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Yalcinkaya, Fikret. "Towards biomedical intelligent sensors." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285141.
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Potassium, sodium, and calcium are crucial electrolytes of human blood. Among the functions of the electrolytes are maintenance of osmotic pressure and water distribution in the various body fluid compartments, maintenance of the proper pH, regulation of the proper function of the heart and other muscles, involvement in oxidation-reduction or electron transfer reactions, and participation in catalysis as cofactors for enzymes. Therefore, abnormal levels of electrolytes may be either the cause or the consequence of a variety of disorders, and thus the determination of electrolytes in different body fluids in general and in whole human blood particularly is one of the most important functions of the clinical laboratory . Serum or plasma is the usual specimen employed for assay of potassium, sodium, and calcium but not whole human blood. This research intended to create a sensor-array capable of analysing potassium, sodium, and calcium ion-activity in whole human blood based on miniaturised ion-sensors and zero-current direct potentiometry. This research dealt with sensing-side of the sensor-array hoping for integration of these sensors with microelectronics or discrete parts based electronics in due time. Clinics use single electrodes for K+, Na+, and Ca2+ sensing in body fluids. However, single sensing is costly and in emergency cases time consuming as well. Therefore a portable, battery-operated cost- and time-effective sensor array is needed for multi-sensing of r, Na +, and Ca2 + either in emergency cases in field or for patient near bed-side measurement/monitoring. The approach of this thesis to the problem is as follows: This thesis has five phases, all equally important. The first phase, a theoretical phase, mainly deals with the determination of the technique which fits best with chemical sensors and integration with microelectronics, and the decision among many alternative chemicals, whether natural or man-made, available for multi-sensing realisation, by taking into account all the best efforts devoted to development of chemical-sensors. The second phase is the miniaturisation process of the electrochemical sensor-array, either ion-sensors or reference electrode, as much as possible. The third phase is multi-sensing application of the sensorarray for sensing K+, Na+, and ci+ with binary and mixed electrolytes and with artificial and whole human blood respectively, the fourth phase is the sensor-array response with only millilitre or microlitre volumes of whole human blood and the fifth phase is the integration of a sensor array with discrete, parts based, electronic circuitry. So, as a new application a disposable reference electrode has been realised which reasonably fits with the sensor array for the analysis of potassium, sodium, and calcium in whole human blood. Since all the single sensing of these cations have been realised by using a conventional reference electrode, either silver/silver chloride or calomel electrode, which is a bulky and expensive alternative, this research prepared, tested, and implemented a new disposable reference electrode for the sensor-array based on a poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix incorporating a proper amount of Kel. Having a successfully working miniaturised reference electrode, valinomycin, ETH 157, and ETH 1001 ionophores have been used as the selective materials for potassium, sodium, and calcium in whole human blood, respectively. Multisensing applications have only used solutions as testing medium whereas the work described in this thesis goes one step further and uses artificial and whole human blood with fairly reasonable responses.
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Lundman, Pontus. "Sensors for intelligent and reliable components." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-274922.
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One way to tackle the climate change society is facing today is through the change to renewable energy sources, such as wind power. Today, a trend when it comes to technology is that products are evolving into becoming more cyber-physical systems (CPS) by integrating functions realized with mechanics, control and communication. One challenge for CPS is to find cost-effective and reliable sensor solutions. The purpose of this project is to lay the foundations for an intelligent CPS with the help of sensors and condition monitoring methods that, with further development, can reduce the downtime of a wind turbine. Thus, the reliability of the wind turbine and the profitability of its investors increase. The aim of the work is to develop an overall concept for a sensor package with analysis methods that enable real-time diagnosis in the gearbox of a wind turbine. This sensor package should be able to monitor the most common problems that arise in the gearbox and it should also be able to be used as a basis for a possible development of a CPS in the future. The work is based on an information search that enables the creation of a list of requirements. This then forms the basis for concept generation through the use of a function/means tree and concept evaluation through the use of elimination matrix, weight determination matrix and weighted criteria matrix. The work concludes that there are four main types of failures that occur in the gearbox and that should be monitored. These are scuffing, micropitting, propagation of cracks and bearing failure. The final concept uses vibration analysis for monitoring of micropitting, crack propagation and bearing failure, oil analysis for monitoring of scuffing and micropitting and temperature measurement for monitoring of scuffing and bearing failure. For vibration analysis, piezoelectric sensors are used, for oil analysis electromagnetic sensors and for temperature measurement resistance thermometers are used. The work finds that it is appropriate in this day and age to use well-established methods for condition monitoring in the gearbox of wind turbines.Ett sätt att tackla de klimatförändringar samhället står inför idag är genom omställningen till förnybara energikällor, såsom vindkraft. Idag är en trend när det kommer till teknik att produkter utvecklas till att allt mer bli cyberfysiska system (CPS) genom att de integrerar funktioner som realiseras med mekanik, reglering och kommunikation. En utmaning för CPS är att hitta kostnadseffektiva och tillförlitliga sensorlösningar. Syftet med detta projekt är att lägga grunden till ett intelligent CPS med hjälp av sensorer och tillståndsövervakningsmetoder som med vidare utveckling ska kunna minska stilleståndstiden hos ett vindkraftverk. Således ökar tillförlitligheten hos vindkraftverket samt räntabiliteten för investerarna av dessa. Arbetets mål är att utveckla ett övergripande koncept för ett sensorpaket med analysmetoder som möjliggör realtidsdiagnos i växellådan hos ett vindkraftverk. Detta sensorpaket ska kunna övervaka de vanligaste problemen som uppstår i växellådan och ska kunna användas som grund för eventuell utveckling av ett CPS i framtiden. Arbetet grundas i en informationssökning som möjliggör skapandet av en kravspecifikation. Denna ligger sedan till grund för konceptgenerering genom användandet av funktions/medelträd samt konceptutvärdering genom användandet av elimineringsmatris, viktbestämningsmatris samt kriterieviktsmetoden. I arbetet framkommer att det finns fyra huvudsakliga skador som uppkommer i växellådan och som bör övervakas. Dessa är scuffing, mikropitting, sprickpropagering och lagerhaveri. Det slutgiltiga konceptet använder vibrationsanalys för övervakning av mikropitting, sprickpropagering och lagerhaveri, oljeanalys för övervakning av scuffing och mikropitting samt temperaturmätning för övervakning av scuffing och lagerhaveri. Vid vibrationsanalys används piezoelektriska sensorer, vid oljeanalys elektromagnetiska sensorer och för temperaturmätning resistanstermometrar. Arbetet konstaterar att det i dagsläget är lämpligt att använda väletablerade metoder för tillståndsövervakning i växellådan hos vindkraftverk.
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Padmanaban, Haricharan. "Real time implementation of physical intelligent sensors /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240704211&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jonsson, Patrik. "Intelligent networked sensors for increased traffic safety." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14982.
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Our society needs to continuously perform transports of people and goods toensure that business is kept going. Every disturbance in the transportation ofpeople or goods affects the commerce and may result in economical losses forcompanies and society. Severe traffic accidents cause personal tragedies forpeople involved as well as huge costs for the society. Therefore the roadauthorities continuously try to improve the traffic safety. Traffic safety may beimproved by reduced speeds, crash safe cars, tires with better road grip andimproved road maintenance. The environmental effects from roadmaintenance when spreading de-icing chemicals need to be considered, i.e.how much chemicals should be used to maximize traffic safety and minimizethe environmental effects. Knowledge about the current and upcoming roadcondition can improve the road maintenance and hence improve traffic safety.This thesis deals with sensors and models that give information about the roadcondition.The performance and reliability of existing surface mounted sensors wereexamined by laboratory experiments. Further research involved field studies tocollect data used to develop surface status models based on road weather dataand camera images. Field studies have also been performed to find best usageof non intrusive IR technology.The research presented here showed that no single sensor give enoughinformation by itself to safely describe the road condition. However, the resultsindicated that among the traditional road surface mounted sensors only theactive freezing point sensor gave reliable freezing point results. Furtherresearch aimed to find a model that could classify the road condition indifferent road classes from existing road weather sensor data and road images.The result was a model that accurately could distinguish between the roadconditions dry, wet, snowy and icy. These road conditions are clearly dissimilarand are therefore used as the definition of the road classes used in this thesis.Finally, results from research regarding remote sensing IR technology showedthat it significantly improves knowledge of the road temperature and statuscompared to data from surface mounted sensors.Vårt samhälle bygger på att det finns effektiva transporter av människor ochvaror för att säkerställa att samhällets funktioner fungerar och att företagenkan genomföra sina affärer. Störningar i transporterna av människor och varorpåverkar handeln och kan leda till ekonomiska förluster för både företag ochvårt samhälle. Allvarliga trafikolyckor orsakar personliga tragedier för deinblandade samt stora kostnader för samhället. Det är med denna bakgrundsom vägmyndigheterna kontinuerligt arbetar med att förbättratrafiksäkerheten. Trafiksäkerheten kan förbättras genom att minskahastigheterna, se till att bilarna blir krocksäkra, krav på däck med bättreväggrepp och ett bättre vägunderhåll. Miljöeffekterna från vinterväghållningdär avisningsmedel sprids på vägarna måste beaktas, d.v.s. hur mycketkemikalier bör användas för att maximera trafiksäkerheten och minimeramiljöpåverkan. Denna avhandling handlar om sensorer och modeller som gerinformation om väglaget. En kunskap om aktuellt och kommande väglag kanförbättra väghållningen och därmed öka trafiksäkerheten.I avhandlingen har prestanda och tillförlitlighet hos befintliga vägmonteradesensorer granskats i laboratorieexperiment. Data från fältstudier har använtsför att utveckla modeller som kan ge information om vägytans status baseratpå meteorologiska mätdata och kamerabilder. Det har också genomförtsfältstudier för att utforska den fördelaktigaste användningen av beröringsfriinfraröd sensorteknik.Den forskning som presenteras här visar att ingen enskild givare ger tillräckliginformation för att säkert beskriva väglaget. Från de traditionella ytmonteradesensorerna drogs slutsatsen att den aktiva fryspunktsgivaren gav de mesttillförlitliga fryspunktsresultaten. Det vidare arbetet handlade om att hitta enmodell som skulle kunna klassificera vägförhållanden i olika vägklassergenom att utnyttja information från befintliga sensorer och kamerabilder.Detta arbete resulterade i en modell som tillförlitligt kan särskilja väglagentorr, våt, snöig och isig. Dessa väglag är väsentligt olika och har därför valtssom väglagsklasser i denna avhandling. Under en säsong genomfördes ävenfältförsök med beröringsfri infraröd mätteknik där det visade sig att denberöringsfria teknologin förbättrar kunskapen om vägbanans temperatur och vägbanans status.
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Angelikaki, C. "An intelligent sample changer." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234786.
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Bandhil, Pavan. "Physical intelligent sensors for integrated system health management /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136091891&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Oesch, Christopher. "Intelligent sensors with embedded algorithms for ISHM applications /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240704841&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Abbasi, Mohammed Abdul Rahim. "An integrated platform for Physical and Virtual Intelligent Sensors /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559856921&sid=16&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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De, Mel Geeth R. "Intelligent resource selection for sensor-task assignment : a knowledge-based approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215104.
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Today, sensing resources play a crucial role in the success of critical tasks such as border monitoring and surveillance. Although there are various types of resources available, each with different capabilities, only a subset of these resources are useful for a specific task. This is due to the dynamism in tasks' environment and the heterogeneity of the resources. Thus, an effective mechanism to select resources for tasks is needed so that the selected resources cater for the needs of the tasks. Though a considerable amount of research has already been done in different communities to efficiently allocate resources to tasks, we argue that there is little work done to guarantee the effectiveness of the section with respect to the context of operation. In this thesis, we propose a knowledge-based approach in which the context of operation is introduced to the resource selection process. First, we present a formalism to represent a sensor domain. We then introduce sound and complete mechanisms through which effective resource solutions for tasks are discovered. An extension to the representation is then proposed so that the agility in resource selection is increased. Finally, we present an architecture whereby a multitude of such knowledge bases are exposed as services so that a coalition can fully benefit from its networked resources; a query language – and its semantics – to discover appropriate service collections for user requirements are also presented. We have evaluated our work through controlled experiments and critical arguments. Through these evaluations, we have shown that our approach can indeed improve the resource selection process and can augment resource allocation mechanisms. Our approach is general in that, it can be applied in many other domains.
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Sankar, Sandhya. "INTELLIGENT PLACEMENT OF METERS/SENSORS FOR SHIPBOARD POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-09102007-140439/.
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Real time monitoring of the shipboard power system is a complex task to address. Unlike the terrestrial power system, the shipboard power system is a comparatively smaller system but with more complexity in terms of its system operation. This requires the power system to be continuously monitored to detect any type of fluctuations or disturbances. Planning metering systems in the power system of a ship is a challenging task not only due to the dimensionality of the problem, but also due to the need for reducing redundancy while improving network observability and efficient data collection for a reliable state estimation process. This research is geared towards the use of a Genetic Algorithm for intelligent placement of meters in a shipboard system for real time power system monitoring taking into account different system topologies and critical parameters to be measured from the system. The algorithm predicts the type and location of meters for identification and collection of measurements from the system. The algorithm has been tested with several system topologies.
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McCain, Amy Jean. "Shaped actuators and sensors for local control of intelligent structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46445.
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Papangelis, Angelos, and Georgios Kyriakou. "Natural Language Understanding for Multi-Level Distributed Intelligent Virtual Sensors." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41845.
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In our thesis we explore the Automatic Question/Answer Generation (AQAG) and the application of Machine Learning (ML) in natural language queries. Initially we create a collection of question/answer tuples conceptually based on processing received data from (virtual) sensors placed in a smart city. Subsequently we train a Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) model on the generated dataset and evaluate the accuracy we can achieve in answering those questions. This will help in turn to address the problem of automatic sensor composition based on natural language queries. To this end, the contribution of this thesis is two-fold: on one hand we are providing anautomatic procedure for dataset construction, based on natural language question templates, and on the other hand we apply a ML approach that establishes the correlation between the natural language queries and their virtual sensor representation, via their functional representation. We consider virtual sensors to be entities as described by Mihailescu et al, where they provide an interface constructed with certain properties in mind. We use those sensors for our application domain of a smart city environment, thus constructing our dataset around questions relevant to it.
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Pendlebury, Martin. "Sensors, pipelines, and intelligent decision making, progress of the SmartPipe project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq40924.pdf.
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Gao, Jason Hao. "Intelligent transportation systems leveraging next-generation mobile devices, sensors, and networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107332.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 122-137).
Urban transportation is becoming increasingly intelligent and connected, with the potential for high societal, economic, and environmental impact as it changes the way we work and live in cities. Mobile apps today already provide navigation, transit prediction, mobility-on-demand, and other transportation services. Other urban transportation challenges, such as managing traffic congestion with high granularity and wide coverage, accessing real-time transportation and city information on-the-go, and deploying driver-less vehicles at scale, are still difficult to address pervasively because existing approaches require costly and slow-to-deploy infrastructure. Our goal is to leverage the technological and marketplace forces of the mobile revolution to build and rapidly deploy pervasive, widespread, infrastructure-less intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that can address the needs of future smart cities. This thesis presents fully-integrated hardware and software systems with working, phone-based prototype deployments in cities. By focusing on pushing new technologies into the device rather than infrastructure, we can realize future ITS for smart cities more rapidly. Together, these systems enable a foundation for resilient, next-generation ITS apps that blur the line between city and software. In the first part of this thesis, we observe the trend of increasingly diverse and varied wireless communications interfaces available on mobile phones, and design and build a prototype of an 802.11p radio that is suited for the power and size constraints mobile devices, allowing them to communicate directly with each other without routing through a router or cellular network. Our evaluation shows reductions in power consumption of 47-56% compared to an off-the-shelf 802.11p radio, and a significantly reduced system footprint, showing that 802.11p can be integrated as a future wireless communications interface on mobile devices. We then propose and design a future ITS application that leverages device-to-device (D2D) communications to enable highly granular, widespread traffic management in cities: RoadRunner. We evaluate RoadRunner with both simulation studies and an experimental deployment on real vehicles to show that it achieves fine-grained traffic management and reduces traffic congestion, while eliminating the need for the costly and coarse-grained infrastructure of existing traffic management systems. In the second part of this thesis, we observe that mobile computing performance is improving rapidly, and propose that future ITS can eschew the traditional client-server approach and instead leverage the heavy-duty computation and D2D communications on the devices to improve user experience. We propose and design a suitable programming model and framework that seamlessly ties together device-centric computation and communications, allowing mobile app develops to easily develop applications in this proposed paradigm. We build and evaluate this programming framework, DIPLOMA, and an example ITS application on top of it, and demonstrate order-of-magnitude improvements in responsiveness/latency and reduced dependence on infrastructure-centric cellular networking. In the final part of this thesis, we observe that mobile sensing is evolving rapidly and incorporating different sensing modalities. We propose that future ITS can use new sensors, such as laser distance sensors, by leveraging heavy-duty mobile computing performance, and design a low-cost laser distance sensor on a mobile phone. We build and evaluate our laser distance sensor in real-world conditions and on autonomous vehicles, and show that our prototype achieves performance suitable for collision avoidance for driver-less vehicles operating at up to 15-18 km/h, costs a fraction of the cost of other comparable laser distance sensors, and straightforwardly leverages improvements in mobile computing performance.
by Jason Hao Gao.
Ph. D.
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Andersson, Mark Sven-Erik. "Spatially filtering strain sensors for structural shape estimation of intelligent structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49899.
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Suzuki, Takeharu, and n/a. "Integrated, Intelligent Sensor Fabrication Strategies for Environmental Monitoring." Griffith University. School of Microelectronic Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040813.131206.
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The humidity, temperature, wind speed/direction micro sensors can be manufactured individually, resulting in three individual substrates. The integration of the three sensors into a single substrate is a vital challenge to achieve an integrated intelligent sensor so called a multiple sensor. This requires the integration of process flows and is a major challenge because adequate sensor performance must be maintained. Polyimide was selected as a humidity sensing material for its compatibility with conventional integrated circuit fabrication technology, negligible temperature dependence and good resistance against contamination. Nickel was selected for the temperature and wind speed/direction sensor because of its useful temperature coefficient and the advantage of its cost. Since the known wet etchant for nickel requires hard-baked photoresist, a method which does not attack the polyimide while removing the photoresist must be developed. The method developed for etching nickel employs hard-bake-free photoresist. Other challenge was ensuring good thermal isolation for the wind speed/direction sensor fabricated on a silicon nitride layer preformed on top of a silicon wafer. Since silicon acts as a good heat sink, the silicon under the sensor was etched entirely away until the silicon nitride layer was reached. This structure achieved good thermal isolation resulting in small power consumption. This low power feature is essential for sensors deployed in fields where power access or replacement of power sources is restricted. This structure was compared with the structure created by polyimide plateau on a silicon nitride layer coated on a silicon substrate as a function of power consumption. Based on the examination of thermal isolation, the multiple sensor utilizing a MEMS technique was fabricated with a single-sided mask aligner. The characteristics of humidity sensors fabricated with polyimide were examined in detail with respect to variations of electrode structures, improvement of sensitivity, effect of process temperature, temperature and frequency dependence, and stability. The humidity sensor constructed with O2 plasma treated polyimide resulted an improvement in sensitivity and hysteresis. The investigation using XPS, FTIR and AFM concluded the chemical modification of polyimide played an important role in this improvement. The design, fabrication and results of a series of humidity sensors are quantified. There is always no unique packaging solution for sensors because of the application-specific nature of the sensors. This intelligent environmental monitoring system was designed to accommodate both an environmental sensor and its signal conditioning electronics circuitry (SICONEC) into a single package. The environmental sensors need direct exposure to the environment while SICONEC needs a sealed encapsulation to avoid environmental damage. A new style of packaging addressing these requirements was demonstrated using a hot embossing machine. The hot embossing machine was used to embed an integrated circuit (IC) in a bare die condition into a polycarbonate (PC) sheet. In this case, the IC was flipped down against the PC, which protects the front side of the IC from the environmental damages. In a test phase, a die containing operational amplifiers was embossed into the PC. A humidity sensor and surface mount resisters were placed on the same surface of the PC to test the validity of this new technique. Interconnection between the embossed die and the humidity sensor was established using bonding wires. Copper tracks were also used to ensure all electrical connections for the die, the humidity sensor and the resistors. The results clarified the method developed. Details of process methods, issues and further potential improvement are reported.
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Suzuki, Takeharu. "Integrated, Intelligent Sensor Fabrication Strategies for Environmental Monitoring." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367295.
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The humidity, temperature, wind speed/direction micro sensors can be manufactured individually, resulting in three individual substrates. The integration of the three sensors into a single substrate is a vital challenge to achieve an integrated intelligent sensor so called a multiple sensor. This requires the integration of process flows and is a major challenge because adequate sensor performance must be maintained. Polyimide was selected as a humidity sensing material for its compatibility with conventional integrated circuit fabrication technology, negligible temperature dependence and good resistance against contamination. Nickel was selected for the temperature and wind speed/direction sensor because of its useful temperature coefficient and the advantage of its cost. Since the known wet etchant for nickel requires hard-baked photoresist, a method which does not attack the polyimide while removing the photoresist must be developed. The method developed for etching nickel employs hard-bake-free photoresist. Other challenge was ensuring good thermal isolation for the wind speed/direction sensor fabricated on a silicon nitride layer preformed on top of a silicon wafer. Since silicon acts as a good heat sink, the silicon under the sensor was etched entirely away until the silicon nitride layer was reached. This structure achieved good thermal isolation resulting in small power consumption. This low power feature is essential for sensors deployed in fields where power access or replacement of power sources is restricted. This structure was compared with the structure created by polyimide plateau on a silicon nitride layer coated on a silicon substrate as a function of power consumption. Based on the examination of thermal isolation, the multiple sensor utilizing a MEMS technique was fabricated with a single-sided mask aligner. The characteristics of humidity sensors fabricated with polyimide were examined in detail with respect to variations of electrode structures, improvement of sensitivity, effect of process temperature, temperature and frequency dependence, and stability. The humidity sensor constructed with O2 plasma treated polyimide resulted an improvement in sensitivity and hysteresis. The investigation using XPS, FTIR and AFMconcluded the chemical modification of polyimide played an important role in this improvement. The design, fabrication and results of a series of humidity sensors are quantified. There is always no unique packaging solution for sensors because of the application-specific nature of the sensors. This intelligent environmental monitoring system was designed to accommodate both an environmental sensor and its signal conditioning electronics circuitry (SICONEC) into a single package. The environmental sensors need direct exposure to the environment while SICONEC needs a sealed encapsulation to avoid environmental damage. A new style of packaging addressing these requirements was demonstrated using a hot embossing machine. The hot embossing machine was used to embed an integrated circuit (IC) in a bare die condition into a polycarbonate (PC) sheet. In this case, the IC was flipped down against the PC, which protects the front side of the IC from the environmental damages. In a test phase, a die containing operational amplifiers was embossed into the PC. A humidity sensor and surface mount resisters were placed on the same surface of the PC to test the validity of this new technique. Interconnection between the embossed die and the humidity sensor was established using bonding wires. Copper tracks were also used to ensure all electrical connections for the die, the humidity sensor and the resistors. The results clarified the method developed. Details of process methods, issues and further potential improvement are reported.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Microelectronic Engineering
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Boudabous, Safa. "Vehicular traffic analysis based on Bluetooth sensors traces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT036.
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L’essor rapide des véhicules connectés dans le marché de l’industrie automobile a suscité l’intérêt de la communauté scientifique pour étudier de plus près la possibilité d’exploiter les traces de communication pour améliorer les systèmes de gestion de trafic. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’utilisation des données issues de capteurs Bluetooth à balayage passif. Ces capteurs représentent une alternative à faible coût et à faible impact pour la collecte de mesures concernant le trafic véhiculaire et sont adaptés à un déploiement dense à large échelle à savoir dans un milieu urbain. En revanche, le processus de détection des capteurs Bluetooth est susceptible d'introduire du biais et des incertitudes dans le calcul des indicateurs relatifs au trafic véhiculaire. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’amélioration de la précision des mesures de trafic dérivées: le flux de trafic et la vitesse de déplacement. La première partie de notre thèse porte sur la quantification de flux de trafic véhiculaire à partir des données Bluetooth. Nous adoptons une approche orientée données en se basant sur les modèles d’apprentissage statistiques. D'abord, nous considérons le problème d'estimation du flux de trafic au niveau d'un seul capteur puis à l'échelle d'un réseau de capteurs. Nous introduisons également le problème de transfert d'apprentissage nécessaire pour limiter le besoin d’acquisition de données d’apprentissage labellisées à chaque déploiement. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous concentrons sur le problème de l’estimation de vitesse moyenne de déplacement. Nous proposons un algorithme qui explore les données collectées sur la qualité de signal reçu pour améliorer le processus d’appariement et pondérer les contributions des vitesses des véhicules dans le calcul de la vitesse moyenne. Une autre partie des travaux de thèse a été dédiée à la définition et l’implémentation d’un framework de simulation de balayage Bluetooth pour des applications véhiculaires. Le simulateur est utilisé pour analyser et identifier les facteurs impactant la capacité des capteurs de détecter les appareils Bluetooth actifs dans son voisinage mais aussi pour complémenter les données des expérimentations par la génération de datasets d’apprentissage synthétiquesThe pervasiveness of personal radio devices and the high penetration rate of these technologies in vehicles have, in recent years, made a strong case for the development of new traffic measurement techniques based on the analysis of the radio access network activity levels. In this thesis, we explore the use of sensor data gathered through Bluetooth (BT) passive scanning. Bluetooth sensors provide a cost-effective, low-impact and easy to deploy alternative to conventional techniques. They are adapted for mass deployment in urban areas at relatively low investment and maintenance costs. However, the BT indirect detection process may introduce bias and uncertainties that hinder the accuracy of the derived vehicular traffic metrics. In this context, we investigate the capacity to use Bluetooth sensors as a reliable sole data source for intelligent traffic systems in urban areas. Our work focuses on improving the accuracy of the obtained estimations of the traffic flow and the travel speed. The first part of this work concerns the task of vehicular traffic flow quantification from Bluetooth sensor data. We adopted a data-driven approach relying on statistical and machine learning models. We first considered traffic flow estimation in one sensing pose. Then, we proposed a model for network-scale flow estimation. In this contribution, we also introduced the transfer learning problem required to limit the need to acquire labelled training data for each new deployment. In the second part, we focus on the task of estimating the average travel speed. We propose an algorithm that uses the collected data about the quality of the received signal to improve the matching process and weigh individual vehicle speed contributions in calculating the average speed. During this work, we also developed a simulation framework of BT scanning for vehicular traffic monitoring. The simulator allows us to study and identify the factors impacting the probability, for one sensor, of detecting an active BT connection in its detection range and generate synthetic training datasets to handle data scarcity
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Mantoro, Teddy, and teddy mantoro@anu edu au. "Distributed Support for Intelligent Environments." The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070123.150814.
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This thesis describes research on methods for Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing to better
suit users in an Intelligent Environment. The approach is to create and equip a computing
environment, such as our Active Office, with technologies that can identify user needs
and meet these need in a timely, efficient and unobtrusive manner.¶
The critical issues in the Intelligent Environment are how to enable transparent,
distributed computing to allow continued operation across changing circumstances and
how to exploit the changing environment so that it is aware of the context of user
location, the collection of nearby people and objects, accessible devices and changes to
those objects over time.¶
Since the Intelligent Environment is an environment with rapid and rich computing
processing, the distributed context processing architecture (DiCPA) was developed to
manage and respond to rapidly changing aggregation of sensor data. This architecture is a
scalable distributed context processing architecture that provides: 1. continued operation
across changing circumstances for users, 2. the collection of nearby people and objects, 3.
accessible devices and 4. the changes to those objects over time in the environment. The
DiCPA approach focuses on how the Intelligent Environment provides context
information for user location, user mobility and the user activity model. Users are
assumed mobile within the Intelligent Environment and can rapidly change their access to
relevant information and the availability of communications and computational resources.¶
Context-Aware Computing is a new approach in software engineering for Intelligent
Environment. It is an approach in the design and construction of a context-aware
application that exploits rapid changes in access to relevant information and the
availability of communication and computing resources in the mobile computing
environment. The goal of Context-Aware Computing is to make user interaction with the
computer easier in the smart environment where technology is spread throughout
(pervasive), computers are everywhere at the same time (ubiquitous) and technology is
embedded (ambient) in the environment. Context-aware applications need not be
difficult, tedious or require the acquisition of new skills on the part of the user. They
should be safe, easy, simple to use and should enable new functionality without the need
to learn new technology. They should provide relevant information and a simple way for
a user to manage.¶
The Intelligent Environment requires a context-aware application to improve its
efficiency and to increase productivity and enjoyment for the user. The context awareness
mechanism has four fundamental cores i.e. identity (who), activity (what), location
(where) and timestamp (when). Based on DiCPA architecture, the model of user location
(where), user mobility (where), user activity (what) and Intelligent Environment response
(what) were developed. Prototypes were also developed to proof the Context-Aware
Computing concept in the Intelligent Environment.¶
An Intelligent Environment uses the multi-disciplinary area of Context-Aware
Computing, which combines technology, computer systems, models and reasoning, social
aspects, and user support. A good quality project for Context-Aware Computing
requires core content and provides iterative evaluation processes, which has two types of
iteration: design and product iteration of the evaluation. The aim of the development of
an evaluation program in Context-Aware Computing is to determine what to test, how to
test and the appropriate metrics to use. This work presents the metrics for a good quality
project in the Context-Aware Computing area, which is followed by the evaluation of the
prototypes of this work.
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Oliveira, Alex Lopes de. "Instrumentação inteligente via web services." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-13122006-150545/.
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Neste trabalho é apresentado um sistema de instrumentação inteligente integrado com a arquitetura Web Services e desenvolvido em conformidade com as diretrizes estabelecidas na norma IEEE 1451.1. O protocolo de transmissão de dados do sistema é associado ao conceito das especificações dos transdutores e a um Web Service que permita a configuração remota do sistema de aquisição de dados. Através de uma interface de supervisão remota, acessível via Internet a partir de qualquer navegador, o usuário é capaz de identificar quais são os sensores inteligentes que estão conectados em uma rede, através de uma identificação única associada às suas características (tipo, formatação dos dados, etc.). Nesta mesma interface de apresentação o usuário tem a liberdade de selecionar o número de sensores que deseja ativar para efetuar algum monitoramento. Após a seleção dos sensores é disponibilizada uma interface de monitoramento que permite a visualização dos dados através de um gráfico bem como permite ao usuário salvar em um arquivo texto os dados coletados. Na mesma interface de monitoramento é disponibilizado o Web Service que permite alterar o intervalo de coleta de dados. Um conjunto de computadores em uma rede local (Intranet) simula a rede de sensores inteligentes. Nesta mesma rede está conectado o servidor responsável pela disponibilização da interface de supervisão remota.In this work is presented the integration of an established system of intelligent instrumentation with the Web Service?s architecture, in accordance with the IEEE 1451.1 standard. It is suggested the association of a data-communication protocol with the concept of Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) to a Web Service for making possible the remote configuration of a data acquisition system. Through a remote supervisor interface, accessible via Internet from any browser, the user can, at the first moment, identify which are the smart sensors connected in a network, using an unique identification associated to its characteristics (type, data formatting, etc.). In the same graphical interface the user can choose which sensors wants to monitor and, after the selection, will have available the monitoring interface that enables data visualization through a graph and allows the user to save the collected data in a text file. In the same monitoring interface the Web Service is also available; it admits modifications on the data collection interval. A group of computers in a local network (Intranet) simulates the smart sensors network. In the same network is connected a server responsible for supplying the remote supervisor interface.
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Almutairi, Fajhan Hilal Hamad. "Fibre optic distributed temperature sensors applications and temperature modelling in intelligent wells environments." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/63.
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Taner, Ali Haldun. "Self-test and auto calibration in intelligent sensors : design aids for reconfigurable ASICs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242269.
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Hiromi, Itaru. "Hybrid intensity and time-of-flight signal processing techniques for intelligent distance sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85809.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 155).
With the advent of "smart" consumer electronics, distance sensing is an increasingly important field in optical sensing. A novel approach to active infrared(IR) 1D distance sensing is proposed, employing both intensity and time-of-flight information. Conventional intensity based sensors lack in distance accuracy, and conventional time-of- flight sensors suffer from crosstalk and backscatter issues. The purpose of this work is to explore the solution space to these issues that hybrid intensity/time-of-flight systems enable, and to investigate their characteristics. Optical behavior of time-of-flight and intensity of an active IR system is analyzed, and a comprehensive reflection model is created. This model is then applied to describe discrete objects, and a parameterized object model is developed. Techniques such as the use of differentiated signals, least square estimation, and optimization algorithms are introduced and applied to the object model. A range of techniques based on specific use cases are developed, and their capabilities and limitations are discussed. Results show that in a limited set of conditions, combining time-of-flight and intensity information can allow the extraction of distance in conditions that are typically unfavorable for conventional methods, such as high crosstalk or high backscatter environments. Used in the right conditions, these techniques can gain immunity to these sources of error, at the cost of higher computational complexity.
by Itaru Hiromi.
M. Eng.
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Parhad, Ashutosh. "Energy scavenging using piezoelectric sensors to power in pavement intelligent vehicle detection systems." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603752.
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Intelligent transportation systems use in-pavement inductive loop sensors to collect real time traffic data. This method is very expensive in terms of installation and maintenance. Our research is focused on developing advanced algorithms capable of generating high amounts of energy that can charge a battery. This electromechanical energy conversion is an optimal way of energy scavenging that makes use of piezoelectric sensors. The power generated is sufficient to run the vehicle detection module that has several sensors embedded together. To achieve these goals, we have developed a simulation module using software’s like LabVIEW and Multisim. The simulation module recreates a practical scenario that takes into consideration vehicle weight, speed, wheel width and frequency of the traffic.
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Alsop, Peter. "The self-validating process actuator." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308676.
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Graumann, Jean-Marc. "Intelligent optical methods in image analysis for human detection." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7892.
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This thesis introduces the concept of a person recognition system for use on an integrated autonomous surveillance camera. Developed to enable generic surveillance tasks without the need for complex setup procedures nor operator assistance, this is achieved through the novel use of a simple dynamic noise reduction and object detection algorithm requiring no previous knowledge of the installation environment and without any need to train the system to its installation. The combination of this initial processing stage with a novel hybrid neural network structure composed of a SOM mapper and an MLP classifier using a combination of common and individual input data lines has enabled the development of a reliable detection process, capable of dealing with both noisy environments and partial occlusion of valid targets. With a final correct classification rate of 94% on a single image analysis, this provides a huge step forwards as compared to the reported 97% failure rate of standard camera surveillance systems.
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Monsky, Anneke [Verfasser]. "Understanding interferometric drag-free sensors in space using intelligent data analysis tools / Anneke Monsky." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008374849/34.
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Esbrand, C. "Feature analysis methods for intelligent breast imaging parameter optimisation using CMOS active pixel sensors." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19200/.
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This thesis explores the concept of real time imaging parameter optimisation in digital mammography using statistical information extracted from the breast during a scan. Transmission and Energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (EDXRD) imaging were the two very different imaging modalities investigated. An attempt to determine if either could be used in a real time imaging system enabling differentiation between healthy and suspicious tissue regions was made. This would consequently enable local regions (potentially cancerous regions) within the breast to be imaged using optimised imaging parameters. The performance of possible statistical feature functions that could be used as information extraction tools were investigated using low exposure breast tissue images. The images were divided into eight regions of interest, seven regions corresponding to suspicious tissue regions marked by a radiologist, where the final region was obtained from a location in the breast consisting solely of healthy tissue. Results obtained from this investigation showed that a minimum of 82% of the suspicious tissue regions were highlighted in all images, whilst the total exposure incident on the sample was reduced in all instances. Three out of the seven (42%) intelligent images resulted in an increased contrast to noise ratio (CNR) compared to the conventionally produced transmission images. Three intelligent images were of similar diagnostic quality to their conventional counter parts whilst one was considerably lower. EDXRD measurements were made on breast tissue samples containing potentially cancerous tissue regions. As the technique is known to be able to distinguish between breast tissue types, diffraction signals were used to produce images corresponding to three suspicious tissue regions consequently enabling pixel intensities within the images to be analysed. A minimum of approximately 70% of the suspicious tissue regions were highlighted in each image, with at least 50% of each image remaining unsuspicious, hence was imaged with a reduced incident exposure.
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Hasir, Ibrahim. "The Effect of Mobility on Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699868/.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained attention in recent years with the proliferation of the micro-electro-mechanical systems, which has led to the development of smart sensors. Smart sensors has brought WSNs under the spotlight and has created numerous different areas of research such as; energy consumption, convergence, network structures, deployment methods, time delay, and communication protocols. Convergence rates associated with information propagations of the networks will be questioned in this thesis. Mobility is an expensive process in terms of the associated energy costs. In a sensor network, mobility has significant overhead in terms of closing old connections and creating new connections as mobile sensor nodes move from one location to another. Despite these drawbacks, mobility helps a sensor network reach an agreement more quickly. Adding few mobile nodes to an otherwise static network will significantly improve the network’s ability to reach consensus. This paper shows the effect of the mobility on convergence rate of the wireless sensor networks, through Eigenvalue analysis, modeling and simulation.
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Armstrong, Elizabeth Gene. "Investigation Into Use of Piezoelectric Sensors in a Wheeled Robot Tire For Surface Characterization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51146.
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A differential steered, 13.6 kg robot was developed as an intelligent tire testing system and was used to investigate the potential of using piezoelectric film sensors in small tube-type pneumatic tires to characterize tire-ground interaction.One focus of recent research in the tire industry has been on instrumenting tires with sensors to monitor the tire, vehicle, or external environment. On small robots, tire sensors that measure the forces and deflections in the contact patch could be used to improve energy efficiency and/or mobility during a mission.
The robot was assembled from a SuperDroid Robots kit and instrumented with low-cost piezoelectric film sensors from Measurement Specialties between the inner tube and the tire. An unlaminated and a laminated sensor were placed circumferentially along the tread and an unlaminated sensor was placed along the sidewall. A slip ring transferred the signals from the tire to the robot. There, the signal conditioning circuit extended the time constant of the sensors and filtered electromagnetic interference. The robot was tested with a controlled power sequence carried out on polished cement, ice, and sand at three power levels, two payload levels, and with two tire sizes.
The results suggest that the sensors were capable of detecting normal pressure, deflection, and/or longitudinal strain. Added payload increased the amplitude of the signals for all sensors. On the smaller tires, sensors generally recorded a smaller, wider signal on sand compared to cement, indicating the potential to detect contact patch pressure and length. The signals recorded by the unlaminated sensor along the tread of the smaller tire were lower on ice compared to cement, indicating possible sensitivity to tractive force. Results were less consistent for the larger tires, possibly due to the large tread pattern.
Master of Science
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PINARDI, STEFANO. "Movements recognition with intelligent multisensor analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19297.
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In movement science with inertial sensor many different methodologies resolving specific aspects of movement recognition have been proposed. They are very interesting, and useful, but none of them are generally explicative of what is going on in the semantic sense. When we go down to the movement recognition/classification area (for example in Ambient Intelligence) we do not have a feasible model that can be considered generally predictive or usable for activity recognition.
Also, in the field of movement recognition with inertial sensors many technological issues arise: technological diversity, calibration matters, sensor model problems, orientation and position of sensors, and a lot of numerous specificities that, with all the above aspects, and the lack of public dataset of movements sufficiently generic and semantically rich, contribute to create a strong barrier to any approach to a classification matters with wearable sensors.
We have also to notice that a movement is a phenomenon explicitly or implicitly (voluntary or involuntary) controlled by brain. The individual free-will introduce a further matter when we want to temporary predict the movements looking at the close past. Pattern can change at any time when ambient, psychological context, age of the subject change. Also, pathological issues, and physiological differences and the will of the subject, introduce important differences. For all these reasons I considered that a semantical /lexical approach to movement recognition with sensors, driven by machine learning techniques could be a promising way to solve some of these challenge and problems.
In this Ph.D. Thesis wearable inertial sensors has been used to classify movements, the choice of inertial sensors has been driven by technological and practical advantages, they are cheap, lightweight, and - differently from video cameras - are not prone to the hidden face, or luminance problems. The main idea is to use inertial sensor to understand what a person is doing for ambient-intelligent, healthcare, medical-sport applications. My principal concerns was to propose a method that was not centered on technology issues but on data analysis, that could be a general framework and could also create a general representation of movement,that could be useful also in other area of research, like reasoning. Inertial sensors are treated just as an example, a particular type of sensors, the method is new, reusable, algorithmically simple, net and easy to understand. Accuracy is very high outperforming the best results given in literature, reducing the error rate of 4 times.
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Rallis, Ilias. "Intelligent chromatic fibre optic sensors and monitoring systems for enhancing useful by-products from anaerobic digestion." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417968.
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Cuny, Fabien. "Synthèse d'observateurs et développement de capteurs intelligents pour la maintenance prédictive." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC212.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la disposition CIFRE entre la société Robert Bosch et l’Université de Caen Normandie au sein du laboratoire GREYC puis LAC. Elle comprend deux volets, l'un étant à caractère fondamental et porte sur la synthèse d'observateurs. Quant à l'autre volet, il est à caractère plus appliqué et porte sur la mise en œuvre d’un réseau de capteurs et assurer l’acheminement des informations provenant de ces derniers. Ce dernier est effectué au moyen du réseau, qu’il soit câblé ou sans fil.Dans le premier volet de l'étude, on s'est intéressé à une classe assez générale de systèmes temps-variant et affines en l'état, dont la sortie est mesurée avec un retard et échantillonnée. La nouveauté dans cette classe de systèmes est double :(i) l'équation d'état est sujette à une injection du signal de sortie et se retrouve de ce fait dépendante des sorties futures qui sont indisponibles;(ii) les sorties futures interviennent, au niveau de l'équation d'état, non seulement sous la forme usuelle d'une fonction indépendante de l'état, mais aussi à travers la matrice d'état ellemême qui, de ce fait, apparaît comme une quantité inconnue du modèle.Ces deux nouveautés du modèle entrainent en fait la perte du caractère « affine en l'état » de ce dernier et font que l'on se retrouve confronté à un problème de synthèse d'observateurs jamais résolu antérieurement. La solution que nous proposons est un observateur de type « Filtre de Kalman » augmenté d'un prédicteur inter-échantillons et d'opérateurs de saturations. Nous analysons la stabilité exponentielle du système d'erreur d'estimation d'état en utilisant le théorème du petit gain et des outils de la stabilité de Lyapunov. L'analyse met en évidence l'existence d'intervalles d'admissibilité dans lesquels doivent se situer les valeurs admissibles du retard et de la période d'échantillonnage, afin de garantir la convergence exponentielle de l'observateur.Dans le deuxième volet, nous nous intéressons à la maintenance prédictive au travers d’applications pratiques via la mise en place d’un réseau de capteurs. Le but de ce réseau est d’effectuer de la maintenance prédictive sur les équipements sensibles. Ce dernier est un composant essentiel à la mise en œuvre d’applications IoT et Industrie 4.0.Des applications de l’IoT et de l’Industrie 4.0 sur le site Robert Bosch de Mondeville sont évoqués ainsi que le développement d’un simulateur de perturbations réseau afin de tester la robustesse de la communication d’un capteur vers un clientThis thesis is part of the CIFRE agreement between the company Robert Bosch and the University of Caen Normandy in the laboratory GREYC then LAC. It consists of two parts, one which is of a fundamental nature and concerns the synthesis of observers. For the other part, it is more applied and concerns the implementation of a sensors network and ensure the routing of information from them. This is done through the network, whether wired or wireless.In the first part of the study, we looked at a fairly general class of time-varying and affine systems as they are, whose output is measured with a delay and sampled. The novelty in this class of systems is twofold:(i) the state equation is subject to an output signal injection and is therefore dependent on future outputs that are unavailable;(ii) future outputs occur at the state equation not only in the usual form of a stateindependent function, but also through the state matrix itself, which fact, appears as an unknown quantity of the model.These two novelties of the model cause in fact the loss of the "affine in the state" character of this last one, and make that one is confronted with a synthesis problem of observers never resolved previously. The solution we propose is a "Kalman filter" type observer augmented by an inter-sample predictor and saturation operators. We analyze the exponential stability of the state estimation error system by using the small gain theorem and tools of Lyapunov stability. The analysis highlights the existence of eligibility intervals in which the allowable values of the delay and the sampling period must be located in order to ensure the exponential convergence of the observer.In the second part, we are interested in predictive maintenance through practical applications via the installation of a sensor network. The purpose of this network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications.The purpose of this sensor network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications. Moreover, an observer of sampled data for affine systems in the state with output injection was studied on the basis of observers.Applications of IoT and Industry 4.0 on the Robert Bosch site in Mondeville are discussed as well as the development of a network disturbance simulator to stress the robustness of the communication of a sensor to a client
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Zhao, Xin. "Development of an intelligent garment integrating physiological sensors and a decision making system : applied to the online human well-being monitoring." Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSPI/2020/2020LILUI076.pdf.
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Les mouvements fœtaux sont un indicateur significatif de l'état de santé du fœtus. La diminution ou l'arrêt des mouvements du fœtus perçus par la mère peuvent être des signes précurseurs que le développement fœtal nécessite une surveillance accrue. En pratique, la perception maternelle de la diminution des mouvements fœtaux aide à déterminer le moment optimal pour l'accouchement, surtout dans les cas de grossesses à risque. Cependant, le dénombrement des mouvements fœtaux par la mère souffre d'imprécision et de subjectivité en raison des habitudes, des activités et des périodes de veille et de repos de chaque mère. Cela conduit généralement à une inquiétude et une anxiété inutiles pour la mère. A contrario, la technologie basée sur l'échographie peut être utilisée pour une surveillance précise et fiable des mouvements du fœtus. Cependant, des inquiétudes ont été exprimées dans la littérature concernant l'exposition prolongée et intense aux ultrasons, ce qui pourrait avoir des effets négatifs. En outre, leur usage nécessite un environnement en milieu hospitalier, parfois éloigné du cadre de vie, une immobilisation de la mère et des personnels formés pour la manipulation.Dans cette étude, nous présentons un nouveau vêtement intelligent pour la surveillance en ligne des mouvements du fœtus. Le système proposé est principalement composé de : 1) un vêtement soigneusement conçu pour améliorer le confort de la femme enceinte et garantir la qualité des signaux acquis, 2) un réseau de capteurs avec un système embarqué et communicant intégrés à des emplacements judicieux sur le vêtement et 3) une application mobile connecté au vêtement et faisant le lien avec le cloud auprès de professionnels de santé permettant à la mère de transmettre et visualiser en retour les informations importantes liées à la santé du fœtus. Ces travaux mettent en avant le développement d'outils algorithmiques d'aide à la décision locale pour un comptage en ligne et fiable des mouvements du fœtus basé sur les données des capteurs. Le système conçu et embarqué est connecté à distance à un système expert sur une plateforme de cloud computing avec lequel les cliniciens sont en mesure de poser un diagnostic avancé. Distincts des solutions portables existantes, le vêtement intelligent proposé dans cette étude prend pleinement en compte les problèmes liés à l'électronique / les signaux et à la conception du textile / vêtement. L'équilibre entre l'intelligence embarquée et celle du cloud a été pensé pour garantir une nette amélioration. Les résultats expérimentaux ont montré que le système proposé peut effectuer efficacement et automatiquement le comptage des mouvements du fœtus et a des applications potentielles pour offrir une solution innovante dans le domaine de la santé humaine, libérer les femmes enceintes et soulager les systèmes de santé pour une application au suivi du développement du fœtus. Cette recherche fournit des conseils pour l'application de la surveillance à distance de la santé en utilisant des wearables dans le domaine des soins prénatalsFetal movements are one significant indicator of fetal health status. Reduction or discontinuation in fetal movements perceived by the mother could be a sign that fetal development requires enhanced monitoring. In practice, maternal perception of reduced fetal movements helps to determine the optimal time for delivery especially for high-risk pregnancy. However, fetal movement counting by the mother suffers from imprecision and subjectivity due to each mother's personal habits, customs and activity-rest periods, which usually leads to unnecessary concern and anxiety to the mother. Ultrasound-based technology, on the other hand, can be used for accurate and reliable monitoring of fetal movements. However, concerns have been expressed in the literature about the exceeded exposure of ultrasound, which could have a negative effect. Besides, it requires an in-hospital setting which can sometimes be far from the living environment, immobilization of the mother, and trained personnel to manipulate the device. In this study, we present a new garment-based wearable system for online monitoring of fetal movements. The proposed system is mainly composed of: 1) a garment carefully designed for enhancing pregnant women's comfort and guaranteeing the quality of measured signals, 2) a network of sensors/a communicating embedded system integrated into the right positions of the garment and 3) a mobile application connected to the garment and linking to the cloud with healthcare professionals allowing the mother to transmit and visualize in return the key information related to her baby's health. This work highlights the development of an embedded decision-making algorithm for online and reliable counting of fetal movement based on the sensor data. The proposed system is connected to a remote medical expert system on the cloud computing platform with which clinicians can make advanced medical diagnosis. Different from the existing wearable systems, both the electronic/signal issues and textile/garment design have been fully taken into account in the proposed intelligent garment, and a balance between the embedded intelligence and that of the cloud has been considered to guarantee an overall improvement. The experimental results has proved that the proposed system can effectively and automatically perform fetal movement counting, and has potential applications in offering an innovative solution in the field of human health, benefiting pregnant women, alleviating the burden on health systems for applications to the monitoring of fetal development.. This research provides guidance for the application of remote health monitoring by using wearable systems in antenatal care
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Derrick, Douglas C. "Special-Purpose, Embodied Conversational Intelligence with Environmental Sensors (SPECIES) Agents: Implemented in an Automated Interviewing Kiosk." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145272.
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I utilized a design science approach to create an automated kiosk that uses embodied intelligent agents to interview individuals and detect changes in arousal, behavior, and cognitive effort by using psychophysiological information systems. This dissertation achieves three primary purposes.First, I describe the creation of this new Information Technology artifact, discuss design choices, and show the completed prototype.Second, related to this new system, I propose a unique class of intelligent agents, which are described as Special Purpose Embodied Conversational Intelligence with Environmental Sensors (SPECIES). I outline a system model that frames the conceptual components of SPECIES agents, provide design principles for developing SPECIES agents, and discuss some of the research implications of the various components in the model.Third, based on the SPECIES paradigm, I present five studies that evaluate different parts of the model. These studies form the foundational research for the development of the automated kiosk. In the first study, participants interacted with an automated interviewing agent via a chat-based modality (108 participants). The study clearly demonstrates the strong, positive correlation of both response time and the number of times a message is edited to deceitful responses. The software developed became the heart of the kiosk. The second study evaluated changing human decision-making by including influence tactics in decision aids (41 participants). This paper-based decision experiment showed that framing decision aids as appeals to individuals' values possibly change individuals' decisions and was the basis for study 4. The third study examined human-computer interaction and how SPECIES agents can change perceptions of information systems by varying appearance and demeanor (88 participants). Instantiations that had the agents embodied as males were perceived as more powerful, while female embodied agents were perceived as more likeable. Similarly, smiling agents were perceived as more likable than neutral demeanor agents. The fourth study assessed how incorporating impression management techniques into embodied conversational agents can influence human perceptions of the system (88 participants). The impression management techniques proved to be very successful in changing user perceptions. Specifically, agents that performed self-promotion were perceived as more powerful, trustworthy and expert. Agents that performed ingratiation were perceived as more attractive. In the fifth study, I used an embodied agent to interview people who had either constructed a fake bomb and packed it into a bag or had only packed clothes into a bag (60 participants). The agent used eye-tracking technology to capture pupil dilation and gaze behavior. When combined with vocal measurements, the kiosk technology was able to achieve over 93% accuracy in one trial.
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Welte, Anthony. "Spatio-temporal data fusion for intelligent vehicle localization." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2020COMP2572.
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La localisation précise constitue une brique essentielle permettant aux véhicules de naviguer de manière autonome sur la route. Cela peut être atteint à travers les capteurs déjà existants, de nouvelles technologies (Iidars, caméras intelligentes) et des cartes haute définition. Dans ce travail, l'intérêt d'enregistrer et réutiliser des informations sauvegardées en mémoire est exploré. Les systèmes de localisation doivent permettre une estimation à haute fréquence, des associations de données, de la calibration et de la détection d'erreurs. Une architecture composée de plusieurs couches de traitement est proposée et étudiée. Une couche principale de filtrage estime la pose tandis que les autres couches abordent les problèmes plus complexes. L'estimation d'état haute fréquence repose sur des mesures proprioceptives. La calibration du système est essentielle afin d'obtenir une pose précise. En gardant les états estimés et les observations en mémoire, les modèles d'observation des capteurs peuvent être calibrés à partir des estimations lissées. Les Iidars et les caméras intelligentes fournissent des mesures qui peuvent être utilisées pour la localisation mais soulèvent des problèmes d'association de données. Dans cette thèse, le problème est abordé à travers une fenêtre spatio-temporelle, amenant une image plus détaillée de l'environnement. Le buffer d'états est ajusté avec les observations et toutes les associations possibles. Bien que l'utilisation d'amers cartographiés permette d'améliorer la localisation, cela n'est possible que si la carte est fiable. Une approche utilisant les résidus lissés a posteriori a été développée pour détecter ces changements de carteLocalization is an essential basic capability for vehicles to be able to navigate autonomously on the road. This can be achieved through already available sensors and new technologies (Iidars, smart cameras). These sensors combined with highly accurate maps result in greater accuracy. In this work, the benefits of storing and reusing information in memory (in data buffers) are explored. Localization systems need to perform a high-frequency estimation, map matching, calibration and error detection. A framework composed of several processing layers is proposed and studied. A main filtering layer estimates the vehicle pose while other layers address the more complex problems. High-frequency state estimation relies on proprioceptive measurements combined with GNSS observations. Calibration is essential to obtain an accurate pose. By keeping state estimates and observations in a buffer, the observation models of these sensors can be calibrated. This is achieved using smoothed estimates in place of a ground truth. Lidars and smart cameras provide measurements that can be used for localization but raise matching issues with map features. In this work, the matching problem is addressed on a spatio-temporal window, resulting in a more detailed pictur of the environment. The state buffer is adjusted using the observations and all possible matches. Although using mapped features for localization enables to reach greater accuracy, this is only true if the map can be trusted. An approach using the post smoothing residuals has been developed to detect changes and either mitigate or reject the affected features
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Sun, Jie. "Intelligent flood adaptative contex-aware system." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC076/document.
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A l’avenir, l'agriculture et l'environnement vont pouvoir bénéficier de plus en plus de données hétérogènes collectées par des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF). Ces données alimentent généralement des outils d’aide à la décision (OAD). Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons spécifiquement aux systèmes sensibles et adaptatifs au contexte basés sur un RCSF et un OAD, dédiés au suivi de phénomènes naturels. Nous proposons ainsi une formalisation pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de ces systèmes. Le contexte considéré se compose de données issues du phénomène étudié mais également des capteurs sans fil (leur niveau d’énergie par exemple). Par l’utilisation des ontologies et de techniques de raisonnement, nous visons à maintenir le niveau de qualité de service (QdS) des données collectées (en accord avec le phénomène étudié) tant en préservant le fonctionnement du RCSF. Pour illustrer notre proposition, un cas d'utilisation complexe, l'étude des inondations dans un bassin hydrographique, est considéré. Cette thèse a produit un logiciel de simulation de ces systèmes qui intègre un système de simulation multi-agents (JADE) avec un moteur d’inférence à base de règles (Jess)In the future, agriculture and environment will rely on more and more heterogeneous data collected by wireless sensor networks (WSN). These data are generally used in decision support systems (DSS). In this dissertation, we focus on adaptive context-aware systems based on WSN and DSS, dedicated to the monitoring of natural phenomena. Thus, a formalization for the design and the deployment of these kinds of systems is proposed. The considered context is established using the data from the studied phenomenon but also from the wireless sensors (e.g., their energy level). By the use of ontologies and reasoning techniques, we aim to maintain the required quality of service (QoS) level of the collected data (according to the studied phenomenon) while preserving the resources of the WSN. To illustrate our proposal, a complex use case, the study of floods in a watershed, is described. During this PhD thesis, a simulator for context-aware systems which integrates a multi-agent system (JADE) and a rule engine (Jess) has been developed.Keywords: ontologies, rule-based inferences, formalization, heterogeneous data, sensors data streams integration, WSN, limited resources, DSS, adaptive context-aware systems, QoS, agriculture, environment
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Itoua, Engoti Frank. "Réalisation d’une plate-forme pour l’optimisation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil appliqués au bâtiment intelligent." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0018/document.
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La thèse porte sur le déploiement d'un réseau de capteurs pour le diagnostic énergétique d'un bâtiment universitaire. Elle s'inscrit dans la thématique Bâtiment intelligent et durable de l'Université de Limoges. Il s'agit au cours de cette thèse, dans un premier temps, d'optimiser l'architecture d'un réseau de capteurs Zigbee ainsi que les méthodes d'interrogation de ces capteurs, pour minimiser la consommation énergétique des nœuds du réseau. On s'appuiera notamment sur des concepts de "compressive sensing" pour augmenter la durée de vie des nœuds autonomes qui pourra être éventuellement renforcée par des organes de récupération d'énergieThis thesis deals with the roll out of Wireless Sensor Network for the energetic monitoring of an existing building of the University. This work wil be incorporated in the framework of the smart building program of the University of Limoges. The work aims to optimize the architecture of a Zigbee network as well as data collection methods to minimize the energy consumption of the network's nodes. Methods based on the compressive sensing concepts will be investigated to reduce the number of nodes and to extend the lifetime of the nodes. Those methods will eventually be complemented with energy harvesting techniques
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Chang, David Keali'i. "Evaluation of the Accuracy of Traffic Volume Counts Collected by Microwave Sensors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5486.
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Over the past few years, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) has developed a system called the Signal Performance Metrics System (SPMS) to evaluate the performance of signalized intersections. This system currently provides data summaries for several performance measures including: 1) Purdue Coordination Diagram, 2) Speed, 3) Approach Volume, 4) Purdue Phase Termination Charts, 5) Split Monitor, 6) Turning Movement Volume Counts, 7) Arrivals on Red, and 8) Approach Delay. There is a need to know the accuracy of the data that are being collected by the Wavetronix SmartSensor Matrix and displayed in the SPMS. The TAC members determined that the following factors would affect the accuracy of radar-based traffic sensors the most: sensor position, number of approach lanes, and volume level. The speed limit factor was added to the study after most of the data collection was completed. The purpose of this research was to collect data at various intersections to determine the accuracy of the data collected by the Wavetronix SmartSensor Matrix.A Mixed Model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the effects that each factor had on the accuracy of the traffic volume count. A total of 14 tests were performed to examine the effects of the factors on traffic volume count accuracy. The sensor position factor was not found to be a statistically significant factor affecting the accuracy of traffic volume counts. The effect of speed limit on traffic volume count accuracy was determined to be inconclusive due to the lack of samples to be tested. The remaining two factors, volume level and number of approach lanes, were found to have a statistically significant effect on the accuracy of traffic volume counts. Based on these two factors, a matrix was created to meet the needs of UDOT to present accuracy values on the SPMS website. This matrix includes the mean, 95 percent confidence interval of the mean, standard deviation, number of samples, and the minimum number of samples needed.
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Vernier, Michael Anthony. "Virtual Sensor System: Merging the Real World with a Simulation Environment." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282138118.
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Hoopes, Daniel Matthew. "The ContexTable: Building and Testing an Intelligent, Context-Aware Kitchen Table." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/12.
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The purpose of this thesis was to design and evaluate The ContexTable, a context-aware system built into a kitchen table. After establishing the current status of the field of context-aware systems and the hurdles and problems being faced, a functioning prototype system was designed and built. The prototype makes it possible to explore established, untested theory and novel solutions to problems faced in the field.
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Serra, Renan. "Développement et caractérisation d'un système de sol piézoélectrique intelligent : application à la détection des chutes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD018.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la conception et de la réalisation de systèmes intelligents, associés à une technologie de capteurs sol. Elle vise à concevoir un outil automatisé et intelligent destiné à détecter principalement les chutes de personnes âgées en milieu hospitalier, afin de fournir une information supplémentaire au personnel soignant. Premièrement, les différentes technologies de capteurs appliquées aux revêtements de sol ont été étudiées. Parmi les technologies recensées, les capteurs piézoélectriques planaires en polymères ont été retenus pour l’élaboration du système intelligent. Ensuite, la caractérisation de la solution technique retenue a permis de définir les conditions et limites d’utilisation du capteur. Les aspects de robustesse et de durabilités ont été évalués à l’aide de méthodes développées à ces effets. Enfin, des algorithmes de détection ont été développés en vue de détecter les chutes, les pas et la présence de personnes sur des surfaces délimitées par le système. Des stratégies de classification basées sur la corrélation de Pearson, des algorithmes d’apprentissages ou des algorithmes à seuils ont été utilisésThis thesis is part of the field of design and elaboration of smart systems combined with a flooring sensor technology. The main objective deal with the design of an automated and smart tool to detect falls of elderly people in hospitals or nursing homes, in order to provide additional information to healthcare workers. First, various sensor technologies applied to floor covering have been studied. Among the technologies identified, piezoelectric planar polymer sensors have been chosen for the development of the smart system. Then, the characterization of the validated technical solution allows to define conditions and limits of use of the sensor. The robustness and durability were evaluated using methods that were specifically developed to address these aspects. Finally, detection algorithms have been developed to detect falls, footsteps and presence of people on our sensors. Classification strategies based on Pearson’s correlation, machine learning algorithms or threshold based algorithm have been used
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Hameed, Tariq, Ahsan Ashfaq, and Rabid Mehmood. "Intelligent Sensor." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17310.
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The task is to build an intelligent sensor that can instruct a Lego robot to perform certain tasks. The sensor is mounted on the Lego robot and it contains a digital camera which takes continuous images of the front view of the robot. These images are received by an FPGA which simultaneously saves them in an external storage device (SDRAM). At one time only one image is saved and during the time it is being saved, FPGA processes the image to extract some meaningful information. In front of digital camera there are different objects. The sensor is made to classify various objects on the basis of their color. For the classification, the requirement is to implement color image segmentation based object tracking algorithm on a small Field Programmable Gate array (FPGA). For the color segmentation in the images, we are using RGB values of the pixels and with the comparison of their relative values we get the binary image which is processed to determine the shape of the object. A histogram is used to retrieve object‟s features and saves results inside the memory of FPGA which can be read by an external microcontroller with the help of serial port (RS-232).
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Montebeller, Sidney José. "Estudo sobre o emprego de dispositivos sem fios - wireless na automação do ar condicionado e de outros sistemas prediais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-19092006-172438/.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e suas aplicações na automação predial. A principal motivação para a elaboração deste trabalho é o uso crescente dessas tecnologias em diversas áreas, principalmente em sistemas de automação industrial, comercial, residencial e predial. O uso de equipamentos como telefones celulares e notebooks, que possuem canais de comunicação sem fio (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), também contribuiu para o aumento do interesse na pesquisa de soluções usando redes sem fio. Inicialmente são apresentadas e estudadas, de forma comparativa, as tecnologias existentes de comunicação sem fio. Em seguida, são apresentados os principais sistemas que podem ser automatizados dentro de um edifício inteligente e também exemplos de aplicações de uso das tecnologias sem fio. A demonstração do uso de dispositivos sem fio foi feita a partir de um protótipo. Esse protótipo foi elaborado com o objetivo de substituir sensores de temperatura de um sistema de ar condicionado. O consumo das baterias e a relação custo-benefício do sistema foram os principais itens avaliados. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que dispositivos sem fio podem ser mais uma opção na automação de edifícios e residências, podendo servir como solução, em vários casos, para problemas de infra-estrutura e de integração dos sistemas de automação.This work presents a study of the wireless communication technologies and their applications to intelligent building automation systems. The main motivation for this work is the increasing use of wireless technologies in several areas, specifically industrial, commercial, residential and building automation. The use of equipments as cellular telephones and notebooks, provided by wireless communication channels (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), has been contributing to the interest in the research of solutions related to this technology. Initially, the existent commercial technologies of some wireless communication systems are presented and studied, in a comparative way. The main systems that exist inside an automated intelligent building and examples of applications of the wireless technologies are presented. The use of wireless devices was depicted by means from a prototype, which was built up with the scope of substituting the sensor of temperature of an air conditioning system. The consumption of the batteries and the cost-benefit relationship of the system were the main items evaluated with the prototype. This study intends to demonstrate that wireless devices can be an interesting option for the automation of buildings and residences. In several cases, the use of these devices can be a solution for some of the infrastructure problems and for the integration of the automation systems.
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Alatorre, Vazquez Angel Gabriel. "Robust estimation of dynamics behavior and driving diagnosis applied to an intelligent MAGV." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2554.
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Cette thèse présente une série de stratégies pour estimer la dynamique des véhicules. Le but de ce travail est de développer une stratégie d'observation qui peut être appliquée aux véhicules de série. L'idée d'avoir un algorithme dans une voiture produite en série pose un grand nombre de défis,' ceux que nous considérons dans ce travail sont la robustesse et le coût. Nous avons proposé des modèles et des stratégies d'observateurs capables de faire face à des niveaux d'excitation élevés et faibles. Nous avons validé la robustesse de l'algorithme avec de nombreux tests, des petites pistes à faible vitesse aux manœuvres de changement de voie. Nos algorithmes ont été retravaillés plusieurs fois pour atteindre un degré de précision qui peut être utile pour l'intégration dans ADAS. Nous avons également proposé des stratégies d'observateurs qui permettent ce degré de robustesse tout en conservant une grille de capteurs à faible coût. Les principales contributions sont au nombre de trois : 1 - Estimation de la vitesse latérale et longitudinale,' ces variables sont essentielles pour une bonne rétroaction des régulateurs de stabilisation et de vitesse de croisière. Notre proposition utilise comme base un modèle cinématique pour éviter d'utiliser des paramètres liés à la masse dans notre modèle; cela est possible puisque notre grille de capteurs comprend des accéléromètres et des gyroscopes. L'une des principales contributions de cette section est la compensation de la gravité,' une équation différentielle de quaternions définit l'attitude de notre système. Plus de 100 tests valident la robustesse de l'algorithme, et nous obtenons des résultats cohérents dans chacun d'eux. 2- Estimation de l'estimation de la force pneu-sol normale. Cette variable est, à notre avis, la plus difficile à estimer car la grille de capteurs des véhicules de série ne contient pas beaucoup de capteurs mesurant la dynamique verticale. Cette section doit étendre notre solution aux véhicules de série avec des systèmes de suspension améliorés, y compris des capteurs de déflexion. Nous pouvons estimer la masse, la distribution de masse et le centre de gravité avec ces capteurs en place et transmettre l'estimation normale de la force pneu-sol en utilisant la fusion de modèles et le filtre de Kalman. 3 - Stratégies d'estimation des forces longitudinales et latérales pneu-sol. La première méthode utilise les modèles bicycle et hoverboard connus et les filtres de Kalman pour estimer les TGFs, et d'autres modèles sont introduits pour répartir ces forces sur le pneu adéquat. Cette méthode doit gérer la saturation des pneus, pour séparer correctement les TGF virtuels. La deuxième méthode utilise les lois de Newton du mouvement; ici, nous calculons les accélérations locales en utilisant l'accélération et les rotations d'un corps rigide. Étant donné que nous connaissons déjà les TGF normaux à chaque pneu, nous pouvons calculer les TGFs latéraux et longitudinaux avec précision. Cette dernière méthode est plus précise et robuste que la première méthode. Enfin, au final, nous proposons une série de systèmes qui bénéficieront des estimations antérieuresThe context of this thesis is the improvement of road safety through the development of active safety systems. One challenge in the development of active safety systems is obtaining accurate information about unmeasurable vehicle dynamic states. Specifically, the necessity to estimate the vertical load, frictional forces at each wheel (longitudinal and lateral), and also the sideslip angle at the center of gravity. These states are the critical parameters for optimizing the control of a vehicle’s stability. If the vertical load on each tire can be estimated, then the risk of rollover can be evaluated. Estimating tire lateral forces can help to reduce lateral slip and prevent dangerous situations like spinning and drifting out the road. Tire longitudinal forces influence the performance of a vehicle. Sideslip angle is one of the essential parameters for controlling the lateral dynamics of a vehicle. However, the different technologies that the market offers, are not based on tire-ground forces due to the lack of cost-effective methods for obtaining the required information. For the above mentioned reasons, we want to develop a system that monitors these dynamic vehicle states using only low-cost sensors. To accomplish our endeavor, we propose developing novel observers to estimate unmeasured states. Constructing an observer that met the reliability, robustness and accuracy requirements is not an easy task. It requires one the one hand, accurate and efficient models, and on the other hand, robust estimation algorithms that take into account variations in parameters and measurement errors. The present thesis has consequently been structured around the following two aspects: modeling of vehicle dynamics, and design of observers. Under the heading of modeling, we propose new models to describe vehicle dynamics. Current models simplify the vehicle motion as a planar motion. In our proposal, our models describe vehicle motion as a 3D motion, including the effects of road inclination. Regarding vertical dynamics, we propose incorporating the suspension deflection to calculate the transfer of vertical load. Regarding lateral dynamics, we propose a model for the lateral forces transfer to describe the interaction between the left wheel and the right wheel. With this relationship, the lateral force on each tire is computed without using the sideslip angle. Similarly, for longitudinal dynamics, we also propose a model for the transfer of longitudinal forces to calculate the longitudinal force at each tire. Under the heading of observer design, we propose a novel observation system consisting of four individual observers connected in cascade. The four observers are developed for estimating vertical tire force, lateral tire force, longitudinal tire force, and sideslip angle, respectively. For the linear system, the Kalman filter is employed, while for the nonlinear system, the EKF applied to reduce estimation errors. Finally, we implement our algorithm in an experimental vehicle to perform estimation in real-time, and we validate our proposed algorithm using experimental data
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Фолюшняк, В. В. "Інтелектуальна система запобігання транспортних аварій на основі активних датчиків безпеки." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43472.
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Mian, Omer. "Intelligent Spectrum Sensor Radio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1215360432.
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Dobiáš, Vojtěch. "Senzor kvality prostředí potravinového obalu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449725.
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The aim of this study was to prepare thin polymer layers able to give a color change response to oxygen. Thin layers were prepared with different polymers and dyes. The rate of photocatalytic reduction of a dye and the rate of the color change response to oxygen were studied. To verify oxygen sensitivity of a prepared layer, oxygen absorbers were used to create anaerobic conditions. The effect of visible light irradiation on a prepared layer was examined as well. Influence of glycerol content on the kinetics of the photocatalytic reduction and the color change response was studied. Considering both reactions, the glycerol content of 1 % was found to be the most suitable. Methylene blue in prepared layer was reduced 48 s after previous UVA irradiation with intensity of 0,1 mWcm-2. The color change response to oxygen is readily distinguished by the naked eye within 20 minutes.
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Hafeez, Khalid. "An intelligent sensor for robotics." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316381.
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Yordanova, Veronika. "Intelligent adaptive underwater sensor networks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10042482/.
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Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) technology has reached a sufficient maturity level to be considered a suitable alternative to conventional Mine Countermeasures (MCM). Advantages of using a network of AUVs include time and cost efficiency, no personnel in the minefield, and better data collection. A major limitation for underwater robotic networks is the poor communication channel. Currently, acoustics provides the only means to send messages beyond a few metres in shallow water, however the bandwidth and data rate are low, and there are disturbances, such as multipath and variable channel delays, making the communication non-reliable. The solution this thesis proposes using a network of AUVs for MCM is the Synchronous Rendezvous (SR) method --- dynamically scheduling meeting points during the mission so the vehicles can share data and adapt their future actions according to the newly acquired information. Bringing the vehicles together provides a robust way of exchanging messages, as well as means for regular system monitoring by an operator. The gains and losses of the SR approach are evaluated against a benchmark scenario of vehicles having their tasks fixed. The numerical simulation results show the advantage of the SR method in handling emerging workload by adaptively retasking vehicles. The SR method is then further extended into a non-myopic setting, where the vehicles can make a decision taking into account how the future goals will change, given the available resource and estimation of expected workload. Simulation results show that the SR setting provides a way to tackle the high computational complexity load, common for non-myopic solutions. Validation of the SR method is based on trial data and experiments performed using a robotics framework, MOOS-IvP. This thesis develops and evaluates the SR method, a mission planning approach for underwater robotic cooperation in communication and resource constraint environment.