needed given the level of maturity reached by Old English studies in English Departments at Spanish universities at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
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Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R., Christy Schunn, Ashley M. Hervey, Millicent Dempsey, Sheila Blackmon, Brenda Davis, Trudy Baker, Cheryl A. Mayes, and Maria Torres. "Redesigned community baby showers to promote infant safe sleep." Health Education Journal 79, no. 8 (July 4, 2020): 888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896920935918.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether participation in a community event developed using Health Belief Model constructs increased intention to follow the American Academy of Paediatrics Safe Sleep Guidelines for infants. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers held between Spring 2015 and Spring 2019. Method: Women attending the Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers completed pre- and post-assessments measuring intentions based on constructs derived from the Health Belief Model. Results: Following the Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers, significantly more of the 812 participants demonstrated positive changes in Health Belief Model constructs, including beliefs about severity and susceptibility (infant is at risk, sleeping with infant can cause death, loose blankets can cause death), benefits (putting infant alone, on back in crib will help protect), barriers (infant will [not] choke on back) and self-efficacy (know what to do). Two barriers did not result in significant change: room for crib (cot) in parents’ room and able to keep infant warm without blankets. Most reported intention to only place infant supine (99%), in safe sleep locations (97.8%) and to include only safe items (86.2%; all p < .001). Conclusion: Structuring a community event based on the Health Belief Model resulted in significant increases in participants intending to follow the AAP Safe Sleep Guidelines. Further work is needed to address barriers around blankets and room sharing without bed sharing. Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers can impact Health Belief Model constructs related to the AAP Safe Sleep Recommendations, which may in turn impact behaviour.
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Stavropoulos, Ioannis, Ho Lim Pak, Gonzalo Alarcon, and Antonio Valentin. "Neuromodulation Techniques in Children with Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus." Brain Sciences 13, no. 11 (October 30, 2023): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111527.
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Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening condition and medical emergency which can have lifelong consequences, including neuronal death and alteration of neuronal networks, resulting in long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits in children. When standard pharmacological treatment for SE is not successful in controlling seizures, the condition evolves to refractory SE (rSE) and finally to super-refractory SE (srSE) if it exceeds 24 h despite using anaesthetics. In this systematic review, we present literature data on the potential uses of clinical neuromodulation techniques for the management of srSE in children, including electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. The evaluation of these techniques is limited by the small number of published paediatric cases (n = 25, one with two techniques) in peer-reviewed articles (n = 18). Although neuromodulation strategies have not been tested through randomised, prospective controlled clinical trials, this review presents the existing data and the potential benefits of neuromodulation therapy, suggesting that these techniques, when available, could be considered at earlier stages within the course of srSE intending to prevent long-term neurologic complications. Clinical trials aiming to establish whether early intervention can prevent long-term sequelae are necessary in order to establish the potential clinical value of neuromodulation techniques for the treatment of srSE in children.
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Gomes, Amanda, Leticia Monica Coimbra Gaziola, Luciana Knop, Rosa Andrea Nogueira Laiso, and Durvanei Augusto Maria. "Effect of Snake Venom Metalloprotease Desintegrin in Hepatocarcinoma Tumor Cells." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH 2, no. 4 (February 4, 2020): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v2i4.89.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This cancer is associated with cirrhosis following the hepatitis B or C virus infection, alcohol addiction, metabolic liver disease and exposure to dietary toxins such as aflatoxins and aristolochic acid. Studies demonstrate the integration of the HBV genome into liver cell DNA, including cases of patients with HBV-negative serology. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and technology in cancer diagnosis and treatments, the incidence and mortality remain worrisome. Therefore, this research is significant due to the contribution of the development of new biological agents that can be used as monotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy. Jararhagin, a snake toxin isolated from Bothrops jararaca venom, has been the subject of many studies seeking alternatives for the treatment of cancer. This protein contains the cysteine-rich disintegrin-like metalloproteinase domains and desirable functions to combat tumor cells, such as promoting acute inflammation, damaging the vascular endothelium through the zinc-dependent catalytic domain (responsible for hemorrhagic function) and enzymatically degrading the constituents of the endothelial basement membrane. Due to the antitumor effects of jararhagin presented in previous research, this study aimed to describe the possible antitumor effects of this snake metalloprotease in the murine liver tumor, intending to propose a new therapeutic option in the human liver tumor.
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Scheer, Corey E. "Electronic cigarettes in smoking cessation." Mental Health Clinician 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.n183643.
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Background: Tobacco use is the most prevalent preventable cause of death in the United States, accounting for approximately 20% of all deaths each year. Despite available treatment options, many smokers still experience multiple failed quit attempts indicating a need for development of novel therapies. When the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) was introduced to the United States' market in 2007, patients began to discuss its possible use as the newest form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Methods: A PubMed search was performed for the following terms: “Electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and smoking cessation”. A manual search of references from articles found was performed to identify additional relevant articles. Results: Most evidence surrounding use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation is found in self-reports and user surveys. One study looking at short-term effects of e-cigarettes on desire to smoke found a decreased desire in subjects inhaling from both nicotine-containing and placebo e-cigarettes. Three studies from Italy looked at natural reduction of cigarette use when subjects were allowed to freely use e-cigarettes. All three studies showed a natural reduction indicating potential efficacy for e-cigarette use in smoking cessation. A recently published randomized controlled trial was unable to prove superiority of e-cigarettes over transdermal nicotine patches for smoking cessation. Conclusions: A few studies have explored the possibility of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes to facilitate a natural reduction in use and have shown minimal positive results in a population not intending to quit. A recent randomized controlled trial comparing e-cigarettes with nicotine patches for smoking cessation was unable to prove superiority. Until these products are regulated and efficacy can be shown with well-designed studies, e-cigarettes are not a viable treatment for use in smoking cessation or as nicotine replacement therapy.
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Kulesza, Jakub, Ewelina Kulesza, Piotr Koziński, Wojciech Karpik, Marlena Broncel, and Marek Fol. "BCG and SARS-CoV-2—What Have We Learned?" Vaccines 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101641.
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Despite controversy over the protective effect of the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in adults, it has been used worldwide since 1921. Although the first reports in the 1930s had noted a remarkable decrease in child mortality after BCG immunization, this could not be explained solely by a decrease in mortality from TB. These observations gave rise to the suggestion of nonspecific beneficial effects of BCG vaccination, beyond the desired protection against M. tuberculosis. The existence of an innate immunity-training mechanism based on epigenetic changes was demonstrated several years ago. The emergence of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 revived the debate about whether the BCG vaccine can affect the immune response against the virus or other unrelated pathogens. Due to the mortality of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is important to verify each factor that may have a potential protective value against the severe course of COVID-19, complications, and death. This paper reviews the results of numerous retrospective studies and prospective trials which shed light on the potential of a century-old vaccine to mitigate the pandemic impact of the new virus. It should be noted, however, that although there are numerous studies intending to verify the hypothesis that the BCG vaccine may have a beneficial effect on COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence on the efficacy of the BCG vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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Nafisah, Nahdia Ilma. "Religious Moderation Represented through Rumi’s Thought in The Masnavi Book." Journal of Literature, Linguistics, & Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lilics.v1i1.2243.
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This study aims to reveal the representation of religious moderation that are contained in the poem of Jalal Ad-Din Rumi in his book entitled Masnawi. Rumi is a famous poet who creates beautiful and loves poems, including love in the midst of differences, especially religious diversity, even the Ministry of Religion of Republic of Indonesia was inspired to research deeply about the concept of religious moderation which was initiated by Rumi. Intending to revealing the representation of religious moderation in Rumi's book, the researcher uses Critical Discourse Analysis theory which is used to reveal the intentions embedded in discourse, because language is not only reached as a mean of communication, but critically can be understood as a tool that embodies transparent structural relationships of domination, discrimination, power, and control. The CDA theory that is used by the researcher is Wodak’s (2001) theory that well known as the Discourse Historical Approach, by analyzing discursive strategies, discourse practices, and social practices. The finding is Rumi tended to use a predication strategy by attaching positive traits to the moderation discourse and giving negative traits to the opposite, namely extremism and unbalance. His poetry which is widely spread among people from different religions including Islam, Christ and Jew success to convey the message of religious moderation, thus, people understand and apply it well, this is proven by many people mourn on his death. In conclusion, religious moderation is represented as a very positive and good thing in Rumi's poetry in his book entitled Masnawi.
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Rinarto, Nisha Dharmayanti, Ayu Citra Mayasari, and Hafizah Che Hassan. "Community Readiness of Surabaya, Indonesia to Face Acute Hepatitis in Children." Malaysian Journal of Medical Research 06, no. 04 (2022): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/mjmr.2022.v06i04.002.
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(WHO) reported the incidence of 'mysterious' acute hepatitis that attacked children in various countries on April 5, 2022. This incident happened to previously healthy children, with ages ranging from 11 months to 5 years. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has reported the findings of three suspected cases of death due to acute hepatitis in the two weeks until April 30, 2022. As a precaution, the public is expected to know the cause of acute hepatitis that attacks children, recognize the symptoms, and know the steps to prevent and treat it. The design of this study used a qualitative descriptive study intending to provide an overview of the preparedness of the people in Surabaya to face acute hepatitis in children. The population of people of Surabaya who have children aged 0 months -16 years with the Accidental Sampling approach. The samples collected were 104 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out for 5 days from 16-20 May 2022 by filling out a knowledge questionnaire. Results showed that 89.4% of people of Surabaya knew the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment steps. Based on these data, it is stated that many people in Surabaya already know the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment steps. It can be concluded that they have the readiness to face acute hepatitis that attacks children. In addition to knowing and being ready, it is hoped that the community will be able to understand and implement maximum prevention measures so that acute hepatitis in children occurs in the Surabaya area.
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Medina-Rivera, Melisa, Elizabeth Centeno-Tablante, Julia Finkelstein, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal, Lisa Rogers, Pratiwi Ridwan, et al. "Presence of Ebola Virus in Breast Milk and Its Risk of Transmission to Breastfeeding Infants: Synthesis of Evidence." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_108.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to synthesize evidence related to the presence in and transmission of the Ebola virus (EBOV) through breast milk to help inform global guidelines on infant feeding. Methods We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in international and regional databases to identify original studies describing women with suspected or confirmed EBOV infection intending to breastfeed or give breast milk to an infant. Studies documenting any breastfeeding woman who has been vaccinated or is suspected or confirmed of viral infection at any time during or after pregnancy were identified. Records were independently screened by two authors and after duplicate records were removed, studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction. Results From a total of 24,473 non-duplicate studies, we found six case reports that included seven breastfeeding mothers with suspected or confirmed EBOV infection and their eight children (one mother with twins). EBOV was detected via RT-PCR and/or by culture in five out of six breast milk samples that were collected from the mothers. Five out of the seven breastfed infants were found positive for EBOV infection and all of the identified cases led to death. Conclusions Ebola virus was detected in 5 out of 6 breast milk samples analyzed. Since the virus has also been detected in tears, saliva, and sweat, it is not possible to conclude with certainty that the transmission was through breast milk. Prospective studies are needed in order to define the safety of feeding infants with breast milk from mothers infected with EBOV. Funding Sources Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, WHO.
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Mouser, Bruce L. "Forgotten Expedition into Guinea, West Africa, 1815–17: an Editor's Comments." History in Africa 35 (January 2008): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.0.0007.
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Late in 1818 Major William Gray (Royal African Corps) and Staff Surgeon (Captain) Duncan Dochard (RAC) launched a mission of discovery along the Gambia River, intending to determine the source of the Niger River and follow its course to the point that it flowed into an inland sea or emptied into an ocean. That expedition consisted of no fewer than 62 military personnel, 31 formally appointed civilians, and likely an equal number of unofficial Africans who had taken advantage from a large and well-armed entourage for security along the path. That expedition, which lasted for more than two years, was moderately successful, but it failed in its larger objectives. It returned to the coast eventually without even reaching Timbuktu. Its leaders produced a monograph, published in 1825, that confirmed many observations made earlier by Mungo Park.The Gray/Dochard expedition, while admirable in its efforts and intent, was not the first, however, to make this particular attempt. Indeed, planning for this expeditionary cycle began in London during the summer of 1815, and was part of a larger government-sponsored plan to trace the course of the Niger, clarify the circumstances of the death of Mungo Park, and perhaps return his remains and personal property to the coast. The expedition's planners also hoped to resolve suggestions that the Niger might drain into an inland lake, might evaporate in the desert, or might join with the Nile, Congo, or another river before reaching Africa's coast. No less important was a concern in 1815 that the end of warfare on the European continent would bring a resurgence of French commercial and imperial interests.
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Dansabo, Muhammad Tasiu, Usman Ibrahim Dabai, and Ibrahim Riyadh Abdul Jabbar. "Institutional Mitigation Strategies in Quitting Banditry: Pathways, Options and Way Forward." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 2558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801188.
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The challenges of insecurity are manifested in many ways ranging from kidnapping, banditry, cattle rustling, political thuggery and ethnoreligious conflicts amongst many others. Banditry leads to unwarranted perturbations in victims of insecurity and requires urgent formulations of long-lasting solutions. The focus of this paper was banditry and institutional mitigation strategies towards ending the menace. The paper adopts a secondary data generation method, relying on empirical literature to gather information for analysis, as such, a survey of available literature was undertaken and the review of same done. The content analysis technique is employed to derive themes, aggregate scholarly viewpoints, and subsequently analyze the data. The findings revealed that different social institutions have an active role in the sustainability of banditry and hold a mitigative role in curbing and eradicating banditry in the count, it was also discovered that the family institution serves as a recruiting ground for bandits and intending bandits, failure of the family institution in instilling value orientation is the major reason for the banditry. Instilling value orientation in the family institution will help curb banditry in the country. In addition, the economic institution being a superstructure of all institutions is the backbone for the sustainability of banditry, and imposing an economic sanction in areas ravaged by banditry will curb banditry and its notorious activities. The paper recommended that youthful cohorts should be informed of death warrant should any culprit be convicted, this will instil value orientation in the heads of the family institution to extend the value orientation to each family, and will help curb banditry activities and techniques adopted by the bandits for logistics supplies.
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Lu, Qinbao, Haocheng Wu, Zheyuan Ding, Chen Wu, and Junfen Lin. "Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Scarlet Fever in Zhejiang Province, China, 2004–2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183454.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province in 2004–2018, intending to provide a basis for targeted prevention and control of this disease. Method: We collated the epidemiological data for cases of scarlet fever from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) in Zhejiang province between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever, whereas the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was used to determine the hotspot incidence of scarlet fever. Results: In 2004–2018, a total of 22,194 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Zhejiang Province, with no death reports. The annual average of scarlet fever incidence was 2.82/100,000 (range,1.12 to 6.34/100,000). The male incidence was higher than that among female (χ2 = 999.834, p < 0.05), and a majority of the cases (86.42%) occurred in children aged 3–9 years. Each year, the incidence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province appeared two seasonal peaks: the first peak occurred from March to June (the constituent ratio was 49.06%), the second peak was lower than the first one during November and the following January (the constituent ratio was 28.67%). The two peaks were almost in accordance with the school spring semester and autumn–winter semester, respectively. The incidence in the northern regions of the province was generally higher than that in the southern regions. High-value clusters were detected in the central and northern regions, while low-value clusters occurred in the southern regions via the Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of scarlet fever in Zhejiang Province showed a marked seasonality variation and mainly clustered in the central and northern regions in 2004–2018. Children under 15 years of age were most susceptible to scarlet fever. Kindergartens and primary schools should be the focus of prevention and control, and targeted strategies and measures should be taken to reduce the incidence.
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Hussen, Feysal Mohammed, Hassen Abdi Adem, Hirbo Shore Roba, Bezatu Mengistie, and Nega Assefa. "Self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212097414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120974145.
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Background: Self-care practice is the activity that a hypertensive patient undertakes intending to improve their health. Poor self-care practice leads to uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, strategies designed to prevent and control hypertension-related death, disability, and morbidity should consider the level of the patient’s self-care practice and risk factors. This study assessed self-care practice and associated factors among hypertensive patients in public health facilities of Harar Town in eastern Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 randomly selected hypertensive patients from 25 March 2019 to 16 April 2019. Pretested structured questionnaires adapted from validated tools were used to collect data from participants using electronic Open Data Kit software through face-to-face exit interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with self-care practice. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to report association and the significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. Results: Level of good self-care practice was 29.9% (95% confidence interval: 25.3% and 34.7%). Age ⩾ 60 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2 and 9.3), formal education (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3 and 4.2), absence of comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.1), adequate knowledge about hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.5 and 8.8), good social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.6 and 4.7), and being khat abstainer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 and 3.5) were significantly associated with good self-care practice. Conclusion: The prevalence of good self-care practice was low. In this study, good self-care practice was significantly associated with age, formal education, comorbidities, knowledge about hypertension, social support, and current khat chewing condition. Regular check-up and follow-up of patients’ compliance with self-management protocol, and more emphasis should be given to identify factors that potentially impeding patients’ adherence to hypertension self-management protocol.
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Pinthus, Jehonathan H., Bobby Shayegan, Laurence Klotz, D. Robert Siemens, Patrick P. Luke, Tamim Niazi, Vincent Fradet, et al. "The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among prostate cancer patients treated with and without androgen deprivation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.364.
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364 Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of death in prostate cancer (PC) patients, yet the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors have been incompletely described in this population. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a risk factor for CVD. The objective of this study were to describe the CVD characteristics and risk factors in PC patients and the relationship between CVD risk and how ADT is used in real-world practice. Methods: RADICAL-PC (Role of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in CArdiovascular Disease – A Longitudinal Prostate Cancer Study) is an ongoing prospective cohort study. We recruited 2395 consecutive men (mean age 68 years) with newly diagnosed PC or with a plan to prescribe ADT for the first time. Cardiovascular risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores. A Framingham score >17 (corresponding with a predicted 10-year CVD risk of >30%) was considered high-risk. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with ADT use as the outcome variable and CVD risk factors as the exposures of interest. Results: The prevalence of known CVD for the entire cohort was 22% and 35% had a Framingham risk score >17. Most participants (58%) were current or former smokers; 16% had diabetes; 45% had hypertension and 23% had high blood pressure but had not received a diagnosis of hypertension; 31% were obese (BMI ≥30kg/m2); 24% had low levels of physical activity. There was a positive relationship between each major cardiovascular risk factor and the use of ADT. However, after adjustment for age, education, alcohol use, BMI and time from PC diagnosis to eligibility assessment, these associations were significantly attenuated. Participants in whom ADT was planned had higher Framingham risk scores than those not intending to receive ADT. This risk was abolished after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: One in three men with PC is at high cardiovascular risk. Men receiving ADT are a priori at higher CVD risk than PC patients whose treatment strategy does not include ADT. These differences are explained by confounding factors. Clinical trial information: NCT03127631.
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Rodriguez-Cano, Rodrigo Bercovitz. "La responsabilité pour les dommages causés par des produits défectueux dans le Droit Espagnol: l’adaptation à la directive 85/374/CEE." European Review of Private Law 2, Issue 2 (June 1, 1994): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1994024.
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Résumé. L’Espagne n’a pas encore adapté son Droit à la Directive de la Communauté Economique Européenne du 25 juillet 1985, sur la responsabilité civile pour dommages causés par des produits défectueux. Cependant les consommateurs jouissent d’une assez bonne protection à ce propos, grâce à la loi 26/1984, Générale pour la Défense des Consommateurs et Usagers et à la jurisprudence. En février 1993 le Gouvernement a présenté un Projet de Loi à la Chambre des Dépútes pour l’adaptation à cette Directive 85/374 CEE. Il est à prévoir que ce même projet soit présenté dans cette nouvelle législature. D’où l’intérêt d’étudier ce projet, qui limite la responsabilité globale pour les dommages resultant du décts ou de lésions corporelles causées par des articles avec le même défaut (art. 16 de la Directive), exclut les matières premitres et les produits de la chasse et de la pêche qui n’ont subi aucune transformation initiale (art. 2.1 et 15 de la Directive), et inclut les risques du développement (arts. 7.e) et 15 de la Directive) pour les médicaments, aliments ou denrées alimentaires destinés à la consommation humaine. Abstract. Spain has yet to amend its legislation to give effect to the EC Directive of July 25 1985 on products liability. However, consumers enjoy a reasonably good level of protection in this respect, thanks to the Law No. 26/1984, the General Law on the Defence of Consumers and Users, and to the relevant case law. In February 1993, the Government put forward a draft law in the Chamber of Deputies intending to transpose Directive 85/374/EEC into Spain Law. It is to be expected that the same draft will be put before the newly re-elected Parliament. This means that it is important to study this draft, which would restrict the total liability of the producer for loss resulting from death or personal injury caused by products which have the same defect (Article 16 of the Directive), excludes primary materials, game and fishing products which have not undergone initial processing (Articles 2(1) and 15 of the Directive), and includes development risks (Articles 7e and 15 of the Directive) for medicines, food and food products intended for human consumption.
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Huchon, Cyrille, Hocine Drioueche, Martin Koskas, Aubert Agostini, Estelle Bauville, Nicolas Bourdel, Hervé Fernandez, et al. "Operative Hysteroscopy vs Vacuum Aspiration for Incomplete Spontaneous Abortion." JAMA 329, no. 14 (April 11, 2023): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.3415.
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ImportanceVacuum aspiration is commonly used to remove retained products of conception in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion. Scarring of the uterine cavity may occur, potentially impairing future fertility. A procedural alternative, operative hysteroscopy, has gained popularity with a presumption of better future fertility.ObjectiveTo assess the superiority of hysteroscopy to vacuum aspiration for subsequent pregnancy in patients with incomplete spontaneous abortion who intend to have future pregnancy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe HY-PER randomized, controlled, single-blind trial included 574 patients between November 6, 2014, and May 3, 2017, with a 2-year duration of follow-up. This multicenter trial recruited patients in 15 French hospitals. Individuals aged 18 to 44 years and planned for surgery for an incomplete spontaneous abortion with plans to subsequently conceive were randomized in a 1:1 ratio.InterventionsSurgical treatment by hysteroscopy (n = 288) or vacuum aspiration (n = 286).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a pregnancy of at least 22 weeks’ duration during 2-year follow-up.ResultsThe intention-to-treat analyses included 563 women (mean [SD] age, 32.6 [5.4] years). All aspiration procedures were completed. The hysteroscopic procedure could not be completed for 19 patients (7%), 18 of which were converted to vacuum aspiration (8 with inability to completely resect, 7 with insufficient visualization, 2 with anesthetic complications that required a shortened procedure, 1 with equipment failure). One hysteroscopy failed due to a false passage during cervical dilatation. During the 2-year follow-up, 177 patients (62.8%) in the hysteroscopy group and 190 (67.6%) in the vacuum aspiration (control) group achieved the primary outcome (difference, −4.8% [95% CI, −13% to 3.0%]; P = .23). The time-to-event analyses showed no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.71 to 1.07]). Duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly longer for hysteroscopy. Rates of new miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, Clavien-Dindo surgical complications of grade 3 or above (requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention or life-threatening event or death), and reinterventions to remove remaining products of conception did not differ between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceSurgical management by hysteroscopy of incomplete spontaneous abortions in patients intending to conceive again was not associated with more subsequent births or a better safety profile than vacuum aspiration. Moreover, operative hysteroscopy was not feasible in all cases.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02201732
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Al-Duleimy, Mohammed Sami, and Zahir Faisal Al-Esawi. "Preventive Measures to Reduce Transmissible Diseases in Islamic Law." Journal of AlMaarif University College 32, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 118–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v32i4.398.g249.
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Islamic law is concerned with treating infectious diseases by preventing them and limiting their spread, and it has indicated that the primary responsibility rests with the individual, so it obliges him to do everything that would limit the transmission of these epidemics, and the state is also responsible for providing everything that would limit these diseases and prevent their spread Such as imposing quarantine and providing medical and health care to those who have been afflicted by God with these diseases, and there is no doubt that infectious diseases some of them lead to the death of those who are infected with them, as in the Corona pandemic, and it is known that self-preservation is one of the most important objectives of Islamic law. Therefore, preventive measures must be taken into account. It can prevent the transmission of diseases and stop their spread. The jurists and scholars must explain to people the matters of their religion and world so that some of them do not fall into what is forbidden according to Sharia, so that they will be sinned by ignorance and without knowledge. The importance and reasons for choosing this topic comes in light of the spread of epidemics from time to time, the last of which is the Corona pandemic that has spread and afflicted many Muslims and some of them are ignorant of the jurisprudential rulings related to these epidemics such as the rule of non-compliance with the quarantine and the ruling on the transmission of infection intentionally and ignorant, as well as preventive measures Islamic law that limits the spread of these epidemics. Among the results that we reached in our research is that we have proven the transmission of infection, and it is a constant occurrence in our Islamic history and there is no room for denying it, so it is not permissible to deliberately transmit the infectious disease to healthy people and it is one of the major sins that entails God’s punishment in the hereafter and retribution in this world. Ignorance and negligence of wrongdoing without intending there is no sin on him in the hereafter, but he must guarantee what he destroys in this world, because Islamic law has taken a group of them: the dislike of blowing into a bowl, the prohibition of spitting on the ground, and the necessity of purification from the impurity of some animals such as dogs and pigs that transmit diseases to humans Preventing defecation and urination in public resources, and many measures that prevent the transmission of diseases and limit them.
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Owen, Katherine B., Ibinabo Ibiebele, Judy M. Simpson, Rachael L. Morton, Jonathan M. Morris, and Siranda Torvaldsen. "Comparison of costs related to infant hospitalisations for spontaneous, induced and Caesarean births: population-based cohort study." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20237.
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ObjectiveThis study examined hospitalisations and associated in-patient costs for babies during the first year of life following spontaneous labour, compared with labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section, at each gestational age. MethodsBirth data for singleton liveborn babies from 33 weeks gestation in New South Wales from 2005 to 2014 were linked to hospital and death data. Generalised linear models were used to examine the association between the type of labour and the length of hospitalisations and hospital costs. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2014, 598640 women gave birth to 1187451 liveborn singleton babies. The mean total length of hospitalisations and costs of hospitalisations for babies in the first year of life decreased significantly as week of gestational age increased to 39 weeks, then plateaued. Overall, the total length of hospitalisations and hospital costs were significantly (P<0.001) lower for babies born after spontaneous labour (5.6 days and A$8405 respectively) than for babies born following labour induction (6.1 days and A$9452 respectively) or prelabour Caesarean section (8.2 days and A$12320 respectively). ConclusionsBabies born following spontaneous labour spend less time in hospital and have lower hospital costs than those born following labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section. Hospitalisations and costs decrease with each week of gestational age until 39 weeks. What is known about the topic?It is known that induction of labour and prelabour Caesarean sections are increasing, and this increase has changed the distribution of gestational age towards birth at earlier ages. It is also known that babies born before 39 weeks of gestation are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. What does this paper add?This study shows that babies born following spontaneous labour spend the least amount of time in hospital and subsequently have the lowest hospital costs at each week of gestation compared with babies born following labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section. This study also shows a small but significant economic advantage of labour induction compared with prelabour Caesarean delivery. This study quantifies the mean time babies spend in hospital in their first year of life, by week of gestational age and mode of birth. What are the implications for practitioners?The findings from this study can assist clinicians in judicious decision making when balancing the risks and benefits of early planned births. Clinicians can use the results of this study to inform women who are intending to have a planned birth of risks they may not have anticipated, such as the increased risk of rehospitalisation. The finding that hospitalisations and costs continue to decline until 39 weeks gestation can be used to reinforce the importance of continuing the pregnancy beyond 37 weeks if safe to do so, even though 37 weeks is considered term.
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Chakrabarti, Sakti, J. Eva Selfridge, Marie Parish, David L. Bajor, Antony Ruggeri, Sameer Tolay, Madison Conces, et al. "Initial findings from the DREAM-GI national database: Assessing the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NIT) in patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) gastrointestinal (GI) cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2024): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.736.
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736 Background: Patients with dMMR/MSI-H gastrointestinal (GI) cancer occasionally receive neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NIT) due to various clinical considerations. To systematically evaluate the outcome of these patients, we initiated the DREAM-GI national database, intending to harness real-world data to provide crucial insights into the outcomes, safety profile, and response patterns of dMMR/MSI-H GI cancer patients undergoing NIT. Herein, we present the initial findings. Methods: We developed a centralized database to collect de-identified clinical data from patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancers receiving NIT. We collected data retrospectively and prospectively through September 15, 2023. Results: The current report includes 50 patients with a median age of 67 years (range 32 to 90); 21 (42%) were female, 9 (18%) were Black, and the remaining were White. The cohort included the following tumor types- 31 (62%) colorectal, 7 (14%) gastroesophageal, and 12 (24 %) pancreaticobiliary. Most patients had localized disease (34, 68%), while the rest had oligometastatic disease. NIT consisted of pembrolizumab monotherapy in 40 (80%) patients, ipilimumab plus nivolumab in 8 (16%), and nivolumab plus chemotherapy in 2 (4%) patients. Most patients, 33 (66%), were treatment-naive. The median duration of NIT was 6 months (range: 1.5 to 55), with a time to best response of 3 months (range: 1.5 to 12). Among 47 evaluable patients, the best responses were as follows: an overall response rate of 75% (35/47), consisting of radiologic complete response (CR) in 20 (43%), pathologic CR in 4 (9%), and partial response in 11 (24%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached after a median follow-up of 14 months (range: 2-80), calculated from the date of the first immunotherapy dose to the last follow-up or death. Among 24 patients achieving CR, all remained progression-free after a median follow-up of 25.5 months (range: 3-80). Stable and progressive diseases were observed in 7 (15%) and 5 (10%) patients, respectively. Only 5 (10%) patients underwent surgery following NIT, with 4 (80%) achieving pathologic CR. The reasons for not proceeding with surgery were comorbidities in 40 (80%) patients, disease extent in 4 (8%), and patient refusal in 1 (2%). Out of the 12 patients who expired at the data cut-off, 1 was due to immunotherapy-related pneumonitis, 6 due to disease progression, and the remainder from underlying comorbidities. Conclusions: Our study underscores the remarkable response rates and durability of responses achieved with NIT in patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancers. Progression on NIT was infrequent. These real-world data support further investigation into non-operative approaches for patients with dMMR/MSI-H GI cancers.
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Cheri, Lawan. "Perceived Impact of Border Closure due to Covid-19 of Intending Nigerian Migrants." Social Inclusion 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3671.
Full textAbstract:
With few exceptions, the European Council closed Europe for non-citizen travellers on 17 March 2020 because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Many African countries, including Nigeria, have placed travel restrictions on or completely shut their borders to both travellers who want to enter the country and citizens who want to leave. These decisions affect many intending migrants seeking a way to reach Europe. Health and socioeconomic uncertainties related to lockdowns, border closure, and in some cases travel restrictions directly affect the dynamics of decision-making by migrants. This article employs in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to explore the perception of Nigerians who intend to migrate considering the influence of Covid-19. The study focuses on Nigerian migrants but touches on Nigerians in transit who are trapped in Niger en route to Europe through Libya and Morocco. While border closure by most of the sending and receiving countries led to a decrease in the intention of migrants to travel, Covid-19 as a pandemic does not significantly influence migrants’ decisions primarily because of its global presence, merely leading to delays. In conclusion, after border reopening, intercontinental migration is expected to increase in both volume and intensity.
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Sansom, Anna, Rohini Terry, Emily Fletcher, Chris Salisbury, Linda Long, Suzanne H. Richards, Alex Aylward, et al. "Why do GPs leave direct patient care and what might help to retain them? A qualitative study of GPs in South West England." BMJ Open 8, no. 1 (January 2018): e019849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019849.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo identify factors influencing general practitioners' (GPs’) decisions about whether or not to remain in direct patient care in general practice and what might help to retain them in that role.DesignQualitative, in-depth, individual interviews exploring factors related to GPs leaving, remaining in and returning to direct patient care.SettingSouth West England, UK.Participants41 GPs: 7 retired; 8 intending to take early retirement; 11 who were on or intending to take a career break; 9 aged under 50 years who had left or were intending to leave direct patient care and 6 who were not intending to leave or to take a career break. Plus 19 stakeholders from a range of primary care-related professional organisations and roles.ResultsReasons for leaving direct patient care were complex and based on a range of job-related and individual factors. Three key themes underpinned the interviewed GPs’ thinking and rationale: issues relating to their personal and professional identity and the perceived value of general practice-based care within the healthcare system; concerns regarding fear and risk, for example, in respect of medical litigation and managing administrative challenges within the context of increasingly complex care pathways and environments; and issues around choice and volition in respect of personal social, financial, domestic and professional considerations. These themes provide increased understanding of the lived experiences of working in today’s National Health Service for this group of GPs.ConclusionFuture policies and strategies aimed at retaining GPs in direct patient care should clarify the role and expectations of general practice and align with GPs’ perception of their own roles and identity; demonstrate to GPs that they are valued and listened to in planning delivery of the UK healthcare; target GPs’ concerns regarding fear and risk, seeking to reduce these to manageable levels and give GPs viable options to support them to remain in direct patient care.
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de la Vaissière, Etienne. "Inherited Landscapes in Muslim Bactra." Eurasian Studies 16, no. 1-2 (December 7, 2018): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340051.
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AbstractThis article presents recent archaeological discoveries on the Buddhist monasteries, the irrigation system and defence systems of the oasis of Balkh, intending to explore the depth of the gap between these central features of the oasis landscape and the transmitted early Islamic texts describing the site. The Fażāʾil-i Balḫ and the Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam do provide us with some data but the archaeology allows a detailed demonstration of how many parts of the pre-Islamic past were quickly forgotten or reinterpreted in the following centuries.
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Kaartvedt, S., S. Christiansen, and J. Titelman. "Internal waves and fine-scale zooplankton sampling: Comment on Dewar-Fowler et al. (2023)." Marine Ecology Progress Series 734 (April 18, 2024): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps14577.
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Dewar-Fowler et al. (2023; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 715:27-39) report on zooplankton carrying out short-term, unsynchronized migrations—or forays—into the surface layers. They used a motion-compensated zooplankton sampler consisting of an upward- and a downward-facing net. The sampler was deployed at a fixed depth, intending that individuals swimming into the nets are captured. We argue that it is warranted to account for internal waves when using this approach to address vertical swimming in zooplankton with weak swimming capacities.
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Hussin, Rohayati, and Rabitah Harun. "Examining the Legal Procedures of Waqf Implementation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia and Turkey." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, SI13 (September 17, 2023): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8isi13.5036.
Full textAbstract:
Any higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia intending to implement waqf must obtain approval from the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) as the sole trustee of waqf. Meanwhile, in Turkey, the consent of the Directorate General Foundation (DGF) is required to establish a foundation university. The study aims to analyze the legal framework in both countries for waqf implementation in HEIs. This research utilized a doctrinal approach and fieldwork study to gain in-depth data. The findings reveal that waqf implementation in HEIs in both countries is unique and implemented in diverse ways as they adhere to their legal frameworks.